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BIOGRAPHICAL

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THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

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CINCINNATI AND PHILADELPHIA:

GALAXY PUBLISHING COMPANY.

1876.

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334

in OG R A P 1 1 1 C A L E X C Y C 1.0 P. ED I A .

under the command of Judge Martin Crain, and thence to
Camp Dennison. Company 1C was commanded hy Captain
Woodward, of Dayton, while the colonel of the regiment
was K. V. Kanlz. I laving received their horses and full
equipment at the latter camp, they were sent to Lexington,
Kentucky, dining the winter of 1862—63, via Covington,
overland, where they passed some months, Leaving there
they marched to Somerset, and there, being attached to the
2jd Corps, participated in the raid on Knoxville and East
Tennessee, under General llurnside, and were in all the
battles and skirmishes that occurred, until General Long-
street was driven out of Eastern Tennessee, lie was on
the celebrated John Morgan raid, from the time that
guerilla chief left Kentucky, through the Slates of Indiana
anti Ohio, anti in all the battles anil skirmishes that look
place between the two contending forces, including the
battle at liuffington’s Island, until he was captured near the
Pennsylvania line. After these two campaigns were ended
the 2d Ohio Cavalry was transferred to the Army of the
Potomac over the Iiallimore & Ohio Railroad. Though a
member of Company K of that regiment, he was unable,
through sickness, to be present at the battles of the Wilder-
ness, in which they participated ; but on their return from
that hard-fought field he joined his company at Camp
Stoneman, near Washington, District of Columbia, anil
thence went into the valley of the Shenandoah, under
General Sheridan, General George A. Custer being the
brigade commander, lie look part in all the conflicts that
occurred in that valley, including the battles of Winchester
anti Cedar Creek, and until the rebel General Early left
the valley. The Union cavalry followed in pursuit of him
up the valley, frequently skirmishing with portions of his
command, thence out to the James River Canal, anti along
the line of that canal and to the left of Richmond anti
Petersburg, until they 1 cached General Grant’s army. Pass-
ing to the south of Petersburg his regiment participated in
raising the siege of that city, and after the evacuation they
following the retreating army of General Lee, lighting them
almost every day. He was in the battle of Live Links, as
well as all the others that occurred in that pursuit ; as also
in the one that took place on the evening of the 8th anti
the morning of the 9th of April, 1865, in front of Appomat-
tox Court House, and until General Lee surrendered at
that place on the last-named day. On April 10th his regi-
ment started for Petersburg, which they reached in due
time, and were then ordered to the rear of General John-
son’s army. When they hail reached a point of one day’s
march from the rear, they learned that he hail surrendered,
and returned at once to Petersburg. While sojourning
there they learned of President Lincoln’s death by the
hands of a rebel assassin. Leaving Petersburg they marched
through Richmond and to Washington City, crossing the
Long bridge over the Potomac river, and went into camp
within a few miles of the capital. He had been some time
previous promoted to the grade of Sergeant. He was pres-

ent at the grand review of the Army of the Potomac, in the
capital city of the nation — the grandest sight ever witnessed
there — and passing out the regiment was placed- upon the
train for Parkersburg. ( )n their at rival at that place they
found two steamers ready to convey them to St. Louis,
Missouri; one of them, the “Columbia,” received Company
K, and in the early part of June they landed at that city.
On the loth day of that month he was mustered out of the
service at Renton Barracks, lie shortly after this left for
home, where he arrived on the 161I1 of June. In August
of the same year he entered the Ohio University, at Athens,
and after a year’s sojourn returned home and taught school
for a term. He next entered the office of General Enochs,
to continence the study of the law, and in the autumn of
1867 became a student in the law department of the Uni-
versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. In 1870 he established
a law office at Ironton, Ohio, where he is now actively
engaged in the practice ol his profession.

19 32145

^ISIIER, ALBERT WEISEB, ■ Physician and
Health Officer of Toledo, Ohio, was born in
Sunbury, Northumberland county, Pennsylvania,
of American parentage and pure Anglo Saxon
ancestry. He received his education in the High
School anti academy of his native place, nnd after
leaving school he removed to Milton, Pennsylvania, where
he engaged as a salesman in a drug store. After remain-
ing there, so occupied, for a time, he removed to Lewis-
burg, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in the same occupa-
tion ; and after remaining there for an interval he returned
to Sunbury, and there again engaged as salesman in a thug
store. He spent three years and a half in the drug stores
of Milton, I.ewisburg and Sunbury, when he removed to
Philadelphia, and there was engaged in the wholesale drug
store of Messrs. Miller & Elliott. He remained with them
a year, anti during a part of that time attended the College
of Pharmacy. At the end of the year he returned to Sun-
bury, his native place. There he engaged in business for
himself, as a druggist, and at the same time performed the
duties of agent for Adams’ Express Company, lie re-
mained so engaged from 1857 to 1861, and in the mean-
time he studied medicine with Dr. Jacob B. Masser,
graduating in 1861 from the Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia. In the month ot October, in the same year,
he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the 57th Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers. He remained with the regiment
during General McClellan’s campaign in West Virginia,
after which he resigned anti left the army. In November,
1S62, he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he has ever
since resided. In Toledo he at once commenced the prac-
tice of his profession, and by his knowledge, skill anti
untiring devotion to his professional duties he rapidly
achieved a solid and enduring success. lie. soon earned

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

335

ami has steadily sustained the reputation of being one of the
best physicians of the place, and is in the enjoyment of a
large and lucrative practice. II is professional duties occupy
most of his energies and most of his time, so that lie has
little leisure to bestow upon politics, lie takes the interest
of a good citizen in political matters, however, and his
political faith is that of a staunch Republican. On the 1st
of J utuary, 1S75, he was elected to the position of Health
Officer for the city, and performed the duties of the position
in a manner so satisfactory that he was re-elected to the
office in January, 1S76. He was married on the 26th of
March, tool, to Mary E. Wise, of Sunbltry, Pennsylvania,
and their marriage has been blessed by five children, four
boys and one girl.

HERMAN, WILLIAM TECUMSEII, Ccneral-
'eK in-Chief of the United States Army, was born in
Lancaster, Ohio, February 8th, 1S20. lie is of
English extraction, being descended from the
Shermans of New England. In 1634 two bro-
thers and a cousin of that name emigrated from
the county of Essex, England, and joined the infant colony in
Massachusetts Bay. One of these, the lion. Samuel Sher-
man, afterwards settled in Connecticut, where his descendants
flourished and prospered for nearly two hundred years. In
1815 the grandfather of the future general, and the great-
grandson of the original settler, died, and his widow with
her family sought a home in the West. One of her sons
became distinguished in the practice of law, and in 1S23
one of the judges of the Supreme Court, lie was married
in 1S10 to Mary Hoyt, an intelligent, Christian woman, and
a member of the Presbyterian church. Of the eleven chil-
dren born to them, the sixth was William Tecumseh, and
the eighth the present Hon. John Sherman. In 1829 Judge
Sherman died suddenly of cholera, leaving his family in
straitened circumstances. It had been his wish and hope
that William T. should be given. a military education, and
had named him after the Indian chief Tecumseh, slain in
battle but a short time before his birth, and for whom he
had a great respect. Having left no adequate provision for
his large family, it was agreed among his brethren of the
legal profession that some of the children should be edu-
cated and supported at their expense. lion. Thomas
Ewing said to the widow that he must have the smartest of
them, and thereupon selected “ Cump,” ns he was called,
then nine years of age. He became an inmate of the
Ewing family, attending school and growing in their esteem
for the next seven years. Of his habits Mr. Ewing says :
“ l here was nothing very remarkable about him, excepting
that I never knew so young a boy who would do an errand
so correctly and promptly as he did lie was trans-

parently honest, faithful, and reliable. Studious and correct
in his habits, his progress in education was steady and sub-
stantial." Having a vacancy at the Academy at West

Point in his gift, Mr. Ewing bestowed it upon the child of
his old friend, lie was admitted to the Academy in June,
1836, and remained there, with the exception of a two
mouths’ furlough, until his graduation in June, 1840. 1 It was
graduated sixth in his class, and was assigned to the artil-
lery. It had been the wish of his guardian that he should
graduate in the engineer corps, but this, for some reason,
was not possible. While at the Academy he kept up a cor-
respondence with his future wife, the daughter of Mr.
Ewing, and wrote in a confiding way of his ambitions and
purposes in life. For two years after his graduation he
served in Florida, mostly on garrison duty, although he
took part in several expeditions against the Seminoles. In
March, 1842, he was sent to Fort Morgan, at the entrance
to Mobile liay, and from thence, in the summer, to Fort
Moultrie, in Charleston harbor. Here a round of gaycly
with the aristocratic Charlestonians followed, but his equable
temperament kept him from dissipation or frivolity. An
officer’s uniform secured admittance to the best society, but
his heart resisted all the fascinations to which it was ex-
posed, and remained true to the object of his boyish affec-
tions. In 1S43 he obtained a four months’ furlough to
visit the family of his guardian, and became formally en-
gaged to Ellen Ewing. He was next assigned to duly on a
board of officers appointed to examine the claims of Georgia
and Alabama militia for horses lost in the Seminole war.
He now became a rather hard student, and begun the study
of that topography of the Southern country which enabled
him to so successfully prosecute his campaigns. A dull
military routine of duty for the next year or so, and the
Mexican war broke out. He was sent to Pittsburgh on re-
cruiting service, lie repeatedly requested to be sent into
more active service, and was finally sent around the Cape,
and up the west coast of South America; on reaching Cali-
fornia he was made an Aide-de-camp to General I’ersifer F.
Smith, and afterwards Acting Assistant Adjutant-General to
Stephen W. Kearney, lie really saw no “ active service ”
in the sense that he understood it, but he discharged his
duties with such ability as to merit praise from his superiors.
Returning to the Stales, he was married, May 1st, 1850,
to Ellen, daughter of II011. Thomas Ewing, the Secretary
of the Interior. Among the guests at the wedding were
President Taylor, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. His
next military duty was at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, and
shortly after he was made Brevet Captain for “meritorious
services in California during the war with Mexico,” and
sent as commissary first to St. Louis, and then to New Or-
leans. Becoming tired of his slow progress in military life,
and its dull routine, he accepted an offer from a St. Louis
banking house to manage a branch establishment in Cali-
fornia, and on the 6th of September, 1S53, resigned his
commission, having been in the army thirteen years, and in
military life seventeen, if his cadetship at West Point is in-
cluded. During the next four years he was at his post in
San Francisco, struggling to make a success of his new

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

venture. At last lie left California, and embarked in the
same business in New York, lull gave it up after a brief
trial, and joined bis brothers-in-law, the Ewings, in Kansas,
where with them be engaged in the law business. Two
years’ experience in ibis held disgusted him, ami be eon-
eluded that he was not of the stuff that made lawyers. An
advantageous offer that be received about this time no doubt
hastened bis resolve to leave the law. lie was made Super-
intendent, and Professor of Engineering, Architecture and
Drawing in the Slate Seminary of Learning and Military
Academy of Louisiana, just established. Nearly his whole
term of military service hail been passed in the South, and
his political opinions were known to be strongly Southern.
But the unsettled state of the country did not make him feel
secure in the position, and he did not remove his family to
the scene of his new duties. As the excitement grew more
threatening, efforts were made to have him espouse the
cause of disunion, lie was found to be very efficient in his
work, which made it all the more desirable to retain him to
aid the cause of the South. 1 1 is only and repeated answer
was that it was the duty of a soldier to fight for the (lag and
the government to which he had sworn allegiance. The
attitude of the South at last fired his patriotism, and lie re-
signed in a manly letter to the Governor of Louisiana, as
follows :

Sir : As I occupy a quasi military position under this
State, I deem it proper to acquaint you that I accepted such
a position when Louisiana was a State in the Union, and
when the motto of the seminary inserted in marble over the
main door was : “ liy the liberality of the general govern-
ment of the United Slates: The Union — -Esto perpctim."
Recent events foreshadow a great change, and it becomes
all men to choose. If Louisiana withdraws from the f ed-
eral Union, 1 prefer to ,m lintain my allegiance to the old
Constitution as long as a fragment of it survives, and my
longer stay here would be wrong in every sense of the word.

. ... I beg you to take immediate steps to relieve me as
Superintendent the moment the State determines to secede,
for on no earthly account will I do any act or think any
thought hostile to or in defiance of the old government of
the United States.

lie departed for St. Louis at once, where he entered into
street railway speculation, and became President of the
f ifth street line. About the time President Lincoln was in-
augurated he went to Washington. 1 1 is brother, lion.
John Sherman, had just been elected to the United States
Senate to succeed Salmon 1*. Chase, and it seemed likely
that his influence would be beneficial. He talked freely
of the situation, and tried to impress Mr. Lincoln with its
danger. lie volunteered his services in any capacity.
“ We shall not need many men like you,” said the hopeful
President; “ the affair will soon blow over.” At last he
made application for the Chief Cleikdiip in the War De-
partment, and, although strongly backed, failed to secure
the place. When Joseph E. Johnston resigned the Quarter-
master-Generalship to enter the rebel service, be applied for
this position, but failed again. When the call for seventy-

five thousand troops was made, he denounced it as fully,
saying that the whole North should organize at once for a
desperate struggle. So warningly did he represent the danger
of the hour that he was looked upon as an alarmist. He
was advised to go home to Ohio, and obtain a command,
but he refused and made his way back to St. Louis, much
disgusted with the situation of affairs. But his thoughtful
brother did not neglect his interests. An order came to
strengthen the regular army with eleven new regiments, and
he was given the command of one of them, the 13th Infantry.
In the movement upon Manassas he was given command
of a brigade. In the battle that ensued he acquitted him-
self admirably. IBs force were infected by the panic that
followed, and he reported their retreat as “ disorderly in
the extreme.” Influence was brought to bear to make him
a brigadier-general, and he received his commission, August
3d, lS6l,the same to date from May 17th previous. About
the last of August he was sent to the Department of Ken-
tucky, then in command of General Robert Anderson, of
Sumter fame. When Anderson retired on account of ill
health, he found himself in command of the department.
But he did not please the government in his new field — in
fact, became decidedly unpopular with the people — and
was relieved and sent to Benton Barracks, Missouri, to drill
raw recruits. Here he stayed until the spring of 1862, when
1 1 a 1 lock drew him forth from his retirement and placed him
at Paducah to attend to the forwarding of troops and supplies
in Grant’s movement on Fort Donelson. He was afterwards
given the command of a division in the movement up the
Tennessee, and at Pittsburgh Landing he was in the ad-
vance. In this engagement his division was much cut up
and demoralized, but he himself .behaved with great gal-
lantry, doing much to check the reigning confusion, which
at one time seemed likely to result in a panic-stricken
retreat. He was slightly wounded, and had three horses
shot under him. Ilalleck reported to the government, with
the general approval of his officers, that “ General Sherman
saved the fortunes of the day on the 6th, and contributed
largely to the glorious victory on the 7th.” He was recom-
mended for, and accordingly promoted to, a major-general-
ship. lie took an important part in the battle of Corinth,
was quick and daring in all his movements, and his division
was the first to occupy the town. He was now ordered,
further westward, and was eventually sent to Memphis to
take charge of the district. He adopted vigorous measures
here to suppress guerilla warfare, and to ferret out the spies
with which Memphis swarmed. He supported Grant in his
first effort to reduce Vicksburg. The movement was unsuc-
cessful, as the rebels were too strongly fortified. His com-
mand was badly repulsed, and he reluctantly withdrew,
lie fell into unpopularity again for a time, was relieved,
and reduced to the command of two divisions. Although
deeply chagrined, he never faltered in his determination to
serve his country in any capacity. lie accompanied his late
command in a subordinate position on the expedition up the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

337

Arkansas liver to Arkansas Post. In this successful move-
ment the commanding general spoke of him as “exhibiting
his usual activity and enterprise.” In the next movement
on Vicksburg lie was the adviser and friend of Grant, who
lud never lost confidence in him. lie was assigned to the
left in this effort to take the city, and acquitted himself well
in whatever he undertook. When the rebels had been
badly beaten, and the siege of Vicksburg had foil ly opened,
lie was sent off with a force to watch Johnston, who was
endeavoring to relieve the city. The latter was badly de-
feated, fleeing in confusion and destroying his stores. The
great success that attended this movement against Johnston
drew from Grant warm praise in his reports. lie was given
a Brigadier-General’s commission in the regular army. The
country, so fickle in its likes and dislikes, now began to
applaud him. The existing system of recruiting the army
arrested his attention about this time, and he wrote a letter
to the Governor of Ohio proposing a new plan, lie urged
him to discountenance and prevent the forming of new regi-
ments, or the consolidation of old ones, and to fill up those
in the field to the full standard. lie argued that the old
regiments were officered by men of military experience, and
therefore better able to handle raw recruits. No wiser
policy of recruiting was presented to the government during
the war. In such discussions of war policy, and in elaborate
letters urging his views, in the miscellaneous work of the
corps, and in the pleasant reception of a visit front his
family, but which hail a sad sequel in the loss of a favorite
child, the summer passed away. In the meantime, w hile
lying thus idle, attention was directed to the danger of
Rosecrans. That general, with an inadequate force, was
making his way toward Chattanooga. So, in the early fall,
with all the troops that could be spared he w'as sent to co-
operate with Rosecrans, as it was supposed that Johnston
and Longstrect would strengthen the rebel force opposed to
him. Not realizing the full danger of the situation, he was
slow in his movements, and tarried at different places to
repair railroads, and it was fully two months before he
reached Chattanooga. There was some sharp skirmishing
along the route. In the succeeding actions at Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge he bore himself well, although
he did not carry olT the honors of the day. With his wearied
men he at once pushed on to the relief of Burnside at Knox-
ville, and arrived near that place in less than a week. The
troops having now had some three months of ceaseless
activity required rest, but their commander seemed to need
none, for he at once set about to inspect the department
that had been assigned to him while on the march to
Chattanooga. He was now given command of an expedi-
tion to secure the safer navigation of the Mississippi by de-
stroying the railroads by w hich the rebels reached it, and
then establishing military posts in the interior to keep guer-
illas away from its banks. With a large force he disap-
peared from view, emerging again after a month’s absence,
having destroyed long stretches of railroads, depots, arsenals,
43

and public stores, and spread alarm among the people of
Mississippi, lie subsisted his army on the people, as in the
memorable march to the sea. Some time after this he was
appointed to the chief command between the Mississippi
and the Alleghenies. He was summoned to meet Grant,
then made Lieutenant-General, at Nashville, and he trav-
elled as far north with h’.n as Cincinnati. It would cover
loo much space to detail his movement against Atlanta, first
opposed to Johnston and then Hood. The rebels fought
desperately, and although outnumbered two to one, contested
the ground inch by inch, and fought as bravely as men ever
did. The fall of Atlanta was dearly earned, and the cam-
paign was attended w ith great sacrifice on both sides. The
invader now began to develop his plans for his “march to
the sea,” with all its attendant but unavoidable horrors.
“ War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it,” were his mem-
orable words at the outset. Towards the close of September
his plans w ere somewhat matured. After a month or so of
inactivity on the part of the army, in w hich he was preparing
plans to circumvent Hood, whose mysterious movements
puzzled him, he placed as many men as he could spare
under General Thomas to watch him, and on the I2th of
November, 1864, disappeared from the Northern gaze, and
the “march” had commenced. His objective point was
not known to the public, and the country was mystified at
his disappearance. Even the government could learn noth-
ing of him, except from the Richmond papers passed
throjigh the lines — a very lame source indeed, but neverthe-
less eagerly sought. He had with him sixty-five thousand
men, and these spread over a breadth of thirty miles,
“ marching through Georgia.” But the rebels were as be-
wildered as the government was ignorant, and even the
cavalry sent to harass him were perplexed as to his destina-
tion. A comparatively small furce could have compelled
him to concentrate, and thus prevent the wide devastation
in his wake. But in this very uncertainty lay his safety, fur
the rebel force was scattered and placed on garrison duty in
the threatened towns. In twenty-four days his army had
marched from Atlanta to Savannah, a distance of over three
hundred miles. But little resistance was made, except in a
few' skirmishes with insignificant numbers of cavalry. 1 1 is
loss on the march was five hundred and sixty-seven, of whom
but sixty-three were killed, and two hundred and forty five
wounded. 1 1 is only misfortune w as his failure, through the
mistake of Kilpatrick, to liberate the poor Union prisoners
at Milieu. To the very last the mystification was kept up.
Many writers have censured him for his relentless severity
to the inhabitants, but he believed in making war horrible
w'hile it lasted, and he was determined that the hot-bed of
treason should experience a little of w hat the Unionists of
the border had been suffering for a long time. It is to be
regretted that helpless women and innocent children were
compelled to suffer these horrors, but it is equally to be re-
gretted that there was cause for the invasion. The whole
North was aglow with the story of the march, and many

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

thought in l lie excitement of the hour tliat the severest
jnmisliinent would he far too mild, forgetting that nearly the
whole of the able-bodied population of these States were
either conscripts or enlisted soldiers in the rebel army, and
far away from their defenceless families. At one time it
was intended to transport the victorious army by water to
the aid of Grant before Richmond, but this was abandoned,
and tile army took up its march through the Carolinas, in
pursuance of his policy that the speediest method of closing
the war was to impoverish the enemy. Columbia, the
capital of South Carolina, fell into the hands of the march-
ing army, and was soon after destroyed by fire. The com-
manding general has been blamed for this, some saying it
was done through his orders. When he rode into the town
large piles of cotton, which Wade I lampion had tired, lay
smouldering in the streets. 1 lis soldiers made an attempt
to extinguish it, but were not so successful as they supposed,
for in the night the lire broke out anew, consuming nearly
the whole of the city. The General says the enemy him-
self had burned the city, “ not from malicious intent, but
from folly and want of sense.” In the same paragraph he
says: “ Officers and men not on duty, including the officers
who had long been imprisoned there, may have assisted in
spreading the lire after it had once begun, and may have
indulged in unconcealed joy to see the ruin of the capital
of South Carolina.” The matter has been a subject of con-
troversy since the war, and there are those who will always
blame the General as the author of the calamity. The army
marched pitilessly on, destroying much valuable property.
The brave Johnston, again in command, but only of the
fragments of his once fine army, made an unsuccessful but
bold resistance. But one attack, and that desperate in its
character, was made upon the Union troops, and this was
repulsed with great loss. And thus ended the campaign of
the Carolinas. The victor was heralded as the greatest hero
of modern times, and parallels sought in vain. The bril-
liancy of the march was the all absorbing topic of the hour,
flic General made a hasty visit to Grant, where he met and
received the congratulations of the President, lie then re-
turned to his command, and put into operation the plan to
make a jointure w ith Grant. Before lie had fairly com-
menced came the news of Lee’s Might. Pushing vigorously
after Johnston, the latter retreated to Raleigh. While fol-
lowing him up there came the news of Lee’s surrender. A
proposition from Johnston to do likewise followed. The
terms of the surrender were refused by the Cabinet at
Washington, and Lieutenant-General Grant heartily ap-
proved its action. The General afterwards admitted his
folly, which consisted in discussing the political status of
the South in the terms of surrender. lie immediately re-
commenced his operations against the enemy, w ho finally
surrendered on a fairer and less conditional basis. After
the surrender he began to prepare for the mustering out of
his army, went further south, and then returned for the
“grand review ” at Washington. I lis action in the first

proposition from Johnston to surrender caused ill-feeling
between himself and Secretary Stanton, but the general
verdict was that he had committed an indiscretion, and he
came very near falling into unpopularity through it. Noth-
ing but Ids brilliant “ march to the sea” saved him. After
the war what errors he had committed were soon forgotten,
and he W'as loaded with honors. A fine residence at St.
Louis was presented to him. After the grade of General
was created for Grant, he succeeded to the vacant Lieu-
tenant-Gcneralcy. lie was assigned to the frontier to look
after the Indians. lie has ever believed in an aggressive
policy toward these children of the forest, and has no very
high opinion of them. But he has never been allowed to
fully have his way in this. 'J'lie tragic death of Canby
would never have occurred had he been in full power in
controlling the Indian, for he would never have brooked
the interference of a civilian in any of his plans, lie
believes in bringing the Indian to terms, or exterminating
him, and heartily disapproves of the “Quaker” policy of
petting them. All this is consistent with his conduct in the
war. The most triumphant general in this conflict, he was
also the most stern in his orders, making the enemy’s
country support his vast army, even though it deprived them
of their last crust. No general of the war was more loved
by his troops, and none more solicitous for their welfare.
After General Grant was elected to the Presidency, he suc-
ceeded to the vacant Generalship of the army, which position
he slid holds. The head-quarters of the army har ing been
transferred from Washington to St. Louis, he now resides
in the latter city. Recently he has published a work in
review of the war, and his very plain language in reference
l i men and events connected therewith raised quite a buzz
about his ears. The book has had an immense sale, not a
newspaper in the land having failed to notice it in lengthy
review. Many military officers have felt aggrieved at his
strictures upon them, but he bears it all with stoical indif-
ference. To define the General politically would be a diffi-
cult undertaking, but he may be said to be rather conserva-
tive than otherwise. Of late years his name has been fre-
quently mentioned in connection with the Presidency, and
so persistently within the last twelve months that he deemed
it necessary to write a letter, which found its way into all
the journals of the day, denying that lie was a candidate for
the office, or that he would become one under any circum-
stances. lie was reared a Roman Catholic, but is not a
communicant of the church now. At least he has so ex-
pressed himself in a recent communication. The mother
of his children is a strict Roman Catholic, and they have
been reared ns such. The constant newspaper discussion
in regard to this is very distasteful to him, as he has broad
and liberal views in matters of this kind, and only came
under Catholic inlluences when he entered Mr. Living’s
family at the age of nine. In person he is above the middle
height, spare, thin, and sometimes careless in dress. This
carelessness especially characterized his appearance in the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

3.19

ID'LL 1 1 i-> face is Mirim', widening at the lop into a capa-
cious forehead. TIiltc is nothing about him licit would
attract attention when liis features are in repose, but in con-
versation lie brightens up and appears at once a dillerent
person, lie is domestic in li is habits, having a strong love
for children and the comforts of home.

)iUCE, CHARLES LEVERETT, Merchant, was
(> horn in Ashtabula county, Ohio, August 1 2th,
1826. He obtained his education in the common
schools. When about ten years of age he re-
moved with his parents to Indiana, remaining
there until he attained his majority, and being
employed a portion of the time on his father’s farm, and the
remainder in his carding and cloth-dressing mill. Having
become tired of this occupation he effected an engagement
as a clerk in a dry-goods store, where he remained a year,
and when twenty-three years of age commenced business
on his own account in general merchandise. He continued
in the same until 1865, when, closing out his stock, he re-
moved to Toledo, and formed a copartnership with two asso-
ciates, establishing the linn of Luce, Chapin A Bloss, which
engaged in the wholesale dry-goods trade. This partnership
existed for the space of nine years, when it expiied by limi-
tation, in 1874. He then purchased the interests of the
retiring partners, himself continuing the business. During
the existence of the linn alreidy named, the senior partner
was largely instrumental in building up a trade which is
second to none in the city, and to his energy, indomitable
perseverance and business ability, the great patronage and
excellent reputation that the house sustains through the
Stales is wholly due. The business is still increasing under
his personal supervision, and is not confined to his native
State, but extends through Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa,
Wisconsin and Nebraska, and also to the Territory of Mon-
tana, evidencing that by his business tact and great courage
he L determined to extend the reputation of his house. In
political ideas he has been an old-line Whig, and L now a
Republican. Although frequently importuned to accept
office, he has steadily refused.

! entered the army in 1861 as a private soldier in Company B,

, 22d Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry; served four
months in the campaigns of West Virginia; was promoted
to be corporal and mustered out as fourth sergeant. The
quota of Ohio being full, lie enlisted again as a private sol-
dier in Company lx, 51I1 West Virginia Infantry; soon after
was appointed First Lieutenant in this company ; was pro-
moted to a Captaincy in 1862, and assigned to the command
of Company E of that regiment. In 1S63 he was promoted
to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 1S64, the 8th and
91b West Yiiginia Infantry regiments being consolidated by
order ol the Secretary of War, he was promoted to the
Colonelcy of the new regiment, l'or gallant and meritorious
services, on the held lie was brevetted Brigadier-General,
ami was mustered out in July, 1S63. General Enochs in
1S62 was with Fremont in his Shenandoah valley campaign,
participating in the battles of Cross Keys and Strasburg.
j He was with General Pope in his Virginia campaigns of
Freeman’s Ford, Sulphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, Second
I Battle of Bull Run, Chantilly. When his command re-
turned to West Virginia in 1863,111s regiment re-enlisted as
veterans, and in the spring of 1S64 he was with Crook and
Hunter in their raid to Lynchburg. Returning, he joined
Sheridan’s army at Harper’s Ferry, and was with Sheridan
in all his battles in the Shenandoah valley, Virginia, and
was severely wounded in the battle of Winchester, Sep-
tember 19th, 1864. lie was in active service from the be-
ginning to the close of the war. It is claimed by good
authority that his regiment was the best drilled and disci-
plined in the army. General Enochs studied law on the
march or in camp as he could, and on being mustered out,
entered the Cincinnati Law School, and graduated there in
1866. In 1S67 he commenced the practice of law. He
was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, where he served
during the sessions of 1S70 and 1871. This Legislature
passed the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the
United Stales, which measure was earnestly supported and
j voted for by the general. At the close of the session of
1871 he resinned the practice of law. General Enochs is
live feel eight inches high, and w eighs one hundred and
! seventy-five pounds, lie was married in 1S74 to Annis
Hamilton. They are now residents of the city of lronton.

NOCIIS, W. II., was born in what is now Noble
( I l-f"- county, Ohio, on March 29th, 1842. He is the
son of Henry Enochs, who was one of the first
while children in the boundaries of the above
county. The grandfather of the general was
Elisha, who settled near where the town of
Carlisle now stands. The grandfather was in the war
of 1813. The general was raised on a farm until lie was
eighteen years old, attending school in the winters only,
1 le taught school and went to college at the < )liio University ;

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3RANNIS, JOHN C., Lawyer, was born, Novem-
ber loth, 1821;, at Woodstock, Vermont, and is a
son of John Giannis, originally from Claremont,
New Hampshire. When very young the family
removed to Canada, where his father engaged in
mercantile pursuits, and was a member of the
Provincial Parliament. 1 Ie was a member of that body at
the outbreak of the rebellion of 1837-38, and during those
troubles removed to Ohio, locating at Oberlin. Young
Gramiis entered Oberlin College in 1841, and after pursuing

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340

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

the usual lour years’ course, graduated from that institution
in 1845. During the winter vacations he taught school in
order to meet the expenses' of his education. Alter gradu-
ating, he removed to Cleveland, where he entered the office
of Payne, Wilson iSi Wade, whom he had selected as his
preceptors in the study of the law. lie was admitted to the
bar in 1848, and shortly thereafter formed a copartnership
with lion. S. O. Griswold, with a view to the practice of his
profession. In 1852 he was elected City Attorney, to which
office he was re-elected. lie was appointed Collector of
Customs for the port of Cleveland by President Lincoln, and
was Presidential Elector in 1S72. The same year he was
elected a member of City Councils. At present (1S75) he is
engrossed by the duties of his profession. 1 1 is specialty is
admiralty practice, in which he stands very high. He was
married in 1856 to Flora M., daughter of O. J. Wheaton, of
Syracuse, New York, and is the father of four sons.

cCOOK, GENERAL ROBERT LATIMER, was
born in Columbiana county, Ohio, December 28th,
1827. 1 1 is father was Major Daniel McCook,

who gave to the service of the Union eight sons,
three of whom were killed, lie himself, although
old and infirm, entered the service after the mur-
der of his son Robert by guerillas, and was mortally wounded
by Morgan’s men at Buffington Island, July 21st, 1863.
Robert grew up a remarkably vigorous lad, mentally and
physically. Until the age of lilleen he attended school,
when he entered the office of his father, who was then Clerk
of the Court of Carroll county, as deputy. He was a grave
and studious boy, rather old-fashioned in his manner. I11
the office he became familiar with legal forms, and soon
conceived a strong liking for the law. lie was first placed
under the tutorship of Hon. Ephraim R. Eckley, but con-
cluded his studies at Steubenville, and began the practice
of law there. Rising steadily in his profession, he removed
to Columbus, and finally settled in Cincinnati, where he
formed a p nlnci'ship w it It Judge St alio, a prominent German
lawyer. The firm was in very successful' practice when the
war broke out. 1 1 is law business had brought him a large
practice and social acquaintance among the Germans, and
he was at once selected by them as commander of the first
German troops raised in Ohio. In April, 1861, he was
commissioned Colonel of the 9th Ohio Volunteers (three
months’ service). At the end of their term of service the
men re enlisted for three years. His regiment acquitted
itself with gallantry in several engagements, and he was
commissioned a llrigadior-General of Volunteers. Given a
brigade under General Buell, he insisted that his old com-
mand should be included therein. In his new position he
did good service. In the second year of the war he fell
sick with the camp dysentery, and was urged to leave the
service for a time. This he refused to do, and accompanied

his brigade in an ambulance. The guerilla Morgan had
commenced his depredations. The division of which the
sick general’s brigade was a part was ordered to go in pur-
suit. On the 5th ol August, 1862, while in the advance and
almost unprotected, his ambulance was surrounded by
guerillas. Although he oflered to surrender, he w as mor-
tally wounded by a shot from a weapon in the hands of a
guerilla named b rank Gurley. The assassins did not cap-
ture their victim, and he was carried to a neighboring house,
where, after being discovered by his command, he died on
the following day. This murder was one of the greatest
outrages perpetrated by the guerillas. He had great affec-
tion for the soldiers of the 9th Regiment, and they were
with difficulty restrained from perpetrating acts unworthy of
their record, in their strong desire for revenge.

ILLIKIN, COLONEL MINOR, was born in
Hamilton, Ohio, July 9th, 1834. 1 1 is father,

Major John M. Millikin, was a highly respected
citizen of the State, and for a long time President
of the Stale Board of Agriculture, lie attended
the high schools at Hamilton preparatory to enter-
ing college, and after a course at Hanover College, Indiana,
was graduated at the Miami University in 1854. At college
he was noted for his gentlemanly bearing, faultless toilet,
and chivalric tone. After leaving the university he entered
the Harvard Law School. In the school debates there he
took a prominent part, and on the question of slavery was
bold in his denunciation of the institution. In the follow-
ing year he entered the law office of his father’s friend, Hon.
Thomas Corwin, at Cincinnati, and a year later was married
to Miss Mollyneaux, of Oxford, to whom he had been en-
gaged while at college, and was absent for another year in
Europe on his bridal tour. On his return he purchased the
Hamilton Intelligencer, the Republican organ of his county,
and for the next two years edited it. He never intended to
practise the law, but nevertheless improved his knowledge
during this time. Disposing of his newspaper, he retired
to his farm near Hamilton, and was devoting his time to
improving it, when the war broke out. Though possessed
of wealth, and engaged in pursuits most to his taste, his
patriotic convictions led him to the field. He was a fine
horseman, and naturally he preferred the cavalry service. Re-
cruiting in this department was slow work, lie enlisted as
a private, and the government not furnishing horses in time,
he purchased twenty-four from his private purse. 11 is re-
cruits were merged into Captain Burdsall’s Cincinnati com-
pany, and he was presently made Sergeant, and then Lieu-
tenant. After three months’ service in West Virginia, he
was appointed Major of the first regiment of cavalry raised
in Ohio for the three years’ service. On the resignation of
the colonel he was appointed to fill the vacancy. Trouble
and jealousy were sown in this appointment, and a charge

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BIOGRAPHICAL. ENUVCI.OP. EDI \.

of incomjietency was made. lie appeared before a board
of regular army officers for examination, and triumphantly
received the warm indorsement ol the examiners as to I is
Illness. While ibis mailer was pending, be served on the
stall of Cenei.il ( hinge II. llinm.is, who was bis warm pel-
sonal friend, lie returned to his regiment after the exami-
nation, but he was not destined to remain at its head very
long. At the battle of Slone River he was detailed to repel
an attack of rebel cavalry in the rear, lie led a charge to
protect a train, and was surrounded by a superior force.
11 e refused to surrender, and encouraged bis men to cut their
way out. A fine swordsman, he was enabled to successfully
defend himself with his sabre. Enraged at this a rebel shot
him with a revolver. The body was recovered, but not before
it had been stripped of valuables. In a letter to his father,
General Thomas said ; “ It affords me the most sincere
pleasure to express to you, and to Mrs. Millikin, my utmost
confidence in him, both as a friend, and as a brave, accom-
plished and loyal officer — one on whose judgment and dis-
cretion I placed the greatest reliance. . . . While mourning
his loss, you have the consolation of knowing that he fell, a
Christian and patriot, gallantly defending the honor of his
country.”

’USTKR, GENERAL GEORGE A., was born at
New Rumley, Harrison county, Ohio, December
51b, 1S39. After receiving a fair education he
became a teacher. In 1857, through the influence
of lion. John A. Bingham, he was appointed to a
cadetship at West Point, entering the academy in
June. Eotir years later, in June, 1861, be was appointed
Second Lieutenant in Company G, Second United States
Cavalry, formerly commanded by Robert E. Lee. Leaving
the academy July 1 Slh , lS6l,he reported to General Scott
on the 201I1, the day preceding the battle of Bull Run. The
chief offered him the choice of a position on bis stalf, or of
joining his company, then under McDowell at Ccntreville.
Having a strong desire to be in active service, be chose the
latter, and started at once for the scene of the impending
battle, riding all night alone. Reaching head quarters early
in the morning, he delivered despatches from Scott to
McDowell, and partook of a hasty breakfast, lie then
joined his company, which was among the last to leave the
field on that fatal day, and which bore with it General
Ileintzelman, who had been wounded. He served with his
company until the lamented Kearney was appointed IJrig-
adiei-General of Volunteers, when he was appointed to his
stall. Here he remained until the order was issued pro-
hibiting regular army officers from doing staff duty, when he
returned to bis company, after receiving Haltering testimony
of bis efficiency. Moving with the army that followed up
the evacuation of Manassas, he was in the advance under
Stoneman, and made bis first cavalry charge at Catlett Sta-
tion. In this charge was drawn the first blood in the cam-

34 1

paign under McClellan. After the army had invested
Vorklown, he was detailed as Assistant Engineer, under
Sumner, in which position he threw up the nearest carlh-
wotk to the enemy's lines. He was in the advance under
Hancock m the pursuit of the enemy I10111 Vorklown, and
at Williamsburg he was an Aide-de-camp to that general, and
look the first battle-flag captured by the Army of the Potomac,
lie was the first to cross the Chickahominy, wading the
river in full view of the rebel pickets, and for his gallantry
was made a personal aide to McClellan, with the rank of
Captain, lie took part in the seven days’ battle, and
marked out the position occupied by the Union forces at the
battle of Gaines’ Mills, and participated in the campaign
ending with Antictam. When McClellan was relieved of
command, he accompanied him on his retirement, and was
not again in active service until the battle of Chancellors-
ville, in which he served as First Lieutenant, Company M,
Fifth Cavalry, his rank of Captain having been disallowed.
After this battle be was made a personal aide to General
Pleasanton, and participated in numerous cavalry engage-
ments. When Pleasanton was made a Major-General, and
placed in command of a cavalry corps, upon his recom-
mendation, strongly indorsed by Hooker and Meade,
his young aide-de-camp was made a Brigadier General,
and assigned to a brigade composed of Michigan cavalry.
At the battle of Gettysburg his services were very con-
spicuous, his greatest achievement being the utter rout of
Hampton's division of cavalry, which was trying to reach
the train Aif the Union army. I11 this battle he had two
horses shot under him. In the retreat of the rebels he was
sent to harass their rear, and captured eighteen hundred
prisoners, besides destroying Ewell’s entire train. In an
engagement at Hagerstown he again had his horse shut
under him, and at Falling Waters he attacked the enemy’s
entire rear-guard, killing its commander, and capturing
thirteen hundred prisoners, four battle-flags, two pieces ol
cannon, and utterly routing it. During the ensuing fall he
was constantly worrying the enemy with raids and skirmish-
ing, and in the winter was engaged in picketing the Raj idan
between the two armies. In the spring he took |>art in the
battle of the Wilderness, and early in May set out with
Sheridan on his raid toward Richmond. In the advance
as usual he captured Beaver Dam, burned the station with
considerable supplies, and released a large number of Union
prisoners. Rejoining Grant on the Pamunkey, he was again
in the front, and had another horse shot under him. Being
sent out to surprise the enemy’s rear at Trevillian Station,
he was so unfortunate, through the failure of another com-
mand to co-operate, as to be surrounded. With five brigades
against him, he fought desperately for three hours. One of
his guns was captured t\\ ice, and each time retaken. The
color-bearer was killed, but the general saved the flag from
cajrture by tearing it from the standard and concealing it
about his person. The arrival of the tardy reinforcements
enabled him to extricate himself from his perilous jiosition.

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RlOGRAPIllCAI, ENCYt L( lI’.EHIA.

3(2 '

In Sheridan’s great work in the Shenandoah valley lie made
a b'illiant record, excelled only by bin commander. W hen
the former reached the end <d Ids famous idle, his first
■Ildcis were, "tin III, ('ll. ter.” In ln- went, and with Midi
dash and effect that he captured lolly-live out ol the entire
number of forty-eight pieces of artillery taken from the
enemy, besides several hundred prisoners, including a
Major-General. For this achievement he was brevelted a
Major-General of Volunteers, and was further honored by
being detailed to bear the report of the battle and the cap-
tured tlags to Washington. Oa the 9th of October, 1S64,
he routed the rebel General Rosser, capturing six pieces of
artillery, two battle-flags, his entire train, and a large num-
ber of prisoners. Again, in the winter, he attacked, with a
force of one thousand, a force of two thousand under Jubal
Early. A rout aiui pursuit resulted in the capture of
eighteen hundred prisoners, eleven battle-flags, fourteen
pieces of artillery, and a large wagon train, including Early’s
private baggage. Early made a narrow escape himself.
The Union loss was one man killed and four Wounded.
He did noble service in the encircling of Richmond. At
the battle of Dinwiddie Court House his division reached
the held when the Federal troops were slowly losing ground.
Ordering the band to strike up a national air, he charged
the advancing column so impetuously that it retreated back-
ward over the lost ground. At Sailor’s Creek, Sheridan or-
dered Crook and Met rill to break the enemy’s line and del ly
his retreat. Their efforts were not effectual. Sheridan called
for Custer, at the same time making a characteristic remark
w ith regard to his mettle. His division threw themselves
savagely upon the enemy, actually leaping their horses over
the breastworks. In this, his greatest cavalry charge, the cap-
tures consisted of seven general officers — among them Cuslis,
son of R. E. Lee, Ewell, and a brother of the pirate
Semmes— sixteen pieces of artillery, thirty-one battle-flags,
and live thousand prisoners. After the charge, the hero of
it rode by Sheridan and a number of other officers of rank,
when three rousing cheers were given for him. He was in
the advance when Lee’s surrender took place, and was the
first to receive the white ling sent in by the rebel com-
mander. He still possesses this trophy. 'After the sur-
render, General Sheridan purchased the table upon which
the terms were m ule, and presented it to Mrs. Custer, with
these lilting words :

My Dkaii Madam: Permit me to present to you the table
upon which were signed the terms of surrender of the army
of Northern Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee; ami,
in conclusion, let me add, that 1 know of no person more
instrumental in bringing about this most desirable event
than your own most gallant husband.

For his distinguished services in these closing scenes of
the war he was promoted to a Major-Generalship of Volun-
teers. After the grand review he went with Sheridan to the
Military Division of the Gulf, where he w'as assigned to an
important command in Texas. In February, 1866, he was

mustered out of the volunteer service and returned to the
regular army. He was, when appointed General, the
youngest officer ol his rank in the aiuiy, and, after Sheridan,
the most dashing cavalryman. He licvci lost a gun 01 a
color, and captured more l ags, piisoners, and munitions of
war than any other officer not in command of an army.
These were all captured in actual light, and not in aban-
doned forts or arsenals. His appearance is thus described
in Colonel Newhall’s “ With Sheridan in Lee’s Last Cam
paign : ”

“ At the head of the horsemen rode Custer, of the
golden locks, his broad sombrero turned up Iroin bis hard,
bronzed face, the ends of bis crimson cravat hunting over
his shoulders, gold galore spangling his jacket-sleeves, a
pistol in his boot, jangling spurs on Ids heels, and a pon-
derous claymore swinging at his side, a wild, dare-devil of
a general, and a prince ol advance guards, quick to see and
act.”

In politics the general made himself more conspicuous
after the war tlidn most prominent regular army officers, lie
sympathized with Andrew Johnson, and accompanied him
on his famous trip, lie also took an active part in the
Philadelphia Union Convention in 18(16, and in the Sol-
diers’ Convention at Cleveland afterward. lint of late years
lie has had but little to say in these matters. He lias been
brevelted a Major-General in the regular army. Since the
war he has done good service in the Indian country, lie and
Sheridan and Crook being the best Indian fighters in the
army.

tfl-IURMAN, IION. ALLEN G., Lawyer, Judge,
and United States Senator, was born in Lynch-
burg, Virginia, on November 13th, 1813. His
father was Rev. P. Thurman; his mother the
only daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Allen, of
North Carolina, nephew and adopted son of
Joseph Ilcwes, one of the signers of the Declaration of In-
dependence. In 1819 his parents removed to Chillicollic,
Ohio, and he resided there until 1S53, when he removed to
Columbus, his present resilience. He was educated at the
Chillicollic Academy, and by the private instruction of his
mother, lie studied law with liis uncle, William Allen,
then United Slates Senator, and later Governor of Ohio, and
with Noah II. Swayne, now a Justice of the Supreme Court
of the United States. He was admitted to the bar in 1S35,
and practised bis profession until he was elected a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1851. He was Chief Justice
if that court from 1854 to 1856, when his term of service
expired. Previous to his election as Judge he had served in
the House of Representatives for the Twenty-ninth Congress,
having been elected a member in 1844. In 1867 lie was
the Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio, and was
beaten less than 3000 votes, although the Republican ma-
jority the year before was 43,000. I11 January, 186S, lie

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

343

was elected a Senator of the United States, and took his
seat M irc li 41 li, 1869. In January, 1874, ho was re-eleeted.
lie was married in November, 1844, to Mary, daughter ol
the late Waller Hun, of Payette county, Kentucky. After
retiring from the Supreme Bench he resumed the practice ol
his profession at Columbus, and was engaged as counsel in
the Supreme Court in many of the leading cases from all
over the State. “ The Ohio Reports,” containing his deci-
sions during the live years he was judge, had given him great
reputation as a sound lawyer and jurist, and his opinion on
important legal questions was much sought after and relied
upon by attorneys practising in the Supreme Court, and
hence he was retained as co-counsel in most of the important
cases. He has always been a very laborious student, and
indefatigable in the thorough preparation of his cases, and a
forcible and direct speaker, who wastes no time on imma-
terial points. He has always been a Democrat of the
straitest sect, and not inclined to run after temporary expe-
dients in politics. He firmly believes that the safety of the
country in a great measure depends upon the preservation
of the organization of the Democratic party. At the same
time he is liberal and courteous in his treatment of political
opponents. While serving in the Twenty-ninth Congress,
with many other Northern Democrats he voted for the
“ Wilmot Proviso,” extending the anti-slavery provision
of the ordinance of 1 7S7 to our newly acquired Mexican
territory. He was opposed to the repeal of the “ Missouri
Compromise,” because he believed it was a fair settlement
of controverted queslio is, the reopening of which would
cause the sectional struggle which has since deluged the
country with blood. On all the exciting questions of that
era he always took a decided and manly stand, speaking
out his opinions unhesitatingly, and doing his best to
secure their settlement in the interests of the national
welfare. He has always been opposed to the doctrine
of nullification and secession, as the platforms of his
party iif Ohio, drawn in many cases by him, have re-
peatedly declared. The gubernatorial contest in 1867,
wherein the negro suffrage question was an issue, brought
him prominently before the people as a rising national man.
In that canvass he spent over four months on, the stump and
carried the Legislature in both branches for his party, and
defeated negro suffrage by over 50,000 votes in one of the
strongest Republican States in the Union. On the meeting
of the Legislature, after a very exciting contest , he was nomi-
nated by the Democratic caucus for United States Senator
over Vallandigham, by a vote of two to one. Since his
election to the Senate, no man has risen more rapidly in
public estimation. Though in a minority of scarcely one-
tiflli in the Senate, he has exercised great influence, and ob-
tained among the thinking of all parties the character of a
pure and honest politician, who would expose fraud and
corruption, no matter whom the exposure might hit. Every
year lie has taken an active part in stumping the State, and
in planning the campaigns of his party. In 1873 he suc-

ceeded in carrying the Legislature, which secured his re-elec-
tion to the Senate, though the Stale the year before had
given General Grant near ly 40, ooo majority for Resident.
Ex Senator Allen, his uncle, was elected Governor, though
the balance ol the Republican ticket succeeded by a majority
of less than 1000 votes. This result, indicating the com-
mencement of a revolution in politics, and mainly brought
about in Ohio by Senator Thurman’s abiding faith in the
Democratic organization, and skill and tenacity in holding
his parly in line after the disorganizing results of the Greeley
campaign, has caused his name to be mentioned in connec-
tion with the Presidency. It is not improbable that he may
be the candidate of his party in 1876. I le has, however,
never allowed his head to be turned by the bauble of the
Presidency, and never was know n to allude to it, even
amongst his most intimate friends. The talk about any
public man for President long in advance is apt to kill him
off ; but those who know Senator Thurman best do not be-
lieve he would, in his political course, swerve a hair’s-
breadlh from his convictions of right even to be President.
He would rather stand before the country as the bold and
upright Senator, in this age of corruption and truckling
politicians.

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'ORYEI.L, IION. JAMES I.., Lawyer, Judge of
the Probate Court of Adams county, Ohio, was
born near West Union, Adams county, Ohio,
Eebruary 221I, 1830. He was the oldest child in
a family of three children, whose parents were
Sahilhicl Coryell and Nancy (Holmes) Coryell.
1 1 is father, a native of Mason county, Kentucky, followed
through life principally agricultural pursuits. In 1801 he
settled in Adams county, near West Union, where he re-
sided until his demise in 1838. I le was a member of the old
Coryell family, which in days long gone by lived at Coryell
Kerry, on the Delaware river, New Jersey, llis mother, a
native of Adams county, Ohio, was a daughter of James
Holmes, an early pioneer and one of the original settlers of
this county. She died in June, 1S74. Until he was twenty
years of age, his days were spent alternately in working on a
farm during the summer months, and in attending a country
school in the winter season. He then assumed the role of
educator in a school in Adams county, Ohio, where, with
the exception of a period of six months passed in Sciota
county, he was assiduously engaged in pursuing the vocation
of teacher. During these years he applied himself wisely
and persevcringly to the task— to him an agreeable one — of
accumulating knowledge, and, by a well-directed course of
study and reading, greatly enlarged the boundaries of his
literary attainments. Kor two years he acted as School Ex-
aminer of Adams county. In the fall of 1859 he was elected
County Auditor, was re-elected to the same position in
1861, and held the office for four years. In 1864 lie was
elected Justice of the Peace, and, with the duties of that

1

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344

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

office and ihe practice of surveying, was afterward constantly
engaged for about six years. In 1869 lie was elected Pro-
bale Judge of Adams county; was re-elected in 1872 and
in 1S75, and is still employed in the pel for malice of the
functions attached to this position. 1 laving in preceding
years directed his attention to the study of law, and thus
qualified himself for its practice, he was admitted to the bar
in 1875. Politically, his principles link him with the Demo-
cratic party, while his religious views are expressed in the
creed of the Presbyterian Church. lie was married in 1854
to Mary McGranagan, a native of Virginia, who died in
1S66. He was again married in 1869 to Hannah (Briggs)
McFerren.

ARRERE, BENJAMIN, Vice-President of the
Hillsborough National Bank, was born in New
Market, the first county-seat of Highland county,
Ohio, February 25th, 1S12. lie was the ninth
child in a family of twelve children, whose parents
were George \Y. Barrere and Abigail (Mills) Bar-
rere. 1 1 is father was a native of the city of Wheeling, Vir-
ginia, where he was born March 161I1, 1770; through life,
at different periods, he was a farmer, surveyor and merchant;
he settled in Highland county, Ohio, in 1803, and served
as the first deputy surveyor in the military district of which
that county was a part ; for a number of years he was Justice
of the Peace ; was a member of the Ohio Senate for nine
years, and for fourteen years presided as one of the Associate
Judges; from 1791 to 1795 he was an active participant in
the Indian war; was an actor at St. Clair’s defeat, and
fought under Wayne in the battle of Fallen Timbers ; he
served as a Captain in the war of 1C12, and was present at
the surrender of General Hull; for a number of years also
he was intimately identified with the public enterprises of
Highland county ; he died March 81I1, 183s. 1 1 is mother

was a daughter of Thomas Mills, an early pioneer of Mason
county, Kentucky, who constructed the Indian fort known
as Mills’ Station. Until his fifteenth year was attained his
days were consumed alternately in attendance at school
through the winter season and in working on a farm during
the summer months. In 1S27 he moved to Hillsborough,
where lie found employment as clerk in a general store,
lie was engaged at this occupation until 1834, when he
entered into business life on his own account at New
M irket, and there prosecuted successfully a fair trade as a
general storekeeper until 1845. In that year he removed to
Ripley, Ohio, where, in association with 1). II. Murphy, in
the same kind of business, he remained until 184S, the dale
of his return to’ Hillsborough. In the winter of 1854, the
intervening years having been passed in mercantile opera-
tions, he associated himself in partnership w'lh John A.
Smith and lion. Nelson Barrere, his brother, and established
a private bank, under the firm-style of Barrere 8: Co. This
was the first bank started in Hillsborough, and to ils pro-

prietors, accordingly, must be awarded the title of the
pioneer bankers of Highland county. In the spring of
18(15 the Bank of Barrere «S: Co. was merged in the Hills-
borough National Bank, and now exists, prosperous through
the able management of ils controllers, with him as ils Vice-
President; John A. Smith occupying its Presidential chair.
He was one of the originators of the Ripley and Hillsbor-
ough Turnpike, and until it passed into the hands of the
county in 1874 was one of its most influential Directors.
He was an early advocate and supporter of the Hillsborough
& Cincinnati Railroad, and for a number of years was one
of its Directors. In all important measures ami movements
relating to the educational improvement and political de-
velopment of his State and county he has uniformly taken a
zealous interest, and is widely recognized as a valuable pub-
lic colaborer and ally. F’or several years he presided as
magistrate of New Market, but has ever steadily refrained
from entering the arena of political contention and partisan
warfare. He is attached to the Republican party, and cast
his first vote for General Harrison. Religiously, his views
are hedged about by the creed or doctrines of no particular
church. He was married, November 8th, 1836, to Mary
Carlyle, of Fairfield county, Ohio, daughter of Judge
Thomas J. Carlyle, and by her has had eight children.

JONG, HON. ALEXANDER, was born in Green-
ville, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, December
24th, 1S16. He was educated at Cary’s Acad-
emy (afterwards Farmer’s College), at College
Hill, Hamilton county, Ohio; taught school in
the same county for eight years ; adopted the law
as a profession, which he has practised successfully in Cin-
cinnati since 1S52. He was elected to the Ohio Legislature
in 1S48; re-elected in 1S49, and in 1862 was elected a
Representative from the Second Congressional District of
Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee of Claims. During the first session of the Thirty-
eighth Congress he made a speech in opposition to the war,
which was published throughout the country, and was the
subject of general comment by the press both North and
South. On the day following its delivery, Schuyler Colfax,
who was at the time Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives, left the Speaker’s chair, came down on Ihe floor and
introduced a resolution for his expulsion. A protracted dis-
cussion upon the merits of the speech and the freedom of
debate thereupon ensued, and which occti| ied the House,
to the exclusion of rdl other business, for five days, when the
resolution of expulsion was withdrawn and one of censure
substituted therefor, which was finally adopted by a majority
of eleven votes, lie was a delegate to the Chicago Con-
vention in 1864, and made a speech therein against the
nomination of General McClellan. He advocated the
nomination of the late Chief Justice Chase by the Demo-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

345

crnlic Convention in New York in 1S6S; opposed the nomi-
nation of Horace Greeley in 1S72, and lias not voted at a
Presidential election .since I.Sfio. lie is idcntilied with and
takes an active inlciesl in the pnlilie schools of Cincinnati,
holding ;tt the present time the positions of member of the
Board of Education, President of the Board of Examiners
and Trustee of the Public Library.

NDREWS, 1I0N. SHERLOCK J., Lawyer and
Statesman, was born in Wallingford, New Haven
county, Connecticut, November 17th, 1801. His
father, Ur. John Andrews, was a prominent physi-
cian of Wallingford, and in later years a resident
of Cleveland. The son prepared for college in
the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire, Connecticut. He then
entered Union College, where he graduated in 1S21. He
studied law and attended the Law School in New Haven,
at the same time discharging the duties of Assistant Pro-
fessor of Chemistry under the celebrated Benjamin Sillitnan,
who in his diary has paid a glowing tribute of praise to his
young associate for his ability and superior qualities of mind
ami heart. He thus continued in his studies of law and
sciences until he was admitted to the bar. He removed to
Cleveland in 1S25, and began the practice of law in con-
nection with Judge Samuel Cowles. In 1828 he married
Ursula Allen, of Litchfield, Connecticut, daughter of John
Allen, a member of Congress of that State, and sister of
Hon. John W. Allen, of Cleveland. When Judge Cowles
retired from the profession, he formed a partnership with
John A. Foot and James M. Hoyt, the firm being Andrews,
Loot & Hoyt, for many years one of the most prominent
among the general practitioners in northern Ohio. In 1840
he was elected to represent the Cleveland District in Con-
gress. He served through the Twenty-seventh Congress,
when poor health compelled hint to retire from such active
public life and from the more active part of the labors of his
profession. In 1S48 he was elected Judge of the Superior
Court of Cleveland, a court of exclusively commercial and
civil jurisdiction. He was in 1S49 chosen a member of the
Convention to form the New Constitution of Ohio, and did
distinguished service as a member of the Committees on
Judiciary, Revision and Temperance. The new Constitu-
tion having revised the judiciary system and dispensed with
the Superior Court, he was from that time engaged as counsel
and advocate in leading cases in the Federal and State courts
till the year 1873, when he was again chosen as one of the
members of the Convention to revise the Constitution of
the State. Here again his long experience, ripe wisdom
and great abilities were sought in aid of the solution of the
great problem of tin improvement of the judiciary system,
and he was made Chairman of the committee having this
subject in charge. As an advocate he has stood for forty
years in the front rank of the bar of Ohio. He is rarely, if
44

ever, surpassed in the skilful use of all the weapons known
to effective debate. As a technical pleader, though he stood
high there were others in the circuit equally gifted. But in
a cause where his convictions of justice and of legal rights
were fixed, there was not among his contemporaries in the
courts of the State an advocate whose efforts were so nearly
irresistible before a jury. As a Judge, he commanded the
respect of all by his learning and fairness, and won the re-
gard of the younger members of the profession by his en-
couragement and kindness. Although the contested cases
during his occupation of the bench must have numbered
thousands, there is but a single record of a reversal of his
decision by the higher court, and that through a clerical
error. In politics he has acted with the Whig and Repub-
lican parties; he has not, however, always approved the
extreme measures of his party. This was appreciated by
his fellow citizens in 1873, when both the Republican and
Democratic parties nominated and elected him to the State
Constitutional Convention. Measuring him by the highest
standard of true eminence and success, his sterling integrity,
purity of example, his pride in the high character to be main-
tained by the legal fraternity, and his long career, untarnished
by a slain, must, after all, be regarded as having given bright
lustre to his abilities and enduring brilliancy to a long series
of public services in judicial and legislative spheres. Though
more than threescore and ten, he is occupying his place
among the leading members of the Ohio bar, youthful in
appearance, elastic in spirits, and vigorous and strong in the
exercise of those qualities which have distinguished him
through life.

iCK, HON. ERASMUS D., M. D., Physician,
Merchant and Manufacturer, was born, September
1 6th, 1808, in Stafford, Connecticut. He received
his elementary education in the common schools
G/'r, J of his section, which was supplemented by an
academical course. He commenced the study
of medicine in 1824, and attended the medical lectures de-
livered at Yale College during 1S26, and subsequently at
the Berkshire Medical College, from which latter school he
graduated in 1S27. He removed to Portage county, Ohio,
in 182S, and practised medicine front three to five years at
Franklin in that county. He went to Perrysburg, Wood
county, January 1st, 1834, and has been engaged in the
practice of his profession in and around that locality for over
forty years; and has likewise been actively interested in the
business and growth of that town, having been engaged in
not only the drug and medicine trade, but also in selling
dry goods, millinery, etc., besides operating a farm. He is
now carrying on the pine and hardwood lumber business ;
is the owner and operator of a planing-mill, w here nil de-
scriptions of building material is manufactured, besides
doing a general hardware trade. In political faith he is a
Republican, but never a politician. He served in the Ohio

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Legislature from 1855 to 1859 inclusive. lie was ap-
pointed Examining Surgeon for the army and pensions
before and during the late war. lie was elected to the
Forty-first Congress, to till the vacancy occasioned by the
death of lion. T. II. lloag, in 1870, and was re-elected to
the l'orty-second Congress, by a majority of 1060 votes over
Lockwood, Democrat. He received from his townsmen
all but 53 votes in a total vote of 900. He was married
to Mary Thorndike, daughter of Dr. Luke Lincoln, of
lirimiield, Portage county, ( )hio, who died at Washington,
District of Columbia, January 201I1, 1873; married again
to Mrs. E. T. Robertson, of Waterloo, Iowa, September
24th, 1S74.

RENCIT, JAMES JACKSON, Lawyer and ex-
Judge of Common Pleas, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, in September, 1S20, his parents
) being of American birth, but of English and Irish
y1 descent. 1 1 is elementary education was received
at a boarding-school, and subsequently he was
prepared by preceptors and private tutors for Harvard Col-
lege. In due time he entered that institution, passed with
honor through its course of study, and graduated in 1S42.
Immediately after leaving college he commenced the study
of law, in Dane Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
lie left the school eventually, attd completed his legal
studies with Hon. Richard Fletcher, afterwards Associate
Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, lie was
admitted to the bar of Massachusetts in 1845, commenced
the practice of his profession in his native city, and for nine
years continued to practise there with success. During his
professional career in that city he was engaged in a very
important case, anti submitted his argument to the court in
writing, and such were the learning, skill, anti legal ability
manifested in the effort, that he not only received the cor-
dial and friendly congratulations of his professional brethren,
but compliments of the Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, ex-
pressed in terms of the warmest approbation, were conveyed
to him through Judge Bigelow, himself subsequently Chief-
Justice of the Supreme Court. After nine years of Boston
practice he removed to Toledo, Ohio, bearing with him a
high and well-earned reputation, and the warm regards of
all with whom he had been associated in his native city.
He at once entered upon a successful practice in Toledo,
and immediately took rank as a leading lawyer at the bar
of that city. In 1874 he was appointed by Governor Allen
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas county. 1 1 is
performance of the duties devolving upon him in this posi-
tion demonstrated that he not only possessed the attributes
of a brilliant advocate and sound counsellor, but also judi-
cial abilities of the highest order, and gave him rank as one
of the ablest jurists of his adopted State. 1 1 is decisions
were always characterized by judicial fairness, and evi-
denced careful thought, deep study, practical ability, and

unflinching integrity. lie was nominated for a return to
the same position in 1875, but owing to party considerations
which not even his eminent fitness could overweigh, he
was defeated, in common with the entire Democratic ticket,
and he retired from the bench. He was strongly urged by
the leading members of the bar in the Northwest for ap-
pointment on the Judicial Commission for the State of Ohio.
It is not only as a lawyer and a judge that he has won the
high esteem of the public. 1 1 is integrity and rare personal
qualities have gained for him universal respect ; his scholarly
attainments, legal learning and ability, and fine literary
acquirements challenge admiration, and his genial manners,
unvarying courtesy, and generous, hearty, social bearing,
gain the still warmer regards of those fortunate enough to
be thrown into more intimate relations with him. In per-
son he is tall and slender, of graceful bearing, and of pre-
possessing appearance. In early life his religious views
were modelled upon those of Theodore Parker, who "was at
that lime so potent a moral and intellectual power. But in
1S63 he became a member of the Roman Catholic Church,
in which faith he now continues, upright and conscientious.
He is a bachelor.

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cCUNE, ROBERT, Clergyman and Journalist, was
born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December
17th, 1S25. lie remained there until he had
reached manhood, acquiring his education in the

public schools of the city, and in select schools
which he attended from time to time. One very
important educational experience was the training and dis-
cipline which he received during a period of three years
passed in a printing office. From early youth he had held
the purpose of becoming a pulpit teachor, and accordingly,
when he was twenty-one years of age, he entered the
ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist denomination. He
labored in this capacity until he had reached his thirty-
fourth year, when he united with the Congregational
Church. In the meantime he had removed to Mansfield,
Ohio, and was putting to practical account his early jour-
nalistic training. In 1853 he connected himself with the
Chris/iun Statesman at Mansfield. He retained his con-
nection with this paper until 1S56. Then he removed to
North Fairfield, Huron county, Ohio, and became associated
with the Gazette of that place. This connection continued
until 1858. From North Fairfield he removed to Toledo,
where he at present resides, and from there entered the
army, in 1862, bearing President Lincoln’s commission as
army chaplain, lie remained in the service in that capacity
until the end of the war, in 1865, when he returned to
Toledo. In 1868 he became managing editor of the
Toledo Blade, a position which he continued to occupy,
and to occupy most satisfactorily, until 1872. A man of
such varied and continued activity would almost as a mat-
ter of course bring a portion of his energy into the field of

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BIOGRAPHICAL

politics, and lie lias done this. His political faith Inids ex-
pression in the Republican creed, and he has served the
paity, or rather has set veil with the parly, actively and
effectively. In lSbO he was elected a member ol the House
of Representatives of the General Assembly ol Ohio, and
served there through the term with ability and, what is far
better, with integrity. In 1S72 he left the office of the
7 olt'tlo BItulc to enter upon the duties of Appraiser of Mer-
chandise, to which position he had been appointed, and
which he still holds. He was married on August 1st, 184S,
to Caroline 11. Smith.

.RANGER, VOLENTINE WHITMAN, Woollen
Draper and Merchant Tailor, and Dealer in
Gents’ Furnishing Goods, was born in Coventry,
Portage county, Ohio, February 25th, 1S26. 1 1 is

education was received in the common schools
located at Middlcbury, near Akron, Ohio. He
remained with his parents until he was about twelve years
of age, then commenced to learn the trade of tailor, under
the control of his brother, with whom he was connected
for about live years. In 1S45 he went to New York,
for the purpose of perfecting his knowledge of the vari-
ous branches of his calling. His purpose accomplished,
be removed to Akron, Ohio, where, in company with his
brother, and under the firm-name of Granger 6c Brother, he
established himself in business, which was assisted with
moneys advanced by his friends. I11 the spring of 1849,
immediately after his marriage, which took place May 7th,
1S49, he moved to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged in business
in conjunction with his brother, under the firm-style, of
Granger & Brother. In 1862, at the dissolution of partner-
ship relations, he purchased the entire interest of his brother,
and continued business operations for himself, by his own
unassisted resources. At the present time he stands at the
head of his business in Ohio, and is recognized by the
general community as a useful citizen and an enterprising
and reliable merchant. He took an active part in military
preparations during the war, and was always earnest and
energetic in his endeavors to promote the interests and
welfare of the national government. As his ancestors had
done before him in the perilous days of revolutionary strife,
so did he during the dark times of the rebellion, and was
tireless in his efforts to assist in securing the final victory to
the Union. He was a member of the Whig party, and
since its dissolution has been an earnest Republican. He
was married at Akron, Ohio, in 1849, to Etneline F.
Dodge, daughter of Nathan Brown Dodge; the fruits of
this marriage have been two daughters and one son. Aside
from his success as a merchant, Mr. Granger has contributed
to Toledo’s prosperity, by judicious investments in real
estate, which are an ornament to the city. In his social
relations no one in Toledo ranks higher, and he enjoys the
confidence and esteem of its best and ablest citizens

ENCYC LOP/EDI A. 347

v. /T^Ol' 1< M AN, BENJAMIN h., Lawyer and ex-Judge,
was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, on
January 25th, 1812. 1 1 is father, Joseph Hoffman,

and his mother, were of German descent, lie
was educated in his native county at the common
schools and at select schools in West Chester,
Strodesville, and Marshallton, although until the age of
nineteen he had to do more or less work upon his father’s
farm. .He moved with his parents to Trumbull county,
Ohio, in 1833; studied law with Hon. David Tod, subse-
quently Governor of the State; graduated from the Cincin-
nati Law School in 1836, and was admitted to the bar in
Cincinnati. Thereupon he formed a partnership with his
former preceptor at Warren, Ohio, and has practised law
ever since. Attending studiously to his profession, anil
practising industriously in the county courts, he gradually
acquired an excellent connection. From 1838 to June,. 1841,
he served the public faithfully as Postmaster at Warren ; and
from February 9th, 1S57, to February 9th, 1862, as Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas. During Governor Tod’s
administration he acted as that official’s Private Secretary.
Born a Pennsylvania Democrat, in 1836-37 he espoused
the anti-slavery cause; moved successively with the Liberty,
the Free-Soil, and the Republican parties until slavery was
abolished and the country free. He is still a Republican.
So far as his resources would permit he has co operated in
all enterprises calculated to develop the resources of his sec-
tion; as, for instance, the Pennsylvania & Ohio Canal, the
Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, and, more recently,
the Second National Bank of Youngstown. He has been
twice married. 1 1 is first wife and family are all deceased.
1 1 is second wife is still living, and with her he has one
child. For some years he ''has resided in Youngstown,
where he is highly respected for his abilities and personal
worth.

I^INNEY, COLONEL P., President of the Kinney
National Bank of Portsmouth, Ohio, was born in

fil

Pi

Scioto county in the same State, December 1 6th ,
1805, and is now the oldest native resident in
that county. His father moved from Sunbury,
Pennsylvania, to Scioto county, in October, 1805,
settling on a farm near Portsmouth. 1 1 is opportunities for
receiving an education were limited, being such as were
afforded in the early frontier schools ; and limited as they
were, they were often interrupted by the demands on his
labor and skill in the work of cultivating his father’s farm.
In 1820 his father loaded a flat-boat with farm produce, and
sent it to New Orleans, his son being in charge as super-
cargo. The long voyage of two thousand miles was safely
though slowly made, and was followed by others in suc-
ceeding years. In 1829 he started in a mercantile career,
in the copartnership of Gates & Kinney, and in 1832 com-
menced private banking. For a number of years he was

1

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

successfully engaged in this business, his hanking house
being known us that of Kinney A Co. In 1S51, associated
evith some other enterprising citizens, he conceived and
carried out the idea ol constructing the Scioto & llocking
Valley Railroad, having its southern terminus at Ports-
mouth. lie was made the Treasurer of the company, ne-
gotiated its bonds, purchased the iron for the road-bed, and
saw the great undertaking, materially advanced by his
energy, brought to completion and resulting in the rapid
development of the country which it traversed. It is still
the only railroad in the county. In 1855, having purchased
the controlling stock in the Bank of Portsmouth, which
was a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, he was made its
Cashier, ami conducted its affairs with great ability up to
1861. Early in the fall of that year he was authorized to
raise a three-years’ regiment, and rapidly accomplished
that labor. It was mustered in as the 56th Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, and, with Mr. Kinney as its Colonel, took the field
m season to participate in the important campaign which
began with the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, and
included in its successes Pittsburgh Landing, the siege of
Corinth and the fall of Memphis. lie then took his com-
mand to Helena, Arkansas, where the regiment rendered
brilliant services and greatly added to its high reputation
by its conduct in the Vicksburg campaign and its partici-
pation in the operations and engagements in the Teche and
Red river countries. Here, after two years of exposure in
the field, Colonel Kinney was compelled to resign, a cancel-
having formed on his face and spreading rapidly. He was,
upon his return home, successfully treated, and upon his
recovery went back to his old position of Cashier in the
Bank of Portsmouth, which in 1S63 was merged into the
Portsmouth National Bank, of which he was chosen Presi-
dent. In 1S67 he sold his stock interest in the institution
and became one of the excursionists in the “Quaker City”
to the Holy Land. While absent he visited all the leading
European and Eastern countries, in addition to Palestine.
Upon his return he organized the Bank of Portsmouth,
under a charter of the State, and became its President, lie
continued in his connection with this institution until 1S72,
when, under the authority of the National Banking act, he
organized the Kinney National Bank, and was chosen its
President, his son, J. W. Kinney, being installed as Cashier.
They still retain their respective positions. Colonel Kin-
ney has been for many years a prominent member of the
Episcopal Church in good standing, and has aided practi-
cally, to a considerable extent, the missionary and charitable
purposes which it controls. I11 1856 he erected Christ
Church, in Portsmouth, at a cost of eight thousand dollars.
For twenty-one years he was a member of the City Council,
and for a major portion of this extended period its Presi-
dent. In this position he gave evidence of progressive
public spirit, and advocated and helped carry out many
public improvements and projects to enhance the material
as well as the moral well-being of his fellow-citizens.

Than this he has held no other civil office. He is widely
known as an able and sagacious financier, and as a man of
liberal views and noble impulses, lie has amassed a very
large fortune, and resides in a handsome suburban mansion
situated within a short distance of where he was born. De-
is still in the possession of strong mental and physical
vigor, and attends with close attention to the discharge of
the important trusts confided to him.

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iUNGREN, SAMUEL SMITH, Physician and
Surgeon, was born in York county, Pennsylvania,
August 22d, 1S27. He is of Swedish origin, his
grandfather, a native of Sweden, having settled
in America in ante-Revolutionary times, and es-
tablished the first paper mill upon Chester creek,
at a point below the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
His early life was spent in the vicinity of and within the
Quaker City, where he obtained his elementary education
in the common schools. While he was in the neighbor-
hood of his sixteenth year he entered the drug house. of
French & Richards, in Philadelphia, on the corner of Tenth
and Market streets, and remained there until he had al-
most attained his majority. While thus employed he had
charge of the retail department of the establishment, and in
his leisure hours devoted his attention to the study o'f medi-
cine, and also the acquiring of Latin and French in the
night schools of the city. In October, 1S4S, he became a
student at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; at-
tended a course of lectures at this institution, and graduated
there in March, 1850. Leaving Pennsylvania he then
moved to Hagerstown, Maryland, where he was engaged
in the practice of his profession during the ensuing two
years. He subsequently became, after mature study and
reflection, a convert to the system of I lahnemann, and at-
tended lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Philadelphia, whence he graduated in March, 1852. He
afterward continued to practise in accordance with the
tenets of the new system in Hagerstown, Maryland, until
November, 1S60, when, desiring to enter into a more ex-
tended field of action, he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where
he now resides, constantly and assiduously engaged in pro-
fessional labors, and in possession of the respect and con-
fidence of a community who recognize in him a skilful and
able practitioner. He is confessedly one of the leading
physicians and surgeons in the city and State of his adop-
tion, and has performed various surgical operations which
have been cited as the most remarkable cases of the kind
in Ohio and the Northwest. He devotes himself more par-
ticularly to uterine surgery, and in this branch of medical
science has, often under circumstances of peculiar and
perilous delicacy, encountered notable success. His re-
markably successful “ case of Cai-sarean section ” was
crowned with the happiest results, “ both mother and child

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JilOGRAI’IIICAL ENCYCI.Ol'/KDIA.

3V)

being saved.” '1 lie result in licit operation was (hie in a
great measure hi li is use (probably the Inst on record) of
silver wile sut it res in closing the uterine wound; tlie oper-
ntion was |ierfornied May St 1 1 , 1875. Within live weeks
alter the operation the mother was aide to perform her cus-
tomary domestic duties, including washing, and both are now
(February loth, 1 S7O) living and in good health, lie has
been President of the Slate Homoeopathic Medical Society,
and is a contributor to several medical 'journals, while, in
all matters pertaining to the advancement of medical sci-
ence, he is a zealous and efficient co-laborer, lie was
married, June 1st, 1848, to Mary C. Swartzuelder, of
Hagerstown, Maryland; and again, June loth, 1S75, to
Mrs. Minnie Farrar West, of Hudson, Ohio.

1 1 IITTAKER, JAMES T., M. D., Physician and
Professor of Physiology in the Medical College
of Ohio, was born, March 3d, 1843, in the city
of Cincinnati, but during his earlier years resided
in the neighboring city of Covington, Kentucky,
lie received a liberal education, which he com-
pleted at the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, from
which institution he graduated in 1863, taking the first
honor in the natural sciences. After leaving college he
entered the army as a private in a three months’ volunteer
regiment from Covington, in which he remained during its
service. In the autumn of the last-named year he attended
the course of lectures delivered at the Medical College of
Ohio. When these were completed he again entered the
service and became a surgeon’s steward, being attached to
the United States steamer “ Reindeer,” of the Mississippi
river llolilla. During his term of service, which continued
for two years, he was twice promoted, and finally made
Acting Assistant-Surgeon, in charge of a hospital-boat
stationed at the mouth of the Cumberland river. At the
close of the war he was honorably discharged from the
service, with an invitation from the Ihircau of Medicine and
Surgery at Washington to enter the regular navy. He de-
cided, however, to resume his medical studies, which lie
pursued at the University of Pennsylvania, from which
ancient seat of learning he graduated in 1S66. He then
returned home and attended another course of lectures in
the Medical College of Ohio, and received, in 1 S67 , a
diploma from that institution. Shortly after this he entered
the Cincinnati Hospital, as ( liief Resident Physician, where
lie continued for a year, and then sailed for Europe. Dur-
ing his absence abroad he passed two years among the
most celebrated clinics of the continent. On his return
home to Cincinnati he was appointed Professor of Physi-
ology in the Medical College of Ohio, which position he
still occupies; at the same time he received the appoint-
ment of Pathologist to the Good Samaritan Hospital. After
serving for four years in the latter capacity lie was ap-

pointed l.eclurcr on Clinical Medicine, and still holds this
position in that institution. lie has been editor of the
Clinic since its first issue, in 1 S 7 1 . This serial is the first
weekly medical journal established west of the Alleghenies.
Dr. Whittaker is a member of the various State and local
medical societies.

1

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HI IE, REV. I.EVI, Clergyman, was born, May
21st, 1798, Hamilton county, Ohio, being one
of a family of eleven children, eight sons and
three daughters. In 1815 young Levi and some
of his brothers joined the Methodist Church, of
which his mother and one sister had already be-
come members; and not long after his father and all the
other children united with the same faith and fold, and
their house became a preaching-place in the old Miami
Circuit. Levi, warm in his first love, received a clear con-
viction that it was his duty to preach the gospel; and the
church recognized his gifts as well as his grace, and en-
couraged him to exercise those gifts in exhortation. He
was accordingly licensed as an exhorter by Alexander
Cummings, one of the early pioneer ministers. For several
years lie was an efficient and successful exhorter, and then
received authority to preach. Having consecrated himself
to God’s service, he determined to devote his time and
talents wholly to the work of the ministry. In the autumn
of 1S22 lie was recommended by his district conference to
the Ohio Conference as a suitable person to be admitted
into the travelling ministry of the church, lie was cordially
received and appointed to Oxford Circuit, and during the
period of forty-four years Received the same number of
annual appointments from the authorities of the church,
cheerfully accepting them all and applying himself with un-
tiring zeal, energy and industry to proinoteThe cause of his
Divine Master. These appointments were confuted to
twcnlv-two different circuits; in some of them he labored
lonly for a single year, while to others two, three, and in
[ one instance five years were passed in preaching the gospel,

I though in a majority of instances the changes were made
! with every successive year. He thus sustained an effective
relation to the conference throughout his whole career,
never suspending his itinerant labors for a single year, lie
was always acceptable to the people among whom he
labored, and, judging from his abundant fruit, he was a
good preacher. He had many excellent and attractive
qualities of heart, mind and character. 1 he children of the
several congregations loved him, and received him into
their Sunday-schools and home circles with a hearty wel-
come. 1 1 is sermons were plain, practical and useful, and
often delivered with great power. He excelled as an ex-
horter, and his efforts in this respect were usually pathetic,
eloquent and powerful. During his long ministry he re-
ceived very many into the communion of the church, but
no record has been made of the number. To all these he

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35°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

was a good pastor to build them up in the faith and hope
of the gospel. In the administration of discipline the ten-
dencies of his nature ever inclined him to be lenient ; and
if he erred at all, it was sure to be on the side of mercy
and according to the judgment of charity. He loved his
family with the most intense affection, and next to his home
circle he loved the society of Methodist preachers. His
death was unexpected to himself and friends until it was
near at hand. Only ten days prior to it's occurrence he
filled his appointments on the Lord’s day, preaching twice,
lie was confined to his bed for three days only, and died
August 2lst, 1866.

OWYLR, WILLIAM ANSON, Minister of the
Gospel, was born in Farmington, Trumbull
county, Ohio, February 2d, 1 S35 . 1 1 is father’s

people emigrated from the eastern part of Penn-
sylvania, and his mother's from the State of
Massachusetts, at an early date, and were among
the first settlers of Trumbull county. He was raised on a
farm, and received the rudiments of his education in the
common schools of the neighborhood where he was brought
up, and afterwards developed it by his own efforts and
energies. In the fall of 1S54 he left home and went to
Minnesota, where he spent his time working at whatever
came to his hand in that pioneer country, until the fall of
I S56, when he returned to Ohio. On November 17th,
1S54, a few weeks after his arrival in Minnesota, he formed
a matrimonial alliance with Julia A. Smith, who also went
from Ohio. She died of typhoid fever, December 10th,
1S56, soon after their return to Ohio. On June 24th, 1858,
he was again married to Louisa J. Cushman. In the month
of August, 1S57, he was licensed to preach, and was em-
ployed by the presiding elder, as an assistant, to preach on
Thompson Circuit, in the Erie Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. In February, i860, he left his native
country again and went to the State of California, where he
remained until the fall of 1861, spending the larger portion
of his time in the ministry, laboring in the employ of the
presiding elder in the California Conference. While en-
engaged in this work his health again failed, and he re-
turned to the place of his nativity, in Ohio, and was unable
to follow any kind of employment for a. period of three
years. In the spring of 1S63, his health having returned,
he united with the Allegheny Conference of the Wesleyan
Methodist Connection, where he labored successfully until
the spring of 1866, when he dissolved his connection with
that body and united with the Erie Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he labored faithfully
and successfully during a term of five years, performing an
amount of labor that greatly overtaxed his physical powers,
so that in the winter of 1 87 I his health again failed, and he
was obliged to retire from the regular ministry. His wife
at the same time was an invalid, having suffered for more

1

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than six years with pulmonary consumption, and having
been given up by her friends and physicians as a hopeless
case. His anxiety lor her recovery induced him to give his
attention to the study of medicine, which led to the dis-
covery of a remedy the use of which, to the astonishment
of all her acquaintances, caused her to recover rapidly until
she was restored to remarkably good health (which she
still retains after the lapse of nearly four years). He then
began to manufacture the medicine for the use of others
afflicted in like manner, who used it with the most satis-
factory results ; and it was soon found that his discovery
possessed the most wonderful virtues, and he saw a grand
field open in which he could perform a large amount of
good by .making the manufacture of his remedy a business,
which he is now doing in Cleveland, Ohio. His discovery
for the cure of consumption consists of two special rem-
edies, which arc called Life Balsam for the Lungs and
Tonic Compound for the Blood, and both together are
named Bowyer’s Specific Remedy for Consumption and
General Debility. II is study and extensive research into
the science of medicine has also resulted in the discovery
of a very superior remedy for pain, which is known as
Bowyer’s King of Pain. Mr. Bowyer now sustains the
relation to the conference of a supernumerary member, and
exercises his gifts in the ministry as he has occasion, labor-
ing to the best of his ability to do good both to the souls
and bodies of the human family.

^T^iFATRICK, JOHN F., Attorney and Insurance
J I I Agent, was born in the old Arcade building,
Cbambersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania,
November 26th, 1829. In the fall of 1S34 he
y3 moved with his parents, also natives of Pennsyl-
vania, to Fredericksburg, Wayne county, Ohio,
where he attended school until his eighteenth year was
attained. lie then removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, there
remaining until 1S51, when he returned to Fredericksburg,
Ohio, v here he resided until March, 1853. He afterward
visited Defiance, Ohio, purposing to establish a woollen
factory in this place; but, after remaining there through a
summer, he concluded to relinquish his design, prospects
appearing not sufficiently favorable, lie then taught school
during one winter, and subsequently, for two years, was
engaged in agricultural pursuits. He then moved into the
city and entered the law office of David Taylor, his wife’s
brother, and, after completing a course of legal studies, was
admitted to practise about the year 1856. In 1858 he
connected himself with the insurance business, primarily as
Special Ageirt for the Phoenix Insurance Company, of
Hartford, which position he retained for ten years. At the
present time he still controls an extensive agency business
for the leading fire insurance companies of the country, and
is widely and favorably known as an energetic and able

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BIOGRAPHICAL FNCYCLOR.F DIA.

35*

man of business. Owing undoubtedly to the fact that he
lias always been a consistent and an active ally of the Re-
publican [>aity in a county which is controlled strongly by
I tentorial ic views, he lias never held any public ollii e. lie
lias been a candidate, however, of the Republican party lor
the position of Probate judge, anil also of Representative,
an office for which he is admirably qualified by his all-
embracing knowledge of the many interests, great and
small, centring in his section of the State. 'On the organi-
zation of the Defiance Insurance Company he was chosen
one of the Directors, and by the body of Directors was
elected Manager and Secretary of the enterprise; in this
insurance company he is a heavy stockholder and possesses
much influence. He is a stockholder and Director also in
the Defiance National Bank, and is Deputy United States
Marshal of the Northern District of Ohio, a position held by
him since 1862. lie was married, December 28th, 1S53, in
l-indley, Ohio, by Rev. J. F. Kellam, to Nan Taylor, daugh-
ter of II011. John Taylor, ex-member of the Ohio Senate.

J&X •

EG RUE, ENOCH G., Chief of the Fire Depart-
ment of Cincinnati, was born in that city June
20th, 1820, and is the second of three children,
whose parents were Joseph and Mary (Gest)
Megrue, natives of Clermont county, Ohio. Ills
ancestry on both sides of the family were of Revo-
lutionary stock, and were also active participants in the last
war with Great Britain, and were also among the earliest
settlers in the State of Ohio. His father was a merchant at
Millford, Clermont county, Ohio, where he died in the year
1S22 at the early age of twenty-two, from excessive phle-
botomy, it being the common practice among the physicians
of those days to resort to blood-letting as a cure for every
disease; his mother died in Cincinnati in the year 1864.
The early education of Enoch was a liberal one, and ob-
tained in the schools of his native city. When but eleven
years of age he entered the blacksmith shop o( Isaac Treat,
where he continued lor about three years; and to this occu-
pation, at so youthful an age, united with good habits, may
be attributed much of his past and present physical strength
and power of endurance. He next entered the machine
shop of Jaliez Reynolds, and there familiarized himself with
that business, especially in the “finishing” department.
After remaining there nearly four years, in the latter part
of June, 1836, he learned the cabinet-making and furniture
business with P. Rust & Son, and this occupation confined
his attention for about seven years; subsequently he carried
on the business of an undertaker. lie had been a promi-
nent and active member of the Volunteer Fire Department
up to the date of the organization of the “ Cincinnati Fire
Department ” on February 9th, 1853, with one steam fire-
engine, the “ Uncle Joe Ross; ” and four weeks thereafter,
March 91I1, 1853, the whole “paid department” was put in

full operation by ordinance of the City Council. J. II.
Walker was the first chairman ol the Committee on Fire
Department. O11 April 1st, 1855, E. G. Megrue became
Assisi. ml Engineer, and performed the duties ol that office
for two years, when he was appointed Chief, April 1st, 1857,
by Council, and lias served ever since, a period of nearly
nineteen years, with great faithfulness and efficiency in this
most honorable and responsible office. It may be observed
in this connection that since Captain Megrue was first en-
rolled in the Paid hire Department it has become, as a
system, inferior to none other of a like character in the
United Slates. The year 1853 was the date when steam
fire-engines were first introduced, and Cincinnati was the
birthplace, of these valuable and efficient machines in
America. Cincinnati now claims her Fire Department as
the model one of the United States, and one of the most
efficient in the world. Her system has been and is being
adopted everywhere in the country. Every movement is
made with a promptness, celerity and system, which it has
taken years of close attention and discipline to attain. On
April 29th, 1S73, the Slate Legislature passed an Act to
create a Board of Fire Commissioners, to be appointed by
the Mayor of Cincinnati. I*. W. Strader became the first
President of the Board, and was succeeded by John L.
Thompson, April isl, 1S74. The appointments of the mem-
bers of this Board are made irrespective of the political
opinions of these gentlemen ; they are selected from among
the best citizens, and are five in number. The control of
the Fire Department is entirely in their hands, and every
member of the department is thoroughly and completely
devoted to its service. When an appointment is made, the
only question considered is whether the appointee is morally
and physically capable of performing his duties, and whether
he is sober, industrious and brave, and there is a spirit of
emulation and “ esprit du corps” to be found in no other
department. Another cause of the success which has at-
tended the Cincinnati Fire Department is in its magnificent
apparatus. As already stated, Captain Megrue has held his
position since April 1st, 1S57, having been re elected Chief
immediately prior to the expiration of each term of office.
In June, 1873, he was elected for a term of three years;
and such is the universal confidence reposed in him by the
citizens of Cincinnati, regardless of politics, that there is no
doubt of his retention in the position. Upon the organiza-
tion of the Fire Alarm Telegraph Department by the City
Council, he became its Superintendent in addition to his
duties as Chief Engineer. Religiously, politically and
socially, he is a man of liberal views. As an admiral of
the fleet owes his allegiance to the government symbolized
by the flag that floats above him, so does Captain Megrue
bend his every faculty to rentier still more efficient the
noble lire department with which he has been connected in
some capacity for over thirty-eight years, lie is undoubt-
edly a man of great integrity of character, of dauntless
courage, of excellent judgment and indomitable resolution.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Ilis life has been, ou very many occasions, in the most
imminent danger, ami in a dozen cases at least have his
wounds been of a set ions nature. During a large lire in
Cincinnati in July, 1^75, he was buried in the falling ruins
with eleven of his dating men — three of whom were filled
- — and was completely obscured, to be dug out after two
hours’ work by his department in a crippled condition,
from which he is slow ly recovering. The general gloom
which overhung the city when the knowledge of his severe
injuries became publicly known, and the countless imptiries
at head-cpiarters as to his condition, attested the high de-
gree of estimation in which he is held by all classes of the
people. Captain Megrue was married, December 25th,
1S45, to Ann Levy, a native of Kentucky, a sister of
Captain George Levy, now Chief Engineer of the Louisville
Eire Department, and is the father of six children.

OAoiffi

<9 ENEY, JOSHUA ROBERT, ex-Judge and Law-
yer, was born at Tiffin, Ohio, March 301I1, 1839.
His grandfather, Joshua Scney, married a daugh-
ter of Commodore Nicholson, was a member of
the first Congress of the United States, and re-
signed his seat in the second Congress to accept
a judicial office in Maryland. His father, Joshua Scney,
was commissioned by President Jackson as a Federal Judge
of Pennsylvania, but never qualified. He was four years at
Antioch College, Ohio, during the Presidency of Horace
Mann, and subsequently entered the junior class of Union
College, New York, where he graduated in 1S60. lie read
law under Judge Pillars at Tiffin, and was admitted to prac-
tise at Fremont, Ohio, in 1S62. Was Sutler of the 101st
Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry from 1862 until his
removal to Toledo, lie came to Toledo in December,
1864, where he has since resided. Was elected a Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas of the Fourth Judicial Dis-
trict of Ohio in April, 1S71, w hich office he resigned in
October, 1874, to resume the practice of his profession, lie
was married at Kalida, Ohio, December 241I1, 1807, to
Julia Rice, a sister ol General Rice, member of Congress
from the Fifth District, lie votes the Democratic ticket.

TEEDMAN, JAMES BLAIR, Printer, Soldier,
and Major-General United States Volunteers, was
born, July 29th, 1817, in Chillisquaque township,
Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, of Scotch
parentage. He received his education in a village
school house in Lewisburg, Union county, in the
same State. He became an orphan when thirteen years old,
and was obliged to labor hard to earn a support for himself,
sister and two brothers, and after leaving school became an
apprentice to the printing business. He next became en-

gaged on the public works as a contractor, in which avo-
cation he continued for eight years. He was elected a
member of the Ohio Legislature in 1841, and re-elected in
1842. In 1851 he was elected a member and President of
the Board ol Public Woiks of Ohio, and served for a period
of four years in that office. In 1857 he was elected Printer
to the House of Representatives of the United States. On
the outbreak of the rebellion he was elected, by the votes
of the members of the 14th Regiment Ohio Volunteers,
the Colonel of that command, and immediately left for the
field. With this regiment he took the town of Parkersburg,
Virginia, in May, 1861, capturing a large amount of rolling
stock in the railroad depot. 1 1 c then moved, with his
command^ on the northwestern branch of the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad to Webster, rebuilding the bridges over
Petroleum and l oll Gate creeks, which had been destroyed
by the enemy; this work was completed in thirty hours.
He participated, with his regiment, in the battle of Philippi,
June 3d, 1861, and led the advance in pursuit of the rebels
under General Garnet, from Laurel Hill to Garrick’s F’ord,
where his regiment attacked Garnet’s command, lighting it
alone for forty-five minutes, killing the general and routing
his forces. In July, 1S61, he returned home and reorgan-
ized the regiment, of which he was appointed Colonel, and,
with his command, went to Kentucky in September, 1861,
reporting to General George II. Thomas, commanding
Camp Dick Robinson. He was sent, with his regiment, by
order of General Thomas, to Bourbon county, where he
broke up and dispersed a rebel regiment which was being
organized by Humphrey Marshall. He then returned to
Camp Dick Robinson, when he was sent, with his com-
mand, to Wild Cat, which he reached in time to save the
2d Kentucky Regiment undeV Colonel Garrard, and assist
in whipping and routing the rebels under General Zolli-
coffer. lie then marched to Lebanon, -Kentucky, where
he joined Thomas and thence proceeded to Mill Springs, in
which battle lie commanded his regiment, lie returned
with Thomas to Lebanon, thence marched to Louisville;
and immediately after the fall of Fort Donelson went with
his regiment to Nashville. From this latter city he marched
to Shiloh, and, under the command of General Thomas,
participated in that battle. After the fall of Corinth he was
engaged in the pursuit of Bragg’s army. He served with
Thomas in the campaign, which culminated in the battle
of Perryville, Kentucky, in which action, having been
promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, he commanded
the brigade of General R. L. McCook, who had been mur-
dered in Alabama. In the battle of Stone River he was on
the extreme right flank, but his troops were not engaged.
After this battle he was assigned to the First Division of the
Army of the Cumberland, ten thousand strong, and posted
at Triune, Tennessee, where, for sixty clays, his command
was almost daily engaged in skirmishing with the enemy.
In May, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the post
of Murfreesboro’ and the railroad defences, and in the fol-

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RIOGRAITIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

35 J

lowing August was relieved front this command 1 >y General
Rosecrans, and ordered lo the Iront in command of the
First Division of the Reserve Corps. On September ibtli,
l SO}, he received orders l» make a reconuoissanee in the
direction of Ringgold, Georgia, and marched to that point,
skirmishing with the enemy lor three hours before reaching
the town. After a severe skirmish with the advance of
Longslreet’s corps lie fell back to the Chickamauga river,
where lie received an order to hold the bridge, on which
the main road from Chattanooga to Atlanta crossed that
stream. This position he held during the 191I1, the first
day of the battle of Chickaniauga. O11 Sunday, the 201I1,
he abandoned the bridge and went to the support of Gen-
eral Thomas, arriving, with his command, in time to save
the remnant of the army on the held from rout and capture.
II is command suffered severely, losing about three thousand
men in two hours. 11 is horse was shot under him. For the
part he bore in this terrible battle he was made a Major-
General, on a telegram to President Lincoln asking his
promotion for distinguished and gallant services on the
field, and signed by Generals Uosecrans, Thomas and
Granger. W hen General Sherman advanced from Chatta-
nooga in April, 1864, General Steedman was assigned lo
the command of the District of the Ktowali, extending
from Stevenson, Alabama, to the rear line of the army, and
to control the railroads in the head quarters at Chatta-
nooga. This position he held until the close of the war.
In June, 1S64, the rebel cavalry under General Wheeler
having passed around the right Hank of Sherman, struck the
railroad nine miles south ot Dalton, Georgia, where he
captured two companies of the Sth Iowa Infantry. lie
then invested Dalton with fifty-five hundred cavalry, de-
manding the surrender of the garrison — the 2d Missouri
Infantry — under the command of Colonel Siebuld, who
refused to surrender; and General Steedman, in personal
command of two regiments, the 14th United States Colored
and the 58th Indiana Infantry, moved by railroad, reached
a point nine miles north of Dalton, where he left the cars
and moved stealthily in the night close up lo the enemy,
where lie halted, and at daylight rushed upon him, routing
with twelve hundred men Wheeler’s entire force, and
rescuing the garrison. W hen Hood — after Sherman moved
in his “ March to the Sea” — menaced Nashville, General
Steedman without waiting for orders went with fourteen
thousand men on fourteen trains of cars from Chattanooga
to Nashville, arriving in time to participate in the battle,
lie was placed in command of the left wing of Thomas’
army, and made the first attack on Hood's forces, driving
them over half a mile and capturing two lines of earth-
works. On the second day he united with the Fourth
Corps, under the command of General T. L. Wood, and
being the ranking officer General Steedman directed the
operations of both corps and routed the enemy at Overton
Hill. After the battle he was sent by General Thomas,

Huntsville, if possible, to intercept the routed, fleeing rebels
miller Hood at Florence, but the main body of the enemy
had crossed the Tennessee river before Steedman leached
Florence. His command, however, broke up and captured
.1 large number of rebel cavalry under General Rlioddy.
He then returned to Chattanooga, and was shortly after-
wards assigned to the command of the Slate of Georgia,
with his head-quarters at Augusta, where he remained until
April, 1866, when he was detailed, by order of Secretary
Stanton, to make a tour of the Southern States and inspect
the Freedmen’s bureau, which service he duly performed,
and in September, 1S66, resigned his commission of (full)
Major-General. In February, 1807, he was appointed Col-
lector of .Internal Revenue at New Orleans. After his re-
turn to Ohio lie was elected a member of the Constitutional
Convention of Ohio, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the
resignation of lion. M. R. Waite, who had been appointed
Chief- Justice of the United States Supreme Court. General
Steedman has been twice married. 11 is first wife, to whom
he was united in 1838, was Sarah M. Stiles. lie was again
married, in 1S74, to Rose II. llarr, who died February 71I1,
1876. He is now editor of the Northern Ohio Demon at,
published at Toledo, Ohio.

1

V

i FAN, IION. EZRA V., Lawyer, was born, October
22(1, 1825, at Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, and
is the eldest of two children, whose parents were
Ezra and Eliza (Naylor) Dean. His father
(whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in
this volume) was native of Columbia county,
New York, of English extraction, and followed an agricul-
tural life during his youth, afterwards becoming a prominent
atlorney-al-law ; he was also an officer during the war of
1812, and an early settler in Ohio, locating at Wooster in
1S22, where he married Eliza, daughter of William Naylor,
farmer and surveyor, who had removed from Elizabeth-
town, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, and settled
in Wooster. This family was of Scotch-Irish ancestry.
She died in July, 1872, about six months after the death of
Judge Dean. Their son, Ezra V., was most carefully
trained by his parents in both moral and industrious habits.
He received a liberal education both at Oberiin and Hud-
son Colleges in Ohio, concluding his studies at Jefferson
College, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, from which institution
of learning he graduated in the class of 1847. The follow-
ing year he commenced reading law with his father, and.
for a period of four years was so occupied. lie was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1S50, and immediately became an asso-
ciate with his father in the practice of his profession. In
1853 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature,
wherein he served one term of two years, and was at that
time the youngest member of that body. In 1862 he accom-

witli his corps, by way of Murfreesboro’ to Stevenson and panied the 120th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry as
45

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLO P.EDIA.

Quartermaster, and was subsequently made Brigade Quar-
termaster, serving as such for some considerable time. He
saw service mainly in the Southwest, being present during
the siege and at the surrender of Vicksburg. He remained
in Wooster until the autumn of 1S64, engaged in the active
control of an extensive legal practice in connection with his
father. At the date last mentioned, he removed to Ironton,
Lawrence county, where he was joined by his father in
1S67, and where be has since resided and continued the prac-
tice of his profession, and been the recipient of an extensive
patronage. In 1867 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney
of Lawrence county, notwithstanding it was a Republican
stronghold, and he was a candidate for the Legislature in
1S73. He has ever been identified with the Democratic
party, and cast his first vote for Lewis Cass, the candidate
of the regular Democrats in 1S48. In religious faith he is
a Presbyterian. Socially he is pleasant and affable. Ilis
integrity of character is unquestionable, and he has ever
been remarkable for untiring energy and industry. He was
married, 1851, to Charlotte, a daughter of Daniel Weaver,
of Wooster.

IRBY,

JACOB, and his twin brother, Colonel
Moses 11. Kirby, of Upper Sandusky, Ohio, were
born in Halifax county, Virginia, on May 21st,
1798, the children of Obediah and Ruth Kirby,
who were of the Orthodox Friends’ persuasion.
Obediah Kirby died in 1808, in Halifax county,
Virginia, leaving his wife and five sons surviving him. In
1 S 1 4 the widow, with her four surviving sons (the eldest,
Samuel, having been killed in the defence of Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, in the war of 1812), removed from Virginia and
settled in Hillsborough, Ohio, where she remained for some
lime, until after the marriage of her sons, with whom she
made her home alternately until 1838, when she died at the
house of her son John, in Upper Sandusky, Ohio. The
widowed mother bestowed alL her energy and means in
giving to her twin sons a liberal education. At an early
age they were sent to a classical school taught by the Rev.
lames Gilleland, near Ripley, Ohio, where they were pre-
pared for college, and from that school were sent by their
mother to the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill,
where they graduated in 1819. After they had finished
their collegiate education, they returned to Ohio, where
Jacob commenced the study of medicine, and Moses that
of law. During the study of his profession, Jacob was sent
to Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in the
medical department of which he graduated in 1823, Dr.
Dudley being at that time President. After his return from
Transylvania University he commenced the practice of med-
icine in Hillsborough, Ohio, in partnership with Dr. Jasper
Hand, an eminent and highly educated physician from
Philadelphia, anil from 1S23 up to his last illness, a period
of nearly fifty years, among his various other public duties,

Dr. Jacob Kirby continuously pursued the practice of his
profession in Highland county, in the most laborious, suc-
cessful and unselfish manner. On February 28th, 1S25, Dr.
Kirby was united by marriage to Rachel Woodrow, second
daughter of Joshua and Nancy Woodrow, of Hillsborough,
Ohio. From 1829 to 1835 he with Hiram Campbell con-
trolled and edited the Hillsborough Gazette. In 1834 he was
elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1835 to the
State Senate from the counties of Highland and Fayette.
Moses II. Kirby, the twin brother, studied law with General
Richard Collins, and after his admission to the bar was
appointed Prosecuting Attorney in 1S25 for Highland
county, and continued in that office until 1830; he also
represented Highland county in the Legislature in 1S26,
1827 and 1830. During this last term of service he was
elected Secretary of State, and after the expiration of Ins
term of office as Secretary, never made Highland county his
home. At this period the dual life of the twin brothers in
their joint and several action and influence in Highland
county ceased ; but though separated, their love, like that
of David and Jonathan, was wonderful, as was evinced by
Colonel Kirby’s touching remark after the burial of his
brother, “ I feel like half of me is gone.” Dr. Kirby, by
bis marriage with Rachel Woodrow (who was also of
Quaker parentage), became united with a large and influen-
tial family, and by the joint birthright of himself and wife
with the Friends, he was always devoted to that people
and they to him. He left surviving him his widow, Rachel
Kirby, and two daughters, Mrs. Ann Smith, wife of Dr.
William R. Smith, and their four children; Lizzie Kirby,
the youngest daughter, and also the children of his second
daughter (deceased), Mrs. Ruth Pugsley, formerly wife of
Mr. Walter Pugsley, all of w'fiom were as profound mourners
at his death as they had been in every relation devoted to
him in his life. On March 26th, 1873,-110 died at near the
completion of his seventy-fifth year. In the relation of son,
husband, and father, he cherished the most sensitive regard
and care, though he studiously abstained from mere displays
in the observation of the world. Ilis character was well
defined by individuality. With a nature exceedingly sensi-
tive, he approached the discharge of every public and pro-
fessional duty with caution, but yet with a quiet determina-
tion and industrious purpose to accomplish whatsoever, on
any occasion, seemed to him to be his duty. Unobtrusive
in his manners, and utterly void of policy, he possessed the
art of attaching to himself, in all classes of society, and
among a wide circle of acquaintances in the State, a peculiar
confidence and esteem. Eccentric in his manners and ex-
pressions of thought, he frequently appeared to disdain the
conventionalities of society, yet at the same time he was
remarkably refined in his feelings, possessing a keen appre-
ciation of kindness, and almost a morbid aversion to giving
trouble. Ilis innocent unselfish honesty grappled to him
with hooks of steel the confidence of all wdio consulted him,
whether in his profession or about their troubles, and his

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

355

admitted knowledge and undoubted sc holarship made him
a champion upon all occasions in the cause of education,
sound morals, and the elevation of the tone of society for all
permanent and uselul purposes. Knowledge was his ideal,
and hence lie was always an inquisitive student. Simplicity
of taste was his shield against covetousness and the display
of riches, and hence in the ministration of his profession,
among the rich and the poor, he was perfectly indifferent to
the worldly circumstances of his patient, never claiming
what the rich ought to pay him, never complaining if the
poor did not pay him. His services were scattered like
autumn leaves, and no account of them was kept in any
hook, no promissory note evidenced the value of his labors,
no bank account ever showed his deposits, no hidden chest
ever concealed his gold. Medical phrase would now here
naturally flow to the pen, in expanding and bringing out the
peculiar ami most striking features of I)r. Kirby’s character,
but the daily events of a laborious life, unrecompensed toil,
profound sympathy with human suffering, indifference as to
personal health and comfort whilst absorbed in the discharge
of duty, and a striking modesty in claiming his dues, super-
sedes the use of phrases. Thoroughly educated in every
department of his profession, and thoroughly skilled and
practised in the most of them, he gave especial attention to
obstetrics, and for fifty years, in palace and hovel, through
all hours of summer’s scorching sunshine and winter’s storm
and darkness, was he hastened to the home of the sufferer,
and on such occasions, numbering near four thousand, suc-
cess has embalmed him in the grateful memory of woman.

j. Benham, and Edward 1). Mansfield; of those able pre-
ceptors, but one, E. D. Mansfield, is now living. In the
spring of 1S37 he was admitted to the bar, and in the ensu-
ing lall commenced the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio,
having in October of that year married Mary, the daughter
of John C. Wright. In the spring of 1840, however, he
returned to Cincinnati, where he has since resided, and
entered the law firm of Wright & Walker. 1 1 is political
attachments allied him originally with the Whig party, to
which he belonged so long as it maintained its organization.
He afterward, until the close of the civil war, acted with
the Republican organization. He has outlived his partisan
feeling, however, and of late years exercised the privilege
of an independent voter, having regard mainly to the ability
and integrity of candidates for office rather than to their
party affiliations. His life has been devoted chiefly to his
profession, and he has never sought political office, nor had
any taste for the alluring turmoil and exciting warfare of
parly politics. He was for a short time one of the Judges
of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, having been appointed
by Governor Hayes to fill the vacancy on that bench occa-
sioned by the resignation of the late Judge Stover; and in
the fall of 1873 he was elected a member from Hamilton
county of the late Constitutional Convention of Ohio, to fill
a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Josiali L. Keck.
These responsible positions were filled by him with fidelity,
and an ability which secured the warm commendation of
the bench and bar as well as the general community. Apart
also from his professional attainments, his fund of scholarly,
literary and general knowledge is rich and varied.

INER, HON. JOHN I.., ex-Judge and Lawyer,
was born in what is now Madison county, Ohio,
March 8th, 1810. His father, Isaac Miner, a
native of Massachusetts, removed from Chenango
county, New York, to Ohio, in 1806. As a rep-
resentative in the Legislature, from Madison
county, and afterwards as a member and President of the
Board of Canal Commissioners, lie became well and favor-
ably known among the leading men of the Stale of his day ;
in 1S22 he purchased a farm on the west side of the Scioto
river, just below Columbus, where he died in December,
1831. The subject of this sketch entered Kenyon College
in the fall of 1827, then located temporarily near Worth-
ington, in Franklin county, Ohio, but removed the following
summer to Gambier, Knox county, its permanent location,
lie was a student under the presidency of its founder,
Philander Chase, the first Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal
Church of Ohio, and graduated in the summer of 1832, in
the second graduating class. In the fall of 1835 he moved
to Cincinnati, and entered the office of Salmon P. Chase,
late Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
as a student of law, and attended the Cincinnati Law School,
then in charge of John C. Wright, Timothy Walker, Joseph

ALDWIN, SEYMOUR WESLEY, Merchant and
Bank Director, is of New England birth, having
been born in Meriden, Connecticut, on July 2ylh,
1S07. lie was a farmer’s son, and his experience
was that of farmers’ boys in general, at that day
in particular. He worked on the farm as the
principal business to be done, and obtained his education
as the exigencies of farm labor permitted. In this manner,
working on the farm in the summer and attending the dis-
trict school in the winter, he occupied himself until he was
eighteen years of age. Then he left the farm and left the
school, and entered upon commercial pursuits as a Yankee
pedlar. He succeeded in this line of business, and re-
mained in it until 1835. Then he decided that the time
j had come to go into mercantile life on a more ambitious
scale. He believed in the West as a field of enterprise,
^ and accordingly removed to Elyria, Ohio, where he started
in the dry-goods business. He has resided there ever since,
engaged in business as an extensive and exceedingly pros-
perous dry-goods merchant. Ilis success in his mercantile
career has been great and uninterrupted, and no man in the
country has been blessed with a greater degree of business

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356 '

BIOGRAPHICAL LXCYCLOP.i l )I A.

prosperity. He is energetic, enterprising ami active, and
promptly and tally as lie meets all the retpiireinents ol Ins
individual business, he has time and energy to Bestow on
other matters, lie is a ll.reetor of the National Bank of |
Llyria, and takes an active interest in all measures calculated

to forward the welfare of the community, lie was also
elected first President ol the llollie Bank of West Meiiden,
Connecticut. Politically he was an early Whin; later lie |
acted with the men who formed the anti-slavery party, and
since the organization of the Republican party lie has
worked consistently with that party. His first vote was
cast for John Quincy Adams, for President. His life of
hard work was pleasantly interrupted in 1870, by a tour of I
several months in Europe. In 1S30 he married Mary E.

Candee, who died in September, 1S36.
Eidelia Hall, he married in 1 S37.

I Iis present w ife, ^

YEAR, I ION. J. W., Journalist and Legislator,:
was born in Carlisle, Brown county, Ohio, on j
March 1 tth, 1S47. By profession a newspaper
man, he is at the present writing (March, 1S76) ;
Editor and Publisher of the Pcopld s Dt/emler, at 1
West Union. At the October election of 1875
he was elected to represent his county (Adams) in the Ohio
Legislature. Of that body he is one of the youngest mem-
bers.

8

rs'c)

<2z

WENS, WILLIAM, M. I)., Professor of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics in the Pulte Medical
College of Cincinnati, Ohio, was horn in Warren,
Trumbull county, Ohio, April 24th, 1823. His
parents were natives of this country. His early
education was obtained in the country schools of
a sparsely settled district, and his acquirements, at the age
of thirteen, must have been of the most meagre character,
since, up to that period of his life, he had attended the ses-
sions but tw o quarters in each year. Through the winter
months of his earlier years, on account of the distance of
the school from his home, and the prevalence of heavy
snow-storms, he was obliged to relinquish his studies, and
satisfy his craving for knowledge by reading all the books
belonging to his father, or which could be borrowed from
his neighbors. I Iis course of reading developed in him a
great fondness for travel, which w'as subsequently gratified
by his departure from home, in company with an invalid
army officer, with w hom he visited Florida, the West Indies,
and South America. After thus spending two years in
rambling hither and thither, he became anxious to learn a
uselul business or profession, and, in accordance with that
desire, returned to Ohio, and in Cincinnati applied himself
to the trade of cooper, as one which would permit him to
devote one portion of his time to labor and the other to

study. In the spring of 1843 lie entered Woodward Col-
lege as a beneficiary, and afterward was engaged fur a time
in working at his trade dining one-half of the day, and in
attending the college recitations during the other half, while
he studied his lessons 111 the hours formerly devoted to
sleep or recreation. He continued this manner of life,
often changing his workshop and master, until early in the
spring of 1846, w hen an opportunity was offered him to
enter a drug store, as assistant. In the following May the
Mexican war broke out, and he then enlisted in the 1st
Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company E, com-
manded by Captain J. B. Armstrong. Shortly after arriving
at the theatre of war lie was appointed Hospital Steward
for his regiment, and in this capacity served faithfully until
the cessation of hostilities. 1 tilling the conflict he was en-
gaged in nearly all of the more important battles under
General Taylor. Upon being mustered out of the service,
he returned to Cincinnati, and resumed his former position
in the drug store, where he remained until 1849, the dale
of his graduation in medicine. While thus employed he
had attended lectures during the day, and at night served
as night clerk. During the intervals between the winter
courses uf lectures lie gave his attention closely to the drug
business and his studies, taking four full courses before
graduating. After his graduation, with high honors, he
was immediately appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in
the Eclectic Medical College, and retained that position
during the following two years. In the ensuing year lie
was solicited to lake the same office in the Western College
of 1 1 omieopathy, at Cleveland, Ohio. That position he
accepted, and, while filling it, attended a full course of
lectures upon the Homoeopathic Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics. In the spring of 1^52 he again returned to Cin-
cinnati, and there resumed his professional labors. In the
autumn of 1855 he purchased an interest In a Water Cure
establishment at Granville, Ohio, and sustained his connec-
tion w ith this enterprise until, at the expiration of two years,
it proved to be a financial failure. He then moved to
Yellow' Springs, Ohio, and there embarked in the same
business, taking in a partner as financial manager, in order
to permit him to devote his entire attention to the medical
management of the institution. At the end of eighteen
months he found that he had lost all the money invested by
him in the business, and also was surprised at the discovery
of the fact that all the available property was in the hands
of his partner. In November, 1858, he returned to Cincin-
nati, hoping to retrieve his wasted fortunes in this city, and
find a less ruinous road to affluence, lie had abandoned
faith in “financial managers.” In the spring of 1861, after
the lapse of two years and six months, his circumstances
were not less straitened, and, on the outbreak of the South-
ern rebellion, he assisted in organizing two companies for
the war. One, of infantry, could not be accepted ; the
other, of cavalry, was attached to the 5th Regiment of Ohio
Volunteers. In that company ( K ) he accepted a commix-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCI .OP.EDIA.

357

sion as First Lieutenant, and during the ensuing conflict
held many important positions of danger, responsibility, and
trust. As First Lieutenant, and subseiptently as Captain,
Ins recoid is wholly honorable, and be was several times
commended “by special order” lor courage, bdelity, and
intelligence. As Acting Assistant Surgeon, Acting Assist-
ant (Quartermaster, and Acting Assistant Commissary, his
accounts were always found to be entirely correct, and were
invariably approved by the department. ' In July, 1863, he
was commissioned a Captain in his regiment, and took
command of the company in whose organization he had
assisted. At the battle of Shiloh his company was detailed
to watch the Confederate movements on the Federal right
flank, and, after the action, he was assigned to look after
the sick and wounded, and to take special charge of those
who belonged to his ow n regiment until they were all on
board of steamers for the Northern hospitals, lie afterward
rejoined his command in front of Corinth, and took an
active part in scouting service in the vicinity of the enemy’s
lines. On two occasions he assisted in cutting off the rebel
railroad communications in their rear, measures which ulti-
mately compelled the evacuation of this stronghold. He
took part also under General l’hil Sheridan, in the pur-
suit of the Confederate troops to Booneville. After the
capture of Corinth, he w'as detailed to the surgical charge
of the sick and wounded of a cavalry field hospital in that
place, and retained his position there until he w as commis-
sioned Captain about fifteen months later. While engaged
in the hospital, lie applied his attention to the study and
practice of surgery, thus acquiring, by close and incessant
observation, a thorough knowledge of this branch of medi-
cal science. During the battles of Iuka, September 19th,
1S62, and Corinth, October 3d, 4th, and 5th, he occupied
a conspicuous position in the field, was with the ambulances,
and took charge of the sick and wounded. During an ex-
pedition into north Alabama, in December, 1S62, a battalion
of raw recruits, known as the 1st Alabama Cavalrv, was
found to be w ithout a commander. On the recommenda-
tion of his commanding officer, lie was ordered to assume
command o! this umlrillcd rabble; and, oil the termination
ol the campaign, Colonel Sweeney issued a special order,
commending the gallantry displayed by him in dislodging
the command of General Roddy from a stronghold at Blue
Springs, and in the subsequent pursuit in wdiich those un-
disciplined men captured a large number of prisoners,
among whom were several officers. Also, in command of
his company, he participated in all the battles around
Chattanooga, and was with Sherman’s command in his
march through Georgia, and at the capture of Atlanta. At
Cherokee, Alabama, October 20th, 1S63, he commanded a
cavalry charge made upon Colonel Forrest’s forces, and on
this occasion several times narrowly escaped death. When
the period of enlistment of his regiment had expired, he
was mustered out as Captain, then at once rejoined the
army, as Acting Assistant Surgeon of the United States

I Army, and was ordered to Louisville, to assist in the
! Crittenden United Stales General Hospital. On the eve
ol the battle of Nashville he was ordered to that place, and
took charge of" Branch of No. 16, United Stales General
Hospital.” Here the mortality list was most appalling:
out of two hundred and filly beds, the death rate had
averaged from eight to ten per diem. Under his manage-
ment, however, matters rapidly assumed a belter aspect,
and, after the lapse of two weeks, the death rate lessened
wonderfully. Thereupon the medical inspector of hospi-
tals, Dr. John E. McGirr, sent to him a letter personally
complimenting him in glowing terms on the desirable re-
sult attained. He continued in charge of this branch until
the close of the war, w hen he went to Washington, in order
to facilitate the settlement of his accounts with the various
departments. He then returned to Cincinnati, Ohio, and
resumed the practice of his profession. He assisted in
founding the Pulte Medical College of Cincinnati, occupied
the chair of anatomy in that institution for two years, and
subsequently was assigned to that of materia medica and
therapeutics, which he still retains. After the close of the
third course of lectures, he was appointed Dean of the
Faculty, and has since continued to act in this capacity. In
June, 1865, he was appointed Examining Surgeon for
Pensioners, for Hamilton county, and held the office for
four years. He is a member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, of the Stale Homoeopathic Medical Society
of Ohio, of the Cincinnati Homoeopathic Medical Society,
of the Society of Natural History, and of other organizations
of a scientific, literary, or social character. He has written
numerous articles for homoeopathic journals, and is now
one of the regular contributors to the Cincinnati Medical
Advance , the lumueopalhic organ of this section of the
country, lie is still an earnest medical student, controls a
large and lucrative practice, and is to-day’ one of the most
j energetic and able defenders of homoeopathy in the Stale of
(Ohio or elsewhere. He was married, May 12lh, 1853,(0

Sarah E. Wilcox, of Cincinnati, by whom he has had six
children; ol these, one boy and three gills arc now living.

EEK, WILLIAM M., ex-Probate Judge, Lawyer,
was born in West Union, Adams county, Ohio,
November 22d, 1818. He was the sixth child in
a family of nine children, whose parents wete
John Meek and Ann (Jones) Meek. Ilis father,
a native of Virginia, was for sixty years a clergy-
man of the Methodist Episcopal Church, one of the zeal-
ous and fearless pioneer preachers of the West. He was
sent to Ohio in 1S03 by the Baltimore Conference, and
there, by his tireless labors in a virgin field, accomplished
an incalculable amount of good. He died at Felicity,
Clermont county, Ohio, December 31st, 1S60. His mother,
a native of Virginia, was a daughter of John Jones, who

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BIOGRAPHICAL E N C Y C I X) 1 M'. I > I A .

was identified with the struggles of llie revolutionary patriots.
f)u tlie paternal side lie ii ol Scotch, and on the maternal of
Welsh, extraction. hum his fourteenth to Ids eighteenth
year he was occupied alternately in winking on a faun
dining the summer months, and in attending school in the
winter season. In 1S36 he was sent to 1 1 illshorough, High-
land county, Ohio, to pursue a course of literary study at a
select school there located. In the summer of 1838, having
spent the intervening period in diligent study, he returned
to West Union, Adams county, and during the ensuing two
years was constantly employed in attending to his duties as
a bookkeeper in one of the stores of the place. In 1841 he
began the reading of law at West Union, under the super-
vision of lion. Nelson IJarrere, now one of the leading at-
torneys of Hillsborough. In 1S44 he passed the required
examination, and was admitted to the bar. Through the
following year he was not engaged in any particular pursuit
or business, but February 1st, 1S45, opened his office in
West Union, and there remained until 1850, continuously
occupied in the active practice of law. In 1850 he moved
to Winchester, Adams county, Ohio, where he passed four
years, chiefly in the dry-goods business, while still practising
to a limited extent his profession. In November, 1854, he
removed to Hillsborough, Highland county, opened a law
office, and decided to devote his time and energies solely to
professional labors. He then met with great success, and
speedily acquired a very extensive client elage, which is still
constantly increasing in value and importance. In 1863 lie
was elected l’robute Judge of Highland county, Ohio, was
re-elected in 1 866, and again re-elected in 1869 — holding
the office in all nine years. The Republican party possesses
his esteem and support, while his religious sentiments find a
congenial atmosphere w ithin the boundaries of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He was married in August, 1845, to
Hester He Bruin, a native of Maysville, Kentucky.

I'

(THOMPSON, IION. JOHN G„ Commissioner of
Railways and Telegraphs for the Stale of Ohio,
cx-. Member of the Ohio State Senate for the
counties of Franklin and I’ickaway, was born in
Union county, Ohio, February 17th, 1833. 1 1 is

parents were James Thompson, who followed
the occupation of farming, and Catharine (Gamble) Thomp-
son. Upon finishing his education at the Marysville
Academy, he- moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1854, and em-
barked in the dry-goods trade, at which he continued until
1S59, when he was elected Treasurer for Franklin county.
After the expiration of his term of service in that office, in
1863 he resumed his business relations, and also, in connec-
tion with others, established a private banking house, under
the firm-style of Hailey, Thompson & Co. In 1870 lie with-
drew entirely from business, and in the course of the follow-
ing year was elected to the Slate Senate from the counties

of Franklin and I’ickaway. lie was re-elected in 1S73, but
after serving the first year of the term resigned the position
m order to accept 1I1.1I ol Commissioner ol Railroads and
I’c I eg 1 a pi is, ten del ed him by Hovel nor A lien. II c has been
pi omiiicnlly identified with the political action and measures
of the Stale since the beginning of his career, and has uni-
formly given his support and influence to the Democratic
party. From 1S60 to 1S63 he was Secretary of the Demo-
cratic Central Committee, and subsequently became its
Chairman, a position which, with the exception of an inter-
val of two years, he has since retained. In 1868 he was a
delegate to the National Democratic Convention at New
York, in 1872 to the Convention in Baltimore, and during
each of the attendant campaigns was an efficient member of
the National Committee, lie has repeatedly been elected
a member of the City Council of Columbus, and in all times
has taken an active part in the various public improvements
of the place. On December 6lh, 1875, he was elected
Sergeant-at-Arms of the National House of Representatives,
lie was married, February 17th, 1857, to Fannie High,
daughter of 11. S. High, of Franklin county, Ohio.

ffl

\RD, WILLIAM W., Chief Engineer and General
Superintendent of the Cleveland, 1 uscarawas
Valley 8t Wheeling Railway, was born, Scplem-
( ; ber 6th, 1831, in Madison county, New York, and

QT^ is the son of W. J. Card, a surveyor and civil en-
gineer by profession, who has had charge of
various public works in both Pennsylvania and Ohio. Ilis
primary education was received in the public schools of his
section, but was completed in an academical institution.
During his boyhood years he assisted hiss father, who had
been elected Surveyor of Fairfield county, Ohio, and by this
means he obtained a complete knowledge of all the details
of surveying, both theoretical and practical. In 1S51 he
joined a corps of engineers who were engaged in the con-
struction of the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Rail-

road, and he remained in that connection until the line was
surveyed and located. He was appointed in 1853 the
Resident Engineer for the eastern division of the road, and
when his work was completed he accepted a similar posi-
tion on the Milwaukee 8: Mississippi Railroad, which is
now termed the Milwaukee & St. Paul. In 1S59 the super-
intendent of the Cincinnati, Wilmington 8: Zanesville Rail-
road died, when he was elected to fill the vacancy, which he
did to the entire satisfaction of the officers of that corporation
for five years thereafter. In 1864 he was tendered the posi-
tion of Superintendent of the Pittsburgh, Columbus 81 Cin-
cinnati Railroad, now termed the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati 8:
St. Louis Railway, which he accepted, retaining this impor-
tant post nearly eight years. In May, 1 87 I, he was induced
to lake charge of the office of Chief Engineer and Superin-

1)9136!. 9ll 1 JtJ ISftni )s>(l ilO .60 all | Olll In

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

359

tendent of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling
Railway, which he still holds. He was married, June, 1S72,
to II ill i i c I )iii.Mi!oor, ol Columlnis, Ohio,

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v" NES, WILLIAM W., Physician, although a resi-

dent of Ohio, and a native of New York, might be
claimed by New England as one of her children,
llii grandfather was a major in the revolutionary
war. 1! >lh his parents were natives of Connecti-
cut, and emigrated from Litchfield county in that
State to central New York in 1S17. New England may be
said to have stronger claims upon him as one of those who
derived their ancestry from the Captain Jones who com-
manded the “ M lyflower,” without whose stubborn opposi-
tion to the wishes of the Pilgrims, Plymouth Rock would
have been unknown in history, and New England had not
been New England. In Dr. Jones himself, this oldest of
New England blood is mingled on the maternal side with
Scotch. He was born at Smyrna, Chenango county, New
York, September 28th, 1 S 1 9 , a little more than a year after
his parents had removed there. When he was only eight
years of age his father died, leaving a large family, with but
slender provision for their material support. Appreciating
the value of education, the mother struggled to give her
children such advantages as a new country at that time af-
forded. William was kept at school at the academy of his
native town until he was twelve years of age, and afterwards
completed his studies at Salem Academy in the same State,
working the while, as he found time and opportunity, to
lessen his mother’s burden, and share in his own support.
Having a passionate fondness for books, on leaving school
he entered a printing-office, at which business he served for
four years, in three different offices which had successively
failed for want of support. In 1836 he abandoned the oc-
cupation, and removed to Dresden, Ohio, where he entered
into business as clerk and afterwards as partner in a flouring
mill. The knowledge of business acquired by bis eommer-
ci d pursuits at that time has beeti of very great advantage
to him since, in his professional intercourse with the people,
but he became satisfied that its pursuit for a lifetime would
fail to bring that happiness to him which was his chief aim
in life. Having formed an intimate friendship for Dr. W.
W. Rickey, who had one of the best medical libraries to be
found at that day, he was easily persuaded by him to com-
mence the study of medicine in 1844, believing that this
profession presented a worthy field for attaining all the
objects which could be hoped for, with a full knowledge
that it implied a life of toil and devotion in those who em-
braced it, and generally much less of material success than
followed the application of the same talents in business pur-
suits. He graduated in the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Buffalo in 1S49. After receiving his diploma lie
removed to Toledo, where he at once entered upon the active

practice of his profession, and where he has remained so en-
gaged ever since. lie had learned his profession thoroughly,
as he did everything, and very soon he stood high as a pliysi-
tian and surgeon. His advance was rapid and lontinunus,
ami belorc long his patronage was large and lucrative. He
did not consider that, on receiving his diploma, he had
finished his studies. On the contrary he has read and in-
vestigated constantly, and has kept even pace, in his knowl-
edge and in his practice, with the most advanced develop-
ments of medical science, and so the confidence and
esteem which his skill and accomplishments won for him at
the first have been continued and increased, until he now
occupies a foremost position in the ranks of his profession,
and not only is that position recognized by the community
at large, but still more cordially by his professional brethren.
In 1S75 he was elected President of the Ohio Slate Medical
Society, and he now holds that position in the Alumni Asso-
ciation of the University of Buffalo; and he is, moreover, an
honorary and corresponding member of various medical and
scientific societies in several States of the Union. As a
citizen, no less than a professional man, is Dr. Jones es-
teemed. He holds professional honors in far greater esteem
than the greatest political preferment that could be bestowed
upon him. Nevertheless, in response to the desire of his
fellow-citizens, he has from time to time held public office.
In 1857 he was elected a member of the City Council of
Toledo, of which body he was President during his term of
office. He filled the position most honorably and accept-
ably, and won the unreserved commendation of all, of what-
ever party. In 1S70 he was elected Mayor of Toledo, and
held the office for a term of four years. 1 1 is administration
of the duties of chief magistrate of the city was an eminently
satisfactory one, characterized by ability, dignity, and the
most rigid integrity. He was married in 1851 to Adeline
Knaggs, of Toledo, and three sons and two. daughters have
been born to them.

Al.I.ARI), JOHN, Retired Capitalist, was horn,
October 1st, 1790, at Charlemont, Massachusetts,
and is the third of eleven children, whose parents
were William and Elizabeth (Whitney) Ballard.
11 is father was a native of Worcester county, and
of Welsh extraction ; he was both a mason and a
farmer during life ; he died in 1840. 1 1 is mother was also

a native of the same locality, and was a daughter of Jonathan
Whitney, of English descent. John worked on a farm until
he was thirteen years of age, attending the district school
during the winter months. In 1803 he was placed with
Horatio II. Buttrick, of Lancaster, Massachusetts, to learn
the trade of a carriage-builder. The selection of this calling
was owing to his inability for farm labor, his health not per-
mitting him to encounter the hardships incident to a farmer’s
life. He remained at Lancaster until after he had entered

.

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360 „

BlOGRAllllCAL ENCYCLOl’.F.DIA.

liis twentieth year; amt during liis six years’ stay with
Bullrick he had Imt one month’s schooling each year; hut,
being a close leader, devoted all his spare lime to study.
Leaving Lancaster he went to llosloti and liuishcd hauling
his trade, staying there about two years. I laving attained
his majority he went to Framingham, and worked as a jour-
neyman at his liaile for about one year, and then com-
menced business on his own account, which he prosecuted
with great energy and success for the period of twenty-five
years at Framingham. In the autumn of 1S3S he closed
out his business and removed to Ohio, locating himself at
Athens, in 1839, where he has ever since resided. After he
had become permanently settled in his new home he en-
gaged in the mercantile business, which he conducted with
success and the practice of the strictest integrity until 1865,
when he retired from active business pursuits to enjoy the
fruits of his labors for so many years. Feeling a deep in-
terest in the development of the mineral resources of his
new home, in 1845 he successfully engaged in the manu-
facture of salt ; liis usual good judgment was drawn out in
the selection of a site uniting cheap transportation and
water-power, the want of which had wrecked former enter-
prises of the kind. lie was a Director of the Cincinnati &
Marietta Railroad Company for a number of years, and was
the President of the Athens branch of the State Bank of
Ohio for about fourteen years. He is now a Director of the
First National Bank of Athens, Ohio. In political belief
he is a Republican, and at the outbreak of the rebellion ex-
hibited his faith in the unity of this great republic by
being the first to furnish the sinews of war by investing in
United States bonds to the amount of $So,ooo, in its darkest
days and when the outlook was very discouraging. Previous
to the organization of the Republican party he was a strong
Whig. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church
for over twenty years. He has ever been a temperate, in-
dustrious and cheerful man, of pleasing manners and of a
social disposition ; and he has always been remarkable for
untiring energy and industry, lie was married in 1S16 to
P.nnelia Bennett, a native of Middlesex county, Massachu-
setts, who died in 1858, leaving a family of eight children.
His second wife, to whom he was united in 1861, was
Catharine 1 Stearns, a native of Lancaster, Massachusetts,
They were married in Boston, Massachusetts.

cQCh RMSTRONG, JAMES MONROE, Mechanic,
(tij \'/ Merchant and one of the Proprietors of the
Russell, Morgan & Co. Job Printing Office, Nos.
25^ 2^;° Race street, Cincinnati, was born,

u ^ 1S12, in Columbia township, Hamilton county,

and is a son of the late James Armstrong, for
many years flour inspector of Cincinnati. The latter was
one of six brothers, who with their three sisters and parents
removed from Maryland and located, in the year 1800, on

the Little Miami river, near what is now Plain ville, for-
merly known as Armstrong’s upper, middle and lower
111111-.. Nathaniel Shepherd Armstrong, the lather of this
huge kindly, as- dated in locating bis six sons as follows:
William and Major John wire located at the lower mill;
Thomas and Leonard operated the middle mill, while
James and Nathaniel had charge of the upper mill. In
1822 James, the father of Janies Monroe Armstrong, dis-
posed of his interests in the upper mill to his brother, and
removed to a farm on Indian Hill, in the same township,
w here he remained until 1828, when he removed to Cin-
cinnati, where be became flour inspector, as above stated,
and held the position for many years. He died in 1841,
aged fifty-seven years; his willow survived him until 1866,
when she followed him, at the ripe age of seventy-seven.
James Monroe Armstrong, at the age of sixteen, com-
menced learning the coachmaking trade in the establish-
ment of William Holyoke, then located on the present site
of the National Theatre, 011 Sycamore street. At the ex-
piration of five years be had thoroughly mastered his trade;
but, feeling die need of a belter education, he entered the
Talbot School, in the old Cincinnati College. He re-
mained there a few months, paying for liis tuition by his
own labor. After leaving school he began work in the
factory of the late George C. Miller, then one of the largest
carriage manufactories in the West, and is yet in a flourish-
ing condition under the management of two of the founder’s
sons. He remained at this establishment for three years,
and then formed a partnership with Samuel Barnes, and in
1S38, under the firm-name of Armstrong 8: Barnes, opened
their own factory on Vine above Twelfth street. This
connection continued prosperously until about 1844, when
the junior member disposed of his interests to his partner,
Barnes, and with two others engaged, in the following
year, in the grocery, coopering and whiskey-gauging busi-
ness. In 1S50 he retired from this connection, and in
company with Hermann Krafeldt embarked in the flour
trade on the West Miami canal. In 1854 his brother,
Arthur E. Armstrong, on account of his superior knowledge
of the quality of flour and grain, was added to the firm.
I11 1855 Mr. Krafeldt died, but the business was continued
by himself and brother on the same square (the last eight
years on the corner of Walnut street) until 1867. At that
date, in connection with A. O. Russell, R. J. Morgan and
John F. Robinson, he purchased the Cincinnati Enquirer
job printing office on College street. After remaining
there for between five and six years, during which time
their business assumed immense proportions, the company
purchased the ground and erected their present building on
Race street, which is now one of the largest, most com-
plete, and thoroughly and successfully conducted printing
establishments in the entire West. In 1874 James M. Arm-
strong was elected a member of the City Council, in which
body he served as a member of some of its most important
committees. In the fall of 1875 he was one of the nom-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

uiees of the Democratic party for the Legislature. With
all of the other candidates fur the Legislature of the party
cm that ticket he was defeated, For the past ten years he
has Been a member of the Board ol Directors ol the Second
National Bank. Mis business interests have from time to
time brought him into relations with the various commercial
organizations of the city, lie has been more than usually
successful in his career of varied effort. His personal and
business habits have been unexceptional. llis brother,
Arthur E., is still engaged in the (lour and grain trade, and
another, Sandford I.., is a merchant at Rising Sun, Indiana.
Dr. Nathaniel S. Armstrong was a practitioner of medicine
in Cincinnati, and one of its most prominent, honest and
conscientious; he was the brother-in-law of the late Charles
Woodward, both of whom the profession were proud of; he
died in Cincinnati in 1S54. Leonard L., another brother, is
in the drug business at Cumminsville, Ohio. John Wesley,
another brother, was attached to the 5th Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, and was mortally wounded at the battle of An-
tietam. Thomas Milton, his youngest brother, died in 1863,
aged thirty-three years; his only sister living is Mrs. Robert
Evans, of Indianapolis, Indiana. He was married, January
29th, 1S40, to Martha, daughter of Caleb Williams, one of
the oldest and most respected citizens of Cincinnati, with
whom lie has three children, two daughters and one son.
In 1S53 Caleb Williams died, at the age of seventy-two
years; his companion, Martha Williams, died in 1846.

DAMS, JOHN, Common Pleas Judge, was born
011 December 11th, 1824, at Mount Vernon,
Ohio. He was a farmer’s son, and the experi-
ences of Ilia boyhood and youth were such ex-
periences as befall almost any farmer’s boy
whose father has only the wealth that comes of
hard toil, every day in every season. He “learned to
labor and to wait;” for as soon ns he was old enough he
took part in the labors ol the farm, and for the fulfilment of

such hopes and aspirations as come to the ambitious and
capable bov lie had to wait until the opportunity lor gratify-
ing them could be made. He attended school first at
Martinsburg, and afterwards at Kenyon College. Subse-
quently he entered Jefferson College, in Washington county,
Pennsylvania, and graduated there in the spring of 1847.
After leaving college he commenced the study of law,
reading with Hon. John K. Miller, at Mount Vernon, lie
was admitted to the bar at Mount Vernon in 1850, and at
once commenced the practice of his profession there. At
first he practised alone, but at the end of a year he formed
a professional partnership with Mr. Dunbar. Eventually
this partnership was dissolved, and subsequently he asso-
ciated himself with his former preceptor, Hon. John K.
Miller. 11c prospered well in his profession, and gained a
practice that was large and lucrative. In politics he is a
46

361

Democrat, and has acted steadily and consistently with
that party. I11 1871 lie was candidate, on the Democratic
ticket, for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the
District of Mount Vernon, and was elected by a handsome
majority. He took office in 1872 fora term of five years.
His course while on the bench lias fully vindicated the
wisdom of those who elevated him to the position. To high
abilities and fine attainments he joins the strictest integrity,
a judicial impartiality which nothing can swerve, and a
regard for principle which all recognize and appreciate.
He is honored and esteemed as the right man in the right
place, and the fact that his high and responsible station was
awarded to him because of the sterling characteristics be-
longing fo bis nature, and the high attainments which be
acquired through li is own almost unaided exertions, is a
fact that must be gratifying to himself no less than en-
couraging to all men who are struggling and aspiring
within the circle of his influence, lie was married on the
16th of May, i860, to Julia Huxford, of Fort Wayne,
Indiana. Four children, three girls and one boy, have
blessed the union.

c) /fp?MITII, WALTER II., I.awyer and ex-Uniled
States Assistant Attorney-General, was born in
Litchfield county, Connecticut, June 2d, 1826.
llis parents were both natives of the same State;
his father, the Rev. Walter Smith, a Congregation-
alist, graduated from Yale College in 1S16; his
mother, nee Orpha Jerome, being of French origin. After
a thorough preparatory course of study, under the able
tuition of his father, Walter II. entered Union College,
Schenectady, New York, and graduated from that institu-
tion in 1846. Returning to his home in Mount Vernon,
Ohio (where the family had removed in 1840), he imme-
diately commenced the study of law, and was admitted to
the baron the 12th of June, 1S4S. lie then engaged in
the practice of his profession at Mount Vernon, and so
continued for a period of fifteen years, being associated
during that interval with the Hon. Columbus Delano, ex-

Secretary of the Interior, and the Hon. W. R. Sapp, ex-
member of Congress from Ohio (now deceased). In
March, 1869, Mr. Smith was appointed Solicitor of In-
ternal Revenue, the duties of which office he performed
with marked ability and satisfaction for a period of two
years, when he was called to assume the responsibilities of
a more important position of trust and honor, that of As-
sistant Attorney-General of the United States, and was the
incumbent of that office until October, 1875, when he re-
signed, in order to resume the practice of his profession (in
Washington, District of Columbia), in which he had al-
ways taken high rank and sustained an honorable repu-
tation. He was married" June 3d, 1851,10 Frances E.,
daughter of the late lion. W. R. Sapp, ex-member of

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MISTER, COLONEL JACOB O., Manager of the
I’hister Tobacco Warehouse, in Cincinnati, Ohio,
was horn in the town of Maysville, Kentucky,
August ioth, 1820. lie was the second child in
a family of seven children, live sons ami two
daughters, whose parents, estimable members of
; middle class of the country, gave to them such
educational advantages as their means and the opportunities
of that day permitted. His father being a carpenter and
builder, he was apprenticed to learn the trade of carpenter-
ing, and as in that day and section it had yet to “ be made
easy ” by planing-mills and the various kinds of machinery
pertaining to them, he learned his trade thoroughly in all its
branches, from the making of a hen-coop to the building
of a continued rail stair-case. In 1840 he emigrated to the
town of Burlington, on the Mississippi river, in the then
new Territory of Iowa, carved out of the Black Hawk pur-
chase. Very soon after his arrival the newly-appointed
Governor, Hon. John Chambers of Kentucky, selected him
as his private secretary, and made him one of his military
aides, with the rank and title of Colonel. Those places he
held during the administration of the Governor, about five
years, tilling them with credit to himself and to the satisfac-
tion of all the departments of the government with which
his duties brought him in contact. He was also Secretary
to several commissions appointed to treat with the Indian
tribes in the Superintendency of Governor Chambers, and
performed his work so well that at a subsequent period, after
he had left the Territory, he was selected to take charge of
a similar field of labor. lie travelled much over the Ter-
ritory in the discharge of his duties while in the employ of
the government, and associated much with frontier military
officers, usually men of superior intelligence anil attainments,
and with the officers of the territorial and general govern-
ment, socially and officially, and thus acquired a large
amount of information on a great variety of subjects, from
the Indian in his wigwam to the President in the White
House, which but few men possess, and but few have such
opportunities to acquire. On the retirement of the Governor
he returned to his old home in Kentucky, without any in-
tention, however, of abandoning his new one in the West.
But, through the persuasions of his relatives, he was induced
to engage in business there, which he did, and remained
during the ensuing ten years. In this period he conducted
a large hardware business, and also acquired some distinc-
tion in a quiet way as an amateur in literary matters. Meet-
ing with reverses in the great financial storm of 1857, he
relinquished his business in Maysville and visited Leaven-
worth, Kansas, and Omaha, Nebraska, with a view to a
settlement ultimately in one or the other of these towns. But

failing to make such connections in either place as were de-
sirable, lie located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and projected a leaf
tobacco warehouse. 'Then making a strong report to the
* Hy Council ol the possible future of Cincinnati, under
proper and timely efforts, as a leal tobacco market, lie suc-
ceeded in inducing this body to grant his company a large
unused market-house, admirably suited to warehouse pur-
poses, on very favorable terms for some years; and, De-
cember 1st, 1S57, the Wheeler Leaf-Tobacco Warehouse
was opened under his management, which, afterward taking
the name I’hister House, was conducted by him for a period
of eighteen years. Up to this time but one other house in the
city was devoted exclusively to the sale of leaf-tobacco, while
several commission pork and grain houses received and sold
it, on the same principle that makes a tavern of almost every
house in a rural district, because now and then a wayfarer
may demand food and shelter. These commission houses
made no systematized efforts to secure shipments, but ac-
cepted what came as so much commercial driftwood that
floated into their business from the great river of commerce
that flowed into New Orleans, Baltimore, Philadelphia and
New York. Fully appreciating the fortunate geographical
position of Cincinnati in relation to the tobacco-growing
districts, and anticipating her prosperous future as a leaf-
tobacco market, lie applied himself to the building up of the
business in a careful anil systematic fashion ; and by means
of elaborate circulars, extensive advertisements and personal
solicitation, labored energetically to make his anticipations
permanent realities, and secure the coveted business for
Cincinnati on a lasting basis. Long before the term of the
lease of his house had expired, his promises to the city were
more than fulfilled by the establishment of several ware-
houses, and the growth of a general effort on the part of
each establishment to secure a fair share in the control of
the rapidly-growing trade. 'The combined efforts culminated
in the making of Cincinnati the first market in the country
for cutting-leaf, if not for all kinds, in the West. The exi-
gencies of the war between the government and the Southern
States brought up the important subject of taxation, and as
tobacco was called on to contribute heavily to the necessary
funds for carrying on the war, the very interesting question
as to whether taxation should be placed on the raw material
or on the manufactured article was at once raised, and for
the time became an all-absorbing one to all interested parties:
Congress, growers, dealers and manufacturers. In that con-
troversy Colonel I’hister took an active part in favor of plac-
ing the lax on the manufactured article, and not on the raw
material ; he supported his views with zeal and ability— by
arguments addressed to Congressmen, letters in conversa-
tional style, by various speeches, and by an admirable re-
port to Commissioner Wells, embodying the sentiment of the
Western growers and dealers. And the statement is war-
ranted that, on one occasion during the struggle, when the
Eastern manufacturers, aided by several strong Western
allies, had well nigh secured the decision of the Committee

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

on Ways and Means in favor of placing the lax on the leaf,
liy a \\ ell limed, brief and powet fill article, addressed to I Ion.
George II. Pendleton, then Representative Irotn llatnilton
county, lie turned the tide, remvigorated the disheartened
]c d men and tallied them to a Inin! ellorl, which lesitlled in
the placing of the lax where it now rests, on the manufac-
tured article ; where, he contends, the policy and spirit of
the American government and the good of the American
people demand that it shall stand. lie -was uniformly in
favor of an ml valorem instead of a specific tax, hut, recog-
nizing some almost insurmountable obstacles to the carrying
out of this principle, he finally abandoned his opposition to
the specific plan, and became usefully instrumental in the
adjustment of the details of the laws on the best basis.
While entirely willing that tobacco should bear its fullest
possible proportion of the tax, he never concealed his indig-
nation at the invidious distinctions placed on the trade in
the guise of the licenses, bonds and rulings of the depart-
ments, and was ever ready to resent them as an aspersion
upon a great body of enterprising, honorable and respected
citizens and tradesmen. In the transition of any business
from a fugitive and an uncertain state to one of permanence
and solidity, many perplexing questions arise relating to its
control and management which must be adjusted, and many
jealousies and animosities will be engendered between rival
parties which must be settled by mutual concession. In all
such controversies he was always consulted, and his con-
servative disposition, strengthened by his love of harmonious
proceedings, always enlisted him on the side of compromise,
while the impress of his diplomacy can be clearly traced in
the present high position occupied to-day by the tobacco
trade in the great Queen City, living a quick and ready
writer, his services have been in constant requisition by the
trade, and for it he has composed innumerable articles —
obituaries, biographies, essays, etc. 1’robably three-fourths
of the tobacco trade literature of the West owes its existence
to his pen ; and an address to his constituents at an agricul-
tural fair, held at Ripley, Ohio, on “ Mason County To-
bacco,” was highly commended and widely published as a
very able production, 'flic humorous side of his character
found a suitable field in his auction sales, which were in-
variably conducted by him in person, and also in banquet
speeches made after the removal of the cloth. One of the
latter effusions, a speech known as “ the Boy Allegory,” was
delivered at the first fair of the trade, held in the Hodman
warehouse; another, known as “ the Argonauts,” an effort
of peculiar brilliancy, was delivered at the Spence banquet,
in the Si. Charles Hotel. Colonel I’hister has travelled
very considerably in the prosecution of his business, and
profited greatly by his travels. He possesses avast fund of
curious and useful information on a variety of subjects, and
as a conversationalist is an exhaustless dispenser of quaint
ideas and odd fancies. He is totally opposed to liquor as a
beverage, and to the use of tobacco in all its forms, and is a
zealous Old School Presbyterian. Politically, lie is a liberal

3(>3

1 tcmocr.it, and though tolerant of the opinions of others, has
his own views on all the questions of the day, and holds to
them with inflexible pertinacity. Endowed with keen wit,
a sprightly mind, line imaginative powers and an enviable
How of language, lie would have made his mark at the bar,
in the pulpit or in the editorial chair. As it is, his position
in life is far beyond the common level, and in the eyes of
more than a majority of mankind is an enviable one, and
with large tincture of local glory.

r ORR, CHARLES WILLIAM, Manufacturer, was
born in Avon, Lorain county, Ohio, January 25th,
1837. He entered college at Oberlin, Ohio, in
1856, and in 1S60 graduated from the Antioch
College. He was then engaged for one year in
teaching in the Union Schools of Vandalia, Illi-
nois, and at the expiration of that time entered the army as
Captain in the 35th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry.
He received his commission from the Governor of Illinois
in 1861. At the close of a period of eighteen months he
resigned his commission and commenced operating in stocks.
About the termination of the rebellion he erected, in con-
junction with his brother, the first cheese factory in northern
Ohio. Since his entry into this business he has continued
to sustain it with energy and success, and the house in which
he is now a partner is at the present time the largest manu-
facturer of cheese and butter in the United Stales. His
house is known under the style of Brannn N llorr. He is
a Director of the Savings Bank of Elyria, and of the l'irst
National Bank of Wellington. Although admitted to the
bar in Columbus in 1S64 by* the Supreme Court, he lias
never practised his profession, but devoted his time and at-
tention entirely to his manufacturing business. By careful
management he has accumulated considerable properly, and
gained a leading position by his unswerving integrity amid
his fellow-townsmen. Politically, he is a liberal Republican.
He was married in 1S60 to Esther A. Lang, of Huntington,
Ohio, daughter of Rev. Mr. Lang.

|]ACON, HENRY MARTYN, Clergyman, was born
in the city of Albany, New York, on September
24th, 1827, of English parentage. While still
quite young, he removed with his parents to Wil-
liamstown, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and
there remained until he reached manhood, his
youthful experiences being unmarked by any remarkable in-
cidents, He obtained his early education at the Berkshire
common schools, and when he had reached a suitable age
entered Williams College, at Williamstown. 1 1 is course
there was a creditable one, and he graduated with honor.
On leaving college he became a teacher, and in 1845 he

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

364 ,

went to Natchez, Mississippi, to engage there in that profes-
sion. He taught there some time, ami then went to Indi-
ana, where he followed leaching in various portions of the
Stale, lie was of a devout and earnest character, and fell
a strong desire to engage in teaching of a loftier and more
important kind than he hail heretofore been occupied in,
high and important as that is. While teaching school he
was also studying, with a view to satisfying this aspiration
by entering the pulpit as a teacher in the church. Eventu-
ally he was regularly qualified to enter the pulpit as a Pres-
byterian minister, and in the year 1S51 he went to Covington,
Indiana, and became pastor of the Presbyterian Church
there. He occupied the pulpit of that church for a period
of nine years, at the end of which time he went to Attica,
Indiana, where he remained in charge of a church for a
year and a half. Leaving Attica he removed to Toledo,
Ohio, where he became pastor of the Westminster Presby-
terian Church. There he still remains, engaged in earnest
work, and doing faithful and effective service. His resi-
dence at Allica was interrupted by that momentous episode
that interrupted the course of so many individuals and com-
munities, the war of the rebellion. In 1862 he joined the
63d Indiana Regiment at Attica, as Chaplain. He remained
with the regiment for three years, and was mustered out in
June, 1865, returned to Attica, from whence he went to
Toledo. Besides his duties as pastor, he now fulfills those
of Trustee of Wooster College, a prominent institution,
located at Wooster, Ohio. He was married on November
29th, 1S52, to Mary A. Mallory, of Covington.

(0

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ILLSON, HIRAM V., Lawyer and Jurist, was
‘ ■' born in April, 1808, in Madison county, New

York, died November Ilth, 1 866, in Cleveland,
Ohio. lie graduated at Hamilton College in
1832, and then commenced reading law in the
office of Hon. Jared Willson, of Canandaigua,
New York. lie continued the reading of law in the office
of Francis S. Key, and supported himself for a time by
teaching in a classical school, in the Shenandoah Y alley,
lie was an earnest student, and not only became acquainted
with the principles of law, but with facts and precedents
which proved of great service to him later in life. In 1833
lie removed to l’ainesville, Ohio, but soon, with his class-
mate and intimate friend, Henry I!. Payne, removed to
Cleveland, and the two formed a law partnership. These
two young men were without money, but received encour-
agement from some of the older lawyers, and were soon
known as able attorneys. In a few years Mr. Payne retired
from the partnership, and it became Willson, Wade &
Hitchcock, and then Willson, Wade & Wade. In 1S52 he
received the Democratic nomination for Congress, and at
the same time his partner, Edward Wade, was nominated
by the IYee-Soil party, and William Case was nominated

by the Whigs. 1 1 is partner, Edward Wade, was success-
ful, but he received a heavy vote. In the winter of 1854
the members of the Cleveland bar selected him to go to
Washington, and try to have the Stale divided into two
districts lor judicial purposes. The bill was successful, and
the United Slates Court for the Northern District of Ohio
was formed. President Pierce, in March, 1855, appointed
him Judge of the newly formed district, which gave general
satisfaction to the bar. When he became a judge lie ceased
to be a politician, file bench he considered far removed
from the arena of political strife, and from that time no
purely political or personal motives swayed his mind or
alfected his decisions. The new court was crowded with
business from the start. The civil and criminal cases com-
ing before it were numerous and important, and a large
share of noteworthy cases were suits in admiralty, arising
on the lakes. Many of his decisions are retained in the
law-book as important authority, furnishing valuable pre-
cedents, and being models of deep research and clear state-
ment. One decision in admiralty affirmed that maritime
liens of men for wages anil material for supplies are a pro-
prietary interest in the vessel ilsell, and cannot be divested
by the acts of the owners or by any casualty until the claims
are paid, and that such liens inhere to the ship and all of her
parts wherever found and whoever may be the owner. In
other cases he decided and supported the decisions by
voluminous precedents, that the admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction passed by the District Courts of the United
States, on the Western lakes and rivers, under the Constitu-
tion and Act of 1789, was independent of the Act of 1845,
and was unaffected thereby; and also, that the District
Courts of the United States having under the Constitution
and Acts of Congress exclusive original cognizance of all
civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, the
courts of common law are precluded froin proceeding in
ran. to enforce such maritime claims. Very many other
most important decisions might be referred to if necessary,
to give his correctness in deciding the most intricate ques-
tions of admiralty. The John Brown raid, and the break-
ing out of the war of the rebellion, found him ready to
define the law in regard to conspiracy and treason, drawing
with great skill the line of difference between a meeting for
the expression of opinions hostile to the government, and a
gathering for the purpose of violently opposing or overturn-
ing the government. He always insisted upon the criminal-
ity of an attempt to overthrow the government. In 1865
his health gave away, and in the early winter of that year
he visited New Orleans and the West Indies. The weather
being unusually inclement, he returned without having been
benefited. When the term of court arrived, he insisted on
being taken down to the city to open the court, and to see
that everything started correctly. The effort was too much
for him, and he gradually sank under his disease, consump-
tion, until the iltli day of November, 1S66, when he died.
He had some months before been received into the First

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ihograpihcal encyclop.edia.

Presbyterian Church, of which he had long hecn an allend-
ant and active supporter, and passed away in peace, with
the lull hope of a true Christian. The bar ol the district
leccived the news ol his death with pleat soi low, mining
whom he h.ul no enemies. The resolutions rclerred to him
as “a learned, upright, and fearless judge, ever doing right
and equity among the suitors of his court, fearing only the
errors and mistakes to which a fallible human judgment is
ever liable. Urbanity and courtesy to the older members
« of the bar, protecting and loving kindness to its younger
members, and deep and abiding interest in the reputation
of all, were among his distinguishing characteristics.” The
feeling expressed by the members of the bar was felt by a
great many other persons who knew him, and respected
him as a friend, a neighbor, a citizen, or a judge, lie was
married in I S j 5 to the widow of Mr. Ten Eyck, of Detroit,
Michigan.

r6^

OOl), OLIVER, Proprietor of the I ronton Hotel
G,\ I I and lire vet brigadier General United Stales Vol-
( I I I unleers, was born, June 25th, 1S25, at Corinth,
V ‘ Saratoga county, New York, and is the fourth of

<- (jj seventeen children, whose parents were Obadiah
and Mary (Seeley) Wood. 1 1 is father was a native
of Ilerkimer county, New York, of a Connecticut family,
and of remote English descent. He was during his lifetime
an agriculturist and a manufacturer and dealer in lumber;
he was also remarkable as a public-spirited citizen, and was
for a number of years Justice of the Peace and Township
Supervisor. On account of his youth he was prevented from
being a participant in the war of 1S12, although he had en-
listed for service. He died in June, 1S71. 1 1 is wife, Mary

Seeley, was of Spanish descent, and a native of Saratoga
county, New York. She died at Corinth, New York. Oliver
was carefully trained in industrious habits of life, and was
engaged on both a farm and in the lumber business until lie
was twenty-two years old, attending school during the
winter seasons until he was sixteen years of age. He com-
menced business on his own account at twenty-two years
of age in Chautauqua county, in a saw-mill and on a farm,
continuing in these for two years. In 1S49 he was elected
Constable and Collector of Ellicott township, and performed
these duties for three years, at the expiration of which he
remained unemployed for one year. In the spring of 1S53
he removed to Ohio, and on the 1st of April located at
Portsmouth, Scioto county, w here he resided until February,
1S74, being principally engaged there in the lumber busi-
ness until the civil war broke out. On April 16th, 1861,
he enlisted as a member of Company D, 221I Regiment,

( )hio Volunteer Infantry, and was stationed at Camp Jack-
son, Columbus. In May he was elected First Lieutenant
of his company while thus encamped. He served with the
regiment during their three months’ service in West Vir-
ginia, and was mustered out in August, 1S61. During the

3(>S

following month he raised a company (Company li of the
1 jlli Missouri Volunteers), and was elected its Captain.
The regiment was organized at I teuton llarracks, Missouri,
where, with his company in camp, lie lent. lined until |anu
ary, lS<>2, lie was now ordered with the regiment to the
held, and was soon afterwards in Kentucky. I11 June, 1862,
the appellation of this regiment was changed to the 22d
Ohio Volunteers, as seven of its companies were Ohio troops,
one was from Illinois and two from Missouri. He was
with this regiment until it w'as mustered out of the service,
November 181I1, 1864. He was an active participant in the
battles of Fort Donelson, Pittsburgh Landing, the siege of
Corinth, the battle of Corinth, Vicksburg, and Little Rock,
beside numerous smaller engagements, lie was promoted
to the rank of Major, on May 9th, 1S62. On September
161I1 of the same year he was advanced to the rank of Col-
onel ; and on the 5th of March, 1S65, was brevetted briga-
dier-General for gallant and meritorious services during the
war. O11 December 91b, 1S64, he was appointed Colonel
of the 4II1 United States Veteran Volunteers, by Secretary
Stanton, and attached to the 1st Army Corps under General
Hancock, and was ordered to Virginia, where he served as
Colonel of this body until March 1st, 1866, doing service in
Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and in Louisville, Kentucky.
He then returned to Portsmouth, Ohio, where he resumed
the lumber business until 1S70. In 1867 he was appointed
Postmaster of Portsmouth, and continued in that position
seven years, retiring from the same in 1874. In that year
he became proprietor of the Ironton Hotel, which has since
occupied his entire attention. His political creed is that
of the Republican party; and in religious faith he is a mem-
ber of the Episcopal Church. Socially he is pleasant and
agreeable; his character fo? integrity is unquestionable;
and he has ever been noted for untiring industry, energy,
and temperate habits. He was married, March 16th, 1845,
to Mary Rhodes, a native of Edcnburg, Saratoga county,
New York, who died in October, 1852, leaving two chil-
dren. He was united to his second wife, Emily II. Mytin-
ger, of Lancaster, Ohio, on June 261I1, 1855.

EAL, HENRY S., was horn, August 25th, 1828, at
Gallipolis, Ohio, and is the fourth of seven chil-
dren, whose parents were Henry II. and Lydia
(Salford) Neal. His father was a native of
Parkersburg, West Virginia, where he was born
in 1800. lie is of Irish extraction, being a de-
scendant of that ancient and honorable family of “ O’Neills ”
who fill so large a page in the history of Ireland. His an-
cestors immigrated to this country prior to the revolution-
ary war, and in that momentous struggle embraced the
patriot cause, while other members of the family fought in
behalf of the british. This so enraged the ancestor that
he changed his name to “ Neal.” Henry’s mother was a

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366

lilOGRAPH I CAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

native of Poultney, Vemionl, a daughter of Jonas Salford,
whose ancestors tame from Ipswich, England, in colonial
times. They were generally distinguished lor intellectual,
moral and religious culture. Dr. Sallord heeame a resident
of Gallipolis in 1811, and during Ins lifetime was the leading
physician of that section. His daughter Lydia was born
April 5th, 1S01 ; married Henry 11. Neal December 19th,
1822; and died April 9th, 1834. She was a noble Christian
woman, lirst in every good word and work', and did much
towards preparing the subject of this sketch for a life of use-
fulness and worth, lie was early taught moral and indus-
trious habits, and through his own energy and determina-
tion, seconded by the aid of his liberal-minded father,
acquired a liberal education, graduating at Marietta College
in 1S47. Shortly after, he commenced the study of law
under the supervision of the lion. Simeon Nash, then and
since one of the most distinguished lawyers and jurists of
southern Ohio. lie pursued his studies with great energy
and assiduity for the period of three years, when he was
admitted to the bar in 1S51, and shortly afterwards removed
to Ironton,. Ohio, where lie has since resided, engaged in
the practice of his profession. lie soon attained a leading
position at the bar, and is noted for his irreproachable in-
tegrity, sound judgment, and legal acquirements. In 1S61
lie married Mary J. Campbell, eldest daughter of Hon. John
Campbell, of Ironton, an extensive ironmaster, and one of
the most remarkable business men of that section. In the
same year he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, serving in
that capacity for a period of four years, with credit to him-
self and to the satisfaction of his constituents. In 1SG9,
on account of impaired health, he sought an appointment in
Europe from President Grant, and was sent as Consul to
Lisbon, Portugal. Shortly after arriving out, the legation
became vacant by the resignation of the Minister Resident,
and Mr. Neal was appointed Charge d’ Affaires tul interim.
The duties of this office he discharged so acceptably as to
receive the special thanks of the Secretary of State. These
offices he resigned for the reason that his health was not
improved, and lie could neither benefit himself nor serve Ins
country usefully, and returned to Ironton, where he resumed
the practice of his profession. On three diflerent occasions
he was appointed to investigate Indian frauds. Ilis reports
on the files of the Interior Department testify to the thor-
oughness of his work. In 1S73 he was elected without
opposition to the Ohio Constitutional Convention, and upon
the floor of the Convention, and also as a member of the
Judicial Committee, he took a prominent part in the labors
of that body. Politically he is a Republican of Whig ante-
cedents, and an earnest friend of the “American system ”
so ably advocated by Henry Clay and other distinguished
statesmen, of “ protection to American industry,” believing
that the prosperity of the industrial interests of this country
largely depend upon the continued embodiment of that
policy in our political economy. He has strong religious
convictions, being a member ol the Presbyterian Church,

but is not sectarian in his feelings, and regards with special
interest all sincere efforts from every quarter to enlarge the
Master’s kingdom. He is of social habits, and enjoys the
confidence and respect of all good men.

EDRETTI, FRANCISCO, Fresco Artist of Cin-
cinnati, was born in Lombardy, Italy, June 22(1,
1S29. He early exhibited a taste for painting,
and his parents judiciously took steps to develop
his aitislic talents. He was accordingly placed
under the instruction of Professor Pietro Mariani,
of Milan, and afterwards .continued his education at the
academy at lirera. I11 184S he left his native country on
account of the revolution then in progress, and after a year’s
residence in Switzerland, emigrated to America and settled
in New York in 1851, where his skill as an art ist and
originality as an ornamental designer soon secured him a
high standing, and a continued demand for his services
from all portions of the country. In 1S53 he removed to
Buffalo, remaining but two years, after which he located at
Cincinnati, where he has since resided. The latter city has
been the scene of a remarkable professional success, which
has extended over eighteen States of the Union. In these,
evidences of his ability as a fresco artist everywhere abound,
and many of the most noted and beautiful structures in the
country bear upon their walls the added graces of his facile
pencil. He is devoted to his art and has done more to
elevate it in public estimation than perhaps any other painter
in the country, and in fixing a higher standard for artistic
excellence in his special branch has necessitated his com-
peers to follow in the pathway indicated, as the price of
success. lie is an honorary member of the Cincinnati
Chapter of Architects, and is widely knovVi) and admired
for his genius, and universally respected as a useful private
citizen.

! USS, ROSS C., M.D., was born in Brown county,
Ohio, April 9th, 183). lie was the youngest
child in a family of seven children whose parents
were Matthew Russ and Sarah (Welsh) Russ.
1 1 is father, a native of Westmoreland county,
Virginia, was engaged through life in agricultural
pursuits. He moved from his native State to Kentucky,
and thence at a later date removed to Ohio, settling in
Brown county, near Georgetown, where he resided until his
death in 186&. He was an officer in the war of 1812, and
the son of a colonist who took part as a patriot in the revo-
lutionary struggle. He was a man of sound judgment and
unquestionable integrity, and a true Christian gentleman.
The mother of Ross, a native of Mason county, Kentucky,
was a daughter of Thomas Welsh, one of the early pioneers
of that county. Her forefathers also had been identified

• 1 I ,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

with the patriot cause, nml taken part in the engagements
of the troulilinis times precciling the year 1 7 S j . llis boy-

hood days were passed alternately in attending school and
ill working on a farm. lie attended the Williamsburg
High School in Clermont county, Ohio, and in his seven-
teenth year began teaching school in lirown county, Ohio,
studying medicine in his leisure hours. At the age of
nineteen he entered the office of his brother, Dr. Matthew
Russ, at Royalton, Hoonc county, Indiana. Subsequently
he became a student in Rush Medical College of Chicago,
Illinois, and graduated with honor from that institution in
1856. In this year he returned to Royalton, Indiana, and
there began the practice of medicine. At the termination
of five years spent in successful labors, he removed to Ohio
in 1S63, and settled in Danville, Highland county, where
he practised medicine until 1S69. lie then located his
office in Hillsborough, the county-seat, and there has since
resided, engaged in the control of an extensive medical
practice. During the war of the rebellion he was commis-
sioned Surgeon of the 103d Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, but owing to a precarious state of health, was not
able to remain with his regiment throughout its entire term
of service. 1’uhlic office of a partisan or political nature he
has never cither sought or accepted. He is a valued
member of the Highland County Medical Society, and lias
contributed scientific articles to the leading medical jour-
nals, which have throw n great light on the histology, path-
ology, and treatment of various intricate diseases, and which
have been generally highly appreciated by the leading
members of the medical profession. Politically his ideas
on the proper form of government, and the right policy of
his country, incline him to support the Republican party.
His religious opinions attach him to the Methodist Church,
lie was married in 1S62 to Myra M. Wright, a native of
Lexington, Kentucky.

<?

^WftOUDON, I)E WITT CLINTON, Soldier, I.
.yVJ yer, and Jurist, was 'born, May 29th, 1 S 27
<pl (Jcorgetown, lirown county, Ohio, and is

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aw-
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the

eldest son of Janies and Elizabeth (Chapman)
When he was five years of age his
father removed to a farm, w here his son labored
during the farming season, and attended the district school
in the winter months. In September, 1S45, he entered the
Ohio University at Athens, where he remained until May,
1846, when he volunteered as a private in Captain McLean’s
company, 2d Ohio Regiment, commanded by Colonel
(leorgc W. Morgan. On his arrival at Camp Belknap,
Texas, he was transferred to the 1st Regiment Ohio Volun-
teers, in which he served until the expiration of his enlist-
ment. In the latter regiment he was promoted to Company
Sergeant, and subsequently to Quartermaster Sergeant.
After bis discharge from the service he returned to the
nniver.iity, whence lie graduated in 1850, receiving the

degree of A. 11. After graduation he remained some time
as tutor, and thence removed to Georgetown — w here lie has
ever since resided — where lie entered the law office of I). (1.
Devon, and continued the study of law, to w hich he had
already given considerable attention. 1 le was admitted to
die bar in Athens county, Ohio, in November, 1851, and
immediately thereafter commenced the practice of his pro-
fession in his native town. I Ie was elected Probate Judge
in 1857, but after a few months’ service resigned the office
and returned to the bar. He was commissioned Lieutenant-
Colonel of the 70th Regiment Ohio Volunteers on October
2(1, iS6i,and promoted to the rank of Colonel in the spring
of 1S64, and in the following month of August was dis-
charged for disability. As soon as his health was sufficiently
restored, he resumed his practice, which he has steadily pur-
sued since that time. In January, 1S69, he was admitted to
the bar of the United States Supreme Court. In political
creed he was a radical Democrat until the outbreak of the
rebellion, at which time he joined the Union party, and
gave an active support to the war. In 1872 he united with
the Liberal movement, and supported Greeley for the Presi-
dency. In 1873 he w'.as a candidate for Supreme Judge
under the nomination of the People’s party, lie was mar-
ried in April, 1852, to Hannah \V. Holies, a native of
Southbridge, Massachusetts.

—9-3

pVVNNE, ELI \V., Merchant, was born near
x Cumberland, Maryland, on December 18th, 1794.
I His father, Evan Cwynne, died early, but bis
mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Cwynne, who died in this
eV ■ j city in 1847 at the advanced age of eighty-eight
years, was widely known in the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, of which she w'as a member. Eli Gwynne
was one of ten brothers w ho all died before him. 1 1 is only
sister, Mrs. Edmiston, of this city, survived him. lie came
to Ohio when a boy, about 1S10 or 1 8 1 1 , and entered into
business with his older brother in IVanklinton, in Franklin
county, but soon after removed to Madison county on what
w'as and is known as the Gwynne farm, and commenced a
store at Urbana, Champaign county. The business of the
Gwynne Brothers was mercantile and agricultural, and
gradually grew' to large extent. During the war of 1812
David Gwynne entered the army and rose to the rank of
Major. At the close of the war he was appointed Paymaster,
and in assisting him Eli Gwynne, then quite a young man,
traversed a large part of north western Ohio on horseback,
suffering greatly at times from exposure and privation inci-
dent to pioneer life. After the war he continued his con-
nection with the business of bis brother until the death of
Thomas Gwynne, and the removal of his brother to Cincin-
nati. '1'his left him in full control of their extensive busi-
ness, which lie carried on for a number of years. At one
lime lie had stores in Urbana, Springfield, and. Columbus,

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368 ,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

and the farm in Madison county to superintend and direct.
When it is renieinliered that in those days no railroads
existed, and purchases of poods were all made in the East,
and communication with the different towns was difficult,
an idea can he loruicd ol the energy requisite to prosecute
successfully such extended affairs. Mr. Gwynne retired
from mercantile pursuits, about 1855, to his beautiful home
near Lafayette, where he gave his attention to farming and
cattle grazing. 1 1 is growing fortune brought him into in-
timate relations with the financial affairs of the city, and
in everything connected with the business and prosperity
of city, Stale and nation he took a deep interest and active
part, lie was a man of close observation and accurate
judgment, and when he had once matured his plans he
was a bold and linn operator. lie was exact, just and
methodical in business matters, asking only what was right,
but submitting to no wrong. lie died in Columbus, De-
cember 71I), 1S66.

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JOSECRANS, GENERAL WILLIAM STARKE,
was born in Kingston township, Delaware county,
September 6th, 1819. The name “ Rose-
era ns ” is Dutch, signifying “a wreath of roses.

1 1 is ancestors came from Amsterdam. His father,
Crandall Rosecrans, emigrated to Ohio from the
Wyoming valley, Pennsylvania, in 180S. His mother,
Jemima ( 1 lopkins) Rosecrans, was a kinswoman of Timothy
IIopl sins, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ-
ence, and a daughter of a soldier in the Revolution. Their
son was a studious lad, with a mind prone to dwell upon
religious subjects, and with a disposition to engage others
in conversation upon topics of this class. He also loved
science and the study of mathematics, and eventually con-
ceived "a desire to enter the Academy at West Point. Un-
known to his family, he endeavored to secure an appoint-
ment through Hon. Joel R. Poinsett, Secretary of War
under President Van liuren. hailing to receive a prompt
answer to his request he broached the subject to his father,
who at once sanctioned his ambition. A petition being
prepared and largely signed, he was about to send it to
Washington, when he received notice that the appointment
was his. At the academy he was a close student, rather
retired in his manner, and something of a religious enthu-
siast. He was graduated in the class of 1842, and among
his fellow-graduates were many whose names were brought
into prominence during the late conflict, among others Long-
street, Pope, Doubleday, and Earl Van Dorn. Entering
the preferred corps of the army, the Engineers, he was
made a Brevet Second Lieutenant, and sent to Fortress
Monroe. In the following year he returned to the acad-
emy, first as Assistant Professor of Engineering, then as
Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,
then in charge of the department of Practical Engineering,
and finally as Post-Quartermaster. Soon after his return to

the academy he married Miss liegeman, only daughter of
Adrian liegeman, at the time a prominent member of the
bar of New York. Remaining at West Point seven years,
he was sent, in 1847,10 Newport, Rhode Island, to take
charge of fortifications and other matters there. For the
next five years he was engaged in various works calling
into play his excellent qualifications as an Engineer, when,
in 1853, his health broke down, lie had now, after serving
with credit for eleven of the best years of his life, reached
the grade of First Lieutenant, and seeing no hope of early
advancement he tendered his resignation. The Secretary
of War (Jefferson Davis), alive to the value of his services,
offered him a year’s leave of absence as an inducement to
him to withdraw his resignation, with the understanding
that, at the end of his leave, he might still be at liberty to
choose between civil and military life. Accordingly, in
April, 1854, he resigned, the Chief of Engineers addressing
him a complimentary letter in acknowledgment of his long
and valuable services to his country. Soon after this he
was located in Cincinnati, where his office sign read :
“ William S. Rosecrans, Consulting Engineer and Archi-
tect.” Some time after he became Superintendent, and
then President of the Canned Coal Company, interested in
the development of coal fields of western Virginia. After
this he took charge of the interests of the Cincinnati Coal
Oil Company. But in these enterprises, although others
have since largely profited by his researches and experi-
ments, he was not pecuniarily successful. Still, he had be-
come a man of influence in the city which he had made his
home. The war coining on, he at once grasped the situa-
tion, and devoted his whole time to preventing any threat-
ened invasion of Ohio from over the border. On the
19th of April, McClellan, ^ien raised to a Major-General
of Militia, appointed him to select a site for a camp of in-
struction for volunteers. The site he 'selected was after-
wards known as Camp Dennison. Remaining here a few
weeks, Governor Dennison gave him several tasks to perform
in connection with the troops being raised, all of which he
accomplished with success. Early in June he was ap-
pointed Chief Engineer for the Stale, under a special law,
and a few days later Colonel of the 23d Ohio Volunteers,
and assigned to the command of Camp Chase at Columbus.
Four days after this his commission as Brigadier-General,
dating from April l6lh, 1861, reached him, and he was
called into active service in West Virginia. Two weeks
after he assumed command his brigade won a victory that
decided the first campaign of the war, and he displayed,
not only his ability as a strategist, but great gallantry in
charging the enemy at the head of his troops. The affair
was known as the battle of Rich Mountain. His success
was rewarded by his being placed in command of the de-
partment of West Virginia on McClellan’s departure for the
East. But his command was much depleted by the expira-
tion of service of some of his regiments, and the raw troops
by which they were replaced had yet to be tested. General

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

369

R. E. Lee was sent to oppose him, with Floyd and Wise
under him. The campaign ended with Lee being out-
manicuvred liythe Union General, and recalled to the East,
Jty a unanimous vole the Glno Legislature thanked the
vietor, and the Legislature ol West Virginia passed a like
resolution of thanks for his conduct of civil as well as
military affairs. In April, 1862, he was relieved of his
command to give place to Fremont, and ordered to Wash-
ington. After remaining there some time, about the middle
of May he was ordered to report to llalleck, then in front
of Corinth. Here, although placed in a subordinate com-
mand, being practically reduced in rank, he did good ser-
vice. After the battle he succeeded Pope in command of
the Army of the Mississippi. Almost alone he fought the
battle of I uka, through a blunder of two other commanders,
who failed to reinforce him. Becoming aware of a move-
ment on the part of the enemy to recapture Corinth, he
prepared to give them battle. Outnumbered, two to one,
the Union troops fought desperately, alternately losing and
gaining ground. At last, after great slaughter, the rebels
were driven back. In “ Pollard’s Southern 1 Iistory ” the-
battle is described as “ the great disaster which was to react
on other theatres of war, and cast the long shadow of mis-
fortune upon the country of the West.” In the very flush
of victory, and while in hot pursuit, he was refused aid by
Grant and ordered back to Corinth, much against his will.
A week or so after his return to Corinth he was ordered to
Cincinnati. From hence he was instructed to relieve Gen-
eral Buell in Kentucky. At the head of a large but de-
moralized army, he was requested by llalleck to move into
Fast Tennessee. Replying that this was impossible, he con-
tinued in his work of reorganization. Subsequent move-
ments of the rebels vindicating this course, his displeased
chief again and again ordered him to move, adding at last
that “ he had been requested by the President to designate
a successor for General Rosecrans.” The soldier’s reply
was: “ My appointment to the command having been made
without any solicitation from me or my friends, if the Presi-
dent continues to have confidence in the propriety of the
selection, he inuu permit me to use my judgment and be
responsible for the results ; but if he entertains doubts he
ought at once to appoint a commander in whom he can
confide, lor the good of the service and of the country.”
At last, after having thoroughly completed the reorganiza-
tion of his army, and having been in command two months,
he advanced upon the enemy at Murfreesboro’, December
26th, 1862. 1 1 is plan of battle was admirably arranged,

but was destined to be marred by the ill luck of a division
commander, who failed to hold his position. Disaster fol-
lowed hard upon, but the general in command never lost
his presence of mind. Rushing w here danger was greatest,
his orders were quick and peremptory. The rebels under
Bragg were checked, but the Union forces had lost heavily
in officers and men. After two days of fighting, without
advantage to cither army, Bragg made a grand onslaught,
47

driving one division across Stone river and following in
pursuit. On an eminence the Union general had placed a
collection of batteries, which was to linn the tide of the
day. When they opened their mouths the shuck was teriilie.
In forty minutes two thousand rebels were strewn about the
field, and as this slaughter was followed up by a charge by
the Federals the enemy retreated in confusion. The battle
of Stone River w'as over. On the first day the general’s
chief of staff, while riding by his side, had his head blown
from his shoulders, and others of his staff were struck.
The country went wild with joy over the great victory.
The personal courage of its author was in everybody’s
mouth. But with this victory the star of the general began
to descend. He could never agree with llalleck, and the
latter was ever finding fault. There is not space here to
give a full account of what followed Stone River. lie had
further successes against Bragg. The bloody battle of
Chickamauga was fought. Neither army could claim a vic-
tory, but it furnished cause for the removal of the Union com-
mander. He was relieved by General George II. Thomas.
Returning to Cincinnati, after having held the command for
one year, he was out of active service for three months, and
served as President of the Sanitary Fair at that place. He
never uttered a murmur at his misfortunes, but still used all
his influence for the cause of the Union, especially among
the Roman Catholics of the State, lie was still warmly
regarded by the citizens of Ohio, and he w'as looked upon
by them as a much-abused man. At last he was called
from his retirement, and ordered to relieve Schofield in
command of the department of Missouri. Here he was
actively' engaged in suppressing guerilla warfare, in ex-
posing the machinations o^ the “Order of American
Knights,” and in preparing to repel the rebel l’l ice’s
threatened invasion of the Stale. In the campaign against
Price, when the latter at last invaded Missouri, he success-
fully drove him out and inflicted severe punishment upon
him. But he never rose again into the full confidence of the
administration, and had not been for some time regarded
kindly by Grant or llalleck. The danger in Missouri being
over, be was, w ithout explanation or warning, relieved of
his command, December 91I1, 1-864, and took final leave of
active service. At the close of the war, being assigned to
no department of the service, he asked for a year’s leave
of absence. During this year he visited Nevada, and in-
spected the silver mines in that and other Territories. At
the end of his leave he resigned his commission in the
army. For some years he has been engaged in mining on
the Pacific slope, taking no part in public affairs, and
strictly confining himself to his business. He was, without
doubt, one of the greatest generals the war produced, and
certainly the greatest strategist. In appearance he is about
six feet high, well-formed, and wears a full but trimmed
beard. He is a very devout Catholic, and his brother,
Right Rev. Sylvester Rosecrans, is the Bishop of the Roman
Catholic Church at Columbus, Ohio.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ESOK, WILLIAM, Stove Manufacturer, was born,
September (>lli, l S l c>, m Mercersburg, Pennsyl-
vania. J 1 is father removed to Cincinnati in the
spiing of 1 S i t, where William was educated at a
private school, lie was apprenticed to learn the
tinner’s trade with his father, who had established
that business in connection with copper and gunsmithing.
lie labored industriously at this calling until 1833, when he
engaged in the same business on his own- account. In 1S35
he took the stove patterns to the iron furnaces on the Ohio,
and became the pioneer of stove manufacture in the West.
In 1S37 he started the first stove foundry in Cincinnati, and
from a small beginning increased the same from year to
year, until it now employs some two hundred and fifty
hands. In order to afford necessary business facilities for
liis largely augmented business, he removed to a larger site-
in 1S47, where he carried on the manufactory until 1S57,
when the foundry was destroyed by lire, together with the
large stock of patterns. Within sixty days after this casualty
occurred he had rebuilt the foundry, pattern shop, etc., and
had prepared new patterns and tools. At his own expense
he erected the first public school building at Clifton, where
he resided, and of which he had been one ol the earliest
projectors, having removed thither in 1844. lie was one
of the originators and directors of the Spring Grove Cem-
etery, and took a warm interest in various public enter-
prises. lie was a man of great energy, and possessed fine
executive abilities. He was exceedingly well informed,
and hid attained rare culture from extended reading, and
observation while travelling in Europe and other parts of
the world. During a portion of his business career his two
brothers had been associated in partnership with him ; and
for some time previous to his death his sons had been
active participants in the management of the works. lie
was married in 1S32 to Mary T., daughter of lion. Isaac
G. Burnet, late Mayor of Cincinnati, lie died April 3d,
1874, having been in active business until his death, when
the establishment passed into the hands of his sons and
another person who L likewise interested in the business.

^ENNEIT, JOSIAII IIIBBARD, Physician and
Surgeon, was horn, July 12th, 1826, in Allegany
county. New York, of American parentage and
of Welsh and French ancestry. He was princi-
pally educated at Temple Hill Seminary, at
Geneseo; emigrating to Ohio in 1S46 he com-
menced the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr.
William C. Porter, and subsequently finished his course of
study at the Starling Medical College, in Columbus, in the
winter of 1849-50. He commenced the practice of his
profession at Evansport, Defiance county, and was one of
the pioneer physicians of that section. He remained there
thirteen years, and in 1 S6 3 removed to Wauseon, in Fulton

county, where he has ever since resided and where he is
known and recognized as an able physician and surgeon.
In 1869 lie was appointed Surgeon for the air line of the
Lake Shore N Michigan Southern Railroad Company, upon
the special recommendation of lion. M. R. Waite, the pres-
ent Chief-Justice of the United States Supreme Court,
which position he still occupies with credit to himself, with
satisfaction to the company and with honor to the profes-
sion. He is an active member of the Fulton County Medi-
cal Society, and also of the United States Medical Congress.
His present prominence as a physician and surgeon is due
entirely to his own exertions and energy. In early youth
his advantages for culture were rather limited; but by dint
of industry and self-reliance — for he never received any
outside assistance — he has attained the position he at
present occupies; and his talents and rare skill have
received the deference to which he is entitled. He was
married, September 4th, 1850, to Tryphcna Denman, of
Defiance county, Ohio.

OIIN, JOHN W., Merchant, Manufacturer and
Wine Producer, was born in Bavaria, May 15th,
1S15. His parents were William L. and Cath-
erine (Daener) Solid, lie received an excellent
education in the public schools of the free city of
Windsheim, studying Latin, Greek, French and
the higher mathematics at the Gymnasium, and at the age
of seventeen was apprenticed to learn the trade of brewer
and cooper. Having finished his apprenticeship he came
to America in 1S34, and made his way to his present home,
Hamilton. Here for a time he was reduced to the greatest
extremity; and, being unable to find work at either branch
of his trade, began his career in the new world by chopping
wood at twenty live cents a cord. After -.some months he
obtained work at his trade in Cincinnati, where he remained
three years, and then returning to Hamilton started for
himself in a small way at brewing. His business gradually
extended and his means constantly increased till, in 184G,
he engaged in the tanning business, and this enterprise has
increased to very extensive proportions, embracing one
large tannery in Hamilton and another in Pike county.
Though no longer a brewer, he is still engaged in the
business of malting, and for years has been experimenting
with great interest in the prod action of native wine. lie
has the largest vineyard in Butler county, and has had
great success in producing wine from the Venango grape.
To all these enterprises Mr. Sohn has added the business
of pork-packing, in which Jine he does the largest business
in the county, and is interested with two of his sons-in-law
in the manufacture of the “ Universal Wood working Ma-
chine,” which is the invention of the young men, and a
work of great merit in the manufacture of scroll and other
kinds of wood-sawing and dressing. He also carries on a
leather and shoe-findings stoic in Hamilton, is a Director

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37*

of the Kir.il National lS;mk, and for fifteen years lias been
President of the Hamilton l ire Insurance Company. With
all his private enterprises he has still found time to take an
interest in public affairs, and has frequently been a member
of the City Council and the Hoard of Education of the city
of Hamilton. lie has also been County Commissioner,
and in 1S72 was nominated for Congress by the Liberal or
Greeley faction ; and though he had been a life long Re-
publican he received the unanimous vote of the Democratic
party, which refused that term to place an opposition can-
didate in the field, but with the great chief under whose
ensign he entered the arena he was defeated. It would be
superfluous to add, after having enumerated his business
enterprises, that Mr. Sohn is a man of great executive
ability, and it is likewise needless to state, having shown
the repeated marks of public confidence \\ hicli he has
received, that he has the esteem and good will of the com-
munity in which he resides. Cordial in his manner and
simple in his mode of life, he has acquired a large fortune
by honesty, industry and economy, and has done it all
without incurring the reproach (that too often falls upon
men of riches) either of parsimony or fraud. Ilis charity
has' been as broad as his means, and for a great many years
he has been President of the United German Society, an
association which looks after the physical welfare and in-
tellectual improvement of the German population of that
county. In 1S40 he married Catharine, daughter of Rev.
Charles E. Rosenfield, pastor of the German Lutheran and
Reform Church of Hamilton. With her he has had nine
children, three sons and six daughters, all of whom are
living.

ANKS, JEDEDIAH, Pioneer Manufacturer of
Cincinnati, was born at Millville, New Jersey,
September 1st, 1792. His grandfather was a
captain anil his father a captain in the American
army of the Revolution. Roth were captured by
the lirilish, at Amboy, and imprisoned for some
months. Jcdcdiuh was raised on a farm, received some
education, and in the war of 1S12 was one of the “ Minute
men ” of his neighborhood. In 1 S 1 7 , at the age of twenty-
live, be came to Cincinnati with his wife anil child, He
was a man of mechanical genius, and had picked up a
knowledge of iron-work that served him well in after years.
He assisted in the construction of the first boiler made in
Cincinnati. In the particular work of heavy welding in
those pioneer days he had no superior. His shop was sit-
uated on Columbus street, in what was known as “ Flat-iron
Block.” He was the first Steamboat Inspector appointed
through act of the Ohio Legislature, and for several years
held this position. He was one of the oldest and most
prominent Masons in the West, and for fifty years held
faithful relations with the order in Cincinnati, although he
had lyecome a member many years before in the East. lie

was made a Knight Templar at Lebanon, Ohio, more than
half a century ago, Sir Thomas Corwin being Eminent
Commander on the occasion. He was an enthusiast in the
order up to the time of his decease, and was one of those
who united in the organization of the Cincinnati Com-
mandery, in 1839. lie was also one ol the oldest volunteer
firemen. From his youth he had been a member of the
Methodist Church, although he seceded from the mother
church years ago and joined the Methodist Protestants,
lie died, January 28th, 1S76, having been retired from
activities of life over twenty-five years. Two sons and a
daughter survive him.

OX, DAVID C., Pension Agent for the District
of Columbia, was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on
the 14th of March, 1831. Ilis father, Horatio
]. Cox, was a native of New Jersey, but became
an early settler in the State of Ohio, where he
was largely engaged in the manufacture of paper,
and for some years acted as an associate judge. The
mother of David C. was nee Ann Chambers, of Virginia.
The education obtained was only the thorough course
given in the public schools, at the completion of which Mr.
Cox engaged in assisting his father in his business, with
whom he remained until about thirty years of age. lie
then entered the service of the Central Ohio Railroad, at
Rellaire, where he remained until January, 1862, when
General 15. R. Cowcn (the present Assistant Secretary of
the Interior), who had been chosen Secretary of Stale for
Ohio, selected him to be his chief clerk. In this capacity
he was engaged for about one year, and at the assembling
of the Ohio Legislature, in January, 1863, he was chosen
Clerk of the House of Representatives of (hat body, the
duties of which office he satisfactorily performed for the
session. On the adjournment of the Legislature he be-
came one of the secretaries of Governor Tod, remain-
ing thus occupied during the completion of that Executive’s
term, and also during the succeeding year (1864) under
the administration of Governor Brough. In 18C5 he was
again called to the chief clerkship in the Secretary of State’s
office, under lion. \Y. II. Smith; but he remained here
only for a brief period. On the election of Governor Cox
he was appointed on the gubernatorial staff as Assistant
Adjutant-General, with the rank of Colonel, and acted in
this capacity during his term of office. In 1S69 Mr. Cox
was appointed, by Columbus Delano, Supervisor of the
Internal Revenue Bureau, and consequently removed to
Washington, District of Columbia. The manifold duties
of this office were thoroughly and eminently satisfactorily
performed by Mr. Cox during his term of service in this
department, which lasted until March, 1871, when he was
transferred to the Interior Department, and acted as Super-
intendent of Documents up to February, 1872, when he
was appointed to his present office of Pension Agent of the

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37-2

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

District of Columbia, arid reappointed at the expiration of
his first term, a short time since. He was married in 1856
to Alice Lee, of Zanesville, Ohio. In politics Mr. C.'ux has
always acted with the Republican pally, and lie. lung con-
tinuance in public positions bears testimony to his ability
and integrity as a public servant. In 1871 lie was appointed
by the President one of the Board of Civil Service Commis-
sion, in which body he served for three years, and until its
dissolution.

RRERE, I ION. JOHN M., Postmaster of Hills-
borough, Highland county, Ohio, was born in
Fleming county, Kentucky, July 11th, 1800.
lie was the third in a family of twelve children,
whose parents were George W. Barrere and Abi-
gail Mills Barrere, who came to Ohio and settled
in New Market, Highland county, in the fall of 1S03. Until
his boyhood days were passed he was occupied mainly in
attending school during the winter months and working on
a farm the balance of his time. He was married, August
30th, 1821, to Margaret Morrow, a daughter of James Mor-
row, an early pioneer of Highland county, Ohio, who re-
moved to that place from Pennsylvania in 1807 ; he was a
useful and loyal citizen, and for a number of years held the
office of Justice of the Peace; he died February 22d, 183S.
In the spring of 1S22 John M. Barrere erected his Jog cabin
in the midst of a dense forest, his nearest neighbor being
one and a half miles away, and lived there until 1S30, clear-
ing in that time about twenty-five acres, and encountering
such hardships and privations as are unknown to the more
recent and fortunate settler. In the course of that year he
disposed of his farm and moved to the village of New
Market, where he was subsequently engaged in mercantile
pursuits for about sixteen years. He then sold out his in-
terest in the business and purchased a farm adjoining the
village, and returned to his former mode of life. On this
property he resided until 1867. He was made a Mason,
and admitted a member of Highland Lodge, No. 38, of
Free and Accepted Masons, on February .|th, 182b. lie
was subsequently exalted to the most sublime degree of
Royal Arch Mason ; advanced to the degrees of Royal and
Select Master, and admitted to the order of Christian
Knighthood; he has been an active and working Mason for
fifty years, serving as Master of Highland Lodge, No. 38;
High P riest of Hillsborough Chapter, No. 40, Royal Arch
Masons, and Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of Hillsbor-
ough Council, No. 16, Royal and Select Master Masons, for
many years, and long a member of the Grand Lodge, Grand
Chapter and Grand Council of Ohio. Ilis first election to
the Senate of Ohio, in which he served two years, dates
from 1843; his second from 1853, when he again served two
years. During his First term as a member of the Legislature
he secured distinction as a zealous supporter of the general
system of State banks. For thirty-five years he has been a

consistent and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and in its doctrines and communion finds the solu-
tion of the great problem of the life that now is and the
lile that is to come. In 1S01 lie assisted in raising and
organizing the both Regiment of Ohio Volunteer lnfantiy,
and accompanied it to the scenes of war as Adjutant, and
remained in the service until the fall of 1862. At Harper’s
Ferry, Virginia, he was wounded, and lost his left hand,
and with his regiment was taken prisoner by the Confed-
erate forces. He was subsequently released on parole and
returned to his home. Of five sons who served efficiently
in the Union army during the progress of the sectional con-
test, one died of disease, contracted while assisting in the
defence of the national Hag and the unity of the nation; one
was blown up on board of the ill-fated steamer “ Sultana; ”
and one was starved to death in that monstrous enclosure
known in the annals of infamy as Andersonville Prison. I11
1863 he was elected a member of the Board of Public Works
of Ohio, and was again elected in 1866, serving in that re-
lation for six years. In 1S67 he moved to Hillsborough,
where he now resides. In 1869 he was appointed Post-
master, and since that date has been constantly engaged in
the active discharge of the duties of that office.

OLLEY, JUDGE I'ERAS R., Judge of the Probate
Court of Lawrence County, Ohio, was born in
Otsego county, New York, May 5th, 1815. He
was the third child in a family of ten children,
whose parents were Daniel Policy and Mary
(Holcomb) Policy. Ilis father, a native of
Massachusetts, followed through life the trade of millwright,
and also agricultural pursuits; he moved to Ohio in March,
1S16, settling in Gallia county, whence; after selling his
farm, in March, 1S5S, he removed to Jackson county, Ohio,
where he resided permanently until his demise in 1864; he
had been an active participant in the war of 1812, and was
the son of Daniel Policy, a revolutionary soldier. Ilis
mother, a native of Chenango county, New York, was a
daughter of Zephaniah I lolcomb, one of the colonial patriots
and an officer in the army of the confederated provinces.
Until his fourteenth year was attained his days were passed
alternately in attending school in the winter months and in
working on a farm during the summer seasons. In 1829 he
was taken by his father to learn the trade of millwright,
while continuing to labor a part of the time as farm-assistant.
In this manner he was then assiduously employed until 1852.
At the age of twenty-one he had conquered so thoroughly
the mysteries and difficulties of his trade that he took the
rank of master-wright, and his initial work as a master-
wright was done in Scioto county, Ohio. Previous to 1845,
the date of his settlement in Lawrence county, Ohio, he
worked for varying periods in West Virginia and in Gallia
anil Scioto counties, and in other parts of Ohio ; subsequently

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EI )I A.

37 J

lie settled iii Elizabeth ti > w nslii p, Lawrence county, and was
there employed principally in working at liis tiade for about
one year, lie then moved to a place near Ironlim.in Upper
township, where, still engaged at Ins tiade, he remained
until i S 5 5 , when he settled in Iroliloll, where he has since
resided. In 1852 he was elected Magistrate of Upper town-
ship, and on his settlement in I ronton was elected to the
same office, which through successive re-elections was re-
tained by him until 1S69. Ill that year he was elected Pro-
bate Judge of Lawrence county; was re-elected in 1S72,
and has down to the present time held this office for about
six years. In 1856 he was elected Township Clerk of Up-
per township; has been re-elected several limes, and still
fills that position. His views and sentiments concerning
the polity of his country incline him toward the Republican
party, and his first vote at a Presidential election was cast
in favor of General Harrison. Religiously, he holds to the
form and spirit of the Baptist Church, of which he has been
a member since 1S52. Lor a number of years he has been
a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has taken a prom-
inent part also as an earnest advocate in the movements of
the temperance organizations. lie was married, May loth,
1S49, to Elizabeth Mayhew, of Lawrence county, Ohio, who
died December 25th, 1S51, with issue of two children ; and
again, February 28th, 1S54, to Rebecca Staley, of Wayne
county, West Virginia.

f

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T DC WAY, HON. JOSEPH, Jit., was born 011
Staten Island, New York, April 23d, 1800. He
was the son of Matthew Ridgway and Mary (De

threw the whole energy of his nature into the enterprise of
securing the benefits of the system to the State of Ohio,
whose surface he saw, with the quick discernment of the
practical engineer, was mole favorably adapted to the 1 heap
const 1 net ion o( railways than any place where they had up
to that day been built, lie became, accordingly, one ot the
principal stockholders and Director of one of the first rail-
roads laid in the State, the Columbus & Xenia, connecting
with the Little Miami Railroad. At the time of his death
he acted in the capacity of Secretary of the company. When
it became necessary to furnish rolling stock for the road, he
established a car-factory at Columbus, which became even-
tually one of the most important and successful business en-
terprises.of the Slate. In 1S44 he was a member of the Ohio
Senate ; was re-elected in 1846 a Representative of his county
in the House. He was one of the Commissioners to decide
upon the plan and to superintend the construction of the
new State House at Columbus, and it is in no small degree
to his cultivated taste and liberal ideas that the people of the
Stale are indebted for a building that, for its purpose, ranks
second to none in the country. After having established
for himself one of the finest homes in Columbus, and iden-
tifying himself in an important degree with every public
movement designed to further the improvement of the city,
he died, August 23d, 1850, keenly regretted by his towns-
men and friends, and by all throughout the Slate and West-
ern country who were acquainted with his career of honor-
able usefulness. He was married, November 28th, 1828,
to Jeannette'S. Tatcm, daughter of Charles Tateni, of Cin-
cinnati. The fruits of that union were ten children, live of
whom, two sons and three daughters, are now liiing.

puy) Ridgway. He was descended from a family Joseph Ridgway, Jr., died ^sorne years before his uncle,

of ancient Quaker people, the name of Ridgway
being one of the most prominent among the sect
in the two States of New York and Pennsylvania. Losing
his father at an early age, he left his home to reside with his
uncle, Hon. Joseph Ridgway, Jr., afterward member of Con-
gress from Ohio, but who was then residing in Cayuga
county, New York. Here he received his education at one
of the excellent academics lor which that Stale was then
famous. After acquiring a fair knowledge of engineering, he
moved to Ohio with his uncle when about twenty years of
age. Settling in Columbus, he commenced his career by
engaging in his chosen field of labor as an engineer on the
canals then in course of construction under Slate supervision
and management. Several years later he became a partner
in a large foundry establishment, which, brought into ex-
istence by his uncle, was at this time doing an extensive
business in the manufacture of plows and other agricultural
implements for the Ohio and Indiana trade. It was one of
the pioneer manufacturing enterprises of Columbus, and still
exists under the name of the Ridgway Foundry, although the
business has passed into other hands. Upon the demon-
strated success in Europe and the Eastern Stales of steam

Joseph Ridgway, hence he was always known as Joseph
Ridgway, Jr.

*

LACKMAN, GEORGE CURTIS, M. D., was
born at Newtown, Connecticut, April 2lst, 1 S 1 9.
lie was the second son of Hon. Thomas Black-
man, of the bench and bar of Connecticut, lie
graduated in medicine at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, New York, March 1st, 1840.
During the early years of his professional life he was em-
ployed as Surgeon of an Atlantic packet ship, and while
thus engaged crossed the ocean frequently. He spent con-
siderable time in professional study in Great Britain and
France — the greater part in London hospitals. While in
the great metropolis he had to contend with the greatest
poverty. lie was, however, kindly treated by Mr. George
Pollock, of St. George’s Hospital, and Sir William 1-ergus-
son. At a later date, he was one of the very few foreign
surgeons elected a member of the Royal Medical and Clii-
rurgic.nl Society. He was also honored by the same society
with a letter of thanks for a paper read before it. At an

railways, he at once set about a course of investigation, and early period in his professional life he became quite debili-

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374

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

tated from cough and hemorrhage, anil he was pronounced
a victim of pulmonary phthisis beyond all hope. I his pros-
tration was his chief motive lor so frequently seeking the
sea air, which always improved his health, lie crossed the
Atlantic thirty six times, besides visiting South America,
lie was a frequent and valued contributor to the medical
literature of the day, his lirsl article appearing soon after his
graduation. In this country there was not a surgeon of any
eminence that he could not claim as his personal friend;
among these were Mott, Gross and Barker. Jle was re-
quested by the first named to edit his translation of “Vel-
peau’s Surgery,” and to this work he added an appendix ol
great value, as well as many notes and comments, illus-
trating his remarkable acquirements in surgical literature.
In 1S54, upon the recommendation of eminent practitioners,
he came to Cincinnati. Soon after his arrival he was chosen
by the trustees of the Medical College of Ohio to fill the
chair of Principles and Practice in that institution. In this
position he continued until his death. In the lecture-room
he was effective and instructive, but it was in the hospital as
an operator that his great skill and power were displayed.
He would not only describe the case before him to the full
satisfaction of all, hut give the history of the disease and all
that had been written upon it. In this special field his en-
thusiasm was sublime. During the late war he was a
Surgeon of Volunteers, and was for some time Medical
Director to General O. M. Mitehel’s department of the
Army of the Cumberland, lie was also in the Army of the
Potomac. At the time of his death he was collecting mate-
rial for a work on surgery, and another on malpractice. His
extensive travel and wide knowledge outside his profession,
added to good conversational powers, made him a welcome
guest in society. In his last illness he was confined to his
room about six weeks, dying July 19th, 1871, his death
causing sincere regret among a large circle of professional
and social acquaintances. 1 1 is remains were taken from his
late residence in Avondale, a suburb of Cincinnati, and de-
posited in Spring Grove Cemetery.

OX, GENERAL JACOB DOI.SON, ex-Covernor
of Ohio, was born in Montreal, Canada, October
27th, 1S28. Ilis parents were natives of the
United States, and were temporarily residing there
at the time of his birth, his father being engaged
in building. Ilis mother was a lineal descendant
of Elder William Brewster of the “ Mayflower.” His
childhood and youth were spent in New York city, and he
removed to Ohio in 1846. lie was graduated at Oberlin
College in 1851, and began the practice of law at Warren in
the following year. In 1859 he was elected by the Repub-
licans to the State Senate from the Trumbull and Mahoning
district, and held this position at the outbreak of the war.
lie had for some time been a general officer in the State

militia, and was active in putting the State in a position of
defence, as he foresaw the coming difficulties to a certain
extent. In the three months’ service lie was a Brigadier-
Gene 1 ,d ol ( )h 10 Volunteers, and lie assisted General McClel-
lan in vai ions duties connected with the equipment of troops.
For a few months he had charge of Camp Jackson at Co-
lumbus, and was actively at work fitting volunteers for the
field. Soon alter recruiting lor three years’ service com-
menced, he was made a Brigatlier-Gcnei al by the President,
his former commission being held under Governor Denni-
son. Later lie was placed in charge of the military district
of Kanawha, and served with credit, if not distinction, in the
campaign that followed and lasted until the winter opened.
In the spring and summer of 1S62 he served under Fremont
iti West Virginia. In the fall he did gallant service at
South Mountain, taking command of General Reno’s corps
after the death of that officer. He commanded this (the
9th) corps at the battle of Anlictam. For his services in
this campaign he was, on the recommendation of Burnside
and McClellan, made a Major-General, to date from October
71b, 1862. Shortly after he was ordered to take charge of
the new State of West Virginia. In the spring of 1863 he
was assigned to the command of the District of Ohio, with
head-quarters at Cincinnati. In December, at his own
request, he was relieved and ordered to East Tennessee, and
commanded the 23d Corps during the winter. There being
an excess of officeis of that grade, his Major-General’s com-
mission had been withdrawn some time previous, lie saw
very active service in 1864, and led a division in many hard-
fought battles. After the fall of Atlanta lie was again
created a Major-General. In January, 1S65, his corps was
ordered to the East, and etnbatked from Alexandria for
Fort Fisher early in the following month. In the advance
upon Wilmington his troops fought well, and took an active
part in all the operations w hich ended w ith-Sherman’s junc-
tion w ith Schofield. On the 27th of March, 1865, he was
placetl permanently in command of the 23d Corps, and upon
the surrender of Johnston, was placed in command of the
w estern half of North Carolina, w here he superintended the
parole of prisoners at Greensborough. In July he was or-
dered to the command of the District of Ohio. Here he
had charge of the mustering out of troops. Before he was
mustered out of the service he was elected Governor of Ohio,
and resigned to enter upon the duties of that office. lie
was elected by the Republicans, but his course as Governor
did not meet the approval of his party. He drifted into
conservatism with Andrew Johnson. But he did not fully
indorse the President’s views on matters of state, and never
left the Republican party. He served but one term as
Governor, declining a renomination in advance of its being
offered, and resumed the practice of law’. From March,
1S69, to November, 1S70, he was Secretary of the Interior.
He was then engaged for some time in the practice of law
at Cincinnati. For some time he has been President of the
Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad, and being appointed

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I3IOGRAP1IICAL ENCYCI .OP/KDIA.

375

Receiver for the same, removed to Toledo in the spring of
1X75, where he now resides. General Cox is an accom-
plished scholar and relined gentleman. As a speaker he
always acipiits himself creditably. In llu: law her is well
read, though not a leader at the liar. lie was one of the
best civilian generals the war produced, and stood higher in
the estimation of the War Department at the close of his
service than at any previous time.

cCY(P CKLEY, HORACE A., Surgeon, was born in
j j\ rj Genesee county, New York, in 1815, and died,

W"Y-> April 24th, 1X59, in Cleveland, Ohio. He was
^7^ q educated in the common schools of his native
i_/ q u town and finished at a private academy. He
commenced the study of medicine on leaving
school, and, after some instruction at Elba and Batavia, at-
tended a course of lectures at Fairfield, Herkimer county,
where he graduated in 1833. I11 the following year he

removed to Rochester, New York, where he practised in the
office of I)r. llavill.and gave a course of lectures on anatomy
for Dr. Delimiter, at Palmyra, New York. In JS35 he removed
to Ohio, settling at first in Akron, where he practised medi-
cine. In 1836 he gave a course of lectures in Willoughby,
being appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Willoughby
Medical College. In the same year he removed to Toledo,
where he practised his profession three years, and then
removed to Cleveland, where, with other prominent physi-
cians and surgeons of that city, he founded the Cleveland
Medical College, or the Medical Department of Western
Reserve College, and was appointed to the Chair of Surgery.
This position he retained until 1858, when he resigned it.
During his occupation of the chair he acquired a high repu-
tation in the practice of surgery, and his large acquaintance
and extended reputation served to attract many students
from all parts of Ohio and the neighboring States. He was
gifted as a surgeon and anatomist, and had already laid the
foundation for an extensive and brilliant reputation. As a
lecturer he was very ellcctive and practical. His style was
impressive, and he had the magnetic power necessary for
attracting and securing the attention of his hearers. By
nature he was endowed with the qualities most useful to the
surgeon, being bold, dashing and fearless in his operations,
and having a strong will that enabled him to master his
sympathetic emotions and hold his feelings in check. When
he came to northern Ohio the art of surgery was but little
known or practised in the West, and he may justly be desig-
nated the pioneer of his section of his adopted State. The
reputation of his operations spread far and wide, whilst the
boldness of many of them and the coolness with which they
were carried through, made him famous throughout the
whole country. In the treatment of inflammations in their
various stages following operations, he probably had no
superior in the United States. He was a man of magnifi-

cent physique, extraordinary powers 01 endurance, and
great personal courage, w hich were severely tested in the
times of impassable roads, long distances, anil rude accom-
modations. In social life, as in professional, he was a man
ol strong convictions, lasting attachments, and deep-rooted
prejudices. In every way he was a positive man, of striking
appearance and marked character. His death was sudden.
When going to Cleveland from Detroit by steamer on the
night of the 21st of April, 1859, he was taken very sick, and
on his arrival at home was in an exhausted condition. He
lingered in great suffering until the evening of April 24th,
when his decision of character again asserted itself, and he
insisted on leaving his bed. He was assisted to a chair,
when he sank rapidly. A restorative was given to him, but
he motioned the glass from his lips, and expired immedi-
ately.

1332145

YERS, JAMES, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio,
was born in Dutchess county, New York, in the
month of June, 1795, of German ancestry. While
he was still very young, his parents removed with
him to Albany, and soon afterwards to Schenec-
tady. In the latter city it was that he received
his education. When the Erie Canal was completed and
opened to the public, he became Canal Collector. The
canal was one of the most important links in the chain of
communication between distant j rails of the country at that
time, and the position in which he served was an important
and responsible one. He held it until 1836, and by the man-
ner in which he performed its duties gave amp'e evidence
of his fitness for the position, .and in fact for any position
requiring ability, integrity and executive talent. During the
interval in w hich he served as Collector, he became promi-
nent as a successful contractor, and assisted in the construc-
tion of several roads in the State of New York. After
breaking his connection with the Erie Canal, he removed to
Toledo, Ohio, and there became a contractor on the Miami
& Erie Canal, including the weigh-lock above the city. It
was not only by his business abilities, great as these were,
that he won regard and rose into prominence. His personal
characteristics soon placed lnm in the front rank of citizens
of the State and of the town. His practical talents, his integ-
rity, and his interest in every measure of public importance,
won practical recognition from his feilow'-cilizens, who
availed themselves of these qualities, first by electing him to
the Common Council and the Board of Education of the city.
Subsequently he was elected as a member of the House of
Representatives of the General Assembly of Ohio. His
term of service in this body was followed by an election to
the State Senate. As a legislator in both branches of the
General Assembly, he ranked among the foremost, laboring
and with high and effective ability, not only for the interests
of his special constituency, but for the interests of the State
at large ; and his insight as to what (hose interests really

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

comprised, and liis practical knowledge of what measures
would best promote them, gave a special value to bis ser-
vices, which made them highly appreciated. In the year
1S51 he was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, and
served so acceptably during the term that, on its expiration,
he was triumphantly elected lor another term in the same
position. When this second term expired he retired finally
from active public life, and devoted his time and attention
wholly to the management of the large estate which his
ability, perseverance, industry and judicious management
had enabled him to accumulate. The last years of his life
were marked by great and almost constant suffering, from
which death released him on the 19th of June, 1S64, when
he had reached the ripe age of sixty-nine years. lie died
sincerely mourned by a large circle beyond those bound to
him by the ties of kindred and personal intimacy, and left
behind him a record which those who succeed him may well
point to with pride, lie married in 1821 Mary Sanford,
who died, leaving him two sons, neither of whom now sur-
vives. He married, for his second wife, L. Eliza Walker,
of Schenectady, New York. This union resulted in two
children, a son and a daughter, both of whom are now
living.

PftiT'3

' ICIIOI.S, PERRY J., Lawyer, was born about

f'l | three miles from New Richmond, Clermont county,
lli Ohio, March 30th, 1839. He was the second
child in a family consisting of six children, whose
parents were Thomas L. Nichols and E valine
(Donham) Nichols, liis father, a native of Cler-
mont county, Ohio, followed through life the vocation of
engineer, and is still living at New Richmond, liis grand-
father, Philip Nichols, was an early pioneer of Clermont
county, Ohio. His mother, also a native of the county last
mentioned, was a daughter of Colonel J. S. Donham, an
early settler of the southern portion of the State, liis boy-
hood days, until he had counted his thirteenth year, were
employed alternately in working on a farm and in attending
school during the winter months. In 1852 he engaged in
the carrying of the mail between New Richmond, Blanches-
ter, and Deerfield — this service consuming four days per
week — for about four years. During the remaining days of
the week he was employed in laboring on the farm.
Through those years of incessant toil, his leisure hours were
assiduously devoted to the improvement of his mind, and
the works then read by him added not a little to his store of
knowledge. In 1856 his attention was directed to engineer-
ing as a means to acquire the desired end in life, and during
the following two years he was engaged at this employment,
lie then attended various select schools for about three
years, and also pursued a select course of higher studies in
the Farmer’s College, near Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1S59 he
assumed the role of educator, and for two years was engaged
in teaching school, in the meantime occupying his leisure

moments by reading law, under the supervision of Perry
J. Donham, a prominent attorney of the Cincinnati bar. In
August, l8bl, he passed the requisite examination, and was
admitted to practise law. lie then selected New Rich-
mond as his field of professional labors, and has since resided
there almost uninterruptedly, engaged in the control of an ex-
tensive legal practice, lie has never sought or accepted office
of a partisan or political nature, and is inclined to favor the
views and measures of the Democratic party. Religiously,
his sympathies are with the Methodist Church. He was
married in August, 1862, to Jeannette Gilmore, a native of
Clermont county, Ohio.

t^ITCII, JUDGE JOHN, Lawyer, was born in
Scfiodac, Rensselaer county, New York, February
I Gill, 1806. He is the second son of William
Fitch and Sarah (Hanford) Fitch, who emigrated
from Norwalk, Connecticut, in the opening of the
present century, and settled in New York State.
He is a lineal descendant in the third generation from Hon.
Thomas Fitch, Chief Justice and Colonial Governor of the
Colony of Connecticut, in the reign of George III. 1 1 is
grandfather, Thomas Fitch, was a colonel in the revolu-
tionary army, and rendered distinguished services to the
American cause in the war with Great Britain. He was
educated primarily at the local institutions existing at that
period within the county of his birth. After relinquishing
his school books he entered as a law student the office of
Samuel II. Ludlow, at Nassau, Rensselaer county, New
York, where he remained about two years. He then en-
tered the law office of the late James Lynch, in the city of
New York, and upon the completion of his studies was ad-
mitted to the bar at the city of Albany, New York, in 1830.
lie commenced the practice of his profession at lloosick,
Rensselaer county, New York, and was occupied in its prose-
cution there until the fall of 1836, when he removed to
Toledo, Ohio, his present place of residence. Toledo was
then in its infancy, and although from its location possessing
many commercial advantages, was in fact a frontier town,
rude, unimproved and uninviting, save to the adventurous
and hardy pioneer, who foresaw in it at that early day the
elements of future growth and prosperity. In this western
spot he engaged hopefully in professional labors, and in due
course of time became a leading member of a bar whose
reputation was sustained eventually by no mean array of
legal learning and ability. For a number of years he served
efficiently as State Prosecutor, and while acting in that ca-
pacity elicited merited encomiums from bench and bar, and
also the general community, by the fidelity and energy
which he uniformly displayed in the discharge of his respon-
sible duties. In 1854 he was elected to the office of Judge
for the First Subdivision of the Fourth Judicial District of
Ohio, and entered upon the discharge of his duties Febru-
ary 1 2th , 1855. lie was subsequently twice re-elected to

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

377

this honorable position, his full term of service embracin'; in
all lifleeit years. Upon bis retirement from ottice, a series
of resolutions were adopted by the members of ibe bar ex-
pressing in warm terms llteir high appreeiation ol bis judi
eial services, and of bis character as a jurist, and disclosing
also the remarkable fact that out of seven thousand eight
hundred and thirty-three civil cases decided by him during
his term of office, only forty-three bad been disturbed by the
superior courts. ['hat fact, presenting in itself the most
welcome and desirable encomium applicable to a judge, tes-
tifies abundantly to his learning, integrity and judicial capa-
city : praise would be superfluous, lie united with the
Eree-Soil party in 1848, and during the exciting and troub-
lous days of dispute and contention over territorial rights
and privileges, was ever outspoken and fearless in language
and in action. At the present time the general policy and
measures of the Republican party run parallel with his
views and sentiments, and to it accordingly he gives bis
influence and support. lie was married, January 4th, 1S3S,
to Jane Maria Jenks, of Albion, New York.

AMPBELL, JOHN, is one of the few remaining
Pioneers of the Hanging Rock iron region, lie
has done more towards developing its resources,
and at present controls more real estate and iron
interests, than any other one man of the region.
The following is a synopsis of the many branches
of iron industry in which lie has engaged. In 1833 be was
employed in building the old Hanging Rock Iron purge,
long since demolished. The same year he, together with
Andrew Ellison, built Lawrence Eurnace for J. Riggs & Go.
Those were the fust iron works in which he engaged ; but
it was a beginning that gave to him the experience so need-
ful in the many enterprises lie afterward originated and
controlled. In connection with Mr. Robert Hamilton be
built Mount Vernon Eurnace in 1S34. The following year
be left Hanging Rock to manage the furnace. It was from
Mount Ycinuii that grew up the large iron interests whir It
were for a period of over thirty years known as Campbell,
Ellison N Co., of Cincinnati. In 1837, through the guar-
antee against any loss by Mr. Campbell and others, Vesuvius
Eurnace was induced to erect the first hot blast in America.
In 1841 lie made the change of placing the boilers and hot
blast at the top of furnace stack. The iron region was des-
tined to become one of Ibe most important in the country,
and none appreciated this fact more than Mr. Campbell.
Mr. Hamilton and he were the heaviest capitalists of the
region. While the former built a railroad from Hanging
Rock to his coal mines at Newcastle, Mr. Campbell was in-
vesting In other fm naees. In 184. |, with Mr. |olm Peters,
he built Greenup Eurnaee, Kentucky, and in l8.pi Olive
Eurnace, Ohio. In 1817 he built the Guilin Eurunee. lie
then proceeded to organize the Ohio lion X Coal Company,
48

of which he became President, and owned one-third of the
stock. Phis association, composed of twenty-four members,
twenty of whom wcie ironmasters, bought up lands above
Hanging Rock, and founded the city of Iroulon. lie gave
the new town its name, the first of some live towns after-
wards so called in the United States. The propriety of the
name becomes more and more apparent as time passes.
While the town was thought to be of much importance, yet
it was looked upon as but an auxiliary to the Iron Railroad.
This latter enterprise, in which Mr. Campbell owned over
one-third of the stock, was carried on by nearly the same
individuals who founded the town. I11 1849, with others,
lie built Keystone Eurnace, but gave his attention principally
to the new town and railroad. In 1850 he moved from
Hanging Rock to Ironton, and with the Ohio Iron & Coal
Company purchased Lagrange Eurnace. The same year he
built tbe stove foundry of Campbell, Ellison & Co., and in
1 85 1 was one of the founders of the Iron Bank of Ironton,
now known as the l' irsl National Bank. I11 1S52, besides
taking large stock in the Ironton Rolling Mill, now known
as the Iron X: Steel Company, lie subscribed to one-half the
stock for building the Olive Foundry and Machine Shop,
lie also purchased the Ilccla Cold Blast Furnace. In 1853
he became one of the largest stockholders in the Kentucky
Iron Coal Manufacturing Company, which founded the town
of Ashland, Kentucky. With Mr. D. T. Woodrow be
built Howard Furnace, to which has since been added the
Buckhorn Eurnace, under the In m name of Charcoal Iron
Company; and with Mr. John Peters he built the Washing-
ton Furnace, upon the Portsmouth Railroad. In 1854, with
S. S. Stone, ol Troy, New York, and others of Ironton, he
built a large establishment for the manufacture of the iron
beam plow. The same year, with others, he built the Mad-
ison Furnace, and also became one of the heaviest stock-
holders in the erection of the Star Nail Mill, one of the
largest in the region, and now known as the Hell fon t Iron
Works. In 1855, through the influence of himself at
Ironton, and Non. V. B. Horton, of Pomeroy, first tele-
graphic communication was established belwcitn these towns
and Cincinnati. In 185(1, with Colonel William M. Holies
and others, he built Monroe Eurnace, the largest charcoal
furnace in llie region. This and the Washington Eurnace
arc now under the firm-name of Union Iron Company, cf
which Mr. Campbell is President. In 1857 his rolling mill
interests extended to Zanesville, Ohio, where he was one
of the incorporators of the Ohio Iron Company. I he Oak
Ridge Eurnaee was operated by him at this date, but for a
short time only. The stress upon the iron market which
followed was relieved by the high prices obtained during
the war. During the war his course was maiked by intense
loyalty to the government. Although constantly devoted to
business, he is known as a very public spirited citizen. Of
the fourteen liirnaees in which he has been engaged, he
retains controlling interests in eight, and has lately been in
lercstcd in the election ol the Ironton Furnace. This is

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lilOGRAl’HICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

37S.

the eleventh furnace he has assisted to huihl. lie is of large,
massive frame, and has inherited a strong constitution which
gives to him an energetic, active old age. Although Ins
parents were wealthy at their decease, yet they were ol lull
little assistance, and his life exhibits what can be accom-
plished by industry and integrity combined with good judg-
ment. His parentage is Scotch-Irish, his ancestors having
removed in 1612 from Inverary, Argyleshire, Scotland, into
Ulster, near Londonderry, Ireland. 1-heir descendants in
1740 moved to Augusta county, Virginia. I' rom these were
descended many who attained to civil and military distinc-
tion in the States of Virginia, Tennessee, ami Ohio. Mr.
Campbell’s grandparents came from Virginia to Bourbon
county, Kentucky, in 1790, and from thence in 1798 to the
part of Adams now called Brown county, Ohio. At the
dale of his birth, January 14th, tSoS, Staunton, now known
as Ripley, was not laid out, but in early life he engaged in
business with an uncle at that place ; from thence he came
to Hanging Rock.

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,000 ALE, LINCOLN, M. I)., Physician and Mer-
chant, was born in Worcester county, Massachu-
setts, on February 25th, 17S2. In his seventh
year, his father, Major Nathan Oood.de, an officer
in the war of the Revolution, removed to Mari-
etta, in the State of Ohio, reaching that place with
his family about August of the year 17SS. The party which
then settled in Marietta was made up almost exclusively of
revolutionary officers and their families, and this was the
first regular settlement within the limits of what is now the
State of Ohio. Major Goodale settled soon after at Belpre,
on the Ohio river, sixteen miles below Marietta; was there
captured by the Indians in 1794, and died a few months
after near Sandusky, on his way to Detroit, to which place
the Indians were taking him in the hope of getting a ransom
for him. He was a brave man of high character and a
member of the Society of the Cincinnati, in which Dr.
Goodale by inheritance succeeded him and look a deep in-
terest in its proceedings and history. Dr. Goodale studied
medicine at Belpre; came to lV.anklinton, Ohio, in 1S05,
and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1S12 he
volunteered and joined the army before war was declared,
and was appointed by Governor Meigs, Surgeon’s Mate in
Colonel McArthur’s regiment, lie was taken prisoner at
Hull’s surrender and was sent to Malden, where he re-
mained for some time with our wounded men, and brought
them, as soon as they were released, to Cleveland, arriving
himself at l-'ranklinton, in October, 1812. He soon after

engaged in mercantile business, and pursued it successfully
for the next twenty-five or thirty years, removing to Colum-
bus about the year 1S14, where he died April 301 h , 1S68.
He was a resident of Ohio for about eighty years, and prob-
ably the oldest citizen of the State at the time of his death.
Integrity, energy, industry, and economy gave him large

wealth; kindness and charily taught him how to use it.
His ails of public and private beneficence are his best and
most eudmiug monument.

II.LEV, GEORGE, Lawyer, born in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, January 2d, 1821, was a son of New ton
Willey, a merchant largely connected with iron
and ship interests in that city. Until the age of
fourteen he received instruction in the Boston
schools. His father died when he was quite
young, and after that time his uncle, Judge John W. Willey,
superintended his education. He spent four years in Jeffer-
son College, Washington, Pennsylvania, where he graduated.
After leaving college he went to Cleveland and read law,
the first year in the office of Judge Willey, and the second
with Bolton 6c Kelly, when he was admitted to the bar in
1842. In 1843 he formed a copartnership with John E.
Cary for the practice of law, which continued many years.
During the time it required for his practice to grow, lie de-
voted a portion of his time to the cultivation of literary
tastes, ami also to the subjects connected with the educa-
tional institutions of the city. His abilities as a public
speaker and writer upon the fine arts and subjects of popular
science made him a favorite lecturer upon these and kindred
topics. II is addresses before popular assemblies were models
of elegant diction, and full of useful and interesting points.
His strong interest in the cause of education soon brought
him into sympathy and co-operation with a large number of
energetic and public-spirited men. In Cleveland the public
schools were in their infancy. He was anxious to have
them organized so that children could be educated as thor-
oughly in the high schools as in the primary. He had
much prejudice with which to contend' in demanding thor-
oughly graded schools, w hich are now the pride of that
city. Several years after 1845 he filled the office of Man-
ager and Superintendent of the public schools. His efforts
towards perfection of organization were very effective and
important, llis printed reports are full and exhaustive on
all the topics connected with systems of teaching and the
policy to be pursued by the authorities in fostering the edu-
cation of the city’s youth. Such reports had a wide influ-
ence and circulation. The perfection of the school system
which he established w as so great that no private schools
could be maintained in Cleveland. One of the most effi-
cient teachers of the high schools, since an author of valu-
able text books, writes of Mr. Willey as follows: “ 1 1 is
mind is remarkably well balanced, and he sees the relative
values of knowledge better than any man I ever knew'. It
was just here that he made himself so valuable in the early
organization of our schools and in forming plans of instruc-
tion. Enthusiastic teachers are exceedingly apt to get into
narrow' channels and see but a few things at a time. Willey,
with his broad and splendid view's, in half an hour’s talk

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

379

would fetch them into clearer seas anil show them the big
earth.” These broader anil more philosophical notions of
education lor the millions especially characterised the
schools dm inn the eight or ten years that Mr. W illey w as
Secretary of the Board of Education. 1 1 is gilts, natural,
physical and mental, were thoroughly disciplined and cul-
tivated. 11 is practice has been largely devoted to those
special departments of the law which embrace the trans-
actions of a large commercial and manufacturing seaport,
lie has been largely engaged in cases in the admiralty
c nuts and in those arising under the patent laws. By his
thorough research and originality of views he has made
valuable contributions to the science of maritime law, and
is conceded to have no superior in the qualities necessary
to a mastery of the scientific principles and technical diffi-
culties of the patent law. W hen General Grant was elected
to the Presidency he appointed Mr. Willey United States
Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio; and when he
was elected the second lime he renewed his commission,
lie has at times filled the chair of President of the Library
Association, and also of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Col-
lege, and has been often connected officially with other
public institutions. His official duties as United States At-
torney, in connection with his varied and general legal
practice, have been discharged with fidelity and ability.

RIFFIN, GENERAL CHARLES, was born in
Licking county, Ohio, in 1827. A part of his
education was received at Bardstown, Kentucky,
lie was sent to West Point, July 1st, 1843, and
after his graduation was assigned to the artillery
as a Brevet Second Lieutenant. The war with
Mexico being then in progress, he was at once ordered to
active duly. He had command of a company in the army
commanded by General Patterson. From Mexico he was
ordered to Florida, in January, 1S4S, and to Old Point
Comfort in December. In the summer of 1S40 he was
made a First Lieutenant in the 2d Artillery, and sent to
New Mexico in command of a cavalry company. For the
next live years he was on the frontier; the next three on
garrison duty at Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, and from
1857 to i860 engaged in various military duties. At the
outbreak of the war he had been for a few months As
sistant Instructor of Artillery at West Point, when lie was
ordered to Washington with the West Point Battery, after-
wards known as Griffin’s Battery. He commanded this
battery until June, 1862, when he was made a Brigadier-
General of volunteers. With his brigade he took part in
the battle of Mechanicsville, and was conspicuous for his
gallantry. At Malvern Hill he had command of the
artillery, supported by his own brigade, and was opposed
by the rebel Magriider. The command of the latter was
badly cut up in the engagement and thrown into confusion.

He participated in all the battles of the Army of the Poto-
mac, beginning with the first Bull Run and ending with
l ive Forks. When the surrender ol Lee was agreed upon,
he was appointed one of the commissioners to arrange the
details. His command in the war was at first a battery,
then a brigade, afterward a division; and on the battle-field
of the Five Forks, when Sheridan was placed in command
of the entire force, he was assigned to the command of the
5th Corps, which he retained until the disbandment of the
army. After this lie was appointed to the command of the
Military Division of the State of Maine. When mustered
out of the volunteer service he was made Colonel of the
35th Infantry and Brevet Major-General. He was after-
ward ordered to Texas, and some time after succeeded
Sheridan in the command of the Fifth Military District.
While holding this important military command he was at-
tacked by yellow fever, which terminated fatally, September
15th, 1867. The record of this lamented officer is without
blemish. Front the time he entered the service in Mexico
until death claimed him he was absent on leave but once —
in 1859. He escaped unhurt in every engagement, al-
though he had several horses shot under him at different
times, and once had the visor of his cap torn away by a
bullet, lie also hail two other narrow escapes, in one of
which his sword was broken by a musket-ball. He was
married, December loth, 1861, to Sallie Carroll, daughter
of Hon. William T. Carroll, of the honored Maryland
family of that name.

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ATES, NAHUM BALL, ex- Mayor of Elyria,
Lorain county, Ohio, was born in St. Albans,
Franklin county, Vermont, September 28th, 1812.
He is the son of John Gates and Abigail Gates,
who were descendants of an English family, of
Marlborough, Massachusetts. He was educated
at the St. Albans Academy, in his native place, and also in
the common schools of Vermont. V hile in his eighteenth
year he assumed the role of educator, and was. engaged in
teaehini’ a district school, during the winter months, until
his removal to Ohio. April the 291I1, 1834,110 emigrated
to Fdyria, Lorain county, Ohio, settling there finally on
the following May nth. He then engaged in mercantile
business, primarily as clerk, eventually as proprietor, meet-
ing with varied successes in his several ventures. For a
period of six years he was engaged in the forwarding and
commission business, at Black River, Lorain county, Ohio,
and while thus occupied secured a foremost position among
his local co-workers in the commercial circle. He was
also one of the first Directors in the Cleveland & Toledo
Railroad. Until the dissolution of the Whig party he was
one of its warmest supporters, and subsequently became a
" F’ree-Soiler,” or Republican. F rom 1838 to 1842 he
served as Sheriff of Lorain County ; and by appointment, in
1857, became Treasurer of the same county, lie was also

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fur four years, from i8f>2 to 1866, Collector of Internal
Revenue, and ultimately was deprived of that office by
Andrew Jolmsou for alleged political opposition. For
eight years lie has olheiated as Mayor o( Klyria, and during
this time performed the duties of his office with credit to
himself and entire satisfaction to his constituents. lie was
married, May I2lh, 1S41, to Sarah S. Monleith, eldest
daughter of Rev. John Monleith. He was President of the
Lorain County Agricultural Society for ten years.

rjjOYT, JAMF.S M., Id.. D., Lawyer and Capitalist,
was horn in Utica, New York, January 16th, 1S15.
lie received a good education, and in 1834 gradtt-
ated at Hamilton College, New York. On leav-
ing college he began the study of law in Utica,
but soon removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and in
1836 read law in the office of Andrews N Foot. In the
following year the law partnership of Andrews, Foot &
Hoyt was formed and continued for twelve years, when the
appointment of Andrews to the bench of the Superior Court
of Cuyahoga necessitated his withdrawal. The firm of
Loot N Hoyt continued until 1853, when Mr. Hoyt with-
drew from the practice of law and gave his whole time to
the purchase and sale of real estate in Cleveland and vicin-
ity. His operations were heavy, large tracts in and around
the city were purchased, divided into lots and sold for
homesteads. About one thousand acres of city and sub-
urban property were owned wholly, or jointly with others,
and by him subdivided into lots and sold for settlement,
and more than a hundred streets were opened and named
by him. In all these transactions he was universally
credited with the extreme of liberality and generosity to-
wards those with whom he had transactions, and especially
towards the poor and those whom misfmtune or sickness
had unexpectedly placed in straitened circumstances. His
uniform uprightness, scrupulous regard for truth and justice
and honorable dealing with his clients, secured for him,
when practising law, the title of " the honest lawyer,” and
the same characteristics in his real estate dealings main-
tained the reputation won at the bar. He united with the
Baptist Church in Utica in 1835, and has since been a
member of that denomination, and active in religious and
moral causes. For twenty-six years he was the Superin-
tendent of the Sabbath-school of the First Baptist Church
of Cleveland, of which he is a member. He then resigned
the superintendency of the school and became a teacher of
a congregational Bible class. Although never ordained a
minister, lor twenty years he preached at intervals, having
been licensed for that put pose by the church with which he
was connected. In 1S54 he was chosen I’resident of the
Ohio Baptist State Convention, and w as annually for twenty
years elected to that position, presiding over anniversaty
meetings in nearly every city in the Slate of Ohio, lie was

chosen I’residcnl of the American Baptist Home Mission
Society, the national organization for missions in North
America, and was re-elected annually until 1870, when he
retired. For about eight years he was President of the
Cleveland Bible Society, tut auxiliary to the American Bible
Society. In 1870 he was elected a member of the State
Board of equalization, a body which, for high character,
talent and practical business sense, has never been sur-
passed in the history of the State. As the appraisement of
all the property of the Stale went through the hands of the
Board, the responsibility and labor were very great. But
the Board gave general satisfaction. In 1873 he was ap-
pointed a member of the Cleveland Board of Public Im-
provements. In 1870 the degree of I.L. D. was conferred
on him by Dennison University, of Granville, Ohio. In
physical science, history and belles-lettres he was w ell read.

1 1 is contributions to periodical literature and his addresses
attracted marked attention. The Christian Rcvinv for
October, 1863, contained a finished, analytical and ex-
haustive article on the subject of “ Miracles” from bis pen.
lie has ever been noted for his good works, whether re-
ligious or patriotic. In 1836 he wars married in New York
to Mary Lila Beebec. Of the six children born of this
union five are now living. The eldest, Rev. Waylan Ilojt,
is pastor of Shawmut Avenue Baptist Church, of Boston,
Massachusetts; the second son, Colgate Iluyt, is in business
with his father.

ROSSE, ASA 1 1 ALL ALLEN, Physician and Sur-
geon, was born at Cincinnalus, Cortland county,
Newv York, on the 22d of August, 1824. His
parents were in'moderale circumstances, and he
early learned the lesson of self dependence and
sell help. At the age of thirteen years he left
home to make his own way in the world, and henceforth
relied entirely upon his own resources. He went to work
on a farm, and such school education as he obtained was
by going to a district school during the winter months, his
summers being too much occupied in farm labor to give
him any opportunity for summer study. Not long after
leaving home he went to Ashtabula, Ohio, and there, in
addition to the opportunities afforded by the district schools,
he for a time enjoyed the advantage of attending the Ash-
tabula Academy. From thence he removed to Mentor,
Lake county, Ohio, where, at the age of sixteen, he com-
menced the study of medicine. After having attended
three full courses of medical lectures he graduated at the
Willoughby University, in Lake county, Ohio, in the year
1842, and went at once to Amherst, Lorain county, Ohio,
lie had, when he arrived in Amherst, 1 1 ft y dollars, and oil
the day alter his attival he made the uncomfortable dis-
covery that forty-six dollars of his little fortune consisted
of bills of a bank known as the Ohio Railroad Bank, lo-
cated at Cleveland, ( thin, w ith h had failed the day before,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP.ED1A.

3«<

ami were perfectly worthless, so that his available assets
amounted to ju^t four dollars. Fortune was not stubborn
a".iiust him, however, foi almost immediately he Inrincd a
p.ulnoislnp with Dr. laiman fenny, an old physician ol the
place, and so was introduced to a practice that speedily be-
eame large and lucrative. Ilis partner elierl at the end of
three years, and then he look the entire charge of the prac-
tice. His diligence, ability and skill, added to the high
reputation he had already earned, made him well known as
one of the most successful physicians in the county. As a
citizen, no less than as a physician, is he appreciated in the
community, and from lime to time that appreciation lias
been shown by placing him in several of the elective otlices
of the township of Amherst, lie has successively held the
offices of Township Assessor, Township Clerk, Justice of
the Peace, and was the first Mayor of the incorporated vil-
lage of North Amherst, lie was Postmaster of Amherst
during President Johnson’s administration. Politically lie
is a Democrat, and, although the requirements of his pro-
fession do not leave him much leisure to devote to politics,
he is nevertheless one of the leading spirits of his party in
the community where he. lives. Although he lias acquired
a fair competence, his experience has not been one of un-
minglcd prosperity. On the 1st of March, 1858, he was
thrown from his carriage, and his right leg was broken at
the ankle, living a heavy man, the ends of the broken
bones were forced through the skin and boot-leg, and were
driven three or four inches into the ground by the violence
of his fall. It was found impossible to save the limb, and
it was amputated below the knee by Professor Horace A.
Ackley, his former preceptor. He has been three times
married. His first wife, Diantha Walker, he married in
1S44, by whom he had four children, three daughters and
one son, one of whom, Mrs. II. \V. llarnard, is now living.
1 1 is wife, Diantha, died in 1K55. On the ifith of Septem-
ber, 1859, he married Sarah 11. Post, by whom he had one
son, now living, ilis second wife died in tS66, and on
the 18th of November, 1875, he married ldla G. Pelton,
of Vermillion, Ohio. The doctor has a vigorous constitu-
tion, and from present appearances he has from twenty to
twenty-live years of good practice left in him yet; that is,
he is hale and hearty, and the youngest in the community
always find him a pleasant social companion.

the custom with many merchants at that time, in the pur-
chasc, preparation and shipping of tobacco. In this business
he was very successful, but he preferred the life of his
earlier years, and in 1S54 he reliied from merchandising
and purchased and removed to a farm on t aptina neck,
where he subsequently resided and where he died. In early
lile Mr. Welsh was a Whig, but on the dissolution of that
party, in 1854, he united with the Fillmore party, and sup-
ported that gentleman for the Presidency. He was elected
to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1857 by the united
vote of Americans and Republicans, and re-elected in the
same manner in 1S59. At the expiration of this term of
olhee he was chosen Slate Senator from the Belmont and
Harrison, district, and served in that body two years. In
1868 he was Presidential Elector for the Sixteenth District,
and was chosen to carry the vote of Ohio to Washington.
1 le was elected Treasurer of State in 1871, and held the
office for two terms. His death occurring just six weeks
before the expiration of his second term, his son, I.e Roy
Welsh, discharged the duties of the office until the incoming
of the new Treasurer. Mr. Welsh was strongly opposed to
the extension of slavery, and during the war his entire sym-
pathy and support were given to the Republican party.
While residing at Beallsville he wrote a series of articles in
defence of the State Bank of Ohio, which attracted a great
deal of attention and were extensively published and no-
ticed. He also wrote an essay on the “Agricultural and
Mineral Resources of Belmont County,” for which a prize
was awarded him by the Stale Agricultural Society, lie
kept fully up with the times in which he lived; was a ready,
careful writer, and frequently employed his pen in the dis-
cussion of current topics. Although never in any sense an
office-seeker, he became closely identified with the politics
of his time, at the bid of the people who knew him to be a
man of strictest integrity and unblemished character. In
legislation he was practical and common sense in his views
on all subjects. As a speaker he made no pretensions to
oratory, yet his presentation of a subject under discussion
commanded universal attention for its fairness and practi-
eabililv. He was a Cumberland Presbyterian, and by his
1 death the church lost one of its strongest supporters. He
died at Ids home in Belmont county, November 29th, 1S75.

ELSII, I ION. ISAAC, was born in Belmont
county, Ohio, July 20th, 1S11. Ilis parents
were Pennsylvanians, and his father, Crawford
Welsh, was one of the pioneer settlers of the
county. Ilis father being a farmer, he pursued
that calling until shortly after he became of age.
He then married Mary A. Armstrong, daughter of Thomas
Armstrong, and removed to Beallsville, Monroe county,
Ohio. Here lie-engaged in mercantile pursuits, and, as was

OLLINS, JAMES IE, Lawyer, was born, June
1 Sill, 1836, in Allegheny county, Maryland, and
is a son of Johnson and Esther Collins. Ilis
father’s family emigrated from England to Amer-
ica in the seventeenth century and settled in Dela-
ware; and the family have been members of the
Methodist denomination ever since its organization in
America, several of them having acquired eminence as
ministers of that church. He removed with his parents to
Belmont county, Ohio, in ('844, and he was occupied with

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

3§2 ,

farm duties for nine years thereafter, attending the district
school in winter. In 1853 he engaged as a teacher in the
schools of the neighborhood, in order to obtain means suffi-
cient to complete his education at the Baruesville Classical
Institute, then under the control of John J. Thompson and
Samuel Davenport. Having acquired the requisite instruc-
tion, he commenced the study of law with I lull. John Daven-
port in 1855, and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme
Court in 1857. lie commenced the practice of his profes-
sion in llarnesville in [ 859, in which he has continued ever
since, and controls a large and lucrative practice in the
courts of the State anti United States, having been retained j
as their regular counsel by several corporations, among which
are the Bvllimore & Ohio Railroad Company and the l'irst
National Hank of llarnesville. In political faith he is a
Democrat, lie was a member of the National Convention
which assembled at Chicago in 1864 and nominated General
McClellan for the Presidency. In 1S73 he was the candidate
of the Democratic party in Belmont county for member of
the Ohio Constitutional Convention, but was defeated by
Judge Cowell. He was married in 1857 to Rachel fud-
kins, who died September 141I1, 1872. lie was married a
second time, October 2d, 1873, to Harriet l'\, daughter of
Benjamin and Ann M. Davenport.

'OWARD, DRESDEN WINFIELD HOUSTON,
cx-Senator, Capitalist and Fanner, was born in
Dresden, Yales county, New York, on the 3d of
November, 1S18, of American parents and of
English ancestry. In 1821 his parents removed
with him to Fort Meigs, Ohio, on the south bank
of the Maumee river, where they landed on the 1 7 1 h of June
in that year. In 1823 his father, Edward Howard, removed
to Grand Rapids, eighteen miles above Fort Meigs, where
he died in 1841. Such education as he received was ob-
tained during a rather brief attendance at the school of the
Indian mission, ten miles above Fort Meigs. He worked
with his lather upon the farm during his youth, but as he
grew up he became an Indian trailer, and continued in that
line of business until he was about thirty years of age. Ik-
assisted in the removal of the Pottawatomie and Ottawa
Indians from the Maumee to the west of the Mississippi
river, and continued to trade there until 1842, when, on the
death of his father and brother, he returned to Ohio. After
a few return trips up the Missouri river, lie settled down to
farming, stock-raising and wool growing. In 1852 he re-
moved to Alamakee county, Iowa, where he bought of the
government a tract of land, upon which he laid out the town
of Winfield, now Harper’s Ferry, on the west bank of the
Mississippi, lie returned to Ohio in 1853, where he his
been engaged in agricultural pursuits ever since, adding to
his business as farmer the wink involved in various official
positions and numerous enterprises as an energetic and ju-

j dicious capitalist. During the war he was prominently and
effectively active. He was appointed by Governor Dennison
. a member of the State Military Committee, in which posi-
tion he was continued by Governors Tod and Brough, and
I .....

throughout the struggle he was busy assisting in organizing

regiments and forwarding general military preparations.
Politically, be has been a steadfast and consistent Repub-
lican. He was the elector from the Tenth Congressional
District of Ohio at President Lincoln’s first election, and
was a delegate at the Baltimore Convention, which nomi-
nated Mr. Lincoln for his second term in 1864. In 1870
he was elected a member of the Stale Board of Equalization.
I11 the fall of 1871 he was elected to the Ohio Stale Senate,
where he served with honor for two years, lie is President
of the Toledo (S; Grand Rapids Railroad Company, which
road is to be built from Toledo to Council Bluffs, lie is
also Treasurer of the Toledo & Southwestern Railroad
Company. He is Director of the Commercial National
Bank of Toledo, of which institution he is a charter mem-
ber. He was married, in October, 1S43, to Mary Black-
wood Copeland, of Delaware county, New York. He has
two children, a son and daughter ; the son he named after
the noted chief and warrior, Osceola, of the Seminoles of
Florida, for whose ability he had great respect. He has al-
ways been the true friend of the Indian, at whose hands he
received many favors and kindnesses during his early life,
and in later years had much influence among the abiriginal
tribes. President Lincoln, being informed of his disposition
and influence with the Indians, and recognizing these quali-
fications, offered him the Superintendency of the tribes on
the Upper Missouri river, but the appointment was declined,
as he bad never sought or held public position of any kind.
A

PROUD, CLARENCE EUGENE, M. IT, Physi-
cian, Surgeon and Dentist, was born at Bloom-
field, Ontario county, New York, January 14th,
1847, and is the son of Dr. C. T. Stroud, a distin-
guished dentist of Sandusky, Ohio. His mother
was Lucy F. Allen, of Ontario county, New York;
her ancestors were among the earliest settlers of western
New York State, and related to Ethan Allen. He was edu-
cated in the High School at Palmyra, New York. Leaving
there in 1S65, he entered his father’s dental office at San-
dusky, Ohio, in order to secure a thorough knowledge of
the dental profession. Subsequently, in connection with his
father, he practised dentistry in Sandusky for five years, dur-
ing which time he was preparing himself for the medical
profession, devoting his time more specially to anatomy,
comparative and surgical. He matriculated at the University
of Michigan, medical department, Ann Arbor, in the autumn
of 1871 ; attended the lectures in and followed the course
of studies | iresci died by said college. 1 11 the spring of 1 872
he entered the Detroit I lonueopathic College, from which

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

3S3

institution lie graduated in the summer of 1S72; during tliis
session lie was ;i j >j >< > i n ( c < 1 Demonstrator of Anatomy, and
was elected Professor of Anatomy in the Hahnemann Insti-
tute, Detroit, which positions he Idled during the coming
session. Thereafter he commenced the practice of his pro-
fession at Wyandotte, Michigan, remaining there about one
year, and succeeded in securing an extensive practice, de-
voting himself chiefly to the surgical branch of the science.
While there he wrote a series of letters, which were pub-
lished in the ll'yani/o/ti’ I'.nterprise, entitled, “Guide for
Emergencies, or Surgery for the People.” In the spring of
1S73 he returned to Sandusky, Ohio, where he is at present
in the active practice of his profession, lie is an able physi-
cian and useful citizen. He was married in 1S70 to Belle
Leiter, daughter of A. I.eiter, of Bellevue, Ohio; she died
September 17th, 1871.

'VANDY, TRUMAN P., Financier and Banker, was
born in Paris, Oneida county, New York, January
17th, 1807. He received a good academical
education, and made preparations for entering
college, but at the age of eighteen, after having
been employed in stores in Utica and New Hart-
ford, he accepted the clerkship in the Bank of Geneva, On-
tario county, in that Stale. Five years later he resigned and
removed to Buffalo, to assist in the organization of the Bank
of Buffalo, in which he held the position of teller for one
year. In 1S32 he removed to Cleveland, having been in-
vited there for the purpose of resuscitating the Commercial
Bulk of Dike Erie, established in 1816, but which had
failed and its charter been purchased by lion. George Ban-
croft of Massachusetts, the historian. He accepted the post
of cashier, organized the bank, and it prospered until 1S42,
when its charter expired and a renewal was refused by the
Legislature. I11 the financial crisis of 1 S3 7 it had been com-
pelled to accept real estate in settlement of the estate of its
involved customers, and thus became one of the largest land-
owners in the city. At the close of the bank Mr. Handy
was appointed trustee to divide this properly among the
stockholders, which he accomplished in 1S45. In 1845 lie
had a well-established private banking house under the firm-
name of T. P. Handy & Co. In 1845 he organized the
Commercial Branch Bank, under the act of Legislature of
that year, authorizing the establishment of the State Bank of
Ohio, lie was Cashier and acting manager. The success
was so great that the stockholders realized an average of
twenty per cent, on their investments for a period of twenty
years, when its charter terminated in 1865. In 1861 he ac-
cepted the Presidency of the Merchants’ Branch of the State
Bank of Ohio, which had been crippled by the failure of the
Ohio Life and Trust Company. Under his skilful manage-
ment it rapidly recovered lost ground. In 1865 the bank
reorganized as a national bank, under the provisions of the
United States national banking laws, with a capital of one

million dollars, six hundred thousand of which were paid
in. He was elected President and conducted its afiairs with
great success. From >850(0 i860 he served as Treasurer
of the Cleveland, Columbus N Cincinnati Railroad Com-
pany, and managed its finances with great sagacity, lie is
still a Director of the company, although he resigned the
treasurership in i860. I Ie first demonstrated the practicabil-
ity of establishing a profitable commerce direct with Europe
from the lake ports. In 1S5S he despatched three of a fleet
of ten merchant vessels, laden with lumber and staves, from
Cleveland to English ports, and from that time the foreign
trade with the lakes has been kept up. Very few took a
deeper interest in educational and philanthropic causes, or
labored more earnestly for their advancement and success,
than Mr. Handy; but he never held or sought positions of
political prominence, lie served as a member of the Board
of Education with Charles Bradburn, and was one of that
gentleman’s ablest coadjutors in reorganizing and improving
the school system of Cleveland. They succeeded in placing
it on a basis of lasting prosperity. In the Sunday-school for
more than forty years he was a constant, active worker. For
seventeen years lie was President of the Industrial Home
and Children’s Aid Society, of which he had ever been one
of the most liberal supporters. He is a member of the Pres-
byterian Church; has always been sincere and earnest in
his life long connection with it, yet free from the cant of
many religious societies. He has ever been broad and lib-
eral in his views. He is dearly beloved by children, with
whom he is very generous and is now as young in heart as
the little ones he loves so much. lie is justly entitled to
the name of philanthropist, on account of his substantial,
effective labors for the relief of the poor and helpless and in
rescuing the vicious and ignorant. lie has made three ex-
tended visits in Europe for the purpose of investigating the
financial, religious and educational systems of the Old
World, and Cleveland has been largely benefited by the
valuable knowledge he gained on those occasions. In
M arch, 1S32, he was married to Harriet N. Hale, of Gen-
eva, New York, by whom he had one daughter, who was
married to John S. Newberry, of Detroit.

c'VEY, ALFRED HENRY, Lawyer and Author,
was born, April 281b, 1843, >» Fayette county,
Ohio. He is descended from an old and well-to-
do family ; is of Scotch descent on his father’s
r j <0 side, and of English on the maternal ; his grand-
father, Janies McVey, removed to Ohio about the
beginning of the present century. lie received his elemen-
tary education in the common schools of the Slate, where
he remained until he hail attained his seventeenth year,
when he entered the Southwestern Normal School, at
Lebanon, Ohio, where he was prepared for college. While
but a youth lie was noted for his studious habits, and bclore

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOI’.EDIA.

leaving tlic common school lie was familiar willi a wide
range of English literature, lie entered the volunteer ser-
vice in 1862, and served in the 79th Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry. Early in 1864 he entered the Ohio Wesleyan
University, at Delaware, from which institution he gradu-
ated iu the classical course of 1868. While in college, al-
though in all things a good student, he was especially
marked for his literary attainments, and was considered as
the best debater in the university. After graduation he was
elected a tutor in the institution, which position he resigned
to enter upon the practice of the law. Mr. McVey is also a
graduate from the law school of the Cincinnati College. He
opened his law office in 1SO9, at Wilmington, Ohio, and
immediately took rank among those who had been long in
practice, and evinced unusual ability both in presenting his
cause to the jury or in arguments addressed to the bench.
In February, 1S72, he opened an office in Toledo, where he
soon after removed and has since continued to reside, and
where, in addition to having a good practice in the local
courts, he has more particularly devoted himself to profes-
sional duties in the courts of the United States. I11 addition
to his forensic efforts, he has for some years devoted the
time usually termed leisure to authorship. He has giv en to
the profession “ McVey's Ohio Uigest,” published iu 1875,
consisting of two large octavo volumes. This work has
been highly commended by the press, and is considered by
the legal profession a standard work. As a proof of its
superior excellence, it may be stated that within seven
months after its first appearance it had reached a third
edition, lie has also prepared a digest of the cases decided
by the New York Court of Appeals, which is now in press.
He is now engaged in the preparation of a work, requiring
great research and learning, entitled “Christianity before
the Law,” in which he traces the relation of Christianity to
the law under the governments of continental Europe, and
also Christianity as a part of the common law of England,
preliminary to the discussion of the relations which Chris-
tianity sustains to the common and statute law of the United
States, l’ersonally, he is tall and well proportioned; while
bis countenance betrays the man of thought and great
capacity for mental work, lie was married, January, 1869,
to Anna, daughter of the Rev. William Holmes

<9 /pVLEVIN, PATRICK S., Lawyer, was born on April
A VC 1 5 1 li , 1815, in county Donegal, Ireland, his pa-
rents belonging to the upper middle class and
being comfortably circumstanced in life. While
he was quite young he was brought by them to
America. They settled in Adams county, Penn-
sylvania, and there he received his education. Eater he
removed with his parents to Perry county, Ohio, and there
he read law with lion. John B. Orton. In November,
1840, he was admitted to the bar, and very soon afterwards

he began to practise law in the city of Dayton. In Novem-
ber, 1852, he removed to Defiance, Defiance county, Ohio,
where he again entered upon the practice of his profession,
and where he continued in successful practice for several
yeais. 1 11 the fall of 18(10 he removed from Defiance to
Perrysville, Wood county, Ohio, and there entered into a
partnership with Hon. Janies Murray, Attorney-General of
the State, which continued until August 8th, 1862. At that
time he entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the tooth
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. For about a year there-
after he was engaged with his regiment in campaigning
throughout the State of Kentucky. Then, attached to the
23d Army Corps, he went into Tennessee, and eventually
joined General Sherman in his march upon Atlanta,
Georgia. Long before this he had been promoted to the
rank of Colonel, through the resignation of the original
colonel of the regiment. He remained actively engaged in
the Atlanta campaign until the 6th of August, 1864, when,
in a charge on the enemy’s works near Atlanta, he was
very dangerously wounded, and disabled for life. In this
same charge he lost over one-third of his command in killed
and wounded ; and for his own meritorious conduct in the
affair lie was brevcllcd a Brigadier-General. This engage-
ment, however, terminated his military service, for, in con-
sequence of his wound, he was obliged to resign and leave
the army. While with his regiment he was engaged in the
following battles: Lenoir Station, Knoxville, Rocky Pace
Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Etowah Creek, Atlanta and many
others of less importance. Returning to Ohio after leaving
the army, he resumed the practice of his profession. In
April, 1 867 , he was appointed Collector of Customs for the
District of Miami, port of Toledo. In 1871 he was re-
appointed to the same portion, which he held until No-
vember, 1S74. In December of that year he was appointed
General Secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Associa-
tion of Toledo, the duties of which position he continued to
fulfil for a year, at the end of which time he became a city
missionary in Toledo, and the work of that calling he still
continues to perform. For twenty-three years past he has
been a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ITTSTEIN, GUSTAV C. F., was born in the city
^ J I I of Ilanover, February 29th, 1S29; studied at

^ J, preparatory schools until nine years of age, when

(/■AW) he entered the Lyceum of Hanover, which he
e, attended to his sixteenth year as a pupil, at which

time his parents removed to Nieuburg, on the
river Weser, which place was, by the then king of Han-
over, Ernest Augustus, made the place of residence fur his
father, an engineer in the service of the government. For
the two years during which he stayer! there he received
private lessons in languages, history, drawing, etc., from
good teachers. When seventeen years old he entered a

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/EDIA.

3«5

mercantile :il >1 is] uiurn t in tin.* old city of Bremen as an

:ii >| >r«-n I ic t-, his term of apprenticeship being four years.
After liis term expired lie entered the large glass factory of
] iermann lleye, near Minden, I'rnssia, as bookkeeper ami
eoi respondent. i laving remained there four years, and
having for several years contemplated emigration to the
United States, lie left liremen in September, 1854, and
arrived in New York, from whence he went, after a few
days’ stay, to Baltimore, where, through the recommenda-
tion of a friend, who left Europe a few years before him,
he received an appointment as bookkeeper in a large
American wholesale dry-goods house. However, not feel-
ing quite at home yet in the English language, he left his
position, and with a friend started for the far West, then
so called, making Burlington, Iowa, his destination. Travel-
ling mostly by rail, and the balance from Galesburg, Illi-
nois, by stage-coach, the trip was made. He first entered
a drug store, and commenced his career by mixing up a lot
of putty. After a year in this position he accepted a posi-
tion in a hardware store, and in September, 1S56, accepted
a position in a large wholesale hardware house in Chicago
as bookkeeper. In the fall of 1859 he went to Toledo,
accepting an offer in the hardware business. Later, in
1861, he look the position of cashier and bookkeeper with
a large commission house on Water street, remaining with
them until their dissolution, a period of six years. He
started in the commission business for himself in 1869. In
the fall of 1874 he was nominated by the Democratic party
and Liberal Republicans for the office of County Auditor,
and elected by nearly 700 majority, in the October election,
lie h as been a Republican since the party organized, and
during the last Presidential election a Liberal Republican,
but without ever taking a very active part in politics, lie
was married in 1858 to Mrs. Caroline Pocschcl, from
Vienna, Austria.

c LAN, IION. EZRA, Soldier, Lawyer, and jurist,
was born, Api il 91I1, 1705, in the town of Hill
dale, Columbia county, New York, and was
descended from an ancient family which settled
in Massachusetts in 1630, each successive genera-
tion of which appears to have contained some
man of eminence in the different departments of life. Dur-
ing the first five generations the gospel ministry seems to
have been the profession most favored, until about the
period of the American Revolution, when lawyers first made
their appearance in the family. Among these latter was
Silas Dean, who took an active part in the Revolution, and
who was chosen by the Continental Congress, in September,
177b, one of the ambassadors, in connection with Benjamin
Eranklin and Thomas Paine, to conduct the negotiations
between the confederated colonies and France. Others of
the family, le--s conspicuous, were doing duly in the ranks
ol the revolutionary army. Ezra Dean, when hr: was but
49

nineteen years old, was appointed by the Secretary of War
an Ensign in the I 1 1 h Regiment of United Stales Infantry,
then doing duty against the British on the northern frontier;
and on February 20th, 1815, he was commissioned a Second
Lieutenant by President Madison, to take rank from October
1st, 1814, for meritorious conduct in the sortie of Fort Erie,
on 17th September, 1814. He was in the battles of Bridge-
water and Chippewa; and his regiment held the advance in
the storming of Queenstown Heights, in September, 1814.
At the close of the war, and before he had attained the age
of twenty, he was placed in command of a revenue cutter
on Lake Champlain, in which capacity he rendered effec-
tive service in guarding the interests of the country against
the ever daring class engaged in smuggling. After occupy-
ing this position for about two years he resigned the service,
and was next assigned to a place in the corps of government
engineers who ran the boundary line between the State of
Maine and the province of New Brunswick, and was so
employed about a year. Having determined by this time
upon his future career, he went to Burlington, Vermont,
where he became a student at law, under the preceptorship
of Governor C. P. Van Ness, and remained with him for
two years, and then removed to Plaltsburg, New York,
where he completed his preparatory course of law study.
On October 1st, 1822, he was admitted, by the Supreme
Court of Appeals of the State of New York, a member of
the bar of that State. In 1822, when Ohio was among the
young and thinly peopled Western States, lie removed to
Wooster and entered into the practice ol the law, in Wayne
and the surrounding counties. He devoted his entire
energies to the study of the law and the practice of his pro-
fession for the succeeding seven years ; and in 1832 he was
chosen by the General Assembly, President Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, his circuit being composed of the
counties of Wayne, Knox, Holmes, Richland, Medina, and
Lorain. He served in that capacity the full constitutional
term of seven years, lie took his place on the bench in
1 he beginning of the exciting discussions on the slavery
question. In some of the counties of his judicial district,
especially in Knox, clubs or combinations were formed to
prohibit all discussion of the slavery question; and in some
instances they went so far as to commit acts of outrageous
violence against those individuals w ho attempted to address
the people on the slavery question. These combinations
were made up from both the Whig and Democratic parties,
and seemed to represent the sentiments of the people.
Judge Dean did not hesitate a moment as to his course of
official duty. In every county wdiere these combinations
existed, he charged the grand juries that it was their duty
to ferret out and indict all those engaged, either in overt
acts of violence or in secret conspiracies against the sacred
right of free discussion. In one instance his associates were
so terrified at the symptoms of violence in the crowd, that
they feigned sickness and deserted the bench ; but this did
not terrify Judge Dean : he was there to do his duty. Upon

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J![ck;rai'!iicai, f.ncyclop.fdia.

the convictiun of the leaders in those organizations, lie vis-
ited on them the extreme penalty of the law; lint such was
the stall' of public opinion, that the lines imposed hy him
were invariably remitted by the county commissioners, lie
was one of the true disciples of Jellerson, who enforced,
with all the judicial sanction of the bench, the precept of
his great exemplar, that “ Error of opinion may be safely
tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.” In the
memorable campaign of 1840 he was one of the few Demo-
crats elected to Congress from Ohio, and took his seat in
that body, March 41I1, 1841. lie was re-elected in 1S42,
thus serving in that body for four years. Such was the
sense entertained of his merits, that he lacked but one vote
of being the choice of his Democratic friends in the Legis-
lature for United States Senator, when benjamin Tnppan
was chosen. Upon his retirement irom Congress, he re-
sumed the practice of law in Wooster, and in 1S52 look
into partnership his son and only child, Ezra V. Dean,
whom he had trained for the bar. This relation continued
until 1S65, when the son removed with his family to Iron-
ton, Ohio, and engaged in active practice there, and where
lie was joined by his father two years later. In the summer
of 1S70, in company with his oldest granddaughter, he
visited the battle-fields in the vicinity of Niagara Falls,
where he had stood for his country in the war of 1812; and
thence he went down the St. Lawrence, and viewed the
places about Lake Champlain, Plaitsburg, liurlington,
Vermont, and other scenes with which his youth bad been
associated. After an absence of the summer season, during
which he carefully observed and noted all the great changes
lime had wrought, he returned home ready to meet the
great change which, in the ordinary course of nature, he
was conscious he must soon experience. He kept himself
thoroughly informed as to all the great social and political
movements going on in different parts of the world, and
took a profound interest in whatever related to the public-
welfare within his own or other countries. 1 1 is memory
continued fresh and accurate, so that he never lacked an
apt quotation or an illustration from history suited to the
subject of his conversation. Few men were better read in
ancient and modern history, especially in the history of
England and of his own country. 1 1 is convictions were
deep and settled in whatever he believed to be right ; and
he adhered to them with a firmness and uttered them with
a boldness which neither the war of tumult could drown
nor the clamor of opposition modify or subdue. It was the
force of these convictions which sometimes gave him the
appearance of dogmatism in conversation ; yet he was most
tolerant of what he believed to be errors of opinion in
others. From the great diversity of life which he experi-
enced in the vicissitudes of a soldier’s camp, the deck of a
revenue cutter, or tracing a boundary line, the practice of
the law and its administration among a pioneer people to
that of a legislator in the Federal Congress, lie had garnered
up in the well arranged storehouse of an unfailing memory

a great variety of knowledge. besides the diffusion of
thought and sentiment which animated his discourse, it
was enlivened by ingenious illustrations, pointed sentences,
and always seasoned by a vein of good humor, which ever
recommended him to lavur and attention. Some of the
cardinal maxims which influenced the conduct of his life
were the following: Always to speak the truth; never to
deviate frum principle; and never to give any one expecta-
tions that would not be likely to be realized, lie was
strongly opposed to speculative projects ; believing that
through patience and industry was the only sure way to
happiness and prosperity. A strict and consistent moralist,
he granted little indulgence to laxity of morals in others.
I lis maimers were formed in the old school of grace and
dignity. He disliked familiarity, avoided trifling conversa-
tion, and could not tolerate any violation of good manners
in others. He was thoroughly versed in the Scriptures and
with the history of the church, and well acquainted with
the creeds of the sects. He had an abiding confidence in
the truth of the teachings of Christ, holding His precepts to
be the supreme rule for the government of human conduct;
yet he never united with any branch of the church, as he
regarded their creeds as but substitutions for a plain self-
interpreting gospel. Concerning bis domestic manners and
private life, old age never presented a more beautiful specta-
cle than his devotion to his wife. For many years she had
been an invalid, while he was her patient nurse, exhibiting
towards her all the tender care and solicitude \\ Inch marked
the love of his early youth, by his grandchildren he was
venerated, and indeed by all his relations within the range
of his domestic circle. ( )f Ins intimate acquaintances, those
who were his friends in his youth remained his companions
and friends in his old ag<?. ■ lie was married in 1823 to
Eliza, daughter of William Naylor, of Wooster, lie died
January 25th, 1S72, after an illness of but four days. His
widow survived him but six months.

FITZFL, GENERAL GODFREY, was born in
Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, November
1st, 1S35. His preparatory education was obtained
in the common schools of his native city, and he
was a member of the senior class of the old Cen-
tral High School. At the age of sixteen he was,
through the influence of Hon. D. T. Disney, sent to West
Point. In 1855 he was graduated, ranking second in a
class of over thirty. A brevet Second Lieutenancy in the
Corps of Engineers fell to his lot, and a year later lie
became a full Second Lieutenant. In 1S60 he was pro-
moted to a First Lieutenancy, and in the spring of 1863 he
was made a Captain. From 1S55 to 1859 he was with
P. G. T. beauregard, as assistant in the construction and
repairs of fortifications in Louisiana, when he was relieved
and ordered to West Point as Assistant Professor of Military

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

3«7

(mil Civil Faigincei i u<^. In the winter of 1S61 lie was

ordered to re port for duty with Company A, Engineers, and
with it proceeded to Washington, where it acted as body-
guard to Ahraham Lincoln in the inauguration ceremonies,
d he next month he accompanied it to Port Pickens, F’loiida.
While here he twice reconnoitred within the enemy’s lines
under confidential orders front the commandant. lie re-
turned to the academy in the fall, and was from thence
ordered to report to General O. M. Mitchel, commanding
the district of Ohio, as Chief Engineer, and also for recruit-
ing duty. On December loth, tSoi, he was transferred to
the engineer battalion of the Army of the Potomac, and
placed in command of a company. He was also assigned
to the special duly of putting together some of the pontoon
trains for the army. By this time he had attracted the
attention of his superiors to his qualifications as an engineer.
When Butler's expedition to New Orleans was being or-
ganized, he was appointed its engineer. While with Beau-
regard in that city and vicinity, he had become possessed
of an intimate knowledge of the country, and this now
became of great service to the government. Arriving at
Ship Island he was taken into consultation with General
Butler and Captain Farragut of the navy, who was after-
wards to gain such widespread fame. Acting upon his
advice in every movement, these commanders were enabled
to reduce the defences of New Orleans, and he then guided
Butler and his troops around the marshes and bayous into
the city. For bis eminent services he was made Assistant
Military Commander and Acting Mayor of New Orleans,
and also placed in charge of recruiting at that point. After
the battle of Baton Rouge he went thither under orders, and
laid out the fortifications there. In September, 1S62, he
was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and placed in
command of a brigade of raw troops. Ordered by his com-
mander to proceed against the enemy, he entered the La
Fourchc district and routed the rebels in every encounter,
and changed the condition of affairs there to one of order
and safety. In April, 1863, he proceeded against Port
Hudson, and did cllcclivc work before reaching and .during
the siege of that place. Alter the surrender lie was made
commander ol the 1st Division, 19th Corps, and after
being engaged in various military undertakings with more
or less success, he was sent to Ohio in December, on re-
cruiting service. Upon his return he made application to
be transferred to Butler’s command in Virginia, havin'* a
warm regard for the man who had accelerated his promo-
tion. lie was transferred to this department in April, 1864,
and was made Chief Engineer and also placed in command
ol the 2d Division, 1 St h Corps. In the former capacity he
constructed the various lines of defence, works, and bridges
oil the James and Appomattox rivers, including the ap
proaches and piers for the famous pontoon bridge, by which
the Army of the Potomac crossed the former. I11 Septem-
ber, alter returning from a rcconnoissance to the mouth of
the Cape Fear liver, looking to the reduction of Fort

I Fisher, he was placed in command of the 181I1 Corps. Soon
' alter he was attacked with fierceness by the enemy, but re-
pulsed them with great loss. In December he was assigned
to the command of the 25th Corps, colored troops, which
he held until lie was mustered out of the volunteer service,
lie was second in command in Butler’s operations against
Fort Fisher. In the closing operations against Richmond
he had command of a considerable force, and was the first
to enter the city, April 3th 1865, taking up his quarters in
the house hastily deserted by Jeff Davis the night before.
When President Lincoln visited the fated city, he was re-
ceived by General Weitzcl. On the 12th of April he com-
menced preparations for the transfer of his command to
Texas, where he served under Sheridan until February,
iSbfi, when he was mustered out as Major-General in the
volunteer service and returned to the Engineer Corps.
While on the Texas frontier he was a warm sympathizer
with the Mexican Republicans, in their efforts. to throw off
the yoke of Maximilian, and strongly protested against the
cruelties practised by the Imperialists. A sharp correspond-
ence took place between himself and one of the Imperialist
generals. After leaving the volunteer service, he engaged
in engineering, and, among other duties, made the plans
and estimates for a canal around the falls of the Ohio, on
the opposite shore from Louisville. At present he holds
the rank of Major and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of Engi-
neers, and is stationed at Detroit, having charge of the
building of a canal at that place. He also has general
supervision of the light-house service of the lakes. Toward
the end of the war he was married to a daughter of Mr.
George Bogen, prominent in the wine trade of Cincinnati,
lie is acknowledged to be (me of the best engineers of the
United States service, and is to be found only where difii-
cult work is being performed.

W)

gUUl GOD. SAMUEL BRYANT, Wholesale Grocer,
q ‘ | I was born in 1829, in the town of Warwick, Franlc-

j. j I lin county, Massachusetts, ami received there only a

common school education, being reared on a farm,
where he labored until he was twenty-one years
of age. At this time, in order to gratify his dis-
position for different employment, he left home and repaired
to Greenfield, Franklin county, Massachusetts, where he
became a hotel clerk. At that place and in that position
he won many friends by his urbanity and desire to give
satisfaction ; and he was enabled, through habits of steadi-
ness and the practice of a strict economy, to accumulate
means and become proprietor. He continued in the hotel
business for a period of fifteen years; and by his superior
administrative qualities and assiduous attention to his call-
ing, he was enabled to command a respectable amount of
funds, with which be removed to the city of Toledo in
18(18, and there purchased an interest in the film ol Benson

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383 ,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

& Woodberry, wholesale grocers, under the name and style
of Henson N Wood, the former junior partner retiring,
'l'his business connection continued until I N 7 2 , when the
firm was dissolved, by the death of the senior member,
lie then purchased die interest of the latter, and the busi-
ness is now conducted in his own name. He is a quiet,
practical man, of great force of character, combining a
steady perseverance in business, with an easy, gentlemanly
deportment, and has thus secured an excellent patronage;
while his name is a synonyme for integrity, soundness, and
fair dealing, and his life and present position are sturdy
witnesses of what perseverance, industry and economical
habits will accomplish.

ILLIARD, RICHARD, Merchant, was born in
Chatham, New York, July 4th, 1797. His father,
David Hilliard, died when his son was but four-
teen years of age. After his father’s death he
left Albany and resided with his brother in
Skeneateles, where he divided his time between
clerking in a store and teaching school until he was
eighteen, when he removed to Black Rock and became a
clerk in the general merchandise store of John Daly. He
was soon admitted to a partnership without capital. In
1S24 the partners removed to Cleveland, Mr. Hayes resign-
ing the active management of the business to his junior
partner, who, in 1S27, purchased Mr. Daly’s interest and
continued to carry on the business alone. l!y his unwearied
industry and strict integrity he succeeded in building up so
large a business in dry goods and groceries that it became
advisable to have a partner in New York for the purchase
of goods, l’or that purpose he associated himself with Mr.
William Hayes of that city. For a number of years the
firm of Hilliard & Hayes carried on a wholesale business
in dry goods and groceries that made it one of the foremost
houses in that line in the West. Its field of operations was
extensive and steadily increasing, and the reputation of the
house was of the highest. 1 he New York house was
dunged to Hopkins, Hayes & Co., Mr. Hilliard still being
the principal proprietor. The transactions of this firm were
very large. At the same time he was associated with
Cortland 1 ’aimer, of New York, in extensive purchases of
real estate. In 1856, when on the journey home from
New York, he took cold; a short but fatal illness followed,
when he died on the 2ist day of December, 1856. No
merchant ever stood higher in the public estimation for
ability and integrity. 1 1 is paper was never dishonored or
ever placed in doubt, and his word was as good as a written
contract. II is financial abilities were very great and appre-
ciated by other merchants. In all transactions he was
economical, 1ml he was wisely liberal, giving generously,
but being careful that his generosity was not unworthily be-
stowed. He early interested himself in the scheme for
supplying the city with water from Lake Erie, and was one

of the hist commissioners of the Water-Works Board, lie
negotiated the bonds of the city for the water works most
advantageously. The works were completed under his
presiding directions iu the most thorough and complete
manner, so that they have continued to give the greatest
satisfaction to all parties concerned. He also took a deep
interest in the construction of the Cleveland, Columbus &
Cincinnati Railroad, the first railroad line reaching Cleve-
land, and was one of the most successful in procuring stock
subscriptions. Although he avoided taking an active part
in politics he was a conservative Democrat. He w'as one
of the officers of the village of Cleveland previous to its
organization as a city, and the first year after it became a
city, in 1836,11c was elected an alderman, and tilled the
same office again in 1S39. He was frequently tendered the
Democratic nomination to Congress, but always declined to
accept. He was courteous and considerate to all, a warm
and trustworthy friend, generous and charitable in thought,
word and action. 11c was liberal in his religious views,
and was utterly devoid of narrowness or selfishness. He
was married to Catharine Hayes, of New York, wdio died
four years prior to his death, leaving seven children.

C’Tiil INSI.OW, RICHARD, Shipowner, was born

Falmouth, Maine, September 6th, 1769, being
descended in a direct line from Knchn Winslow,
brother of Governor Edward Winslow of l’ly-
mouth colony, and one of the Mayflower Pilgrims.
In 1 S 1 2 he left Maine for North Carolina, where
he established himself at Ocracoke, and became largely in-
terested in the commerce of tftat place both by sea and land.
In 1830 he determined to investigate the great West, and
in May, 1831, he arrived with his family .in Cleveland. He
became agent for a line of vessels between Buffalo and
Cleveland, and also of a line of boats on the Ohio canal.
He commenced business also as a shipowner on his own
account, his first on the lakes being the brig “ North Caro-
lina,” built for him in Cleveland. /V few years later he was
interested in building the steamer “ Bunker Hill,” of 456
tons, which was a very large size at that time. Then
followed a long line of sail ami steam craft, built for or
purchased by him alone, or in connection with his sons,
who became sharers with him in the business, until the
Winslow family ranked among the foremost shipowners
on the western lakes. In 1S54, after twenty-five years of
active business on the lakes, and being then eighty-live
years old, he retired, leaving his interest to be carried on
by his sons, who inherited his business Tastes anti abilities,
lie enjoyed his retirement but three years, having met with
an accident which seriously affected a leg he had injured
years before, and resulted in his death. He was a true
gentleman, his nature being warm and impulsive, quirk to
conceive and prompt to act, cordial in his greetings, free

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3«9

from even the suspicion of meanness or duplicity, courteous
to every one, and strongly attached to those he found
worthy of his intimate Inendship. Although he neither
sought nor desired ollice he took a warm interest in public
affairs as a citizen. lie was married to Mary Nash Grundy,
of Camden, North Carolina, who became the mother of
eleven children, four of whom, N. C'., 11. J., R. K. and
Edward, survived him. Mrs. Winslow died October, 1858,
having survived her husband a little over.a year. Ilis son,
Rufus King Winslow, was born in Oeraeoke, North Caro-
lina. lie removed with his family to Cleveland in 1831,
and was sent to school in the old Cleveland Academy.
When twenty-one years of age he became associated with
his brothers, N. C. and J. 11. Winslow, in the shipping
business, their father being heavily interested in the owner-
ship of vessels on the Lakes. His attention being wholly
devoted to this business, the Winslow family always being
at the head of all shipowners. Since his father’s death the
business has been carried on with success wholly by him
and his brothers, he remaining in Cleveland, while one
brother settled in Buffalo and the other in Chicago. In
1859 and i860 they despatched some vessels to the Black
Sea, but most of their operations have been confined to the
lakes, lie has ever refused to accept positions of public
trust, although he is patriotic and was a liberal supporter
of the Union during the rebellion, lie is deeply interested
in scientific pursuits, and from a boy has been a devoted
student of ornithology. In 1S69 he was elected President
of the Kirtland Academy of Natural Sciences, and was for
many years one of its most active and energetic members,
lie is well known to the best artists as a skilful connoisseur
in paintings, and a warm and liberal friend of art in all of
its branches, lie is always ready to take an active part in
works of benevolence, and his correct taste and good judg-
ment render valuable service in devising and carrying into
execution plans for charitable or patriotic purposes. In
1851 he married l.ucy lb Clark, daughter of Dr. W. A.
Clark, of Cleveland.

♦<>•

V\ Yl'V l )1 ,l!Rt ft )K , AI.IKI.I), Principal of the National
(dd-ljj] Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, was born in
II l| Derby, Connecticut, February 17th, 1816. lie
C 7T commenced teaching when seventeen in Monroe,
^ Connecticut. At the age of eighteen he was en-
gaged in New York city manufacturing sur-
veyors’ instruments. After two years he removed to Kirt-
land, Ohio. Subsequently he was occupied one year and a
hall in surveying in Boonville, Indiana. In 1840 here-
turned to Ohio and taught school in Berea, commencing
with three pupils. Ilis school increased very rapidly, and
was the foundation of Baldwin University. In 1849 he
was appointed Principal of an academy at Chardon, Ohio,
where he remained two years. lie then accepted a posi-
tion in the Western Reserve Teachers’ Seminary at Kirt-

t

land. Subsequently he was appointed Superintendent of the
public schools of Marlborough, Ohio, and held the position
three years, lie then removed to Salem, Ohio, and while
there he received the appointment as Principal of the South-
western Normal School at Lebanon, which position he has
occupied twenty years. Professor Alfred Holbrook is the
author of two educational works, which have had a very
wide circulation, viz.: “Normal Methods” and “School
Management.” He has recently written two text-books on
the English language, which are perhaps the best treatises
of the kind ever published, viz.: “Training Lessons” and
an “ English Grammar.” During nearly fifty years Professor
Holbrook has had under his instruction not less than twenty-
five thousand persons — a greater number probably than can
be claimed by any other living teacher. On March 24th,
1843, Professor Holbrook was married to Melissa Pierson,
daughter of Abial and Irene Pierson, of Derby, Connecticut.

WAYNE, WAGER, Lawyer and Soldier, was born
in Columbus, Ohio, November 10th, 1834. On
April 1st, 1S49, he left his home for school in
Springfield, Ohio, and in September, 1851, he
entered Yale College. A dangerous illness in
the fall of 1852 obliged him to suspend his studies
for a year. He afterwards returned to Yale and graduated
in 1S56. From college, he went back to Ohio, and entered
the law office of Swayne & Baber, graduating at the Cincin-
nati law school in the spring of 1859. In the fall of that
year he commenced the practice of law in partnership with
his father, the Hon. N. 11. Swayne. On the outbreak of
the war, he was tendered a Commission in the Ohio Volun-
teer service by the Governor, and entered the army as
Major of the 43d Regiment Ohio Volunteers at Camp Chase,
on August 31st, 1861. The regiment was recruited with
some difficulty, owing to the great number of regiments
then organizing, and before the full complement of men
was obtained the activity and energy of Major Swayne was
recognized by his promotion to be l.ieutenanl-Colonel,
Oetobei 31-st, 1801. The regiment was Idled by January
1st, 1862, numbering then 1079 men, and on February
20th, 1862, it went to Commerce, Missouri, and commenced
active service under the command of General Pope. It
participated in the action against New Madrid, Missouri,
and was complimented in the orders by General Pope for
efficient service. It took part in the operations against
Island No. 10 and Fort Pillow, and being called by Gen-
eral 1 1 ;il leek to Shiloh, after the battle at that place, it
participated in the advance upon and taking of Corinth
under General Pope, and marched to Boonville in pursuit
of Beauregard’s forces, afterwards taking part in the battle
of I nka, September 19th, 1862, in the battle of Corinth,
October 3d and 4th, 1862, and in the pursuit of the rebels
under Price to Ripley, Mississippi. The regiment suffered

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390 ,

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

severely in the action at Corinth, losing its colonel, adjutant
and senior captain. Lieutenant-Colonel Sivayne was struck
twice Init not injured. He was mentioned both in the
brigade and division reports for distinguished gallantry and
elliciency in action. On October 121I1, 18G2, he was made
Colonel of the regiment. In the spring (Jf iS6j Colonel
Swayne was appointed Provost- Marshal of Memphis. '1 his
duly was performed with an administrative ability and just
discrimination, which afterwards became more widely
known. During the winter of 1S63-64 the regiment, then
under command of Colonel Swayne, received the invitation
of Congress to re enlist for an additional term of three
years, while encamped at Prospect, Tennessee ; anti it may
lie cited ns illustrating the state of the command that seven-
eighths of the men on duty responded promptly to the call.
Later in the same year, the regiment, still under his per-
sonal charge, formed part of Sherman’s army in the march
from Chattanooga to Savannah, participating in the move-
ments against Resaca, Kenesaw, Atlanta, and afterwards
in the attack upon the outworks of Savannah. Later, in
Eebruary, 1865, Colonel Swayne, who in the meantime had
been brevetled Brigadier-General for gallant and meritori-
ous services, while preparing for an attack 11 j on the rebel
forces at River’s bridge, crossing the Salkahatchee river,
South Carolina, was struck by an exploding shell, from
which he sullered the loss of his right leg, and was obliged
to be taken back the next day to Pocatalgo, and thence to
hospital at Beaufort, South Carolina. The attack, however,
was successful, and the results of value, as afterwards ex-
pressed in a private letter from General Sherman on the
subject. March 4th, 1865, he was appointed Brigadier-
General of Volunteers, vice Andrew Johnson resigned;
and on his return to Columbus was presented by his fellow-
townsmen with a magnificent sword, belt and sash, in
token ol his gallant and ellective service. Before he had
<|uile recovered from his wound, he was selected by Gen-
eral Howard as one of the Assistant Commissioners of
Ereedmen’s Affairs, and was sent South, and placed in
charge of the State of Alabama. The problems here pre-
sented weie ot extreme interest and importance, the powers
ol the assistant commissioner involving the exclusive con-
trol of all litigation, civil and criminal, to which a negro
was a party in that State, as well as the care of vast num-
bers of suddenly enfranchised and helpless persons, of
whom thousands were aged, infirm or infants; and also the
adjustment of the relations of capital to labor wholly con-
vulsed and overthrown by the recent fortunes of war. After
several months of severe labor in the discharge of these
duties, on June 1st, 1S66, the military command of the
forces in that Stale was added to his charge ; and on the 4th
of August, in the same year, he was appointed Colonel of
the 451I1 Regiment of Infantry in the regular army of the
United States, in which he afterwards received the brevet
rank of a general olheer. The administration within the
Slate of Alabama, of what were known as the Reconstruc-

tion Measures of Congress, coming directly within the
scope of his official duties, was pursued with the same vigor
and organizing force which had marked his previous ad
ministration. '1 his was necessarily in conflict with the
spirit and purpose of the l’resident, Mr. Johnson, and in
the spring of 1S6S General l’ope and General Swayne were
relieved from duty in the same order, and on the eve of
important elections in both States; the design, which was
afterwards in good part carried out, being to place these
elections in the hands of men hostile to the policy of re-
construction. In December, 1868, General Swayne was
married* to Ellen Harris, daughter of Alfred Harris, Escp,
of Louisville, Kentucky, his regiment in the regular army
being then stationed at Nashville, Tennessee. Soon after,
he was ordered to Washington, and placed in charge of an
important bureau in the War Department; but not liking
department life, in June, 1872, he applied to be retired, and
removed to Toledo, Ohio, w here he at once formed a part-
nership with John R. Osborn, of that city, in the practice
of law, taking, presently afterwards, a very active part in
developing and increasing of railroad facilities, and as a
member of the Board of Education, in promoting the edu-
cational interests of the city.

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? \ -/ ^OOM IS, l-’INNEY R., Merchant, and Member
of liie House of Representatives of the Sixty-first
General Assembly of Ohio, was born in Medina
county, Ohio, on the 3d of September, 1S41, his
parents being Milo and Lucy A. Loomis, lie
received his early education in the public schools
of Medina county, and siftj.sequenlly entered Obcrlin Col-
lege, where he graduated. When the war of the rebellion
broke out, In- was among the lust to enter the military ser-
vice in the cause of the Union, lie enlisted as a private
on the 191I1 of April, 1861, and served as a private and
orderly sergeant until the battle of Antictam, in 1862. In
that battle he distinguished himself by special gallantly,
and was promoted therefor to the rank of Second Lieuten-
ant. lie was severely wounded in the hip during the
engagement, and was, of course, incapacitated for active
service for a time thereafter. As soon as he was able for
duty, however, he was back in the field again, and served
so effectively that, in January, 1863, he was promoted to a
first Lieutenancy, and detailed to the position of Ordnance
Officer of a brigade in the 2d Army Corps. In July,
1863, he was still further advanced in rank, being made
Captain and Commissary of Subsistence of his brigade. At
the battle of Gettysburg he was wounded in the shoulder.
He, however, remained in the field, and continued to do
active service until his regiment— the 8th Ohio Volunteers
— was mustered out, by reason of expiration of term of ser-
vice, July 13th, I SO.} . All his military service was with the
Army of the l’otomac. Immediately after his return to his

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCl.OP/EDIA.

39i

liomc at Lodi, Medina county, lie was made Postmaster of
llie place, anil also engaged in general merchandising busi-
ness. lie continued in this Imsiness until the sprint of
1.873, when he “ave it up. In that year, 1873, he was
elected on the Republican ticket as a member of the House
of Representatives of the Sixty-lirst General Assembly,
from Medina county, and was placed on the Committees on
Claims, Retrenchment, and Blind, Deaf and Dumb, and
Imbecile Asylums, being secretary of the two latter. He
proved himself an admirable committeeman, and as good a
legislator as lie had been a soldier, which is saying that, as
a legislator, he left little to be desired. He has been twice
married. In November, 1S62, he married Nellie G. Slater,
of Wayne county, Ohio. She died in October, 1863, and
on the 10th of January, 1865, he married Catherine C. Ki 11-
mer, of Brooklyn, New York, by whom he has one child, a
son, bun March ifith, 1S71. I11 September, 1S75, he

purchased property in Medina, the county-seat of his native
county, where he removed with his family soon after, and
where he now resides.

C 'll EI.LS, IION. JACOB M., Attorney-at-Law, was
111 born in Clermont county, Ohio, June Sth , 182T.
i- Ijj lie was the oldest child in a family of thirteen
c/ ' ^1 children, whose parents were Eli Wells and Eliza
c (Mahan) Wells. His father, a native of Mason

county, Kentucky, followed through life princi-
pally agricultural pursuits. lie moved to Ohio in 1S03,
settling in Clermont county, where he has since permanently
resided. Ilis mother, a native of Bethel, Clermont county,
Ohio, was a daughter of Jacob Mahan, early pioneer and
preacher of that county. The sires of the Wells family
were active participants in the stirring events of revolu-
tionary days, and the Mahans took part in the subsequent
war of 1812. Until his twentieth year was reached his days
were spent alternately in attending school through the
winter months, and in laboring on a farm during the summer
seasons. The year l8 |i saw him in possession of a liberal
education, and lie then assumed the role ol teacher in a
school of Brown county, t )hio. During the ensuing eight
years of his experience as an educator he applied himself
with more or less regularity to the study of law'. In the
spring of 1853 he settled in West Union, Adams county,
and taught school there for one year. Upon his admission
to the bar in 1854 he immediately entered Upon the practice
of his profession in West Union, and has down to the
present lime continued to prosecute his professional labors
with notable success, lie lias been twice elected Justice of
the I’eace, the first time about the year 1S47, and for two
years he acted as Surveyor for Adams county. Also, for one
term, he officiated as Prosecuting Attorney of Adams county,
lie has never descended into the political arena ns a par-
tisan office-seeker, but in the movements of the hour has
uniformly supported the man and cause that, in his views,

promised to accomplish the greater good. The principles
of the Republican parly are more thoroughly in harmony
with his sentiments and ideas than are those of any of the
other political organizations. 1 1 is religious opinions are ex-
pressed in the doctrines ol the Methodist Episcopal Church.
He was married in April, 1844, to Elizabeth J. Robbins,
daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Robbins, of Adams county,
Ohio, who died in August, 1868. He was again married,
in January, 1870, to Elizabeth F. Thompson, a native of
Washington county, Pennsylvania, a graduate of Glome
Institute, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania. He is the father
of seven living children by his first marriage, four sons and
three daughters.

IIOMAS, DAVID W., Attorney-at-Law, was born
in Loudon county, Virginia, August nth, 1833.
I Ie was the fourth child in a family of six children
whose parents were Joseph Thomas and Sal I ie
(Worthington) Thomas, also natives of London
county, Virginia, and descendants of families
whose members had been participants in the stirring events
of the Revolution. His father followed through life the
business of wagon and carriage-maker, and moved to Ohio
in 1836, settling at Mount Vernon, Knox county, where he
remained during the ensuing three years, lie then re-
moved to Adams county, near Mount Leigh, where he re-
sided until his decease in 1 S70. lie was noted for his
ability as a master-mechanic, and esteemed for his sterling
integrity of character, lie was of Welsh extraction. His
earlier years were passetl in various employments, in the
carriage-shop and on the farm. Ilis early education,
limited in degree and kind, was acquired by his own exer-
tions. While in his twentieth year, his literary attainments
having l een improved by diligent study and observation, he
assumed the role of educator in a school at Locust Grove,

Adams county, where he taught during two winters, while
the summer months were devoted to field labor. In those
years he also began the study of law. In the winter of
18(10 he removed to West Union, and resumed his law
studies under the supervision of Colonel Joseph R. Cockerill.
In May, 1S61, lie entered the Union service as a private of
Company I), of the 24th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry. With that body he served actively for three years,
and while connected with it was a participant in the battles
of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and in numerous other
minor engagements. On the second day of the battle of
Shiloh he was wounded in the thigh by a Minie-ball. 'I bis
casualty incapacitated him for service for about two months.
After the battle of Stone River lie was promoted to a First
Lieutenancy, and subsequently was raised to the rank of
Captain. In June, 18(14, he received an honorable dis-
charge from the army, his term of service having expired,
and returned to West Union. There he continued the

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392 ,

BIOGRAP1 IK A 1 . ENCYCLOl’.EDIA.

study of law under the direction of lion. E. 1’. Evans, and,
October 1st, 1864, was admitted to the liar. Since his entry
into professional life he has, with the exception of two years
passed in t lempetown, Blown county, resided constantly in
West Union, and lias there aeipiiied a very extensive and
remunerative practice. In 18(17 he was elected Prosecuting
Attorney of Adams county, and served for one term, lie
was elected Mayor of West Union in 1S73, and re-elected
to the same office in 1874, serving three years, lie is an
ally of the Democratic party. II is integrity of character is
unassailable, and his course in life has uniformly been
characterized by untiring industry and well-directed energy.
II is views on religious matters arc liberal and free from any
taint of bigotry or intolerance, lie was married in 1S54 to
Elizabeth Erilts, a native of Loudon county, Virginia.

X

I I I.I.ER, JOHN, Banker, was born in Worcester,

1 Massachusetts, March 16th, 1810. 1 1 is early edu-

cation was liberal, and obtained in the then com-
mon schools of his native place. After a residence
of several years in Savannah, Georgia, where he
took a clerical position, he returned to Worcester,
and there was engaged for a brief period in the arena of
business. In 1838 he moved to Columbus, Ohio, and em-
barked in the grocery business, which he sustained with
success until 1854. In February of this year he engaged in
the banking business, under the firm-style of Miller, Donald-
son V Co., over which house he still presides as head. He
has served in all twelve years as a member of the City
Council. In 1862 he organized the present Steam Eire
Department, and until 1S65, the date of his resignation,
officiated as its Chief Engineer. From 1S63 to 1S65 he was
Director of the Ohio Penitentiary, lie was also Director
of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Company
for twenty-one consecutive years, and at the expiration of
that extended period declined a longer service. He has
been President and a Director of the Columbus Gas- Eight
and Coke Company, and of the Franklin Insurance Com-
pany, from the dates of their organization down to the
present time, and was President of the first Street Railroad
built in the city of Columbus. He was also one of tbe
commissioners to build the new depot of the Cleveland, Co-
lumbus & Cincinnati Railroad. During the years of his
residence in Columbus, he has been zealously engaged in
the support and aid of all public enterprises of an important
nature, and has acted in a most laudable spirit in furthering,
with well-directed energy, the fruitful development of the
city's natural and artificial resources. The possessor of a
large fortune, he is ever ready to listen to the story of dis-
tress, and as ready to assist the deserving unfortunate, while
his record, public or private, is without a slain. He was
married in 1834 to Harriet R. Robinson, by whom he

has had four children, llis son, William II. Miller, is
Superintendent of the Columbus Gas Works, a most worthy
and exemplary young gentleman.

INEGARNER, DAVID C., Hardware Merchant,
Mayor of Newark, Ohio, was born in Muskingum
county, Ohio, November 6th, 1833. llis parents
were residents of Virginia, and his father followed
through life mercantile pursuits. He was edu-
cated primarily at a country school located in the
vicinity of his home. He was subsequently a student in
Granville College, now Dennison University, where he re-
mained until eighteen years of age. He was then employed
as a clerk in a store at I’ataskala, Licking county, Ohio, fur
about two years. At a later period he was occupied for a
time on a farm, and also in teaching school during the
winter months. In the spring of 1857 he moved to Keokuk,
Iowa, where he carried on the business of a grocery store
for eighteen months, sustaining through this time a fair
trade. In the spring of 1S60, having spent nine months in
St. Louis, in the cigar and tobacco business, he removed to
Newark, Ohio. Here he embarked in the hardware busi-
ness, successively in partnership and alone, in which he has
since continued. From 1869 to 1875 he was a member of
the Board of Education of Newark, and in the spring of
1874 was elected Mayor of the town. In addition to his
private business as a hardware merchant, he possesses a
valuable interest in tbe glass works of Shields, King & Co.
In his prominent and honorable position as head of the city
powers, he conducts himself with marked loyalty and
ability, and by his administration has deservedly won the
respect and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, lie was mar-
ried, March 12th, 1861, to Mary E. -Haver, of Fairfield
county, Ohio.

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ARROTT, COLONEL EDWIN A., President of
the Dayton (Ohio) Malleable Iron Works, was

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born in Dayton, Ohio, November 30th, 1830. llis
parents, Thomas Parrott and Sarah A. (Sullivan)
Parrott, were natives of Dorchester county, Mary-
land, and moved to Ohio in 1829. The Parrott
family has a New England origin, and Captain Abner Par-
rott commanded a privateer which was fitted out at Salem,
and which was one of the first vessels to engage in the revo-
lutionary struggle, and establish the reputation of the Amer-
ican navy. He received his education in the Ohio Wes-
leyan University at Delaware, Ohio, graduating in the class
of 1849 with die degree of A. B., that of A. M. being con-
ferred at a subsequent period. After abandoning collegiate
life he registered for the bar in Dayton, and applied him-
self to the study of law during the ensuing eighteen months.
He also attended one term at the Harvard College Law

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

393

School. lie then returned to his home and engaged in the
manufacturing business with his father. Having, however,
kept up his legal studies in private, he passed the required
examination, and in 1N53 w;ls admitted to the bar. l'rom
that time until 1S54, not desiring to enter on the practice
of his profession, his attention was engrossed by the manu-
facturing business, lie was then elected to the Legislature
on the Republican ticket, thus securing the honor of being
the first member returned by his party from Montgomery
within the preceding ten years. During theeventlul period
of the secession of the Southern States, he acted as Chair-
man of the House Committee on Federal Relations, and ex-
hibited a fearless boldness in urging the government to
make a decisive stand and strike pitilessly to preserve the
national existence. Perceiving the inevitable drift of mat-
ters, the day after the first call of President Lincoln for
troops he resigned his seat in the House, and hastened back
to Dayton in order to organize a militia regiment, of which
he was Major, and prepare it to assist in the defence of the
capital. With fotir companies of the 1st Regiment of Ohio
Militia, speedily brought together, he returned to Columbus
within a week, where his forces were augmented by com-
panies from other parts of the State. Thus was formed the
1st Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, of which he was promptly
elected I.ieutenant-Colonel. Moving immediately to the
front, he participated in the engagement under General
Schenck at Vienna. The term of service of those troops,'
which was limited to ninety days, expired three tlays before
the battle of Bull Run ; they remained under orders, how-
ever, until after that engagement, and were active partici-
pants in it. “ The shadow of this memorable defeat cannot
fall on the patriotism of the 1st Ohio Regiment.” On his
return to his State, the regiment was re-enlisted, retaining its
old number, while he was elected to occupy its colonelcy.
The elective system of determining officers had, however,
just been abolished, and the position of Colonel was given
to an officer of the regular army, he resuming his former
position as Lieutenant-Colonel. Joining the Army of the
Cumberland he served on the staff of General A. II. McCook
until May, 1S62, when he was promoted to the full rank of
Colonel. He commanded the 3d Brigade of the 2d Divi-
sion of the 1st Army Corps from January, 1S63, until Sep-
tember 1st, at which date he was detailed to organize the
Provost-Marshal’s Bureau of Ohio, with head-quarters at
Columbus. I11 this position he remained until February,
1864, when the death of his father made it necessary for
him to give his personal attention to the settlement of the
estate, and he accordingly resigned his position in the
army. At this date, however, the war was practically
ended, and a few weeks later the Confederacy collapsed.
He was at the head of his regiment in the famous battles of
Pittsburgh Landing and Murfreesboro’, mid led it also in the
minor engagements occurring up to the period of his detail-
Inent. In 1S65 lie was again elected to the Legislature, and
was chosen Speaker of the House. At the conclusion of
5°

his term he withdrew from politics, and has since devoted
himself exclusively to business, lie is President of the
Dayton Malleable Iron Works, an enterprise of extensive
proportions, of which he is the founder. I le was married in
February, l80(i, to Mary M. Thomas, daughter of Rev.
Dr. Thomas E. Thomas.

ECK, WILLIAM LAUREN, Physician and Su-
perintendent of the Cincinnati Sanitarium, was
born in Woodbridge, New Haven county, Con-
necticut, 011 the 7 ill of July, 1820. 'Through both
branches of the family he is descended from revo-
lutionary stock. His parents were both natives
of Connecticut, and his father, Lauren Peck, was a direct
descendant of one of the original settlers of New Haven.
A prominent feature of William’s early discipline was the
discipline of labor, and his father’s farm was his earliest
school. The father, however, was in circumstances that en-
abled him to give his children — there were seven of them
and William was the third — a good general education. Of
his opportunities in this direction William availed himself
fully, and obtained a very thorough education. When he
was twenty years of age he began the study of medicine,
having early resolved to devote himself to that profession.
His habits of hard work and patient study served a good
purpose now, no less than his excellent natural abilities.
While going through the elementary discipline of medical
study, he supported himself by teachingschool and laboring at
other pursuits; and not only supported himself, but accumu-
lated enough to enable him to go through a course of study
in a medical college, when the time came. Having finished
his course of elementary study, he entered the Berkshire
Medical College, from which institution- he graduated in
the year 1848, and immediately thereafter he established
himself in the practice of medicine at Pittsfield, Massachu-
setts. In connection with his medical practice he opened a
drug store, and rapidly achieved prosperity, both as a med-
ical practitioner and as a druggist. He remained at Pitts-
field until 1851, when he sold out his interests there and
removed to Ohio, locating himself in Circleville. There he
devoted his entire time ami attention to the practice of
medicine and surgery, and attained a substantial and envi-
able success. lie remained there until the kill of 1862,
when he was appointed Surgeon of the 3d Ohio Volunteers,
to succeed Dr. McMeans, who had died after the battle of
Perry ville. He at once accompanied the regiment to the
field, and continued with it until it was mustered out of
service in June, 1864. After leaving the army he returned
lo Ohio and took charge of the State Lunatic Asylum at
Columbus, in which position lie remained for the next ten
years. In April, 1874, he severed his connection with the
asylum, and was placed in charge of the Cincinnati Sani
tarium, located on College Hill, near Cincinnati, and his

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394 '

BIGG BAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

position ns Superintendent of this institution he still holds.
The Sanitarium is n henevolent institution, under the control
ol .1 ho.nd of directors. Its purpose is, most especially, to
iilloid reliel in cases ol nervous disorder. Ihuing the years
1 S 7 ( 75 uliout one hundred and lifly persons ol both sexes
received trentnienl there, and left the institution materially
benefited. Of these about one-tenth were inebriates, three-
fourths were lunatics, and the remainder were afflicted with
various nervous infirmities. Politically Dr. Peck is a Re-
publican, although the constant demands of his profession
have left him little time for active participation in politics.
He is an active and consistent member of the Presbyte-
rian Church, and was for years a deacon of that body. lie
was married on the l St h of April, 1S41, to Sarah Vienna
Olds, a native of Vermont, and a daughter of Amasa Olds,
of Marlborough in that State.

EPSON, RICHARD, Author and Teacher, was
bom in Castleward, county of Down, Ireland,
July pth, 1S22. 11 is father, James Nelson, was a

sea-captain, w ell known in Belfast, one of the ports
in which he traded before his death, which oc-
ettrred in 1868. I [is ancestors, the Nelsons and
Moores, of the third generation, both were from Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, England, and settled on either side of Strung-
ford river, in the county of Down. 1 1 is education consisted
of the elementary branches which were acquired in Strang
ford near Castleward, and the higher course in science,
mathematics, and English literature in Belfast, under the
professors of the Belfast Institution. Soon after leaving
Belfast he served under his brother Iloratio on board the
“ Britannia” as cabin-boy, but in a short time was appren-
ticed to sailmaking with Francis McCracken, in Belfast, at
one time the largest sailmaker in Europe.' In the third year
of his apprenticeship Mr. McCracken died, and the subject of
this sketch was made second foreman of the establishment, and
subsequently first foreman. At that time he had served as
an apprentice but four years, and as the law of the trades-
union required seven years, the workmen, in accordance
with their rules, refused to work under Mr. Nelson as fore-
man until he had completed his seven years. This action
of the trades-union changed his entire course, and he en-
gaged a few years in study, and then took a position as tutor
in a family in Kings county, where he remained several
years. In 1847 he opened a mercantile and classical
academy in Great Howard street, Liverpool, England,
where he remained till July, 1849, when he sailed for the
United States, and settled in Barnesville, Ohio, where he
was proffered and accepted the charge of the academy of
that town. In 1851 he removed to Wheeling, West Vir-
ginia, and obtained the principalship of Centre Wheeling
Public School. In 1855 he located in Cincinnati and
opened a commercial college on Central avenue, where he

remained until 1S59, when he removed to the southeast
corner ol Fourth and Vine streets. In 1866 II. A. Faber,
now President of (Jucen City College, was admitted to part-
nership, and look the position of principal ol the business
department. Alter seven years’ Connection with the insti-
tution ill health compelled him to dissolve the partnership.
Mr. Nelson’s wonderful success in this college was due to
the method of instruction, which was entirely original, and
was introduced by himself, viz., that of imparting instruction
through the medium of an organized business community,
as described by a writer in the Cincinnati Gazette. Clerks,
bookkeepers, merchants, teachers, old and young, were at-
tracted to the institution. Business men who had retired
on their wealth were found side by side with graduates of
literary colleges and clerks preparing for higher positions.
Principals of the public schools spent their evenings and
spare hours on Saturdays, in preparing for employment
more congenial to their taste, as well as more lucrative.
Young men were drilled in bill-making, and acquired
familiarity with business paper, learned by experience how
to transact business, and were thus prepared to fill the more
humble positions to which their ages assigned them, and
from which they were soon promoted. This college Mr.
Nelson disposed of in 1871. When in Wheeling, Virginia,
he organized the Mechanics’ Institute, and secured for its
members night schools in various parts of the city. In 1859
he wrote and published his “ Mercantile Arithmetic,” in
1866 his “Common School Arithmetic," and in 1S70 his
“ h irst Part of Bookkeeping,” now a text-book in the schools
of Cincinnati. For a number of years he published a paper,
The Aeii's amt Educator , which was merged into the Edu-
cational 'limes, a magazine edited by the Hon. A. J.
Rickoff, now of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1875 l|e published,
in conjunction with II. A. Faber, “ The New Mercantile
Arithmetic.” Mr. Nelson in addition to his college duties
was a partner in a veneer mill, and was of the firm of
Nelson & Co., furniture manufacturers. During his connec-
tion with the International Business College Association, lie
was for three years Chairman of the Committee on Text
Books and Course of Study. In politics he belongs to no
party, yet his sympathies are with the Republican party.
In religion he is an orthodox Congregationalist. In Eng-
land he was an Independent, having left the Episcopal
Church on account of the heresies of Pusey, when his atten-
tion was directed to the ministry. He never held a public
office except that of teacher. During the war he furnished
a substitute, and was a member of the Teachers’ Ride Com-
pany. At present he is associated with Mr. Holies in aland
office on Third street, Cincinnati, and has just published a
very interesting book of about two hundred pages, entitled
“Suburban Homes.” 1 1 is residence is in Montgomery, a
suburb of Cincinnati, adjoining which he has a beautiful
farm. December 24th, 1846, he was married to Ellen
lligginson, a daughter of Mr. Iligginson, of the county of
Antrim. She is a graduate of the Home and Colonial In--

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RIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

39S

stitution of London, England. They have seven children
now living, three daughters and four sons. Their eldest
daughter, Dorn, is Secretary o( the Cincinnati Conservatory

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C ICE, HARVEY, I.L. D., Lawyer and Author, was
born in Conway, Massachusetts, June lull, 1S00.
W hen seventeen years of age' he requested his
father, who was a farmer, to give him his free-
dom and allow him to acquire a liberal educa-
tion. This he achieved by graduating from
Williams College, in 1824. From college he went directly
to Cleveland, where he had no influential friends to aid
him in lib advancement. 1 1 is worldly goods, all told, were
the plain suit of clothes he wore and three dollars in
money. Cleveland at that time contained but four hundred
inhabitants. He soon began to teach a classical school in
the old academy on St. Clair street, and also to study law
under the direction of Reuben Wood, a prominent member
of the Cleveland bar. In two years he was admitted to the
practice of law, and at once formed a copartnership with
Reuben Wood, with whom he had read law. I bis part-
nership continued until Mr. Wood was elected to the
bench. In 1S29 Mr. Rice was elected Justice of the
Peace, and in 1830 Representative to the Legislature.
Soon after this he was appointed an agent for the sale of
the W estern Reserve school lands, which comprised a tract

01 lilly-six thousand acres situated in Virginia Military Dis-
trict. lie opened his office in Millcrslmrg, Holmes county,
for the sale of these lands, and in three years had sold them
all for one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and paid
that sum into the State Treasury as a school fund to edu-
cate the children of the Western Reserve, the interest of
which is now annually paid by the State for that purpose.
In 1S33 he returned to Cleveland and was appointed Clerk
of the Common Pleas and Superior Courts, and held that
position seven years. In 1834 and 1S36 he was nominated
by the Democratic Conventions for Congress, but was not
elected, as the Democrats were in a small minority, lie
was the first Democrat ever sent to the Legislature from
Cuyahoga county. In the House Select Committee for
revising the statutes of the State he introduced many new
provisions, which are still retained on the statute-book.
In the autumn of 1851 lie was nominated and elected State
Senator by seven hundred majority. The General Assembly
met for the first time under the new constitution, and new
laws were to be enacted to secure to the people the prac-
tical benefits of the great reforms which had been achieved
by its adoption. It was said of Mr. Rice, that lie was al-
ways at his post. He took an active part in establishing
two insane asylums in the State, and performed great ser-
vice in forming a new system for the common schools, so
that he was called “ fhe Father of the common schools of
Ohio.” He introduced a bill to establish a State reform

school for juvenile offenders, which resulted in the estab-
lishment of the Reform Farm School at Lancaster. In 1S57
he was a member of the City Council, and took a leading
pail in establishing in Cleveland 1111 industrial school, and
was allot want active in extending its uselulness. During
the same year he introduced a resolution to erect the Perry
monument, which now graces the public park of that city.
I he resolution made the cost to depend solely on voluntary
subscriptions of the citizens. As Chairman of the Monu-
ment Committee he carried the object of his resolution into
effect in three years after he had introduced it. On Sep-
tember 10th, 1S60, the anniversary of Perry’s victory on
Lake Erie, the monument was inaugurated with imposing
ceremony, Mr. Bancroft, the historian, delivered the ad-
dress. By a careful estimate it is supposed that not less than
one hundred thousand people were in attendance. In car-
rying out the programme the battle of Lake Erie was re-
produced in a mock fight on the lake in front of the city.
Everything was a perfect success — the monument, inaugura-
tion, and the crowd of interested spectators, who fully
appreciated the importance of the occasion. In 1861 be
was elected a member of the Board of Education, and was
appointed President of the Board. In 1862 he was ap-
pointed by the Governor, with the approval of the War
Department, Commissioner for Cuyahoga County, to con-
duct the first draft made in that county during the late civil
war. While in the discharge of this duty live or six hun-
dred men appeared one morning to demolish bis office and
records. They had heard that there had been unfairness
in the draft, and were greatly excited. Mr. Rice quietly
sent to the military camp on the heights for a detachment
of soldiers, infantry and artillery, who came to his relief and
dispersed the riotous assemblage. To satisfy all, he offered
to have a committee appointed to investigate and see that
everything had been conducted with fairness. With his
aid an elaborate investigation was made. The committee
reported that the draft had been conducted justly 111 all
respects. Two of the men w ho had been instrumental in
getting up the 1110b were drafted on the spot. In 1867 he
planned and erected at his own expense, approved by the
college authorities, a beautiful marble monument in Mis-
sions Park, at Williamstown, Massachusetts, commemora-
tive of American Foreign Missions, originated by Samuel J.
Mills, a religious enthusiast — thus: in an out doors meeting
they were driven by a violent storm to take refuge under a
haystack; wdiile there Mr. Mills suggested the idea of mis-
sions to foreign heathen lands as a religious duty. His
companions agreed with him, and consecrated themselves in
solemn prayer to the great work. From this circumstance
originated the American Foreign Missions. The monu-
ment is erected on the spot where the haystack stood. It
is twelve feet high, surmounted bv a marble globe three feet
in diameter, cut in map lines. The face of the monument
has the inscription, “The Field is the World,” followed by
a haystack sculptured in bas-relief and the names of the five

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

young men who held tlic prayer-meeting, ami the date,
1806. The monument was dedicated, July 2<Slh, 1867, at
Maple Otove, in the park, and by special ropiest Mr. Rice
delivered the dedicatory address, which was published in
pamphlet form. In 18(19 he visited California, and became
a correspondent for the papers; his “Letters from the
Pacific Slope; or, hirst Impressions,” were read by thou-
sands with deep interest. In 1871 Williams College con-
ferred upon him the degree ol l.L. P). lie is widely
known as the author of “ Mount Vernon, and other
Poems,” a volume of 250 pages, which attained its fifth
edition. In 1S75 he wrote another volume, entitled
“ Nature and Culture,” which has received a wide circu-
lation. 1 1 is natural abilities are of a high order ; his mind
thoroughly disciplined and cultivated, and although prac-
tising at the bar but a short time he won an enviable repu-
tation for legal ability, discriminating judgment and gentle-
manly deportment. lie is a graceful and vigorous writer,
and is well known as an able contributor to some of the
best periodicals of the day. At present he is engaged in
literary and other labors, especially in attempting to pro-
mote the success of the reformatory institutions of Cleve-
land. He has twice been married: first in 1828, and after-
wards in 1840.

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W|i| ORRIS, IION. THOMAS, United States Senator
from Ohio, was born in Berks county, Pennsyl-
C|'| I vania, January 3d, 1776. He was the fifth of a
family of twelve children, born to Isaac and
Np-A j Ruth (Ilenlon) Morris. His mother was the
^ daughter of a Virginia planter. The first represent-
ative of the family name came from England in 1637, and
settled in Massachusetts. Soon after the birth of Thomas
his parents removed to the wilds of western Virginia, and
settled in Harrison county, near Clarksburg. Both were
members of the Baptist Church, and the father preached
the gospel for more than half a century. He died in 1830,
at the age of ninety-one, leaving three hundred descend-
ants. (The nnmbei is now estimated at one thousand.)
Thomas was instructed in the rudiments of education by his
mother, schools being scarce in those wilds. His parents
were people of strong anti-slavery convictions, and gave
proof of the fixedness of their principles by refusing to re-
ceive in bondage four “ human chattels ” who fell to their
lot by heritance. In 1795 Thomas took up his residence
in Ohio, then a part of the great Northwest Territory. In
the town of Columbia, in this year, he became a clerk in
the store of Rev. John Smith, a Baptist preacher, and after-
wards one of the first members of the United States Senate
from the State of Ohio. 1 1 is unfortunate connection with
the “ Burr conspiracy ” drove him from home and friends
in disgrace. In the employ of this man young Morris re-
mained for several years, during which he improved his
mind by perusing books. In his hours of leisure he often

hunted wild game in the forest, afterwards felled to make
way for Cincinnati. On the I91I1 of November, 1797, two
years after his arrival in Columbia, he was married to
Rachel, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Davis, of Welsh
descent, and natives of Lancaster county, I'enlisylvania.
This union was eminently happy, and existed nearly fifty
years. Eleven children w ere born to them, all of whom
lived to become useful members of society. In 1800 the
young couple removed to Williamsburg, Clermont county,
Ohio, and four years later to Bethel, where they resided the
most of their days. In 1802, with meagre facilities, the
husband began the study of the law. Two years later he
was admitted to the bar. He at once became a leader
among his professional brethren. In all his arguments he
was fond of cpioting from Scripture, and, although a suc-
cessful lawyer for forty years, he never encouraged litiga-
tion. He was oflener found pleading the cause of the poor
than the rich, and but for this his large practice would
have yielded a great revenue. In 1S06 he was elected
from Clermont county to the Ohio Legislature. Here he
fought the encroachments of the slave power. Hi* legis-
lative labors extended over a period of twenty-four years,
and his record was spotless, as indeed his political and
social life ever was. No matter what party was in power,
lie was chairman of the most important committees, llis
entire legislative history was free from selfish ambition.
He labored long fur the repeal of the law making debt a
crime punishable by imprisonment. lie strongly opposed
the canal system, littering the memorable prophecy: “In
twenty-five years Ohio will be covered with a network sys-
tem of railroads, and canals will be superseded.” During
all his service in the Legislature he was an ardent and able
friend of the common schoors, and voted for the largest ac-
cumulation of a fund devoted to this great object. In
1808-9 he "'as appointed, on the part- of the House, to
conduct the impeachment trial of Judges Tod and Lease.
His success led to his election as one of the Supreme
Judges of Ohio, but an act of the Legislature prevented his
being sealed. He strongly advocated the war with Great
Britain in 1S12. In the “ nullification ” troubles of 1832
he was a firm supporter of the general government. In
1S26 he was tendered the nomination for United States
Senator, but declined. In 1S32 he was again tendered the
nomination, and his acceptance resulted in his election.
He was a member of the Democratic party, but never
failed to follow his convictions, especially in his opposition
to the extension of slavery. In December, 1833, he took
his seat in the United States Senate. In this new field of
labor he found the stormy era of sectional prejudices just
dawning. But he never hesitated to declare his principles,
llis career in the Senate, if not specially brilliant, was
highly honorable. He measured his reasoning powers
with such men as Clay, Calhoun and others, on the subject
of slavery, and at one time so roused the ire of the oppo-
sition that a Southern member said he ought to be expelled.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP.KDIA.

397

On February 9th, 1 S39, lie made a memorable speech in
answer to llenry Clay, who look the side of the inhab-
itants of the District of Columbia in their petition to Con
press against inlerlerenee on the ipiestiou ol the abolitioji
of slaveiy in the District. This speech produced a great
sensation. The Legislature of Virginia suggested his ex-
pulsion. But he was too radical for the conservatism of
the times, and a pro-slavery man was elected by his party
to fill his seat in the Senate, lie met -the defeat calmly,
and soon after joined the Liberty party. In August, 1S43,
a national convention of this party was held at Buflalo,
more than a thousand delegates being in attendance.
James G. Birney was nominated for President, and Thomas
Morris for Vice-President. Pile ticket received 62,163
votes. lie did not long survive this candidacy. On the
71I1 day of December, 1844, with his intellectual powers
unimpaired by age, he was stricken down with apoplexy.
He died on his homestead farm, four miles from Bethel,
Clermont county, Ohio. He lies in the graveyard at
Bethel, an appropriately inscribed marble monument mark-
ing the spot where rests one of Ohio’s most honored sons.

OLDEN, WILLIAM HENRY, M. I)., ex-Membcr
of the Ohio State Senate anil House, was born in
Caroline county, Maryland, February 20th, 1S27.
1 1 is parents also were natives of Maryland. 1 1 is
father, Peter Holden, he lost while still very
young. 1 1 is mother was then again married.
In 1S36, or thereabout, he moved with his parents to Ohio,
and secured his preliminary education at the schools in
Guernsey county. At the age of nineteen years he engaged
in teaching school, and pursued this vocation during the
succeeding four years. 1 le then commenced the study of
medicine with Dr. C. S. McQueen, and attended Starling
Medical College, at Columbus, Ohio, during 1851-52. In
1853 he removed to California, where he practised his pro-
fession for about two years. On his return he was occupied
professionally in Perry county until 1S5S, when lie again
attended Starling Medical College, and graduated from this
institution in 1859- Later, he returned to Perry county,
where he practised until 1871, at which dale he settled in
Zanesville, now his home, and where he controls an exten-
sive business, probably the largest in the place. I11 1S61-62
he was a member of the lower House of the Legislature,
from Perry county, and in the fall of 1S69 was elected to
the State Senate from the counties of Perry and Mus-
kingum. In 1872 lie was re-elected to the latter body, and
served continuously for a period of four years. For nine
years he was 1 own Treasurer of Monroe, Perry county,
and has held other local offices. He has always been a
member of the Democratic party, and is one of its ablest
and most active workers. Throughout his life he has
travelled considerably; has visited every State in the

Union, also the West Indies, Mexico, Central America and
the isle of Cuba, lie was married, November 201I1, 1847,
to Miss Wilson, of Guernsey county, who died February
2 (d, 1S50. He was again married in March, 1853, to
Miss Hartley, ol Athens county, Ohio.

WIIOMAS, REV. THOMAS E., D. D., was born
.) 1 1 1 in Chelmsford, now a suburb of London, Eng-

v IJ land, December 23d, 1812. His father, Thomas

Thomas, was of Welsh descent. While a poor
lad, engaged in the humblest farm labor, his
-piety and talent for extempore speaking attracted
the attention of a gentleman of wealth and liberality, who
offered to assist him in obtaining an education and prepar-
ing himself for the ministry. II is offer was gratefully ac-
cepted by Mr. Thomas, who went at once to London and
entered Iloxton College. Though unable to write when
he reached London, his industry and perseverance carried
him rapidly through the elementary to the collegiate and
theological studies; and he was licensed to preach in two
years after he entered the college. He settled first in
Chelmsford, and soon after married Elizabeth Robinson,
the daughter of a London merchant. Here their eldest son
was born. He inherited from his father a clear and power-
ful mind, a poetic imagination and eloquent speech ; from
his mother a fine physical constitution and indomitable en-
ergy and perseverance. From both his parents he received
a conscientious and thorough training. His father emi-
grated to America in 1S1S. Landing in Baltimore he came
to Cincinnati, and there preached for two years to what is
now the Second Presbyterian Church, lie finally settled
in Venice, Butler county, where he had charge of an inde-
pendent church, conducted a private school and engaged at
different times in missionary labor throughout southern
Ohio and Indiana. Prepared for college by his father, the
subject of this sketch entered Miami University in 1829,
and graduated in 1834. He made a profession of faith in
Christ in 1831, and soon after resolved to devote his life to
the service of God in the ministry. He was licensed to
preach in 1S36, and immediately accepted the charge of the
church at Harrison. In 1838 he became pastor of the
Presbyterian church in Hamilton, Ohio. Here he labored
for ten years with marked ability and success. I.Ie was
elected President of Hanover College, Indiana, in 1849,
receiving his doctorate from Wabash College in 1850. In
1854 he resigned this position to accept the chair of Bibli-
cal Literature and Exegesis in New Albany Theological
Seminary. In 1857 the seminary was removed to Chicago,
and the two Professors, Drs. McMaster anil 1 hoinas, were
laid aside on account of their anti-slavery sentiments. Dr.
Thomas filled the pulpit of the First Church, in New
Albany, as staled supply, until the spring ol 1858, when
he accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

39S

of I J.iyton, Oliio. Here, for tliirtccn years, lie devoted his
in.lt u red powers, li is wide stores of knowledge, and liis 1111
wearied eltorls to the work of the ininisliy. In 1 S7 1 he
was elected to the elniir of New Testament Greek and
Ex emesis in Lane Theological Seminary; supplying, at the
same lime, the pulpit ol the Broadway Presbyterian Church,
Cincinnati, and afterwards the pulpit of the Walnut llills
Church, near the seminary. In the fourth year of his
labors in the seminary, he was called- to enter into rest.
Physically, l)r. Thomas was of medium stature, strong in
constitution and solidly built. Ills voice was feeble, yet
melodious, lie was a man of great force and earnestness
of clnricter; an eloquent, logical, and polished speaker;
an instructive, devout, and impassioned preacher, lie was
a prominent and fearless advocate of the anti-slavery cause,
when it was at no little cost that one could avow and defend
such opinions; and he was very influential in carrying the
Presbyterian Church to the position it now occupies on this
question. Through nit his life he was an enthusiastic
teacher, whether from the pulpit, the platform, or the class-
room ; and he was eminently successful in teaching. As a
theologian, I)r. Thomas held the Calvinistic opinions ex-
pressed in the confession of faith of the church which he
represented. But he was ever distinguished for his liberal-
ity and fraternal feeling towards evangelical Christians of
all denominations, liis remains rest in Woodland Ceme-
tery, near Dayton. “After he had served his own genera-
tion, by the will of God, lie fell in sleep.”

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EASLEE, JOHN B., Superintendent of the Public
Schools of Cincinnati, is a native of Plaiston,
New Hampshire, at which place he was born,
September 3d, 1S42. liis family, which bears a
stainless reputation for honesty and integrity, is
one of the oldest in th it State, liis ancestors,
who landed at the port of Newbury in 1640, were among
the first inhabitants of northeastern Massachusetts, and
pioneers in the settlement of southern and central New
1 1 imp-hire. Belonging to the Society of Triends, they
suffered in common with their sect the indignities and
proscriptions born of the religious intolerance of colonial
times. Of such circumstances, natural and artificial, as the
taker pioneers were subject to, is born the highest order
of manhood. Persecution, when that persecution is met
with the spirit exhibited by that religious sect, is invariably
the mother of courage, fortitude, and self-reliance. In
visiting curses upon the fathers it lavishes blessings upon
the children, as bear witness the vigorous manhood of
later generations of this family, a family noted for private
worth and not undistinguished in the more extended walks
of life. From it the professions have drawn some of their
most useful and reputable members, (if recent years it
would perhaps be difficult to find a man more esteemed,

: both in public and in private, as a citizen, lawyer, judge,
I and second executive officer of the Stale, than Daniel
Peaslee, of Vermont. As a practical surgeon and as a
wiitcr on the subject of smgeiy, Edmund K. Peaslee, of
New York, has the esteem and cmilidcncc of the medical
profession. Its ministers have been numerous and an honor
to the profession. The father of the subject of this sketch
was educated at Dartmouth College, and was for many
years a leading man in the Slate. lie was a strenuous
advocate of advanced legislation, and in the Constitutional
Convention of 1S50 he look a prominent part in the legisla-
tion which dispensed with religious and property qualifica-
tions for office-holding. His son, having obtained all the
benefits -of the home district school, entered the academy
at Atkinson, New Hampshire, from which, after completing
the course, he passed to the Gilmonton Academy, an in-
stitution of considerable celebrity at that time, and was
graduated therefrom in 1858. The succeeding year he was
admitted to Dartmouth College, from which he was gradu-
ated with honor in 1S63. liis oration at the commence-
ment, on the subject of the Polish Revolution, was gener-
ally noticed by the Eastern press as exceedingly able and
learned. Having completed his collegiate course, upon
the recommendation of President Lord, he was chosen
Principal of the Grammar School of Columbus, Ohio. The
duties of this position he performed with such uniform
faithfulness and success as to evoke the highest respect and
esteem of his school patrons, and to cause his resignation to
be deeply and universally regretted. From Columbus Mr.
Peaslee, in the fall of 1864, went to Cincinnati to assume
the position of First Assistant in the Third District School
of that city. During the three years which he held this
position, he had the honor oV passing his pupils to the inter-
mediate schools at the head of the city, a fact the more to
his credit as during a part of this time -he was a member
of the Cincinnati l.aw School. In 1865 he graduated from
the Law School and was admitted to the bar of Hamilton
county. Two years later he was made Principal of the
Fifth District School, a situation which he filled with such
success as greatly to increase the honorable popularity
already won, and secure his election to the first place in the
Second Intermediate School in 1S69. Here he remained
till elected to the office of Superintendent of Schools in
1S74. This election, considering the carefulness with
which educational bodies select their highest executive
officer, the respect they pay to talent, and their uncom-
promising antipathy to inefficiency, must be taken as a
valuable and just testimonial to his superior worth. More-
over, it is a fact, though not generally recognized, that few
positions, calling for high executive ability, are filled more
ably than that of Superintendent of Schools in the leading
cities of the United States. The occupants of this position
are, almost invariably, men of broad culture and excellent
understanding. The flourishing condition of the Cincinnati
schools, and the high tone of the instruction therein under

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

399

his superintendence, are ample assurance (hat he embodies
the higher characteristics ol his ollice. Mr. l'easlec is also
a member of the Stale Hoard of Examiners, ol which body
lie is now the President, lit the schools, since assuming
the duties of Superintendent, he has wrought many long-
needed reforms, for an understanding ol the nature of
which his extended experience in teaching, and consequent
intimate knowledge of the child capacity, had eminently
fitted him, while his originality of conception and inherent
independence of action have peculiarly qualified him for
carrying his projects into successful execution. 1 he cram-
ming process, as a consequence, has, so far as lime would
allow, disappeared, and with it the injudicious selection of
work. Concerning complex traits of character, it may be
said of Mr. l’easlee — as ol every man that has ever been the
subject of biographical review— the record of his life is a
problem from which they are readily de'ermined. Solving,
we shall lind him possessed of a character for industry
comprehending faithfulness yet transcending it, and of a
perseverance both energetic and untiring. Personal con-
tact with the man reveals immense social and professional
enthusiasm, noble generosity, and a line and sympathetic
nature. He is a man of positive character and magnetic
influence; one who, having taken a position, maintains it
with his w hole strength. To these qualities must be added
that high sense of honor which forbids the sacrifice of
principle to policy. To summarize, we find in him the
distinguishing attributes of the excellent official and the
worthy citizen.

1 ERRY, NATHAN, Pioneer Merchant of Cleveland,
was born, in 17S6, in Connecticut, and died, June
24th, 1865, in Cleveland, Ohio. Ilis father,
Judge Nathan Perry, first came from Connecticut
to Ohio in 1796, and continued during that sea-
son with the surveyors, who were engaged in
running the boundaries of that portion of the Western Re-
serve lying on the east si le of the Cuyahoga river. The
judge removed with his family to Cleveland in 1806.
When Cuyahoga county was organized in 1809, he was
elected one ol the judges of the new county. He died
1813, leaving four children, a 'daughter who married Peter
M. Weddell, and three sons: Horatio, who settled in
Lorain county; Horace, who was for many years county
clerk and recorder of Cuyahoga county, and who died in
1835, very generally respected and esteemed, and Nathan,
who settled at Black river in Lorain county, Ohio, in 1804,
and engaged in trade at that place. With great difficulty
he mastered the Indian dialect, and built up an extensive
trade with the tribes, w hich occupied all the territory west
of the Cuyahoga river. A11 incident of his life, given in
the “Historical Collections of Ohio,” relates that in the
spring of 1S07 a fishing expedition set out from Cleveland
for Maumee river. The vessel was a Canadian bateau, on

■ board of which there were goods, “sent by Major Perry to
! his son Nathan, at Black river, and a hired woman named
Mary, as a passenger to that place.” I he bateau was
w recked opposite what is now the township of Dover, and
all hands were lost save a Mr. Plumb, w I10 escaped by
straddling the capsized boat and floating ashore, w here he
remained, nearly perished with cold and exhaustion, until
news of the disaster reached Black river, when Nathan
Perry and Quintus E. Atkins went to that place in the night,
and lighting torches, found Mr. Plumb at the foot of a
perpendicular cliff, and hauled him up its face by means of
a rope — no easy task for men already worn down w ith the
fatigue of a night’s travel. I11 1808 he removed from
Black riveV to Cleveland, and began trading at that place,
where for over twenty years he was the leading merchant.
Ills store and house were under one roof, 011 the corner of
Superior and Water streets, where is now located the Sec-
ond National Bank building. A few years later, a Link
store and dwelling were erected on the lot, it being the
third brick building in Cleveland. On one occasion he
took twelve thousand dollars worth of furs to New York,
and followed the wagon containing them from Buffalo to
New York, where he encountered John Jacob Aslor, who
was anxious to learn his price of the furs. He was sharply
informed that he could not have them at any price, for lie
had made up his mind that he could do better with any
other person than w ith Mr. Aslor, who was at that time the
great fur merchant of the country. 1 laving a strong con-
stitution, great energy and enterprise, he was well qualified
to encounter and overcome hardships, exposures, and perils
incident to the frontier life of the pioneer merchant of Ohio.
The merchant of that day transported his goods from
Philadelphia to Pittsburgh in wagons, and thence to Cleve-
land on pack horses or by ox-team; and then bartered
them with the Indians for all kinds of commodities. Mr.
Perry formed an opinion at once, and then rarely yielded
it. He was never known to relent or change his decision.
When those lips were once firmly compressed, it was under-
stood that there w as no use of further talking, ns the case
was decided. The charter for the village of Cleveland was
granted in December, 1S14, and he was one of the trustees
elected at the first village election in the following June,
lie invested largely in real estate, which increased in value
enormously, and made him, at the lime of his death, very
wealthy. A large portion of his extensive real estate pos-
sessions in the heart of the city were purchased at from
five to ten dollars per acre. Ilis last illness was of about
five weeks duration. Paralysis set in first in the lower ex-
tremities, and gradually worked up until it reached his
heart. He w'as married in 1816 to a daughter of Captain
Abram Skinner, of l'ainesville. Ilis son, Oliver Hazard,
named after Commodore O. II. Perry, the hero of the battle
of Lake Erie, and a distant relative of the family, met with
a melancholy death from a railroad accident, in December,
1864. Ilis only daughter was married to lion. II. li.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Payne, of Cleveland. 1 1 is eldest grandson and namesake,
lion. Nallian P. Payne, was elected Mayor of Cleveland in
April, 1875.

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MITII, SAMUEL MITCII EL, M. D., Physician,
was born in Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio,
on November 2SU1, 1816. lie was the only
child of Samuel and Nancy (M itched) Smith.
His mother dying a few days after his birth, he
lived several years with his grandparents, when
his father was again married to Sarah Galloway, sister of
the late Hon. Samuel Galloway, and took him home. lie
spent his youth with his father’s family on the farm and
attending public school until he arrived at the age for
preparation for college, when he was placed under the in-
struction of Dr. Caruthers, a man of wisdom and learning.
During this time he received the impressions and cultivated
the principles which exerted such an influence on the years
of his maturity. He was very early in life associated with
the little band that patiently worked long before the abolition
of slavery was generally contemplated as probable or even
possible. In the fall of 1832 he entered Miami University,
at Oxford, and graduated in 1836 in the class with Hon.
William Dennison, John G. Deshler, Chauncy N. Olds,
George M. Parsons, and other prominent citizens of Colum-
bus. During one of his vacations Dr. Smith assisted in
nursing the son of a neighbor, and becoming impressed with
the idea that a physician had a wide field of usefulness, he
shaped hi-, thoughts with the ultimate view of studying medi-
cine. After his graduation he determined to devote his
attention fora time to teaching. 1 1 is friend, Professor Mc-
Guffey, recommended him to a school in Kentucky. lie
went to that State with the intention of availing himself of
the recommendation, but while remaining one night at a
hotel he heard the cries of a woman undergoing punishment
incident to the times of slavery. Such associations were
revolting to him, and he determined to cast his lot in a free
State. He crossed the river to Rising Sun, Indiana, and
assumed charge of the academy there. 11c taught for two
years, attending one course of medical lectures in Cincinnati
during the lime, and reading with Dr. Morrison, of Rising
Sun. After a second course of lectures in Cincinnati he
went to Philadelphia, where he graduated in the University
of Pennsylvania. In the same city he connected himself
with the Old School Presbyterian Church. In after years
he was an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church of Co-
lumbus, during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Hitchcock. After
supplying himself with a stock of medicines, a proceeding
indispensable in the profession at that day, he went to his
home in Highland county. While undecided as to where
he should locate, he heard of a vacancy in the Central Ohio
Lunatic Asylum, then under the superintendence of Dr.
William M . Awl, of Columbus, and secured the appointment
of Assistant Physician, entering upon his duties about the

1st of August, 1840. lie remained in this position about
three years, entering earnestly into the duties of his office,
and taking a warm interest in the affairs of the asylum. He
planted many of the trees that now adorn East Park Place,
formerly the asylum grounds. Prom the practical knowl-
edge he gained here he was enabled to give special attention
to the subject of insanity in his subsequent practice. On the
loth of July, 1S43, he left the asylum to enter upon his gen-
eral practice of medicine in Columbus. During that summer
he was married to Susan II. Anthony, eldest daughter of
Hon. Charles Anthony, of Springfield. lie continued in
the practice of medicine, his business growing, and when
Willoughby Medical College was removed to this city he
was appointed to the chair of materia mediea. At the time
of the establishment of Starling Medical College, about the
year 1848, he was appointed by I.yne Starling a member of
the first Board of Trustees, anti during his subsequent con-
tinuous connection with the college served at different times
as Professor of Materia Mediea, Professor of Theory and
Practice, and Dean of the Faculty. In 1873 he was ap-
pointed Emeritus Professor in the college. During the
memorable cholera scourge of 1849 Dr. Smith was unceas-
ing, faithful and fearless in his practice, and passed through
like labor again in 1859. lie was appointed by Salmon P.
Chase, then Governor of Ohio, Trustee of the Central Ohio
Lunatic Asylum, in which position he served for eighteen
years, most of the time as President of the Board. When
the war broke out he was anxious to enter the army, but
was persuaded that he could do better service in other ways.
He was a member of the Board of Examiners of Army Sur-
geons at Camp Chase, and took charge of several expeditions
to bring home wounded soldiers — one trip to Fort Dennison,
live to Pittsburgh Landiii^, one to Nashville, and one to
Stone river. On his return from one of these trips he
brought an oak sapling which had been split by a cannon
ball, and planted it in Capitol Square, where it is now
growing. He was appointed Surgeon-General of Ohio by
Governor Tod, and during his term had heavy work in
sending surgeons to the field and attending to his large gen-
eral practice. Among his other services of a public char-
acter, Dr. Smith was Examiner of Pensions, and while in
the performance of his duties kept a valuable record of dif-
ferent accounts of battles given by the soldiers applying for
pensions. lie was also Physician for the Deaf and Dumb
Institute. In 1S65 he became one of the proprietors of the
Ohio State Journal, in association with his son-in-law, the
present editor, General Comly. In politics he was a warm
Republican, making political speeches occasionally, and in
1S71 he allowed his name to be used in connection with the
State Senatorship. In the summer of 1872 he made a visit
to Europe, and attended as a delegate the International
Prison Reform Convention in London, where his views
were received with warm approbation. At the time he left
for Europe he was in declining health, and expected benefit
from the trip, but this he did not receive, and under sore

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

401

domestic affliction lie failed perceptibly. He still continued
his practice, although much enfeebled ; delivered the most
of his course of lectures at the college, and commenced the
final examination in March, when his task was interrupted
by a stroke of paralysis, which alluded the muscles of his
face, but in no way involved his mind. lie spent some
months in New Orleans, receiving benefit, and returned
home in June, lie died November 3°d>, 18741 aged fifty-
eight years. Dr. Smith was an untiring worker, a man of
large intellectual capacity and extensive and profound
knowledge. He was a student all his life, keeping pace
with the advancement of his profession. With a broad com-
prehension of the duties entailed on those who care for the
sick, and with conscientious application to those duties, he
was a man capable of doing great good, and never lost an
opportunity of exercising his powers until his unceasing
vigilance undermined his health, lie was an active helper
of young men, and systematic and liberal in his charities.
One of his special desires was the establishment of a city
hospital, and he was always ready to extend aid to it. In
all his relations in life he was honorable, faithful and kind.

OBLE, COLONEL JOHN, was born in Lancaster
county, Pennsylvania, November 15th, 1789. He
was of Scotch Irish descent. From his native
place lie removed in early years with his father’s
family to Emmittsburg, Frederick county, Mary-
land, growing to manhood in a mechanical pur-
suit. He found the old institution of slavery chafed his
free and independent spirit, and induced his father to emi-
grate to Ohio, where they arrived in 1811. He first passed
through Lancaster on the 3d of May, 1S11, more than sixty
years ago, and after seeing his father and mother located on
a beautiful farm near Tarlton, Pickaway county, Ohio, he
returned to Lancaster to commence his long and active
career. Full of the enterprise and energy so well suited to
pioneer life, he soon made himself known and felt as a
valuable accession to the new and growing town. He did
not limit himsell to one pursuit, but engaged in many. Me-
chanical and mercantile ventures were bis earliest endeavors
— at one time pushing his business at home, again going to
the frontier among the army with merchandise, or away
down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers with fiatboat loads of
produce and wares, he seemed endowed with the energy
of many. At home he was always ready to take a leading
purl with his fellow-citizens in the necessary improvements
to be made on schools, market-places, etc., or join in cele-
brating an anniversary or the beginning of any public work.
Thus his early manhood passed. In 1819 he commenced
hotel-keeping in Lancaster. This business in later years
took him to Columbus, thence to Cincinnati, and gave him
at one time the largest acipiainlanee in the State. In March,
1832, he first came to Columbus to lake charge of the old

5'

National 1 Intel, the forerunner of the present Neil House.
This house he kept until 1839, at a time when all the East-
ern and Western travel passed through Columbus in stage-
coaches along the National road. Thousands who became
settlers of Ohio and other Western States thus made the per-
sonal acquaintance of Colonel Noble, and remember him
with pleasure. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati and took
charge of the Dennison House, remaining there until 1845.
lie then returned to Columbus, and represented Franklin
county in the Ohio House of Representatives. In 1847 he
took the Pearl Street House in Cincinnati, keeping it until
1850, when he returned to Columbus for his permanent
home. In the hotel business he became widely known in
southern Ohio, where he had a large body of friends ever
ready to greet him warmly when he visited there, as he did
a few months before his death. This brief outline will give
an idea of the private pursuits in which he was engaged, but
will convey only a partial impression of his busy life. While
in Columbus he served for many years as a member of the
City Council, part of the time as President, lie was the first
person who undertook to improve Broad street, which from
Fourth to Fifth was an almost impassable swamp. He also
was one of the committee to plant the trees that make it so
beautiful now. He rejoiced in any advance of city, Stale
or nation, and without any inclination to be a politician, he
was a large-hearted, spirited, patriotic citizen, ready to par-
ticipate in every good work. He also wrote and published
sketches of his early experience and recollections in the local
papers. The characteristics of Colonel Noble were energy,
self-reliance, strict integrity and independence, lie had no
vices. He died January 23d, 1871, aged eighty-two years.

I The military title was acquired after the war of 1812, at the
time when there was a general reorganization of the volun-
teer militia of Ohio.

-5 If YMMES, HON. JOHN CLEVES, was born at
Riverhead, on Long Island, July 21st, 1742. Re-
t/ Wfv ceiving a good but not classic education, he be-
came a school-teacher and surveyor. In the war
Cy\ of the Revolution he espoused the cause of the
colonists, though in what capacity he served is not
known. He was in the battle of Saratoga. After the war
he removed to New Jersey, where he became Chief-Justice
of the Slate, and at one time represented it in Congress. As
early as 1787 he began to negotiate for the purchase of lands
in the Northwest Territory. 'Pile coveted land, about one
million acres, lay between the two Miamis. Finally a con-
tract for this number of acres was signed by himself and
others, at sixty-six cents per acre, payable in instalments.
But the troubled state of the country, caused by hostility of
the Indians to the proposed settlement, led to their failure
in fulfilling the terms of the contract. But in the spring of
1794 he and others effected the purchase of 248,000 acres.
In the meantime he had taken up his residence at North

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Bend, which town lie had fouiulcil, anil which in the pio-
neer days was the rival of Cincinnati, lie took tip his resi-
dence there in the spring of 1 7 Sy . lie was among the most
energetic and influential of the early pioneers, and had a
method of dealing with the Indians which made them more
friendly toward him than to the great majority of his while
brethren. Indeed he was more than once assured by these
children of the forest that his life had been thus far spared
because of his kindness to them. lie 'died at Cincinnati,
February 26th, 1814, having passed the allotted threescore
and ten. lie was buried at North Bend, where a quarter
of a century later were laid the remains of President Har-
rison. A part of the inscription on his tomb reads that he
“made the first settlement between the Miami rivers.”

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f NRIGIIT, MICHAEL J„ Clerk of Courts in Lucas
county, Ohio, was born on March 5th, 1845, in
Cincinnati, Ohio, of Irish parentage. The family
removed to Toledo in May, 1S53, and that place
continued to be his home for several years. 1 1 is
early education he received entirely at home at
the hands of his parents, both of whom were very highly
educated people, his father having been professor of lan-
guages in an English college, and his mother being a writer
of considerable note. In 1859 his mother died, and soon
after that event he was sent to Notre Dame University, in
Indiana, where he remained until 1862. Then he took the
war fever, which prevailed so universally among the youth
of the whole country, and study and school were unsuited
to his mood. He returned to Toledo, and without his father’s
knowledge he enlisted as a private in the iitlh Regiment
Ohio Infantry. I Ie was a young soldier, being only seventeen
years old at the time of his enlistment, but he proved to be
a good one. He went with li is regiment to the Army of the
Ohio, under General Buell, and participated in the cam-
paigns of that army. He took part in the pursuit and cap-
ture of John Morgan, the bold raider; in the East Tennessee
campaign of General Burnside; in the Atlanta campaign,
and in the Franklin and Nashville campaigns under General
Thomas. After the battle of Nashville his regiment was
transferred to North Carolina, and he took part in the cap-
ture of Fort Anderson and Wilmington. He was slightly
wounded at Dallas, and was captured by Wheeler’s cavalry
at Kingston, Georgia, but made his escape while crossing
the Etowah river. He was promoted to a Lieutenancy for
meritorious behavior, and was mustered out of the service
with his regiment in 1865. On leaving the army he returned
to Toledo, and obtained employment there as entry clerk in
a wholesale diy-goods store. He continued in this position
until 1867. In the fall of that year he went to 'New York,
and was employed there first as bookkeeper and then as
manager of a wholesale rectifying house. In the summer
of 1868 he went into business on his own account at Mount

Vernon, New York, but did not meet with success; so after
a brief experience he sold out and returned to Toledo, where
he obtained employment with Chase, Ishcrwood & Co., one
of the largest tobacco manufacturing houses in the West.
In the year 1870 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Lucas
county, and in 1872 he was elected Cleik of Courts in that
county on the Republican ticket, receiving 563 majority.
In 1875 he was re-elected to the position, receiving this time
a majority of 1716, leading his ticket and scoring the largest
majority ever received by a Republican candidate in that
county. His father, who died shortly after the son’s return
from the army, had always been a pronounced Democrat,
but Michael’s earliest political sympathies were with the
Republican party, and he has always been a staunch ad-
herent of that organization; and his love of republican
principles and institutions is not weakened by the recollec-
tion that his mother, Anna Theresa Mahon, was a niece
of the late Sir Peter Mahon, an officer of high rank in the
British army in India. Michael Enright was married in
1S72 to Amelia A. Purdy, of Toledo, Ohio.

OREY, REV. ALEXANDER B., was born, No-
vember 13th, 1S37, in Mechanicsville, Saratoga
county, New York, and is of Scotch and Irish
descent. In 1853 he completed his academic
course at Cambridge, Washington county, New
York, and three years later his collegiate course
by graduating from Union College, Schenectady, New York.
He then spent one year teaching and travelling in Missis-
sippi. The Albany Presbytery licensed him to preach in
1859, and in i860 he graduated at the Theological School
at Princeton, New Jersey. He then spent six months as a
missionary in southern Illinois, and at the expiration of that
time was settled as the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
Franklin, Indiana, w here he remained eleven years. On
the first Sunday of May, 1871, he became the pastor of the
Fifth Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, where he is still
retained and dearly beloved by all of his people. Mr.
Morey is remarkable for his clear and logical reasoning in
the pulpit; for the very radical position he has always main-
tained, taking advanced grounds in religion, advocating the
rights of women, especially to preach in the pulpit. In 1874,
in opposition to nearly all of the Presbyterian clergymen of
Cincinnati, he introduced in his pulpit Miss Sarah Smiley,
who preached a most eloquent sermon. The church was
crowded long before it was time for the services to begin,
and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. lie has also
advocated lay preaching, although in this he has had many
powerful ministers of his denomination to oppose him. He
has always been a most reliable friend and advocate of the
temperance reform. When the Sons of Temperance can find
no other orator they are sure of Mr. Morey’s eloquent ser-
vices. In the Sabbath school he is perhaps the most cner-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCEOP.F.DIA.

4°3

getic anil successful winker of any pastoi in (lie eily. lie
h is great inlluencc Willi llic ymuy people ol Ins church
anil congregation, by wliom lie is very highly esleeiueil.
He is by no means niini.slerial in appearance, bill is one of
the most sociable, genial ami lovable men in (lie city', lie
was marrjetl, April 191b, 1861, to Josephine Harman,
of Schenectady, New York.

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ERKINS, JACOB, Capitalist, was born in Warren,
Trumbull county, Ohio, September 1st, 1822, and
was the second son of Simon l’erkins. lie was
of studious disposition from boyhood, anil after a
thorough preparation in Burton Academy, Ohio,
and at Middletown, Connecticut, he entered Yale
College, in 1S37. lie was noted among his classmates for
lus literary and oratorical abilities, delivering the philosophic
oration at his junior exhibition, and being chosen second
editor of the Yale Literary Magazine, a position he filled
to the satisfaction and pride of his classmates. 11 is strength
was not sufficient to enable him to continue his studies and
other additional literary labor, anil before the close of his
junior year he was obliged to relinquish his studies, and
go home without graduating with his own class. The next
year, his health having greatly improved, he returned and
graduated with the class of 1842. From college, he re-
turned to his home and remained in his father’s office until
his father’s death, and then, with his brothers, was engaged
some time in settling the large estate. lie was frequently
called to address the people on public occasions, and always
most eloquently. Early he became interested in politics,
and made many effective speeches, advocating the principles
of the anti-slavery side, which at that time was not in
popular favor. In 1S4S he made a very bold speech, de-
claring that every human being had a right to own himself;
it attracted much attention, because of its clearness and
unanswerable arguments. In 1 S5 1 lie was chosen by the
people of his district to represent them in the Constitutional
Convention, which framed the Stale Constitution which was
adopted that year. His political principle > placed him with
the minority in that body, but his influence anil position
w ere equalled by very few of those in the majority. lie
never held but one other political position, that of Senatorial
Presidential Elector for Ohio, in 1856, on the Fremont
ticket. Being an earnest friend to all educational enter-
prises, it was hi-, suggestion and persistence which induced
the authorities of Western Reserve College to adopt the
conditions of a permanent fund rather than to solicit un-
conditional contributions; and he and his brothers made
the first contribution to that fund. This permanent fund
saved the college in subsequent years, when the institution
became crippled and embarrassed by dissensions. Another
noble and generous act was in uniting with two others in
purchasing the grounds foi Woodland Cemetery, in Warren,

and, after beautifying them, transferring the property to the
existing corporation. In 1S55 work was commenced for
building the Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad. The com-
pany, ol which he was President, he having been very in-
lluential in procuring the charter, had but a small stock
subscription, and the tightening of the money market worked
to prevent much increase. The bonds were disposed of
with great difficulty, and when the financial crisis came the
road was still unfinished, and the bonds could not be sold.
Railroads which were to connect with the Mahoning, to
prolong the route to the sea, were abandoned, and the
prospects were thus more gloomy. One of two tilings had
to be done : either abandon the enterprise and lose all that
had been done, or complete it, at the risk of the private
fortunes of the managers, from Cleveland to the coal fields.
They chose the latter, by Mr. Perkins agreeing, in case of
disaster, to pay the first one hundred thousand dollars of
loss, and to share equally with the others in any further loss.
In 1854 he went to England. to raise money, but was un-
successful. In 1S56 the road was completed to Youngs-
town, and the development of the coal and iron business
commenced. In June, 1857, his wife, to whom he was
most devotedly attached, died of consumption ; and his
close attention to her sick-bed broke down his constitution.

'l he next winter lie spent in the Southern States, and the
summer of 185S he returned again to the South; but his
disease was beyond cure, and on the 12th of January, 1859,
he died in Havana, Cuba. His remains were embalmed
and brought home, and interred in his beautiful Woodland
Cemetery, in Warren. Richly endowed with natural gifts,
he sacrificed, in the interest of humanity and freedom, all
hope of a political career he was so well fitted to adorn.
He cheerfully laid on the altar for the public benefit, ease,
wealth, health, and his fond love of study. One of his last
remarks was that on his tomb stone might justly lie en-
graved : “Died of the Mahoning Railroad.” lie was
married, October 24th, 1850, to Elizabeth O. Tod, daughter
of Dr. J. I. Tod, of Milton, Trumbull county, Ohio. 1 1 is
wife and two of his three children died before his ow n ’
death. His son, Jacob B. Perkins, is still living.

ROOK, GENERAL GEORGE, was born near
Dayton, Ohio, September 8th, 1S28. lie entered
West Point in 1848, and in 1852 was appointed
to a Brevet Second Lieutenancy in a regiment
serving in California. He saw much service in
the Indian country, and was once severely
wounded, lie was promoted to a Captaincy in the regular
army, May 4th, iSfil. Leaving Sail Francisco for New
York in August of this year, upon his arrival he was ten-
dered the Colonelcy of the 36th Ohio Infantry. Accepting
the position, lie at once entered active service. Early in
the spring of 1SO2 he was placed in command of the Third

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404 '

Brigade of the Army of West Virginia, and on the 24th of
May defeated the lehel General I lentil, capturing all his
aillllciy and many ol his men. In July he wu. Ir.uislciied
to the Allay of the Potomac, and Intel look a prominent
part in the Baltics of South Mountain and Antielam. For
services in these campaigns he was made a Brigadier-Gen-
eral of Volunteers, and placed in command of the Kanawha
Division, composed almost entirely of Ohio troops. At the
request of Rosecrans, in January, 1S63, he was transferred
to the Army of the Cumberland, being placed in command
of the Second Cavalry Division, lie commanded it at the
battle of Chickamauga, and immediately thereafter was
despatched in pursuit of the raiding General Wheeler,
whom he badly routed and sent flying in confusion. For
this he was recommended for promotion lay Thomas and
Rosecrans. In February, 1 S64., he was assigned to the
command of the Third Division, Department of West Vir-
ginia. In the spring, with this command, he displayed his
excellent lighting qualities, being engaged in several battles
and innumerable skirmishes, and in two months having
marched nine hundred miles, and crossed the Blue Ridge
and Alleghenies sixteen times, lie lost, in killed and
wounded, in this arduous campaign nearly one-third of his
command, but captured ten pieces of artillery and nearly
two thousand prisoners. On July 20th, 1S64, he was brcv-
elted Major-General, and placed in command of the De-
partment of West Virginia. lie was ordered to follow
Early up the Shenandoah Valley, and to make his track a
waste. With a small and poorly-equipped force he made
this attempt, but was met by a superior force and driven
back. When Sheridan organized the Army of the Shenan-
doah, the Army of West Virginia became a part of it, and
the commander of the latter was conspicuous in all its
movements. For gallantry at the battles of Opequan and
Fisher’s Hill, he was recommended by Sheridan (after the
war) for promotion to the rank of Brevet Major-General in
the regular army. After the successful fall campaign in
the Shenandoah Valley in 1S64, he was made a full Major-
General of Volunteers, and his army went into winter-quar-
ters. On the 2 1 st of February, 1S65, by the adroit move-
ment of a party of guerillas in Federal uniform, he was
taken prisoner from his private room at his head-quarters
at Cumberland, Maryland. The guerillas were pursued at
once, but escaped with their prize, and it was not until a
month after that the general was exchanged. Returning to
his old command, he was the next day transferred to the
command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac. He
hole a brilliant and conspicuous part in the closing scenes
about Richmond. After the surrender, when Sheridan was
sent to take command in the Southwest, he was placed in
command ol the Cavalry Corps, which he retained until
relieved at bis own request. In August, 1865, he was or-
dered to report to General Schofield, in the Department of
North l urolina, and was assigned to the command of the
Distiicl of Wilmington. On January 1 5 1 1 1 , 18(16, he was

honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, and again
entered the regular army, where he at present holds the
tank ol llrigudiei General. He has been lor seveial years
oil Irotitier duly, ami but lew regular army olliceis have
been more conspicuous than he since the close of the w ar.
Thoroughly conversant with the Indian mode of warfare,
he is called upon to direct some of the most important
movements against unruly tribes, and has the reputation of
being one of the very few good Indian fighters in the service.

GORE, DAVID HASTINGS, D.D., President of
-Cincinnati Wesleyan Female College, was burn
'jjjlj near Alliens, Ohio, September 4th, 183S. 1 1 is

father is a well-known and influential citizen, who
has served honorably in various civil capacities,
including that of Representative in Congress.
The Mcores and Hastings, from whom he descended on
his father’s side, are old Massachusetts families, and his
maternal ancestors, the Barkers and Harpers, were also
Eastern people. While a student in college, David was
converted with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1855.
Soon thereafter he was licensed, first as exhorter, then as
local preacher, and, under the direction of his professors
and the ministers, preached very frequently during the re-
mainder of his course. In i860 he graduated with honor
from the Ohio University. June 21st, i860, he was married
to Julia S. Carpenter, of Athens. In September of the
same year he w'as admitted at Gallipolis as a probationer
into the Ohio Conference, and sent to Bainbridge circuit.
One year later he was stationed at Whitney Chapel, Mari-
etta. The war of the rebellion having broken out, he
stumped Washington county under the direction of the
Military Commission, and aided in recruiting the 63d and
77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In May, 1862, he volun-
teered in a three months’ company to aid in defending the
national capital. The company had a large proportion of
students from Marietta College, and when he was elected
Captain, two seniors were chosen lieutenants. This event-
ually became Company A of the 87th Regiment of the
Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After four months’ faithful ser-
vice, he shared in the humiliation of Miles’ surrender of
Harper’s Ferry. Having been exchanged, the regiment
was reorganized for three years, but failing to fill up, was
consolidated with another detachment, as the 125th, a
regiment that General Thomas dubbed, on the battle-field
of ( hickaimuiga, the “Ohio I igers,” and which, under
Colonel, afterwards Major-General, Opdycke, achieved a
splendid reputation. In the consolidation Caj tain Moore
lost the position of I.ieutenant-Coloiiel, to which he had
been assigned. However, he was suffered to remain out
but a short time, and then, on the petition of all the held
and line officers of the 125th, was Commissioned by Gover-
nor Tod as Major, and detailed to recruit the two companies

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which l!ie regiment slill lacked. This lie die!, ami having
despatched Company I to the regiment lie followed with
Company K to the Army of the Cmnhci land, then in Mast
Tennessee. ('olonel Opdyeke having been detailed to
command a Inigade, Major Moore, promoted now to I.icu
tenant Colonel, commanded the regiment and shared in the
trials and triumphs of the famous Atlanta campaign. When
Atlanta fell, seeing the beginning of the end, shattered in
health and feeling that he had exhausted his leave of ab-
sence from the pulpit, he resigned his commission and
returned to civil life. lie was immediately called as
supply to liigelow Chapel, Columbus. In the autumn of
1865 he was stationed at Second Street, Zanesville; in
1868 at St. Paul, Delaware; in 1870 at Wesley Chapel, Co-
lumbus; in 1872 transferred to Cincinnati and stationed at
Trinity. This important charge he served until his term ex-
pired by limitation, in August, 1S75, Meantime he had been
unanimously elected President of the Cincinnati Wesleyan
College, one of the largest female colleges in the United
States, lie was inaugurated June loth, and entered upon his
duties September I Cl h , 1S75. On June 24th, 1S75, the Ohio
Wesleyan University honored him by conferring the degree
of Divinitatis Doctor.

DRICK, IIENRY, Insurance Agent, was born
in Fleming county, Kentucky, on December 25th,
1S10, of American and German parentage. About
the year 1814 his father removed with his family
from Kentucky to Clarke county, Ohio, where he
purchased a large tract of land and established
himself thereon as a successful farmer, He continued in
the prosperous cultivation of his farm until the time of his
death. Henry received his education at the common schools
of the county, attending school in the winter and \Vorking
on his father’s farm in the summer until he was twenty
years of age. Then he commenced teaching school in the
village near his father’s place, and continued teaching there
for six months. In 1831, when he had attained his majority,
he entered a mercantile house in Springfield, Ohio, and
after serving there a few years as a clerk he became a part-
ner in the linn. He remained there, engaged in mercantile
business, until the summer of 1S55. During his residence
in Springfield he held most of the offices in the Methodist
Church. He was Trustee, Treasurer and Secretary of the
Ohio Conference High School, and for more than forty
years, covering the time of his residence at Springfield, and
a considerable portion of his subsequent residence at Cin-
cinnati, he was an active worker, as teacher, secretary and
superintendent in the Sabbath-school. In the fall of 1855
he removed from Springfield to Cincinnati, and there en-
gaged in the insurance business. In the year 1863, in
connection with R. M. bishop, A. D. Bullock, I.owell
Fletcher, William M. Thorne and others, he organized the
Ohio Valley Mire and Marine Insurance Company, of which

405

company he was President for three years, managing its
affairs with very great success. Since January, 1866, he
has given his time and attention almost entirely to the in-
terests id the Multi. d Mile Insurance Company of New
Voik, the representative of which he has been since the
spring of 1856. He has conducted the business of this
great corporation with great success and in a manner satis-
factory to all parties, and has witnessed and aided in its
development from the possession of assets amounting to
some 83,000,CX50 to its present condition, when its assets
amount to 875,000,000. Henry Hedrick was married on
the 30th of August, 1S36, to Mary J. Werden, a resident of
Springfield, Ohio.

^OLMES, ENOS, Physician, was born on January
13th, 1S21, in Tuscarawas (now Carroll) county,
Ohio. He was the fourth of a family of twelve
(t’. / children, whose parents were Enos II. and Mary
(Wilkins) Holmes. On the father’s side he is of
Scotch descent, his father’s ancestors having emi-
grated from Scotland to this country and settled in New
Jersey. His paternal grandfather, Jacob Holmes, was in
early life a resident of Pennsylvania, lie removed thence
with his family to Virginia, and thence to Ohio, where he
settled in Jefferson county in its very early days, and was
one of the leading pioneers of that region, when to be a
pioneer meant much more than it does in our day. The
task of founding a new settlement, far away from the old
established haunts of civilization, is a sufficiently hard and
trying task, even when the surroundings are peaceful and
there is only the unbroken prairie to bring under cultiva-
tion. But the pioneers of OlTio had still harder experiences
and still greater privations to endure. They had not only
to make a home, but they had to make a place for that
home by felling the forest and bringing the soil, with in-
finite labor, into a condition to cultivate. Worst and most
trying of all, they were surrounded on all sides by furious
savages, who rendered their lives and their homes at all
times insecure. To cope with such surroundings and to
conquer such difficulties required men who were men : men
who were brave to the heart’s core and manly in every
fibre. Such a man was Jacob Holmes. In common with
the other brave men about him, he endured and triumphed
over all the hardships and privations inseparable from the
task he had undertaken. lie was an active participant in
the early Indian wars of Ohio, and won great distinction as
an intrepid and successful Indian spy and scout. As was
very often the case, his undaunted courage was supple-
mented by the finer and higher attributes of humanity, and
by a serious regard for religion, which his constant nearness
to dealli developed, instead of quenching, lie was hos-
pitable to the last degree, as was the case with most of the
pioneers. 11 is cabin in the wilderness was always open to
all in need of a cordial welcome, a helping hand and an

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

encouraging word. Particularly was this the case with all
the laborers in the cause of the Methodist Church in the
wilderness, lie was never weary of forwarding the efforts
and lightening the labors ol such men, and as soon as a
church was known in the wilderness he became a zealous
member of the organization and labored efficiently for its
interests, lie married Elizabeth IIu IT, daughter of Michael
and Hannah (Doddridge) Huff. The latter was a sister
of the celebrated Philip, Joseph and Benjamin Doddridge,
of Virginia, the Doddridges being a family of the highest
intellectual, social and political position in the best days of
the Old Dominion, and of historical celebrity as well.
Many of them were associated with the pioneer settlement
of Ohio, and the names of all of them arc familiar to
Ohioans, either through history, tradition or personal ac-
quaintance. The son of Jacob and Elizabeth Holmes,
Enos II. Holmes, was born in Pennsylvania, and removed
with his parents to Ohio in those early pioneer days. lie
was the wouhy son of a worthy sire, and became a man
widely known in pioneer annals, lie inherited from his
parents a devout and earnest nature, and this early de-
veloped in him to fervent religious zeal. He became an
ardent and efficient laborer in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and his long life was devoted to promoting its
interests and its growth in the wilderness of Ohio. He was
thoroughly imbued with the spirit of his work, and labored
first as a local and then as a circuit preacher. 1 1 is en-
deavors were eminently successful, and his associates in the
church for over thirty years were men of eminence in the
history of Ohio Methodism. His hospitality was extended
alike to the rich and the poor, and his house was the wel-
come home of the weary workers in the cause he so zeal-
ously espoused. He continued his labors to within a few
days of his death, in 1S71. His wife, Mary Wilkins, was a
native of Harrison county, Ohio, and was a daughter of
Robert Wilkins, a farmer and one of the pioneers of that
county. She was through a long and laborious life the effi-
cient helpmeet of her husband, and her death occurred in
1S70, a year before he finished his labors. It was from such
ancestry that Dr. Enos Holmes sprung. His life, until he
was seventeen years ol age, was passed upon a farm, and
his education up to that time was obtained at the ordinary
log school house of the frontier settlement, in the winter
months, when the active labors of the farm were suspended.
He had early decided that he would adopt the medical
profession, and in 1837 he commenced the reading of
medicine at Leesburg, Highland county, near which place
Ins father had settled in 1831. In the year 184 J, after
having completed a thorough course of medical studies and
received his diploma with the degree of M. If, he com-
menced the practice of his profession at New Petersburg, j
in the same county. In the winter of 1847 and 1848 lie
attended lectures at the lust session of the Starling Medical
College, at Columbus, ( )hio, and graduated from that in '

stitution in 184S. He did not in the meantime, however,

relinquish his professional labors, but continued to prose-
cute them in connection with his studies and exertions as a
student, lie subsequently practised with great success at
New Petersburg until 185(1. In that year he removed to
Hillsborough, Highland county, where he has continued to
reside ever since. He is in possession of an extended and
successful practice, and enjoys the entire and well-merited
confidence of the community in which he lives. He stands
high in the esteem of his professional brethren, and is a
member of the Highland County Medical Society. During
the war of the rebellion he served, by the appointment of
Governor Tod, as Examining Surgeon, and while acting in
that capacity was stationed at Milliken’s Bend and Young’s
Point, Tennessee, and at various places in Kentucky and
Ohio. All through the war, and for three years afterwards,
he was assiduously engaged in medico-military duties. He
is an earnest and consistent member of the Methodist
Church, and, like his father and his grandfather before
him, he has rendered efficient service in promoting the in-
terests of that body. Politically he is a Democrat. From
earliest manhood he was a strong anti-slavery man, and has
always opposed oppression in every form. He holds that
these principles, embodied in the policy of the Democratic
party, constitute the true basis for the government of the
nation. In 1875 he was the nominee, on the regular
Democratic ticket, for the position of State Senator. The
characteristics of his Scotch-Irish ancestry are very evenly
balanced in his constitution, the attributes of the shrewd,
far-seeing Scot being complemented by those of the impul-
sive and more mercurial Celt. His fine social qualities
render him universally popular, while he is equally es-
teemed for his professional skill and his scholarly attain-
ments. He was married 01^840 to Eliza A. Huff, daughter
of Eleazer Huff, an early pioneer of Highland county.
She died in 1847, and in 1849 he married, for his second
w ife, Cynthia A. Ilulitt, daughter of Britton C. llulitt, an-
other of Highland county’s pioneers. She died in 1852, and
he married again in 1855, taking for his wife Anna Jones,
daughter of John Jones, also of Highland county, and, like
Mr. Huff and Mr. llulitt, one of its earliest pioneers.

LITTON, WAYLANI) \V., the Alderman from the
First Ward of the city of Cincinnati and one of
the presiding officers of the Board, is a merchant
in avocation. He is a native of Clermont county,
Ohio, and is now forty-two years old. His an-
cestry were among the old pioneer stock of Cler-
mont county, where his father, William D. Sutton, was for
many years a prominent and successful merchant and an
inllucntial citizen, lie attended the best schools ol his
native county until the opening of Antioch College, when
he entered this institution as one of the first students, mid
was enrolled by Dr. Horace Mann. In 1854 he relin-

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BIOGRAl’l I1CAL ENCYCLOIVEDI A.

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guished college life anil entered l lie store of his father, anil
there remained until 1856, when he engaged in business in
I'incinuuti on his own account. 1 1 is father dying in 1858,
he returned to Amelia, and there icinaincd in business until
iSti.j. lie then eslablislud himself permanently in the
Oueen City, where he now conducts the leading retail dry-
goods house of the place, on l’earl street, lie has won an
enviable position in Cincinnati, both as an able and success-
ful business man and as a public-spit ited and energetic citi-
zen. lie has never been what is known as a seeker after
office. Very reluctantly, in 1873, at the urgent solicitation
of his friends, he accepted a nomination for the Board of
Aldermen — it was the higher compliment, inasmuch as in
that ward reside an unusually large number of able and
wealthy citizens. In 1S75 he was re-elected to the Board
over a highly popular citizen, who had been for many years
an active and efficient member of the City Council. In
1S62 Mr. Sutton was married to a daughter of the late
Colonel Jacob Ebersole, for many years one of the most
prominent citizens of Clermont county. As intimated, had
it not been foreign to his tastes, which were entirely for
business pursuits, an official career both of emolument and
honor might have been pursued by him with success.

^OLCATE, WILLIAM CURTIS, Lawyer, Capi-
talist, and Landowner, was born, November 23d,
1814, at Burlington, Vermont, of American
parentage, and of English and Scotch ancestry.
He has in his possession an ancient English coat
of arms, without date, and of which he has no
knowledge, save that it has been handed down from his
ancestors. The first of these who came to America was
his meat grandfather, on his father’s side, who came whilst
we were colonies of Great Britain, as a surgeon of the
British army. lie died and was buried at sea between
Boston and Halifax, whilst in this service, lie left one
son, who at seventeen, being without a home, enlisted as a
private in the British army, then engaged in the old
*• French war,” prevailing in America prior to our Revolu-
tion. This ancestor, at the close of this war, married a
daughter of Captain Katlian, a Scotchman, who had settled
upon the Connecticut river near the site of Brattleboro’,
Vermont, and had purchased the fine bottom-lands along
that river, for a distance of nine miles. On his mother’s
side, whose maiden name was Prentice, one great-uncle
assisted in throwing the tea into Boston harbor; another
was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill; and a third was
killed at llurgoyne’s surrender. The eminent editor of the
J.ouisvi/le Journal descended from this l’rentice family
Mr. Ilolgate was prepared for college at the academy in
Utica, New York, and a select school in the same city ;
and about the year 1832 entered Hamilton College, from
which institution he graduated in the summer of 1835 ; in

1841 he received the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater.
After leaving college he commenced the study of law with
Willard Crafts in Utica, and remained with him until April,
183(1, when lie removed to Defiance, Ohio. At this place
he entered the law olhee ol Horace Sessions, with whom
he concluded his studies, and was admitted to the bar of
the Supreme Court of Ohio, in the summer of 1838. On
the death (about that time) of George T. Ilickcox, clerk
of the court, he was appointed to succeed him, which posi-
tion he resigned in the spring of 1839, to accept the office
of Prosecuting Attorney for Williams county, and as such
commenced his first practice of the law. The present
Chief-Justice of the United States, lion. M. R. Waite, about
this time delivered his “maiden speech” in the small brick
building, now occupied by Hon. Henry Hardy, on the east
side of the old public square, which was then the court
house of Williams county, in a case wherein Mr. Ilolgate
was the opposing counsel, the Hon. A. P. Edgerton, now
of Fort Wayne, was Mr. Waite’s client, and the lion.
Emery I). Potter, of Toledo, was the presiding judge; and
this, too, was also the first of Mr. Ilolgate’s cases in a
court of record. In January, 1845, l|e drafted the bill to
erect the county of Ueliance, and by his persistent efforts
and in the face of a well-organized and powerful opposition,
the bill became a law March 4th, of the same year. He
was active in the organization of the first agricultural
society for the county, in 1848; and in successfully initiating
the movement for an annual fair, in 1S51. lie was ever
vigilant in promoting manufacturing and kindred enter-
prises, and in the projection and construction of roads, and
the care of all public interests affecting the town and county.
In the years 1851-52 the business prospects of Defiance
seemed likely to be lost by t^ie construction of railroads
passing it on all sides, and at some distance. Foreseeing
and fearing this danger, by most untiring and unremitting
efforts he succeeded in securing to the town the Toledo,
Wabash 8: Western Railway. In 1853 his health became
very precarious ; owing partly to climatic influences and
partly to over exertions on account of railways and in his
profession, and with a partial attack with congestion of the
brain, he became seriously threatened with apoplexy.
Unable to read or write, for the greater part of the suc-
ceeding twelve years, he relinquished the practice of law,
which he has never resumed. In March, 1S64, when the
land granted to the town, fourteen years previously, for the
Defiance Female Seminary, had been forfeited for non-
payment, and a bill was on its passage in the Legislature,
requiring the Slate Auditor to sell the same, he visited
Columbus, and by his personal efforts succeeded in securing
the passage of an act, authorizing the lands to be deeded on
payment of the necessary amount. This amount Mr. llol-
gale and Horace Sessions, since deceased, advanced, and
so these lands, embracing 1280 acres' with their growing
avails, were retained and secured to the town. In the year
18G9, with a realizing sense of the very great importance

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408 -

BIOGRA PH ICAL ENCYCl.OlVEDIA.

of a direct railroad route, from tire southern bend of Lake
Michigan to ihe centres of commerce on the Atlantic coast,
and with a lull faith and almost an inspiration that such a
route would he established, he organized a company for
that object in Ohio, which was followed by one connecting
w ith it in Indiana to Illinois. Now again was begun by
him a diligent and unceasing work in the cause of another
railway, that was to pass through his town. Chicago,
Pittsburgh, New York, Baltimore, and the towns on line in
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania were visited.
Dropping all other business, with an energy that was un-
tiring and a watchfulness that was sleepless, his work cul-
minated in attracting the attention of the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad Company to the route in 1871, and in the r adop
lion of it for their Chicago extension in 1872, and its con-
struction in 1873-74. Mr. Ilolgate has been a Director in
this new road since its organization. lie is President of
the Defiance Manufacturing Company; also of the new
Defiance Savings Bank. lie is one of the most extensive
real estate owners and dealers in northwestern Ohio. He
was formerly a Whig, is now a Republican. Was married
in 1851. 1 1 is wife dying in June, 1865, left him a widower,
in which state he has continued. lie has two children,
a son who recently attained full age, and a married daughter
or nineteen.

EASONGOOD, JACOB, Merchant and Ranker,
was born in Burgkunstadt, on the river Main,
District of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, November
14th, 1814. His parents, although in comforta-
ble circumstances, were of limited education, but
enabled doubtless by that very fact to set upon
learning its true and high value, wisely resolved to secure to
their offspring the advantages which had not been attainable
for themselves. He was accordingly placed under a private
tutor to learn the English and French languages, and at-
tended subsequently the common schools of his native town.
In 1S28, having attained the age at which the law required
the selection of a trade or profession, he chose, after due
deliberation, the trade of weaver, and was apprenticed to
Jandorf Fiiedman, a cloth manufacturer of Burgkunstadt,
with whom he served his full term of three years, afterward
receiving his certificate as journeyman. In accordance with
the invariable custom of the day, he then travelled from
place to place, finding employment at journey work in
several of the leading establishments of Saxony, Prussia,
and Wurlcmberg. In 1837, after an absence of seven years,
lie returned home to find his beloved mother dead, and his
father unable to add one hundred and sixty florins to the
four hundred and sixty, which, by the exercise of rigid
economy, he had saved from his scanty earnings, that he
might gratify his ambition and start a factory of his own.
Failing in this project, he determined to seek fortune in
America. Then, having organized a party of comrades,

also willing to enter a new field of labor, he strove success-
fully against the dissuasions of his family, and started w ith
them, in a wagon, for Bremen, where they arrived after a
journey of fourteen days. All then took 11 passage between
decks in the ‘ Constitution.’ ” After a voyage of ten weeks,
the travellers landed in New York city, July 21st, 1837.
11 is possessions at this dale were, in all, seventy-five dollars,
American money. A financial crisis had paralyzed trade,
and after a persistent but fruitless search for employment,
he determined to invest his remaining capital in goods,
with which he could start anew as peddler in the city.
Ultimately, however, the depression of business, and his
lack of llueney in speaking English, induced him to turn
his face .to the W est. In September, 1837, after having
worked by day, and by night travelled by boat, via the Erie
canal, he found himself at Chill icolhe, Ohio, then the west-
ern head quarters of German peddlers. Here he labored
for a period with untiring energy and zeal, then moved to
Cincinnati, Ohio, and formed a copartnership with Philip
lleidelbach, under the firm-style of i leidelbach Season-
good. Subsequently the partners sustained their peri-
patetic commerce with much success, and conducted a
thriving business in the counties environing the city, then
containing about four thousand inhabitants. The year
1840 saw them possessed of a capital sufficiently large to
permit the relinquishment of the laborious system of ped-
dling, and in March of that year they established a retail
clothing store at Front and Sycamore streets, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Fortune favored this enterprise to such an extent
that in 1S42 the co-workers opened a jobbing and retail
dry-goods house, on Main street near Pearl street, and, as
the conduct of the two houses involved a greater amount
of labor and responsibility, admitted into partnership two
younger brothers of Philip lleidelbach, and the firm-name
was changed to lleidelbach, Seasongood & Co. The busi-
ness, meeting with prosperity on every side, soon outgrew
its original quarters, and eventually was removed to the
commodious building at No. 18 Pearl street. The house
purchased also the lot on which the Front street clothing
store was situated, and, after erecting a suitable building,
engaged extensively in the manufacture of clothing, thus
giving needed employment to many destitute and suffering
lamilics. Ihe business on Front street rapidly developed
into a wholesale trade, and it was then decided to concen-
trate the two houses in the fine building at Third and Main
streets, which was secured at an annual rental of five
thousand dollars. In i860 the business was again removed
to the superb building at Third and Vine streets, erected
by the partners to meet the wants of their ever-increasing
trade, and carefully filled with every convenience. F'ronr
i860, the date of organization, until 186S, he was a partner
in the banking-house of Espry, lleidelbach 8: Co. Upon
the dissolution of this partnership, at the latter date, the
partnership also which existed between him and Philip
1 leidelbach was dissolved, alter a successful and harmoni-

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BIOGRAPHICAL encyclopedia.

409

otts association of over thirty years. The new firm of
J. & 1.. Seasongood & Co. was then formed. This house,
still in prosperous life, continues the business at the old
stand, and retains its prestige as the leading cloth house ol
the city. In the spring of 18O4 he returned to Europe, and
sought at the famous Kissingen Springs the re-establishment
of his failing health, taking with him his two sons, whom
lie left at the college of 1’rofessor llohagen, in Frankfort-
on-lhe-Main, where they remained three years for the pur-
pose of completing their education, lie then visited his
former employers, with whom he now sustains business
relations of an important nature, and also the home of his
childhood, which was marred only by the demise of his
father, who, at the age of eighty-nine years, had passed
away in 1855. The banking-house of Seasongood, Notter
iV Co. was formed January 15th, 1870, and, having speedily
outgrown its original quarters, was, in February, 1873, re-
moved to the handsome building, erected by the firm to
meet its wants, at 74 West Third street, where the business
is now successfully prosecuted. lie has been for nearly a
quarter of a century a Director of the Hebrew Relief
Society, and formally years Director of the Jewish Hospital,
and Trustee of the Mound Street Temple and Broadway
Synagogue. Over the latter institution he presided for two
terms, having been the first President under the Reform
movement, inaugurated by Rev. Dr. Max l.ilienlhal. He
now enjoys the legitimate fi nils of enterprise and honest
labor, and is happy as the patriarch of an affectionate family,
whose revered centre he is, each of his married daughters
residing in houses adjoining the homestead on Eighth
street. He is unassuming but liberal in his chaiitable
works, and has, on many occasions, given generously of
his means to denominational and public charities; and to
his encouragement and material assistance many of his
countrymen, now prosperous merchants, owe their present
business success, lie was married, April 3d, 1S39, to
Lena Kiefer, a lady of excellent attainments, by whom he
has had eight children; of those six survive : Emma, the
wife of his partner, Lewis Seasongood; I.aura; Jennie, the
wile of Joseph llolim, of Rohm, Mach & Co.; Julia, the
wife ol Julius Reis, of Reis Brothers & Co., President of
the t incinnati Board of Aldermen ; and Adolph and
Charles, who are associated with him in business.

0 f-rba

LIVIES, WEBSTER, Chief Clerk of the Office of
Plj I 11* the Solicitor ol United Stales Treasury, was born
^ 1 1 1 in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 6th, 1834. His
G'lO'Xb lJ;Uents were Lazel and Mary E. (Candler)
Elmes. Having graduated at the High School
of Philadelphia, at the age of eighteen he re-
lumed to Cincinnati ami entered the law office of Salmon
P. Chase and Mamen Rail. 1 1 ere he qualified himself lot-
legal practice, w as admitted to the bar in 1858 and engaged

52

in the duties of his profession until the breaking out of the
war. During his residence in Clifton, a suburban town of
Cincinnati, lie was honored by being chosen Mayor of the
town. In 1861 he removed to Washington to accept a posi-
tion under the government. January, 1871, he was ap-
pointed Chief Clerk of the office of the Solicitor of the
Treasury, the duties in this position being more conge-
nial and in keeping with his professional training as a law-
yer. His continuance in positions of honor and trust for a
period of fifteen years bears ample testimony to his ability
and integrity as a public servant. He was married in June,
1864, to Rosa E. S. White, daughter of Littleton S. White,
of Maryland.

1

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ERION, NATHANIEL, was born in Franklin
county, Ohio, February 1 6th , 1814, of French
descent. His father was William Mcrion, of
Massachusetts; his mother, Sally Wait, of Dex-
ter, New York. He received his education
principally in log-cabin school-houses near his
home, south of Columbus. He remained with his father
on the farm until that parent’s death, in 1837, and then with
his mother until he was thirty-three, with the exception of
a short period of independence. When about twenty years
old he, like many boys, felt equal to the task of taking care
of himself, and left his home, w ith the knowledge of his
parents. They, wisely, made no effort to retain him or
bring him back ; and after visiting Cincinnati and Ports-
mouth, and being left without money at the mercy of
strangers, during a spell of .sickness, he willingly, of his
own accord, returned to his home. Ilis coming, as his
going, excited no comment, and affairs went on as usual,
until November 81I1, 1846, when he married Madeline
Watkins. lie was for over ten years Superintendent of
Wood’s Starch Factory, and for several years engaged in
real estate business. In August, 1S61, he was appointed
Commissary of Subsistence by President Lincoln, and held
this position until June, 1S62, under General Rosecrans
and General Milroy, at Beverly, West Virginia. At this
time he resigned from ill health. He w'as appointed
Warden of the Penitentiary in July, 1862; was legislated
out in April, 1863, but afterward reappointed for two
years, and served for that length of time. At the ex-
piration of this term of office lie engaged in and is still
carrying on the grocery business, mulct the style of N.
Mcrion A Co., the Co. being his son Frank. In May,
1S73, lie was elected President of the Central Rank, which
position he still holds. ’ In early life Mr. Merion was a
Whig, and on the dissolution of that party became, and is
at the present time, a Liberal Republican. Mr. Merion has
always taken an active interest in the allairs and growth
of (he city, and justly merits the high esteem anil regard iu
which lie is held by his fellow citizens.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

C'Trtfl1111'1,11', COMMODORE ABRAHAM, Pioneer
Jjjl [I Settler, w;is I >< >rn in Providence, Rhode Island,
(III *M > 7 jj- He was a descendant of John Whipple,

,*7 one of the original proprietors of tlio 1’rovidonoc
^ i'v ^ riantalions, and an associate of Roger Williams.

If is early education was very imperfect, and a
seafaring life fell to the lot of his youth. At one time he
commanded a privateer, fitted out to prey upon Spanish
commerce, lie also commanded a vessel in the East India
trade. Early in the commencement of the troubles between
the mother country and the colonists, he boarded and burnt
the British schooner “ Gaspe,” stationed in Narragansett
Bay to enforce the maritime laws. In June, 1775, he was
appointed to the command of an armed schooner in the
cause of the colonists, and soon cleared Narragansett Bay
of all British “ floats. ” To this gallant officer is given the
credit of tiring the first naval gun in the cause of American
independence, lie served in the navy throughout the war
of the Revolution, but his exploits in that field find a more
fitting place in the history of the United States. lie was
among the boldest and most successful of America’s naval
commanders. On the formation of the Ohio Company he
emigrated to Marietta, Ohio, with his wife and son. In the
year 1800 he commanded a small vessel, built, rigged, and
loaded at Marietta for New Orleans. It was named “ St.
Clair,” in honor of the governor of the Northwest Territory.
In May, 1801, he was given command of this vessel, which
was loaded with pork and flour. In July he reached New
Orleans. The “ St. Clair” was the first rigged vessel ever
built on the Ohio river, and he had the honor of conducting
her to the ocean. He never attempted another voyage,
being now advanced in years. In early life he was married
to Sarah Hopkins, sister of Governor Hopkins, of his native
State, who bore him three children. In 1811 Congress al-
lowed him half-pay as Captain in the navy, which made him
comfortable for the balance of his days. H is only son never
married, and the family name has not been perpetuated, al-
though the descendants of his .daughters are numerous. He
died at the residence of a widowed daughter near Marietta,
May jijlli, 1 S 1 9, alter a short illness, the death of his aged
partner having occurred about six months previous. They
lie buried side by side at Marietta.

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UTNAM, GENERAL RUFUS, Pioneer Settler and
Founder ol Marietta, Ohio, was born in Massa-
chusetts, April 8th, 17,58. At nineteen he had
learned the trade of millwright, and entered the
military service against the French and Indians.

At the close of this war he ranked as Ensign, but
left |h e sei vice to follow his trade, at the same time studying
mathematics and surveying. In the war of the Revolution
lie entered the ranks ol the colonists, and served with honor
all through the contest that followed. He was always held

in high esteem by General Washington, and often took part
in military conferences with his distinguished chief. At the
close of the war he was created a Brigadiei -General for
faithful services in the cause. In 1787 he was appointed
Superintendent of the affairs of the Ohio Company, and in
April, 1788, began the settlement of Marietta. In 1789
President Washington appointed him to a Judgeship in the
Northwest Territory, and in 1792 he was made a Brigadier-
General to serve against the Indians, but resigned on ac-
count of ill health. In 1796 he was appointed Surveyor-
General of the United States, serving in that position until
1803. He was a member of the convention that framed a
constitution for the new State of Ohio, when age and failing
strength admonished him to withdraw from the activities of
life. He lived many years thereafter, however, dying at
Marietta, May 1st, 1S24. In person he was tall and com-
manding, and his mind was cast in a mould that made him
scrupulously exact in the fulfilment of public duties.

5 /pV T. CLAIR, GENERAL ARTHUR, First Governor
^ of the Northwest Territory, was born in Scotland
in 1734. He received a classical education, and
afterwards studied medicine. Having a taste for
military life, he obtained the appointment of Sub-
altern in the British army. He was under Wolfe
at the storming of Quebec, but never achieved any fame as
a soldier while in the service of the mother country. After
the peace of 1763 he was assigned to the command ol Fort
Ligonier, in Pennsylvania, and received there a grant of one
thousand acres of land. ITior to the war of the Revolution
he held several civil offices. When the war broke out he
espoused the cause of the colonists, and was appointed a
Colonel of Continentals. A month after ihe Declaration of
Independence he was made a Brigadier-General. 1 le after-
wards becamea Major-General, and was ordered to take com-
mand of Fort Ticonderoga. On the approach of Burgoyne he
abandoned it. For this he was charged with everything
that would compromise the dignity and character of a sol-
dier. Before a court-martial, however, he thoroughly vindi-
cated his course, showing that the evacuation of Ticonderoga
only hastened the surrender of Burgoyne, and that his
strategy contributed no little to that great event in the his-
tory of the war of the Revolution. Congress sustained the
verdict of acquittal, and he served with credit until peace
was declared. In 1785, while residing on his l.uui at l.igo-
nier, Pennsylvania, he was appointed a delegate to Ihe Con-
tinental Congress, and soon after chosen President of that
august body. After the passage of an act for llicj'ovci nment
of the Northwestern Territory, lie was appointed its Governor
in October, 1787- In this position he continued until he
was removed by President Jefferson in the winter of 1802-3,
a period of some fifteen years. In his official life he was
noted for his extreme simplicity of manner and easy address.

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411

T!ie most conspicuous event in his military life was the
battle which has passed into history as ‘‘St. Clair’s Defeat.”
This ball le -01 massacre, as by some it is termed tool;
place No vein In 1 1 1 1 1 , l 70 1 , wilhin the limits o I what is now
Dulse county, named idler a gallant olliecr of St. Claii's
command. An expedition had been lilted out having lor its
object the establishment of a military post at what is now
known as Fort Wayne, Indiana. The army was suddenly
attacked by a superior force of Indians, and, after a fierce
but unequal light, retreated in great confusion and disorder.
Many historians have censured the general in command,
but there is ample testimony that his personal bravery was
very conspicuous, and that he did his best to stem the tide
of defeat. Many brave officers were sacrificed, and die gen-
eral himself narrowly escaped, having four horses shot. No
more horrible tale of butchery is chronicled in the annals of
our Indian wars. While the disaster was deplored by the
entire country, President Washington did not lose confi-
dence in General St. Clair. After his removal from the
Governorship of the Teriitory, he returned to the Idgonier
valley, aged and impoverished, and resided with a widowed
daughter. fhe bounty of his friends would not allow him
to absolutely want for the necessaries of life, yet he lived for
years in poverty. Congress refused to recognize a claim
which he deferred pressing until this very emergency, and
after spending considerable time in Washington in making
vain appeals, the old soldier returned home thoroughly dis-
couraged. Put the Legislature of Pennsylvania, recognizing
his eminent services, granted him an annuity of three hun-
dred dollars, which was afterwards raised to six hundred
and fifty. lie did not live long to enjoy it, however. He
died August 31st, 1 S 1 8, fi am injuries received by the
running away of his horse.

^ |ARRV, GENERAL AUGUSTUS C., was born in
Trenton, New Jersey, in 1S28. 1 1 is parents

were English people, and removed to Cincinnati
while Augustus was quite young. Pcing left an
orphan soon alter, he was apprenticed to learn the
trade of turner, and afterwards established him-
self in that iiusincis. When the war broke out he entered
the volunteer service as Major ol the 2d Ohio Infantry. At
the first battle of Pull Run he was early in the light, and in
the retreat his regiment repelled the attacks of the enemy’s
cavalry. When he returned to Cincinnati with his brave
command, he was given an enthusiastic reception, about a
hundred thousand people taking part in the exercises. 1
entered the three years' seta ice as Major of the ,17th Ohio
Infantry, and joined the army under Roseerans. In August,
1S6-’, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and in |anu-
ary, I St> 3, to a full Colonelcy, in the meantime having dis-
played his soldiei ly qualities on many lull'll fought fields.
At Vicksburg he served with credit, at one time being tern

porarily in command of a brigade. Twice after this he held
commands far above his rank. At Kenesaw Mountain he
was severely wounded, but recovered in lime to join in
“ the ma 1 ill to I he sea.” 1 11 I lie a, .ail It on I' • >1 1 M 1 A I lister,
undei General ila/eii, he was die lust field olficer to enter
the enemy’s works. A t the close of the war he was bre-
vclted Prigadier-General. I11 the fall of 1865 he was
elected Treasurer of Hamilton county on the Republican
ticket. He died in December, 1866, of consumption.

A DUEL, THOMAS, M. IT, was born in Seneca,
Jlaldimand county, Canada West, October 13th,
1S43. His parents are natives of the north of
Ireland. Ilis literary and preliminary education
was obtained in the common schools of Canada,
his professional education at the medical depart-
ment of the University of Puffalo, and the University of
Wooster. Until his twenty-second year was attained he
worked on his father’s farm, but having a strong desire to
enter the profession of medicine, he went to Puffalo in 1865
and became a student in the office of Professor Samuel W.
\Vetmore, M. IT, then Demonstrator of Anatomy in the
University of Puffalo. After attending a course of lectures
in this institution in 1866-67, his health and financial re-
sources failing him simultaneously, he was engaged tempo-
rarily in travelling through the West in the interests of a
life insurance company. In 1870 he attended lectures in
the medical department of the Wooster University, at Cleve-
land, Ohio. He then acted as Prosector to the Chair of
Anatomy, and on graduating in 1871 was elected valedic-
torian of the graduating clas^„ Upon his removal to Char-
don, Geauga county, Ohio, he entered upon the practice of
his profession, and met w ith unexpected, success. In De-
cember, 1873, he settled in Toledo, Ohio, where he now
resides engaged in the control of an extensive and growing
practice. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical So-
ciety, and a member and olficer of the Toledo Medical Asso-
ciation. In politics he is a Republican. He was married
in 1869 to Lizzie Lawrence, of Iowa.

IKOEE, HON. ALLEN T., was born in Adams
county, Ohio, November 15th, 1825, being the
son of John and Nancy (Jones) Wikoff, the former
of whom followed the occupation of a farmer,
lie was educated in the common schools of his
native county, and by private study. He started
in life as a farmer, w hich he followed until 1S62, when he
entered the army as Lieutenant of Company I, 91st Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, and served in the army of West Virginia.
He remained in the service three years, and in 1863 was
advanced to the position of Captain. In 1871 he was ap-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

pointed Chief Clerk in the office of the Secretary of Stale of
Ohio, and discharged the duties of that position until elected
himself as Secretary of State on the Republican ticket in
1N72. In this capacity, fulfillin'; the trusts devolving upon
him, he served from January, 1873, until January, 1S75.
The Republicans in 1874 renominated him by acclamation
for the office. The opposition triumphed at the polls, and
Mr. Wikoff suffered the fate of the others on his ticket,
lie prepared with great care an unusually valuable statistical
report relative to the political allairs ol the Stale, the facts
and figures of which were collated after troublesome labor.
The work presented much that was of use and interest rela-
tive to politics in a convenient form. Mr. WikoU, after his
service in the army, read law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1S66. Ever since 1S74 lie has been Chairman of the
Slate Republican Committee, and in January, 1876, was ap-
pointed Adjutant-General on the stall of Governor Hayes,
which office he still holds. He was married to Angeline
Collier, of Adams county, on December 2d, 1852, by
whom he has had seven children, four of whom survive.
He now resides at Columbus.

1 RAII.EY, MOSES RANDOLPH, Lawyer and
Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, was
born, November 2d, 1816, at Canandaigua, New
York, of American parents, and of English and
Irish descent. He received an elementary edu-
cation in the common schools of Buffalo, New
York, which he supplemented afterwards by close study in
leisure hours. After leaving school he was engaged in
sailing vessels on Lake Erie, in which he continued for five
years, when, on account of the superior abilities he displayed,
he was, in the autumn of 1835, made mate of the steamer
“ Sheldon Thompson,” which post he tilled for two seasons.
After leaving the steamer he removed to Ohio, in 1837, where
he embarked In the lumber business, and also in farming at
Norwalk, which he continued for five years, during which |
time he was elected Justice ol the Peace for Norwalk, and
served as such for a term ol si\ years. W hile he occupied ^
this position he read law with lion. E. M. Stone, and was
admitted to the bar in 184(1, and remained in Norwalk,
practising his profession, until 1857. In the fall of 1852 he
was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Huron county, Ohio, I
and re-elected in 1S54, his term expiring in 1856. lie re-
moved to Fulton county in 1857, where lie continued his
law practice until the autumn of 1858, when he was elected
Prosecuting Attorney for that county, and was re-elected in
1S60. He tilled this position until 1861, when the civil I
war broke out, and he enlisted in the three months’ service, ^
and on August 2lsl of the same year was named Captain of
Company I of the 38th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
for three years’ service. He was wounded in a skirmish near
Mill Springs, Kentucky, and discharged from the service on

that account in March, 1862. In the following month of
May lie was made Captain ol Company G of the 85th Regi-
ment Ohio Infantry, and on August 28th was transferred to
the 1 1 1 th Ohio, and promoted to the rank of Major, and
went to the field in command ol that regiment, lie partici-
pated in the battles of Frankfort and Perryville, Kentucky,
and in January, 1863, advanced to the grade of Lieutenant-
Colonel. He was in the battles of Rochester and Lenoir,
Tennessee, in the autumn of 1863, and was brevetted a
Colonel in the regular army and Brigadier-General of Vol-
unteers tor gallantry on the field, and for services rendered.
He was shortly afterwards attacked with hemorrh°ge of the
lungs, ami discharged from the army on account of the same
during the winter of 1863-64. On his return to Ohio he
was appointed by Governor Brough, in February, 1864,
Pay Agent, and served in that capacity until the close of the
war. He was elected in 1865 Comptroller of the State
Treasury of Ohio, re-elected in 1S68, and served until 1 87 1 ,
meanwhile being elected a member of the Board of Soldiers’
Claims for Ohio. He is at present engaged in farming and
also in the practice of his profession in Swanton, Fulton
county, having the largest and best clientelage of any lawyer
in that county. During his life he has been a consistent
Whig, and since the dissolution of that party, an unwavering
Republican. He was married, April 2lst, 1837, to Sarah
Jane Maxoin, of Buffalo, New York.

ROSVENOR, GENERAL CHARLES II., Law-
yer, Representative in the General Assembly from
Athens county, Ohio, was born in Pomfret, Wyud-
ham county, Connecticut, September 20th , 1833.
His parents were Peter Grosvenor and Ana
(Chase) Grosvenor, \\ hr removed to Athens
county, Ohio, in 1838, and settled on a farm. The Gros-
venors are the descendants of an old English family, the
founder of the line in America having been John Grosvenor,
who died in Roxlniry, Massachusetts, in 1690, leaving a
family of six sons, from whom, it is believed, are descended
all who now bear the name of Grosvenor in this country.
The tombstone of John Grosvenor bears the coat of arms of
his family. Thomas Grosvenor, grandfather of General
Grosvenor, served as a colonel during the revolulionaiy con-
flict, and was attached to the staff of General Washington,
lie afterward became Judge of the Circuit Court of Con-
necticut, and for several years was a member of the Gov-
ernor’s Council. His father served during the war of 1812,
and rose to the rank of major in the militia service. lie
attended the public schools of the day in Athens county,
Ohio, but for the greater portion of his education is indebted
to the care and efforts of his mother, a woman of rare attain-
ments and remarkable intelligence. Starting in life on his
own resources, he taught in the county public schools for
about three years, and in the meantime, by the advice and

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

4 1 3

under the direction of I.ot I„ Smitli, pursued the study of
law. lie was admitted to the bar in 1X57, and at once en-
tered on the practice of his profession in Athens county. In
July, 1 SGl , he enlisted as a private in the United States
army, hut was immediately promoted to the rank of Major,
and in June, 1 SO j, was again promoted to a Lieutenant-
Colonelcy. At the battle ol Nashville he commanded a
brigade, and for gallant service on the Held was recom-
mended for promotion hy General Thomas, lie was then
brevetted Colonel and Brigadier-General. In April, 1865,
lie was raised to the full rank of Colonel, with the brevet
title of Brigadier-General. At the close of the rebellion, he
resumed the practice of his profession, and was nominated
for the State Senate, but failed to secure an election. In
1S73 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent
his county in the House. While acting with this body he
has served on the Committees on Judiciary, on Insurance,
and on Revision. He is also a member of the select Com-
mittees on Express Companies ami Telegraphs, and on the
Investigation of Public Works. At the election in 1875 he
was re-elected to the House of Representatives, and at its
organization, January 3d, 1S76, was chosen Speaker of the
House. In his profession he has attained a high standing,
and his reputation as a criminal advocate is very extended,
lie was married, December 1st, 1858, to Samantha Stewart,
of Athens county, who died April 2d, 1S66, leaving issue of
one child, a daughter. He was again married, May 21st,
1 S67 , to Louise II. Currier, also a native of Athens county,
Ohio.

f"W- UNLAP, MILTON, M. I)., Physician, was born,
August 9th, 1807, in Brown county, Ohio, and is
the third child of William and Mary (Shepherd)
Dunlap. 11 is father was a native of Augusta
county, Virginia, who removed with his father’s
family to Kentucky when a boy. He settled in
Brown county, Ohio, in 1796, w here he resided until his
death in 1S4S. He was a captain in the war of 1S12, and
a man who passed through life as a public-spirited citizen,
llis consort was a daughter of Abraham Shepherd, an early
settler in Brown county, and formerly of Shepherdstown,
Virginia. She died in 1S46. Milton Dunlap was occupied
on the farm until he was seventeen years of age, attending
the district school during the winter. In 1S24 he went to
Ripley, Ohio, and studied medicine and general literature
under the supervision of Dr. T. S. Williamson for about
eighteen months. In 1826 he went to Cincinnati, where he
became a clerk in a drug store, and also at the same time
studied medicine, and attended upon the lectures delivered
at the Ohio Medical College in the winter season, and
graduated from that institution in 1829. The following
year he located at Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, where
he has ever since resided, engaged in the active control of a
large medical practice, and has given a great deal of atten-

tion to obstetrics, in w hich branch of the profession he has
been veiy successful. Up to the present time (February,
1876) he has attended no less than 4650 obstetrical cases,
lie is a member of the Highland County Medical Society.
Notwithstanding the onerous duties ol his profession, he has
found the time to contribute literary articles on medical
topics to the periodical literature of the day. In polities he
is a Republican, lie polled his maiden vole for John
Quincy Adams, the anti Democratic candidate for the Presi-
dency ; but, although taking a deep interest in political
matters, has never sought nor held any public office of a
partisan nature, lie has been for forty-eight years a mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church, and was for ten years an
elder in that denomination, lie is a valuable citizen and
respected by all who know him. He was married in 1838
to Frances L. Kinkaid, of Ross county, Ohio, and is the
father of thirteen children.

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CVJ

URKIIARDT, A. PL, Merchant, was born, April
20th , 1845, in 1 Ierschburg, near Guibrucken,
Rhenish Provinces, Bavaria. When he was ten
years of age his father died, leaving his widow
and two children to contend with the world.
One of these children was a girl, the other the
subject of this sketch. The broad field offered by America
invited the bereft family, and hither they came, settling in
Cincinnati. Ilis efforts to secure an education, begun at the
age of six years in his native land, were continued in the
public schools of Cincinnati until the death of his mother in
1859. Left at the age of fourteen, with neither father nor
mother, in a foreign land with manners and customs and
language all different from his own, the boy had to solve a
practical problem of no little difficulty. He made his en-
trance into the driving world of business through the furni-
ture house of Mitchell & Ramelxberg, Cincinnati, at a salary
of one dollar per week. But fortune had better things in
store for young Burkhardt. At the end of three months
Jacob Theis, retail hatter, offered him one dollar and a half
per week. An increase of fifty per cent, on his salary was
not to be refused, and he accepted the offer. This proved
a judicious step and worked out his future career. From
this humble beginning, by hard work and strict integrity, he
filled one position after another until his employer had no
higher to give him. Mr. Burkhardt remained with Mr.
Theis until January, 1867, when he associated himself w ith
his brother-in-law, F. li. Burkhardt, and bought out the
business. Under the immediate direction of Mr. A. K.
Burkhardt business grew, the firm prospered and soon had
to seek larger quarters. These they found in their present
spacious salesrooms at No. 113 West Fourth street, in Mit-
chell’s Block, still occupying as well the old stand on Main
street. By the energy and tact of the senior member, the
IFm of A. E. Burkhardt & Co. has built up an extensive

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.Ol’.EDIA.

trade, shipping raw skins in large quantities to I.eipsie,
I .mull i i, .uni other foreign 111:11 kels. In lliis lira lull 1 if linn
lia .i lit* >•. I liny have nvu t lu re 1 1 1 1 M I n 1 1 1 1 1 cn| rv | n >111 lenl . I lie
success 11I Mi. A. K. Ihirkliaidl (min st » liiiinhle n begin-
ning is In lie nllriluitei! lo Ins untiring industry, perseverance
and determination. March 1st, 1S71, he married Kmma
Amanda, only daughter of Mr. Andrew Erkenbrccker, a
prominent merchant of Cincinnati.

.‘GREW, J. MII.TON, Sixth Auditor of the United
Stales Treasury, was born in Cincinnati, October
30th, iSjo. Ills father, a native of Baltimore,
Maryland, removed with his parents to Cincinnati
in 1 Sob, while Ins mother, who was a native ol
Cape May, New Jersey, came to that city in 1809.
1 1 is ancestry on the paternal side were Scotch, and on the
maternal side English. Both of his grandfathers were sol-
diers in the Federal army during the Revolution, while his
father served in the war of 1S12. lie was educated in the
Cincinnati High Schools, and entered a prominent institu-
tion for a thorough collegiate training, which, however, he
was obliged to leave, w hen lifleen years old, by the death ol
his father, lie commenced to leach, and for ten years fol-
lowed with success this profession. Ill October, 1854, he
was nominated by the American and Republican parties for
Clerk of the Common Pleas and District Courts of Cler-
mont County, Ohio, and was elected to that office by a ma-
jority of 1700 over his Democratic competitor. After
serving one term he was admitted to the bar and practised
the profession of the law for four years. I11 1S62 he was
appointed by Secretary Chase lo a clerkship in the office of
the Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury, which
bureau settles the accounts of the Post Office Department.
Subsequently he served in various other positions of impor-
tance, and was .honored by promotion through various
grades. On November 1 61 h , 1S64, he was appointed by
Secretary Fessenden to the Chief Clerkship of the Sixth
Auditor’s ollice, ( >11 the lust day of July, 1S75, lie was ap-
pointed by President Grant lo the Sixth Audilorship, and on
the first day ol February, 1876, was confirmed by the Senate.
II is is the only case on record in the Treasury Department
in which a person has passed through all the grades from a
subordinate clerkship to the position of Chief of Bureau.
He h as rare executive ability, is perfectly familiar with the
varied duties of his responsible office, and in every way
competent to discharge them, lie was a member of the
first Republican Convention which assembled at Columbus,
Ohio, on July 13th, 1854, and was a delegate to every suc-
ceeding Stale Convention of the party until called to Wash-
ington. In 1S60 he was a delegate to the National Repub-
lican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham
Lincoln for the Presidency. Since his residence in Wash-
ington he has been twice chosen President of the Ohio State

Republican Association 01 the District of Columbia. He is
a ni. in of wide political inlluencc, and an active member of
the Republican pally. Ills mature judgment is often dc-
leried lo in the conduct of campaigns in his Slate. He is
generally esteemed for his fidelity and skill as an official,
and lor his liberal views and high social qualities as a
private citizen.

ARDNER, CAPTAIN GEORGE B., Lawyer, was
born in Russellville, Brown county, Ohio, May
id, 1S2S. His father, a native of Ohio, followed
through life the trade of a cabinet-maker, and
^ j v :s also at different periods a merchant, a trailer,

(9

and a hotel keeper. He was an active partici-
pant in the war of 1812, and died August 5th, 1873. His
mother, Elina S. (Burrere) Gardner, a native of High-
land county, Ohio, was a daughter of George W. Barrere, a
prominent pioneer of the last-mentioned county. II is pa-
ternal grandfather, Benjamin Gardner, took an active part
in the events ol revolutionary days. He moved at an early
day from New York to Ohio, and settled in Brown county,
where he resided until his decease in 1840. llis early boy-
hood days were passed alternately in working on a farm
during the summer season, and in attending school in the
winter months, lie was subsequently placed as an appren-
tice in the printing office of 'the Political Examiner, at
Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, where he remained for
four and a half years. He then attended a select school at
Ripley, Ohio, for two years, while his leisure hours and
every Saturday were spent in working at the printing office,
for the purpose of defraying the expenses of his sustenance
and tuition. I lis life as a printer and student in Ripley, ( tliio,
continued until 1S49, when he spent a few months in the law
office of his uncle, N. Barrere, at II illsligrough, Ohio, anil
then removed to Washington, Fayette county, Ohio, where he
purchased the Fayette Few Era. In the editorship of this
paper he was engaged until June, 1S56. During those inter-
vening years ol his experience as editor and publisher, he
had, w hen temporarily at leisure, continued the study of law,
and after passing the required examination, was in 1855
admitted to the bar. In 1857, upon renouncing the further
pursuit of the newspaper business, he entered on the practice
of his profession at Washington, Fayette county, where he
was engaged in professional labors until the fall of iS6t.
He then accompanied the both Regiment of Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, as Captain of Company G, to the seat of war in
Virginia, and served with his company and as Acting As-
sistant Adjutant-General of Brigade until the surrender of
Harper’s Ferry, where his regiment was one of the bodies
captured. It was then immediately paroled and sent to the
Parole Camp, at Chicago, Illinois, and there remained until
the expiration of its term of service. I11 November, 1862,
he returned to Washington, Fayette county, Ohio, and in
the winter of 1862 -63 served as Deputy Assessor of the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

415

United States for Internal Revenue. In April of the latter
year he was appointed Commissioner of Enrolment for the
Sixth Congressional Ohio District, head-quarters at Hills-
borough, and was engaged in the discharge of the duties
of that office until the close of the war. In 1865, still re-
maining in Hillsborough, he opened an office for the prac-
tice of law, where he yet remains, engaged in the active
practice of his profession. lie has been Justice of the
Peace since his residence in Hillsborough, has served as a
member of the Town Council, and for two years officiated
as Mayor of the city, lie was chiefly influential in securing
the construction of the new city buildings, and also in the
purchase of the steam fire-engines. In 1867 he was a can-
didate for the position of Prosecuting Attorney. He has
always taken a warm interest in public improvements, and
is always thoroughly awake to the importance of all measures
projected for the profitable development of the true interests
of his city and county. Politically, he was a Whig, and
afterwards an ardent supporter of Stephen A. Douglas.
Upon the breaking out of the war, in 1S61, he joined his
fortunes with the Union party, and is now a Republican,
lie was married, May 3d, 1853, to Amanda Robinson, a
native of Layette county, Ohio.

ADE, BENJAMIN K„ ex- United States Senator,
was born on the 271)1 of October, 1S00, in heed-
ing llills parish, Massachusetts. He was next to
the youngest of ten children, and his father was a
soldier of the Revolution, who fought in every
battle from Bunker Hill to Yorklown. His
mother, the daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman, was a
woman of fine intellect and remarkable force of mind and
character. Benjamin’s school advantages were condensed
into seven days’ attendance upon a district school in his
early boyhood, for the family enjoyed the distinction of
being one of the poorest in New England. But iris mother
became his teacher, and under her patient and competent
tuition he soon learned to read and write. There were a
few books in the house, and these he got hold of and read
and re-read, becoming thereby, notwithstanding his meagre
school opportunities, better informed than the great major-
ity of boys of his age. Most of his boyhood was passed
working on a farm, for which he received only the most
meagre wages ; and when he was eighteen years of age he
concluded that he could do better in the West than he was
doing at home. So, with seven dollars in his pocket and a
bundle of clothing on his back, he started on foot for Ohio,
lie walked as far as Ashtabula county, Ohio, when ire was
stopped by a very heavy fall of snow, and concluded to
wait until spring before he finished his pedestrian tour. He
obtained a job of cutting wood, at fifty cents a cord, in the
Ohio forest, and for the rest of the winter his days were
occupied with this work. 1 1 is evenings were spent in read-

ing the Bible by Ibe light of the fire in (lie log cabin, and
before spring he had read through the Old and New Testa-
ments. Spring came, and still he did not resume bis jour-
ney to Illinois, having been persuaded to remain where he
was and spend the spring and summer in chopping, logging
and grubbing. The next winter he, who bad only attended
school as a learner during one single week of his life, en-
gaged as a school teacher, and passed successfully through
the season in that employment. Lor two years he remained
here, engaged in this manner, and then he undertook the
driving of herds of cattle from Ohio to New York, lie
made six trips of this kind, finding himself, at the end of
the last one, in Albany, New York, as winter was coming
on. He decided to remain there for a time, and did so,
teaching' school there that winter. In the spring he hired
out to shovel on the Erie canal, and spent the summer in
that manner, being, as Governor Seward said in a speech
in the United States Senate, “ the only American I know
who worked with a spade and wheelbarrow on the great
improvement.” At the end of the summer he returned to
Ohio, and taught school there the next winter. The next
spring he commenced the study of law with lion. Elisha
Whitllcsby, and was soon afterwards elected a Justice of
the Peace. After two years of hard study he was admitted
to the bar, and then waited two '’cars longer for his first
suit. It came at last, and was won, and from that time for-
ward his success was assured and steady. Not long after-
wards he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Ashtabula
county, and so took another very important step forward.
But it was not as a lawyer that his future was to be worked
out. lie became active in polities, acting with the Whig
party, and in a short time he was elected to the Ohio State
Senate. There he took ths lead of the Whig minority,
aided in abolishing the law permitting imprisonment for
debt, inaugurated a war against the Ohio “ Black Laws,”
and took a bold stand against the admission of Texas into
the Union, declaring: "So help me God! I will never
assist in adding another rod of slave territory to this coun-
try.” Ills earnest vigor led him to a position far in ad-
vance of that occupied by his party, and as a result of it,
he was left at home when the next election took place.
After a while, however, people came forward to the point
where he stood, and lie was again sent to the State Senate.
There he procured the passage of the bill which founded
the Oberlin College, where “persons, without regard to
race or color,” could be educated. He led the resistance
of the State to the resolution of Congress, denying the right
of the people to petition concerning the abolition of slavery,
and thoroughly identified himself with those farthest in the
advance in State and national reform. In 1847 he w as
elected President Judge of the Third Judicial District, and
occupied the bench for four years, earning the reputation,
among the members of the bar and the. people at large, of
being a wise and a just judge. In March, 1851, while he
was hearing a case in court, the firing of a cannon in the

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4 1 6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

streets of Akron announced that he had been elected by
the Legislature to a seat in the Senate of the United States,
lie had not sought for the position, and his friends had not
labored to secure it for him. The people had determined
that a man should be chosen who would fitly and ade-
quately represent them, and he was selected as that man.

I le entered the Senate, one of a very few who were opposed
to the aggressions of slavery, and he almost, more than any
other, caused his opposition to be felt find acknowledged,
lie showed himself brave against every influence and
against all odds, and distinctly announced that he came
there especially as the advocate of liberty against slavery.

I I is long career in the Senate was marked by indomitable
energy, unfailing courage, and a swiftness of thought and
purpose that enabled him to meet every emergency and
every form of opposition with wonderfully prompt effective-
ness. It was in the conflict with the slave power that his
most memorable acts were performed. He reported from
the Committee on Territories the first provision prohibiting
slavery in all the Territories of the United Stales to be
henceforth acquired, and he proposed in the Senate the
bill for negro suffrage in the District of Columbia. 1 1 is
brave and outspoken opposition to their claims won for him
the respect of the Southern leaders against whom he
arrayed himself, a respect which Toombs, of Georgia, ac-
knowledged, in plain terms, on the floor of the Senate. A
notable instance of his nerve and courage was afforded in
his dealing with one of the old time “ fire-eaters.” A short
time after he entered the Senate, a Southern member
grossly insulted a Senator from the North. After the Senate
adjourned Senator Wade took occasion to say, openly, that
if ever a Southern Senator made such an attack upon him
or Ohio, he would brand him as a liar. This came to the
ears of Southern men, and not long afterwards one of them
took occasion to speak very pointedly of the people of Ohio
as negro thieves. Senator Wade instantly sprang to his
feet and pronounced the Southern Senator a liar. There
was intense excitement, of course, and the hold Ohioan w as
called upon fora retraction or apology. In return, he de-
manded an apology for the insult that had been offered to
lumscH and his Stale. The next day he was called upon
by a representative of the Southerner, to ascertain whether
an apology or a fight w'ere more to the mind of the Ohio
Senator. The latter expressed his conviction that the
Southern Senator was “ a foul-mouthed old blackguard,”
and requested that the sentiment might be conveyed, in his
name, to the Senator aforesaid. This ended the whole
afl dr, and he was ever afterwards treated with politeness
and respect. It was near the close of the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress that he was elected President pro tempore of the Sen-
ate, at a time when it seemed possible and even probable
that his selection to that position would result in his eleva-
tion to the Presidential chair, by reason of Mr. Johnson’s
impeachment and removal. Mr, Johnson was not removed,
and the President of the Senate did nut become the Presi-

dent of the nation ; but the narrow escape of the one, and
the near approach of the other, constitute a remarkable and
memorable incident in the history of the country. He
retired from the Senate on the 4th of March, 1869, when
his successor, Allen G. Thurman, elected by a Democratic
Legislature, took his seat. Senator Wade has great force,
directness and effect as an orator, although he exhibits but
little oratorical polish. He is an original and powerful
thinker, and, notwithstanding the disadvantages of his
youth, he is possessed of a large fund of learning. His
manners are plain and unaffected, and his tastes are as
simple as in times long gone by. He was married, in
1840, to Caroline Rosecrantz, of Middletown, Connecticut.
His residence is in Jefferson, the seat of Ashtal ula county,
Ohio. He has two sons, one of whom is Major James II.
Wade, ol the 9th Regular Cavalry United States army.

ONES, JOHN PAUL, Editor and Proprietor of the
Potato B/iufe, was born in Youngstown, Ohio,
June 23d, 1839, descending from Scotch-Irish
ancestry. There he passed his childhood and his
school days, leaving the high school there in
1856. He was a bright scholar, fond of books,
but quite as fond of fun. lie studied well and attentively
in that school, the world, and as a boy was alert, observant
and inquiring, gaining a vast deal of practical information
where the ordinary boy would have seen no opportunity,
and exemplifying in a marked manner the sound sense of
the philosopher’s advice, to “go through life with your
eyes and ears open.” At the age of seventeen he set out
to seek his fortune, and Bfrided in Chicago in 1856, with
even a less foundation on which to build it than the tradi-
tional half-dollar of Robert Collyer, or the oft-heralded
impecuniosity of Horace Greeley. He began his business
career as messenger-boy and index-clerk in the office of the
old G. & C. U. Railroad, remaining with that company,
but constantly earning and receiving promotion, until i860.
Having by this lime attracted the attention of the officials
of other lines, who were not slow to recognize his unusual
business qualities, and were shrewd enough to argue the
possibilities of the man from the marked characteristics
of the boy, he found himself at liberty to make choice
among several desirable positions. lie became at this time
Cashier for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad
Company, and the subsequent history of the several lines
that then sought his services abundantly confirmed the
sagacity that guided his choice. After three years in this
position he was made Chief Clerk of the General freight
Department at Toledo. A year later he was elected Local
Treasurer of the company, and continued in that office
until the company removed its head-quarters to Chicago,
and Mr. Jones elected to engage in a different line of busi-
ness. When it became a matter of certainty that the general

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

4'7

offices of the Lake Shore Railroad would be transferred to
Chicago, Mr. Jones’ standing and popularity in Toledo
were at once demonstrated. Several leading citizens, un-
derstanding that this movement would probably lake Mr.
Jones to Chicago, approached him on the subject and in-
sisted on his remaining in Toledo. Mr. Jones’ own judg-
ment was not averse to their suggestions, provided the way
seemed open. Bending the consideration of this matter,
Mr. Jones met Mr. Locke socially, and a. one-half interest
in the Blade coming into the market about this time, the
result was that in 1867 Mr. Jones purchased one-fourth of
the Blade, Mr. Locke (Nasby) taking a one-fourth interest
at the same time. Mr. Jones became at once its business
manager, and by his financial ability and admirable execu-
tive talent added to its growth in assisting it to be one of
the most profitable newspaper enterprises in the West,
placing it in the front rank among the leading journals of
the United States. In 1872 he, with Mr. Locke, bought
the other half of the Blade, and in February, 1875, Mr.
Jones became its sole proprietor. Continuing, as he has
always done, to manage its affairs, he also controls and
directs its policy, and will undoubtedly make it, if he has
not already done so, one of the most powerful and far-
reaching political organs of the Northwest, lie is a clear
thinker, quick to apprehend, ready to take and strong to
hold a position, and possesses in an unusual degree the
ability to present briefly and tellingly the points which de-
termine his advocacy of a measure or his repudiation of a
policy. He is exceptionally correct in his intuitions, and
following, as he does, his convictions with perfect and
straightforward honesty, his success, accomplished or pros-
pective, is not problematical. Mr. Jones is a Republican,
from political convictions, cast his first vote for Lincoln,
and is one among the most active members of that party,
lie has never held public office, and has neither time nor
inclination therefor. He was at one lime a member of
Chicago Light Artillery, Company A. Mr. Jones married,
October 1st, 1863, Rosa Bell, of Rock Island, Illinois.

(f

%

\\ LOR, ALEXANDER D., was born in Hamp-
shire county, Virginia, November 1st, 1799,0111!
was taken in infancy to Belmont county, Ohio,
where he received a common school education,
and was married to Sarah Danner, March 10th,
1825. He farmed, manufactured brick, dealt in
real estate, and taught school, prior to his settlement on a
farm in Oxford township, Guernsey county, in 1832. Here
he served as Justice of the Peace for a number of years,
during which time he studied law and military tactics,
serving as Captain, Colonel, and afterwards as General of
Ohio militia, until the organization ceased, proving himself
a thorough tactician and first rate commander. lie was
admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State, and
53

practised his profession many years in the courts of eastern
Ohio, a portion of the time in partnership with the late
Benjamin S. Cowen, of St. Clairsville. Being an active
local politician, he was chosen as the nominee of the Whig
parly for State Senator in the days of its adversity in the
district, and made a good run. General Taylor tendered
his services to the country at the outbreak of the slave-
holders’ rebellion, proffering to take a position in the field,
but was dissuatled from doing so by Governor Dennison, in
a letter commending his spirit of patriotism, on account of
age and inactivity caused by corpulency. He died in Cam-
bridge, October 151I1, 1863, aged sixty-four years. Sarah
Taylor, his widow, survives in good health, residing in
Cambridge, aged seventy-three years. They reared and
educated "on the farm in Guernsey county the following
children : William l’enn, John Clarkson, Joseph Danner,
Alexander Addison, James Byron, George Kennon, Wilson
Shannon, Thomas Corwin, David Danner, and Sarah Eliza.
All these survive, except William, who died February
18th, 1870, aged forty-four years. Two daughters died in
youth. The surviving daughter is the wife of Rev. A. L.
Petty, of the Pittsburgh Conference, Methodist Episcopal
Church, and Presiding Elder of Cambridge district for four
years past. Several of the sons are elsewhere mentioned
in this work.

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Island.

OTTER, EZRA, Real Estate Dealer, was born in
Butler county, Ohio, on December 10th, 1810.
lie is of Welsh-Scotch descent, although his an-
cestors, on both his father’s and his mother’s side,
were, for generations, residents of New Jersey,
and were identified ^ it h the early history of Long
lie enjoyed in his youth the meagre educational
advantages to be obtained in the log school houses of the
pioneer settlement in which he was born, obtaining there
the mere rudiments of an English education, employing
thus the intervals when he could be spared from the work
of assisting his father to clear up the wilderness and prepare
the land for cultivation. When he was twenty-five years
old he embarked in business for himself, opening a general
country store in Butler county. He continued in this busi-
ness for eighteen years, achieving a fair success during that
time. 1 1 is health, however, was delicate, and the confine-
ment incident to mercantile business disagreed with him.
He gave up storekeeping, therefore, in 1856, removed to
Hamilton, and there engaged in the real estate business,
which has ever since continued to occupy him. He has
mixed but little in politics, but has been identified with all
measures, political or otherwise, which had for their purpose

the improvement of the city and the elevation of society.
He is a man of quiet, equable disposition, but possessing
great strength of character and unyielding integrity. His
business career has been one of quiet, steady success, and
his home is one of the most elegant and refined in the city.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OlbF.DIA.

4>S

lie- has been twice married. His first wife was Mary L.
Good, of Butler county, to whom lie was married in 1835.
She died in 1S4I, leaving two children. In 1844 he mar-
ried Catherine M. Miller, also of Butler county. Three
children have resulted front this union, two of whom still
survive.

IRBY, IION. J0SIA1I, Manufacturer and Inven-
tor of the first Bung-Making Machine, was born
ill Baltimore, Maryland, in 1816. With little
schooling and at an early age he was placed to
learn the carpenter’s trade. In 1837 he and his
father iv.ved to Cincinnati, and there, relinquish-
ing their original intention of settling in St. Louis, decided
to become permanent residents of the city. Here he con-
tinued to work at his trade until 1847, "'hen an incident
occurred which turned the work of his life into a new
channel. His attention was called to the necessity of a
machine for making bungs. Upon this long-felt need he
centred his thoughts, and before a year had elapsed his
idea was perfected and the desired machine completed. In
the following year he secured its protection under patent
rights. Before he was able to reap any permanent benefit
from his invention, however, his entire establishment was
consumed by fire. Leaving the scene of his misfortune,
north of the canal, he located his factory on Seventh street,
east of Sycamore street, and there at once applied himself
to the construction of a new machine. Without funds, and
hampered also by various debts, he was placed temporarily
in very embarrassing circumstances, and was compelled to
prosecute his labors at a great disadvantage. But knowing
the value of his invention, and placing unlimited faith in
the future realization of his hopes, he continued at his toil,
persistently and bravely. Becoming dissatisfied with his
first and second machines, he produced and patented others,
until he had obtained, in all, patents on nine or ten different
inventions — bung-making machines. In 1868 he manufac-
tured a machine which turned out one hundred bungs per
minute, and his most sanguine friends imagined that he
had reached the most ported result possible. In 1875 he
completed another whose productive capacity was over
thirty thousand perfect bungs per hour. May 31st, 1875,
several hundred gentlemen assembled to witness the work-
ing of this machine, among them many competent judges
of mechanical productions, and all testified in glowing
terms to its excellence and thoroughness. On this occasion
a generous banquet was provided at the expense of the in-
ventor, at which M. Halstead of the Cincinnati Commer-
cial, and several other well-known citizens, delivered con-
gratulatory speeches. This factory has been, for several
years, located on Lodge street, between Fifth and Sixth
streets, and has now in constant use five or six bung makers,
with saws, planing machines, and every mechanical inven-
tion designed to increase the value of time and labor. The

sales and business relations of this house are large and im-
portant, their trade connections extending like a network
over the entire Union and the Canadas, and existing even
in Europe. Since 1873 the establishment has been owned
and operated by a stock company, of which the original
head and founder is President and chief stockholder.
Probably no other manufacture has brought wealth to Cin-
cinnati from a larger area of the country than this, while,
with an extension of the patent, the inventor will certainly
acquire a very large fortune. Other bung-machines since
in use are merely modifications of his invention, and in
many points of inferior excellence. In addition to attend-
ing to his own private interests, he has been concerned in
a more or less intimate relation in many of the more im-
portant measures bearing upon the growth and advancement
of the city. He was one of the projectors of the Southern
Railroad, and for several years was President of the Board
of Trade Railroad Committee. To that body he subse-
quently submitted several important reports. He became
one of the originators of the Board of Trade, and in 1S70
was elected to occupy its presidential chair. He is now
one of its most active and valued members. For several
years he officiated as President of the Cincinnati, Rockport,
& Southwestern Railway Company. In 1863 he was
elected, on the Republican ticket, to the State Legislature,
and served through his term of two years with maiked
ability. He has also been mentioned recently in connection
wdth the Governorship of the State. Peculiarly the archi-
tect of his own fortune, he has deservedly acquired the
favorable reputation which, bringing him prominently before
the public, promises to place him in a high and honorable
position. The “ National Union Association,” an im-
portant war organization? came into being in his office, and
to his efforts and labors its successful existence is mainly
attributable. He was a member of ijs Executive Commit-
tee. It was officered by many of the leading citizens of
Cincinnati, and was composed of from four to five thousand
members, in Hamilton county, with branch organizations
throughout the State. Acting as the people’s medium in
contributing toward defraying election expenses, and aiding
in every way the cause of the Union, it was free from any
aspect of secrecy or taint of nativism, aiming only to sup-
port and defend the principles and measures of the Federal
government. One of the leading sentiments of the Asso-
ciation was: “ Forgetting all past political differences, and
placing the salvation of the Union above all party or other
predilections, we are for the maintenance of the Federal
government against all enemies at home or abroad.”
Through this organization, and the zealous and efficient part
he took in its action, he first came into political prominence.
It remained intact until the close of the war, when the few
hundred dollars still remaining in its treasury were given
to one of the charitable institutions of the city. Wholly
without personal political aspirations, he yet takes an ear-
nest interest in the important movements of the day, and is

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BIOGR APIIIC'AI. F.NCYCl.OP.F.DIA.

419

untiring in his exertions to seeure for the local and general
governments [lie services of tliose best qualified to fill the
various offices. He was married in 1837 to Miss llargy,
of Cincinnati, Ohio.

"^OI.ENSIIADE, JAMES C. C., Merchant and
Manufacturer, was born on May 12th, 1828, in
Cincinnati, Ohio. lie was. of Scolch-Irish
descent on both sides of his family, although his
father was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and his
mother at Marysville, Kentucky. 1 1 is father was
an invalid, and the son was ambitious to render himself
independent of parental support at the earliest possible
moment. When he was only seven years of age he began
to work for his own livelihood. It may read i ly be supposed,
therefore, that his educational advantages, during his earlier
years, at least, were of the most limited description. But
though he gained but a meagre supply of knowledge from
books, he put himself, thus early, in the way of acquiring a
practical knowledge which was to stand him in better stead,
later in life, than any amount of mere book-learning could
possibly have done. When he was seven years old, he
went to work as a breaker of type in the Cincinnati Type
Foundry of Wilson, Guilford & Co. .Here he worked
through years of patient industry, graduating in every
department of the establishment. Then — for it was the

most natural thing in the world to step from the making
of types to the using thereof — he went to work in the
printing oflice of Brooks & Co. Here he remained until
he had mastered the details of the business, and then, still
following the natural sequence of industrial progress, he
entered the book-binding establishment of Cropper & Co.
He remained in this business long enough to fit himself for
the performance of all the duties of every department.
Notwithstanding the fact that he had no school opportuni-
ties up to this time, or perhaps in consequence of that fact,
his love and respect for books were intense, and his present
occupation served to increase them. The opportunity to
develop and gratify his literary taste was what he earnestly
desired. Therefore, on leaving the bookbindery, he sought
and obtained employment in the book-store of J. C. 8: W.
P. Jones. Here he not only gratified the desire so long
felt, but also acquired a thorough knowledge of practical
business details. lie was prepossessing in manner, and his
rare business capacity was manifest to all, and these quali-
ties, attracting, as they did, the attention of many, led to
his engagement, at a lucrative salary, with one of the lead-
ing merchants of the city. For several years after this he
was employed in the dry-goods house of John M. Brad-
street, and was subsequently engaged in the queensware
business with William Lillev, and in both places he won
the high regard of employers and patrons. Still entertain-
ing his literary ambition, and having in view a professional
life, he took up a systematic course of study, and by dint

of untiring application, he passed through the course at
Woodward High School, Cincinnati, and was rapidly ad-
vancing still farther, when failing health compelled him,
for the time at least, to give up the severe strain of so much
mental labor, and to relinquish his cherished project of
professional life. With a view to giving a full share of
work to his body as well as his mind, he next took employ-
ment in the moulding department of William, Resor & Co.’s
foundry, in Cincinnati. He possessed great mechanical
and inventive genius, and very soon developed rare me-
chanical skill, and these qualities were speedily recognized,
and won for him rapid promotion. He possessed strong
and marked personal characteristics, and these gave him a
high degree of influence among tliose with whom he was
thrown in contact. During the remarkable strike of the
workmen in the stove manufactories of Cincinnati, in 1848,
this influence was shown to be extraordinary, and directed
by his cool judgment and his clear perceptions, it enabled
him to prevent many an act of hostility and violence, lie
could not bring himself to remain idle, during the strike or
at any other time, so he became salesman for Buss & Shep-
hard, on Fifth street. He had long since determined to go
into business on his own account, and therefore he re-
mained but a short time with this firm, notwithstanding
their tempting offer of fifty per cent, of the profits of a
branch establishment, on condition that lie would manage
it. His sympathy with the striking mechanics was very
great, and he became their active and zealous advocate.
The workmen, on their part, chose him, a skilled mechanic,
a promising merchant, and a man of rare and valuable
personal qualities, for their fitting champion. His interest
in the workingmen's movement, and his purpose to estab-
lish himself in business in \onte other capacity than that
of employe, led him to develop a plan, striking in its bold-
ness and comprehensiveness. In pursuance of this plan,
he organized a corporation, the stock of which was to be
paid in labor. This work he began and prosecuted on his
own personal resources and credit, and the result of his
exertions was the erection and the successful operation of
tli ■ Moulders’ Union Foundry, at California, Ohio, eight
miles above Cincinnati. When the success of this enter-
prise had become fully assured, he resigned his position as
President and Manager of the association, and engaged in
the hardware business in Cincinnati. In this he continued
for several years, and achieved great success in it. When
the Ohio 8: Mississippi Railroad was being built, he com-
peted with the Eastern establishments for the supply of
bolts, etc., needed in the work. He was awarded a heavy
contract, to be fulfilled in thirty days, and, although he had
no factory of his own, he was so energetic and enterprising
that his full supply of material was forthcoming one day
before the time stipulated. This success led to the organ-
ization of the firm of Ilolenshade 8: Brother, who owned
and operated the Great Western Bolt Works, of Cincinnati,
for a term of several years, during which their success was

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

great and uninterru|)ted. In 1 860, although only thirty-two
years of age, he retired from active business life, and de-
voted himself to the culture and improvement of his fruit
farm on Colcrain turnpike, about six miles from Cincinnati.
The breaking out of the war, however, recalled him to the
held of active business enterprise. When the first call for
army wagons was made, in May, 1861, he determined to
secure to his native city the advantages to be derived from
meeting that call. He was not in (he wagon-making busi-
ness, but with the versatility that characterized him, he went
into it, and bid for and secured the contract for supplying
the needed wagons. Soon he was at the head of an estab-
lishment employing from 300 to 600 men, and so great was
his executive ability that he reduced his organization to a
working system which enabled him to turn out a perfect
wagon every thirty minutes. Throughout the war, aided
by his personal inlluence in the departments at Washington,
he managed to retain at Cincinnati the depot of supplies for
the armies of the West and Southwest. His fitness to meet
and master emergencies was well illustrated by his construc-
tion of the celebrated pontoon train, consisting of 160 large
wagons, So boats, and all the needed equipments therefor.
This great achievement was accomplished and the entire
train in readiness for the army within eleven days after the
order was given, just following the battle of Stone River.
1 1 is inventive genius was no less than his executive ability,
and it found filling acknowledgment in the reports of
Admiral Dahlgren and General Ripley, regarding his Cin-
cinnati breech-loading cannon. As an employer he always
possessed in an eminent degree the affection and regard of
his workmen, the result of his warm and active sympathy
with all their efforts; and more than one beautiful and sub-
stantial token, presented by those in his employ, test i fy to
the appreciation with which they regarded him. In the
midst of all Lis multifarious activities he was an earnest and
consistent Christian. Prom early youth he was a member,
and at the time of his death a Ruling Elder of the Presby-
terian Church. For nearly a score of years he was the
devoted Superintendent of the Sabbath-school of his church,
and was active and prominent in promoting all the benevo-
lent works of the church, besides giving 1 1 is inlluence to the
advancement of all societies having a beneficial and benevo-
lent purpose. In the orders of Masonry and Odd Fellow-
ship he was specially prominent and active. His philan-
thropy no less than his patriotism led him during the war to
make an offer which was as characteristic as it was practical,
lie proposed to serve as Treasurer of Hamilton county for
two years, and to devote the entire proceeds of the office —
approximating $30,000 per annum— to the benefit of the
families of the soldiers in the field. His munificent offer
was declined by his party, and his liberality found other
modes of expression, lie gave freely of money, lime, and
personal effort, lie was one of the most active managers
of the great Sanitary Fair of Cincinnati, having charge of a
department which netted to the Sanitary Commission

$61,626.33. He was exempted, by reason of physical disa-
bilities, from military service ; but though not liable to the
draft, he furnished not less than four substitutes to the army.
For seven years he was an active member of the Gineinnali
Fire Department, and did much to bring it to its present
high standard. His family residence stands on College
Hill, where he did much by his energy and liberality to
promote the cause of education. He was the founder and
one of the most active promoters of the Ohio Female Col-
lege there. When the college building was destroyed by
fire he at once undertook its reconstruction, furnishing the
means and superintending the work. The new edifice-
much superior to the old — was ready for occupancy in a
surprisingly short time, and the educational work of the in-
stitution was not seriously checked. As funds to reimburse
him for his advances — although he generously tendered
about twenty-five per cent, of the outlay as a gift to the col-
lege if the remainder should be raised — were not provided,
he ultimately became the owner of the property, and con-
ducted the college as a private affair. The reverses of the
panic, united to differences with some of his teachers,
tended to diminish the patronage of the college, and an
offer to convert the building into a sanitarium for the treat-
ment of nervous disorders was accepted in the winter of
1S73. It will thus.be seen that he was especially interested
in the cause of female education; indeed, for over sixteen
years he made it his life-work. About this time his health
began to fail, and from May 1st, 1875, until his death on
January 9th, 1876, he was a constant sufferer, requiring
watchers at night. He was upheld through all his suffering
by his firm faith, which, producing patience and even cheer-
fulness, rendered his sick chamber a place full of instruction
and inspiration to his family'and friends. Ilis life was ait
eminently active one. It is full of encouragement to those
who are hemmed about by adverse circumstances; but per-
haps the most valuable lesson it leaches is that the best
success is only attained by doing everything thoroughly,
from the first step to the last.

p) s

>WURN1'T’ JUI)GE JACO[i. I-1- D., was the son of
(d )'| A Dr. William Burnet the elder, of Newark, New
/a Jlp Jersey, and the grandson of Dr. Ichabod Burnet,
jf Q a native of Scotland, who was educated at Edin-
qJI) burgh, removed to America soon after his educa-
tion was finished, and settled at Elizabethtown,
New Jersey, where he practised his profession with great
success as a physician and surgeon until his death, in 1773,
at the advanced age of eighty. Dr. William Burnet was
born in 1730, educated at Nassau Hall during the Presi-
dency of the Rev. Aaron Burr, and graduated in 1739,
before that institution was removed to Princeton. lie
studied medicine under Dr. Staals, of New York, and prac-
tised it with success until the difficulties with the mother

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

421

country became alarmingly serious, when he took an active
ami leading part in resisting the encroachments of the Brit-
ish government, lie was a member of the Newark Com-
mittee of Safety, composed of himself, Judge J. lleddcn,
and Major S. Hays, until, in 1776, he was elected a member
of the Continental Congress, lie resigned that position to
accept an appointment as Surgeon-General of the Eastern
Division of the American army, which position he filled
with distinction until the close of the war. Dr. Burnet died
in 1791, in the sixty-first year of his age. Jacob Burnet,
his sixth son, was born in Newark, New Jersey, February
22cl, 1 770, was educated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, under
the Presidency of Dr. Witherspoon, and graduated with
honor, in September, 179 1. He remained there a year as
a resident graduate, and then entered the office of Judge
Boudinot, of Newark, as a student of law, and under that
distinguished lawyer laid the foundation for his future at-
tainments in his profession. He was admitted to the bar
by the Supreme Court of the State in the spring of 1796,
and proceeded at once to Cincinnati, in the neighborhood
of which his father had made considerable investments.
At that time Cincinnati was a small village of log cabins,
including about fifteen rough, unfinished frame houses with
stone chimneys. There was not a brick house in it, and
only about 1 50 inhabitants, and the entire white population
of the Northwestern Territory was estimated at about
15,000 souls. In 1798 it was ascertained that the Territory
contained 5000 white male inhabitants, and was entitled to
enter upon the second grade of Territorial Government
provided for under the ordinance of 17S7. This provided
for a General Assembly, consisting of representatives elected
by the citizens of the Territory, and a Legislative Council
of five persons, nominated by lire lower House and ap-
pointed by the President by and with the advice and consent
of the United States Senate. Judge Burnet was appointed
by President John Adams a member of the first Legislative
Council, together with James Findlay, Henry Vanderburgh,
Robert Oliver, and David Vance, lie remained a member
of this body until the organization of the State government
in 1S02 5. 1 he practice of his profession, which obliged

him to travel over the whole settled portion of the Territory
as far as Detroit, in Michigan, on the north, and Vincennes,
in Indiana, enabled him to become acquainted with the
Territory and the people by personal observation, and in the
Legislative Council he was able to use the information thus
acquired to good purpose in shaping legislation to meet the
wants of the rapidly growing population of the Territory,
and was himself the author of most of the important meas-
ures adopted by the Legislature. When it was proposed to
go into a State government, Judge Burnet believed the step
premature and opposed the action, and when the Stale was
formed he retired from active participation in politics and
devoted himself to the practice of his profession. 1 1 is
talents, ripe scholarship, and brilliancy as an advocate
secured for him from the first an extensive and lucrative

practice, and enabled him to assume and maintain the fore-
most position at the bar, until, in 1817, he retired from the
practice of the law. In the year 1821 he was persuaded to
accept an appointment by the Governor to the bench of the
Supreme Court of the State, and was subsequently elected
by the Legislature to the same place. In 1828 he resigned
his position on the bench and was elected to the United
States Senate to fill a vacancy occasioned by the retirement
of General William II. Harrison, and accepted the position
on the condition that he should not be considered a candi-
date for re-election, but on the expiration of his term be
permitted to carry out his long-cherished purpose of retiring
to private life. 1 1 is term expired in 1833, and from that
time until his death, in 1853, at the advanced age of eighty-
three years, he took no further active part in public affairs.
As a lawyer and legislator Judge Burnet was without doubt
the most influential and prominent person in the section of
country he represented and with which his interests were
identified. Educated amid the stirring scenes of the Revo-
lution, and the scarcely less stirring scenes connected with
the discussion and adoption of the Federal Constitution;
brought into association with Washington and Hamilton
and other leaders of the struggle for independence, through
his father’s intimacy with and friendship for them ; with
great natural ability united to thorough scholarship, and
having with it all strong and decided convictions and great
energy and persistence in enforcing them, he was eminently
qualified to take the leading pari he did in developing the
resources of the great Northwestern Territory and in shaping
its institutions. As a lawyer he was the acknowledged
leader of the bar in the West. Within the period of twenty
years — which was about tln^ extent of his practice at the bar
— few men have been engaged in more important causes or
with more uniform success. Ilis fame as an advocate was
coextensive w ith the West, and the story of his forensic
efforts is perpetuated in the traditions of his profession.
About the time, also, of his appointment to the Supreme
Bench of Ohio, he was elected to fill the Professorship of
Law in the University of Lexington, Yiiginia, and received
from that institution the honorary degree of Doctor of
Laws, an honor subsequently conferred upon him, also, by
his own A!>na Muter, Nassau Hall. It has already been
stated that while in the Territorial Legislature Judge
Burnet was the author of most of the necessary legislation.
During the session of 1799 al°ne he prepared and reported
the following bills : “To regulate the admission and prac-
tice of attorneys-at-law,” “ to confirm anil give force to
certain laws enacted by the Governor and Judges,” a bill
making promissory notes negotiable, a bill to authorize and
regulate arbitrations, a bill to regulate the service and re-
turn of process in certain cases, a bill establishing courts for
the trial of small causes, a bill to prevent trespassing by
cutting of timber, a bill providing for the appointment of
constables, a bill defining privileges in certain cases, a bill
to prevent the introduction of spirituous liquors into certain

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4)22 ,

l’.IOGRArillCAL KNCVCI.Ol’.l'.DIA.

Indian towns, a bill fur the appointment of general officers
in the militia of the Territory, a hill to revise the laws
adopted or made by the Governors and Judges, a bill lor
the relief of the poor, a lull repealing certain laws or parts
ol laws, and a hill I’m the punishment ol arson, lie was
also appointed to prepare and report rules for conducting
the business of the Legislative Council, and an answer to
the Governor’s address to the two houses at the opening of
the session. Also to draft a memorial to Congress in be-
half of purchasers of land in the Miami country, and a
complimentary address to the President of the United Stales.
After the formation of the State government he succeeded,
by his researches into the laws of Virginia and his lucid
demonstration of the same, in settling in favor of the State
of Ohio the right which Kentucky controverted of arresting
criminals on the river between the two Stales. Under the
system established for the sale of the public domain by the
law of 1S00 and acts supplementary thereto, an immense
debt was contracted and became due to the government of
the United States from the people of the West, exceeding
the entire amount of money in circulation in the West.
The debt had been accumulating for twenty years, and was
swelling daily with increasing rapidity. The lust emi-
grants to the West, and the greater part of those who fol-
lowed them from time to time, were compelled by necessity
to purchase on credit, exhausting their means to the last
dollar in raising the first payment on their entries. The
debt due the government in 1S20 at the different ’Western
land offices amounted to £22,000,000, an amount far ex-
ceeding the ability of the debtors to pay. Thousands of
industrious men, some of whom had paid one, some two,
and some three instalments on their lands, and had toiled
day and night in clearing, enclosing, and improving them,
became convinced that they would lie forfeited and their
money and labor lost. This appalling prospect spread a
deep gloom over the community, and it was evident that if
the government attempted to enforce its claims universal
bankruptcy would ensue. Serious fears were fell that any
attempt on the part of the government to enforce its claim
would meet with resistance, and probably result in civil
war. Judge Unmet, at this crisis of affairs, gave the matter
his most earnest attention, with a view of devising a plan
of relief, and was able to mature and propose a plan which
met the approval of all the sufferers, and so commended
itself to Congress and the government that it was speedily
adopted. The evils threatened were tints averted, and the
prosperity and rapid settlement of the county greatly pro-
moted. Judge Lumet recognized at a very early period
the importance to the trade and commerce of the West of
the unobstructed navigation of the Ohio river, and espe-
cially the importance to the trade of the tipper Ohio of
removing the obstruction caused by the falls in the river at
Louisville, lie was one of the first to advocate the con-
struction of u canal around the falls, and was appointed by
the Stale of Indiana one of several commissioners for cany

I ing out this project, in which he took a warm and active
part. Considerable progress was made in the work when
tlie rival project of a canal on the Kentucky shore was
started, which met with mm 1: general favor. This caused
the abandonment ol t he Indiana canal, and the canal on the
Kentucky shore was constructed, thus removing one of the
most serious obstructions to tire navigation of lire upper
Ohio, 'lire construction of a canal from the Oh io river, at
Cincinnati, to Lake Trie, at Toledo, Ohio — thus affording
water communication between the commerce of the lakes
and the Ohio and Mississippi valleys — was another matter
that enlisted the warmest support of Judge Burnet. Under
an Act of Congress, making a large grant of public land in
aid of this project, considerable progress was made in the
work, when it was found that certain conditions and re-
strictions in the original grant were such as to greatly
embarrass, if not to defeat, the completion of the work,
which greatly languished and was about to be abandoned.
Judge Burnet, on taking his place in the Senate, secured
the appointment of a committee of the Senate to take into
consideration the modification of the original grant so us to
remove its objectionable features, and appearing before the
committee in behalf ol the measure. 1 1 is representations
were so effective that he was requested by the committee to
draw up a report embodying the principal facts in support
of the claim, and also a trill to carry it into effect. The
committee presented the report and hill, with a recommend-
ation that it should pass. It did pass both houses and
became a law during the session, and without doubt secured
the completion of the canal. In the Senate he was the
friend and associate of Adams, Clay, and Webster, and was
especially the friend and admirer of the latter, with whom
lie occupied a desk in the Sbnate chamber. When General
II nynes of South Carolina made his celebrated speech on
nullification, which elicited Mr. Webster's more celebrated
reply, Mr. Webster was absent from the Senate, and it was
remarked that in bis reply be answered General Haynes’
points seriatim, as if lie had been present and heard them.
Judge Burnet, who heard Haynes’ speech, took full notes
of it and gave them to Mr. Webster, who was thus prepared
to make 1 1 is reply as if personally present. No one was
more delighted with Mr. Webster’s unanswerable rejoinder
Ilian Judge Burnet, who had thus assisted to call it forth.
With the close of Judge Burnet’s term in the Senate his
public career ended. In full vigor of mind and body, with
brilliant prospects of political preferment before him if he
would but seek it, lie chose rather to spend the remainder
of Iris days as a private citizen, lie was not ambitious of
place; he was driven to accept office from a sense of duly,
and not by ambition. As soon as the duty was discharged
lie returned to private life. In the year 1S37, at the request
of a friend, he wrote a series of letters detailing at some
length such facts and incidents relating to the early settle-
ment of the Northwestern Teiritury its were within his
recollection and were considered worth preserving. These

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/liDIA.

423

letters were laid before the Historical Society of Ohio, and
ordered to he printed among the transactions of that institu-
tion. A few years later, at the solicitation of many personal
friends, he revised and enlarged these letters and put them
in a form more convenient lor publication, and in 1847
published his “Notes on the Northwestern Territory,”
which is a very valuable contribution to the history of this
region. Judge Burnet was married on the second day ol
January, 1800, at Marietta, Ohio, to Rebecca Wallace,
daughter of the Rev. Matthew Wallace, a Presbyterian
clergyman, with whom he lived in wedlock hfty-three years,
and who outlived him fourteen years. By her he had
eleven children, live of whom arrived at maturity and sur-
vived him at his death. In appearance Judge Burnet was
rather above medium height, erect in form, with animated
countenance and piercing eyes. II is manners were digni-
fied and courteous to all. Reared in the school of Wash-
ington and Hamilton, he had the manners of that age. 1 1 is
colloquial powers were uncommonly tine, lie expressed
himself in ordinary conversation with the precision, energy,
and polish of an accomplished orator. His opinions were
clear, sharply defined, and held with great tenacity. Ills
friendships were ardent and lasting. Time or outward
changes made with him no dilierence. He who once won
his friendship, unless proved to be unworthy, enjoyed it for
life. It is related of him that when Aaron Burr was in
Cincinnati seeking to enlist in his treasonable designs as
many prominent persons as possible, he sought an interview
with Judge Burnet, who, although unaware of Burr’s de-
signs, yet peremptorily refused to receive him, giving as his
reason that he would never shake the hand of the murderer
of Hamilton, his father’s friend and his own. In morality
and integrity he was above suspicion both in his public
career and in private life. He was a firm believer in the
truth of Christianity and the inspiration of the Bible ; and
although a Presbyterian both from conviction and prefer-
ence, he was far removed from anything like sectarian
bigotry. Ministers of all denominations were at all times
welcome and honored guests in his house. On the loth
of May, 1 1x53, 111 his eighty-fourth year, with his mind still
vigorous, his memory still unimpaired, and his bodily vigor
such as to give promise of still more advanced old age, he
died at his home in Cincinnati, of acute disease, after a
comparatively short illness.

f

Y, JAMES SYKES, M. I)., Physician, Surgeon,
Druggist, was born near Darlington, Hartford
county, Maryland, August 22<1, 1832. His par-
ents, Jacob Ely and Sarah (Brown) Ely, were
members of the Society of Friends. His paternal
ancestors came from England to America in the
year of the foundation by William Penn of the eily of Phil
adelphia, and under the auspices of that famous Quaker.

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lie moved with his parents to Ohio when three months of
age, settling in Morristown, Belmont county. His early
education, necessarily limited in degree and kind, was ob-
tained in a common school and in a seminary which had a
brief existence in the village of Lloydsville. After tbc age
of twelve years lus studies were pursued with ardent perse-
verance at home, but without the aid of a preceptor. While
in his seventeenth year he began the study of medicine
under the supervision of Dr. C. Schooley, then of Martin’s
Ferry, Belmont county, Ohio, and finished the standard
course, as it was constituted at the time, in three years.
Deterred by his extreme yuiu l h ful ness from entering at once
and actively 011 the practice of his profession, he assumed
the role of educator temporarily, and found employment in
teaching until 1S56. He then began the practice of medi-
cine in Some) ton, Belmont county, Ohio, and in the early
part of the year 1862 attended lectures at the Medical Col-
lege of Ohio, in Cincinnati, graduating in the following
June. Upon a call being made for surgeons, for service in
the Union army of volunteers, he attended an examination
held in Columbus, Ohio, and was commissioned Assistant
Surgeon of the 126th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, No-
vember 1 Sth , 1S62. He joined the regiment at Cumber-
land, Maryland. June 14th, 1863, when that force was
driven out of Martinshurg, Virginia, he volunteered to
remain with the wounded Union soldiers, and consequently
fell into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was paroled
and kindly treated. About the 121I1 of the succeeding
August lie rejoined his regiment at New York city. While
at Martinshurg two corps of Lee’s army passed through the
place en route to Gettysburg, and he then counted 256
pieces of artillery in their train. On their return he “ had
the pleasure of hearing Lee’? troops d — n him for the de-
feat.” Following the fortunes of the regiment, he received
a commission as Surgeon, February 8th, 1864. In the
ensuing March he passed the examination of 1 lie United
States Board of Examiners, at Washington, District of
Columbia, and was commissioned Assistant Surgeon of
United States Volunteers by the President, April 2lst, 1864.
The eve of the inauguration of the Wilderness campaign
being at hand, he resolved to hold this commission and
remain with the regiment. He was subsequently assigned
to the operating stafl of his brigade, and there found inces-
sant, trying, and exhaustive work. Upon the arrival of the
army at Cold Harbor he .reported to the head-quarters of
the Army of the Potomac, and was assigned to duty with
the depot held hospitals at White House, Virginia. In the
latter part of June, 1864, these hospitals were removed to
City Point, Virginia. He was there on duty for a time with
the Cth Army Corps Hospital, and also with the 51I1 Army
Corps Hospital. On December 22d, 1864, he was placed
in charge of Cavalry Corps Hospital, principally, however,
for the purpose of accomplishing its reorganization. Early
in |aiiiiary, 18(13, he was placed in charge of the Depot
Field 11 ospilal of the bill Army Corps, and retained that

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ISIOG KAPIIICAL ENCYCLOF/EDIA.

424 _

position until after l.ee’s surrender ami all the hospitals at
the place were broken up. May 26th, 1865, having re-
mained until the last moment, he transferred all the remain-
ing hospital inmates aboard the hospital steamer “ Connccl-
ieul,” in charge of J. li. Hood, Surgeon of United Stales
Volunteers, for transit to Washington city. After turning
in all medical ami hospital supplies, he was ordered to duty
at the Camp Dennison Hospital, June, 1865, under Dr.
McDermot, Surgeon of United States Volunteers. On the
following August 12th lie was ordered to take charge of the
City General Hospital at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he
was eventually mustered out, leaving the service October
l6lh, 1865. lie then returned to his home, and November
71I1 ol the same year moved to Bartlesville, Belmont county,
Ohio, where he has since permanently resided, engaged in
the control of a prosperous drug trade. After reaching
home he received a brevet promotion from the United
States. In 1S6S he was appointed United States Examin-
ing Surgeon for Pensions. His first votes were cast in
favor of the “ Free-Soil ” party, and since the rise of the
Republican party lie has uniformly given it a warm and
earnest support, and used his best endeavors to contribute
to its success.

'l'EWART, HENRY C., Proprietor of the Empire
Bakeiy, Cincinnati, was born October 3d, 183S,
at the village of Mount Washington, Hamilton
county, Ohio. On the paternal side he is of
Scotch extraction. He worked at farming until
he was sixteen years of age, attending the district
school during the winter months. He then entered a
country store as clerk, where he remained two years, in the
meantime devoting his leisure hours to the study of book-
keeping, and was quite a proficient when his engagement
ceased at this store, having also gained a general knowledge
of business. He subsequently found employment as a
bookkeeper and salesman in a lumber establishment, where
lie gave entire satisfaction to the proprietor during the year
of his service. At the expiration of his engagement there,
it now being the autumn of 1S59, he made a trip South
with a flat-boat laden with produce, and returned in July,
1S60. In September of the same year he commenced
making preparations for a second trip, and started in
November and returned in April, 1861, this venture also
proving a successful one. On his return home he was
elected to the clerkship of Spencer township, on the Demo-
cratic ticket, and served in that position with satisfaction
until the following September, when he resigned and
enlisted as a private soldier in the 48th Ohio Regiment of
Infantry, and soon after— on account of his superior quali-
fication for the position — was made a Quartermaster Ser-
geant, which office he held until January, 1863, when by a
special order, at his own request, he received a discharge
and returned to Cincinnati, where he remained until March.

He then proceeded to I.agrange, Tennessee, to accept a
position in the Quartermaster’s Department as clerk, again
returning to Cincinnati in the following November, and
again entered the Quartermaster’s Department as Auditing
Clerk, under Captain D. W. McClellung, which position he
held for two and a half years, or until three months after
the close of the war, his services being highly appreciated
during the whole period. O11 returning to private life he
accepted a position as bookkeeper in a wholesale mercan-
tile house on West Front street, where he remained until
August, 1870, at which time he purchased a furniture
factory north of the canal, and commenced the manufacture
of bedsteads. The business, however, did not prove re-
munerative, and he disposed of the establishment in 1872,
and sulrsequently opened a flour store at No. 33 Vine
street, under the firm-name of II. C. Stewart & Co., and
shortly after the house went into operation he established a
bakery at 344 West Sixth street. This latter business soon
grew to such proportions as to oblige him to close Ins busi-
ness on Vine street and devote his whole time to the bakery.
He accordingly disposed of his interest in the flour store,
and has since given all his energy and attention to his last
venture. It was not long, however, before his increasing
business demanded more commodious quarters. He accord-
ingly removed to the large store and bakery in the Murch
block, on Sixth street near Central avenue, known as
March’s Arcade. After two years, again finding the prem-
ises too restricted for the business, he was obliged to seek a
larger building, and finally secured the commodious struc-
ture Nos. 336 to 342 West Sixth street, between Smith and
Mound, formerly known as the Central Market. Here he
has fitted up the largest and most complete establishment of
its kind in the West. He is a thorough business man,
affable, polite, and courteous to all. Ilis success furnishes
evidence that by industry, energy, and perseverance, with
correct principles and integrity of character, a man can
raise himself to the highest standing among the business
men of a great city, lie was married June 22d, 1864, to
Irene Roll, of Cincinnati, and is the father of four children,
three daughters and one son.

(3^1

.qf&NDREWS, COLONEL LORIN, ex-President of
QJlM Kenyon College, was born in Ashland county,
Ohio, April 1st, 1819. His early life was passed
on his father’s farm, and in obtaining a good
g) q <j common school education. He afterwards took
a collegiate course, and spent some time in com-
mon school teaching. He became warmly interested in the
improvement of the common schools. He was a prominent
member ami officer of the Ohio Teachers’ Association ; in
1S53 its choice for State School Commissioner, and in 1854
its President. At the height of his influence and labors he
was chosen President of Kenyon College, and, as was said

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

425

I>y Bishop Mcllvaine in his funeral sermon, “all the
highest expectations of his administration were more than
fulfilled. ” In April, 18G1, when President Lincoln made
his call for troops, his was the lust name received by Gov-
ernor Dennison, lie was commissioned Colonel of the
41 1 1 Ohio Infantry, enlisted for three months. When this
organization was changed to one calling for three years’ ser-
vice, he was retained in the same command. lie fell a
victim to the exposure incident to camp life while stationed
in West Virginia. 1 1 is death occurred at Gauthier, Ohio,
whither he had gone to he cared for, September iSth, 1S61.
He was a patriot of the purest t)'Pe> and one of the earliest
and costliest offerings of Ohio to the cause of the Union.

EITZEL, COLONEL LEWIS, Collector of In-
ternal Revenue, First District of Ohio, was horn
in Cincinnati, August 20th, 1837. lie received
his education in the common schools of that city,
and afterwards served an apprenticeship to the
trade of brass. After finishing his trade he went
to New Orleans, and remained in the Southwest until the
breaking out of the war. Returning home, he enlisted as a
private in the 2S1I1 Ohio Infantry. He rose from the ranks
to a First Lieutenancy, and then resigned his commission to
return home to attend to some interests demanding his at-
tention. lie re-entered the army as a Captain and Aide-de-
Cump on General Butler’s staff, being afterwards transferred
to the 25th Corps, commanded by his brother, General God
fiey Weilzel. After the fall of Richmond he accompanied
his brother’s command to Texas, and was mustered out of
the service in March, 1866. A month later he entered the
revenue service in a subordinate capacity, and ‘in April, 1S69,
he was appointed Collector. When the consolidation of the
districts took place he was made an Assessor, but was even-
tually again appointed Collector.

V iju faring, brigadier general benja-

(>rJL MIN DANA, Merchant, was born in Ilarmar,
Jn Washington county, Ohio, October loth, 1S37.

.) 1 1 is paternal grandfather, Hon. Paul Fearing,

<^y> moved to the West with the first colony of the
Ohio Company, and at the first court organized in
the Northwestern Territory, held in the block-house at Cam-
pus Martins, now Marietta, Ohio, in 1788, was admitted an
attorney, and was the pioneer lawyer of the Territory. In
1797, in Cincinnati, he was appointed Judge. He also was
the first delegate from the Northwest Territory, then em-
bracing the whole of the United States possessions west
and north of the Ohio river, to the national Congress.
Through his maternal grandfather, Benjamin I tana, also a
member of the Ohio Company, and one of the colony which
54

founded Marietta, General Fearing is the lineal descendant
of the fourth generation from General Israel Putnam. His
youth was spent in his native place, chielly in attendance at
various schools, and in 1856 he graduated from Marietta
College. The following two years he passed in the whole-
sale book and publishing house of Moon, Wilstach & Kay,
Cincinnati, and the succeeding three years in the wholesale
house of Shalfer 81 Roberts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
While on a visit to Cincinnati in 1861 he received there-the
news of the firing upon Foil Sumter. Two days later he
enlisted in the Zouave Guard, which immediately upon its
organization set out for Washington, District of Columbia.
At the subsequent organization of regiments at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, the Guard became Company D of the 2d
Regiment 'of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he pro-
ceeded to the imperilled capital, and thence to Virginia
under the command of General Schenck. On the march,
attending the battle of Bull Run, in which his company par-
ticipated from the opening to the close, he received his first
promotion, being made Fourth Corporal. After the battle
he was offered, at Washington, by the Representatives in
Congress from his district, the Adjutancy of the 36th Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and again had it urged upon
his acceptance at Columbus, Ohio. On both occasions the
offer met with a refusal, as it was his intention to enter a
regiment then in course of formation in the Quaker City.
While with the Zouave company he was under the tuition
of a French drill-master, and one of Ellsworth’s best drill-
sergeants, then an officer in the guard, lie also had the ad-
vantage of the instruction given the regiment by Colonel
Alexander McCook, and, as he purposed serving until the
termination of the contest, he spent every available moment
in study and practice, and los> no opportunity to gain infor-
mation that could be of service in the eventful future. On
the day of his discharge from the army, .at the request of
Lieutenant-Colonel Clark and Major Andrew, he entered
the camp of the 36th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
to assist in the instruction and organization of this body.
At their urgent request, he accompanied those troops to
West Virginia, on a sudden call to the field, serving in the
double capacity of zVcting Adjutant-General to General
Slemmer — then in command of an important expedition —
and Adjutant to Major Andrew, then in command of the
forces. While in that service he received the appointment
of First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 63d Regiment Ohio
Volunteer Infantry. Winning the esteem of General Slem-
mer by his zeal and ability, he was recommended by this
officer to the Governor of Ohio for appointment to the
Colonelcy of the 36th Regiment. Major Andrew, who had
left the regiment in order to bear the recommendation to
the Governor, nret at Rosecrans' head-quarters Captain
George Crook, of the 4th Regulars, the possessor, in propria
persona, of the commission applied for. He then served
through an important period as Crook’s Adjutant, and re-
ceived an appointment as Major, with oiders to report to

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426

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

Colonel Hildebrand, then recruiting the 771I1 Regiment
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, at Camp Putnam, Ohio. There,
knowing that the call to the front would he sharp and iptick,
he winked hy night and hy day to lianslonii the new men
fresh from the country into disciplined soldiers. While
(irant was in front of Port Donelson the expected summons
came on a Sunday morning : “ Your regiment will move
at once to Paducah, Kentucky, and report to General W.
T. Sherman. How soon will your command he ready to
march?” The superior officer being absent and unattain-
able by telegraph, he answered In an hour.” lie then
departed hy the earliest train and boat, and his regiment was
the first, out of the nine ordered from Ohio, to report at
Paducah, Kentucky, to General W. T. Sherman. Early in
April, when Sherman was conducting an expedition for the
destruction of the bridges on the railroad near Iuka, Missis-
sippi, sudden and heavy rains caused a rise in the bayous,
which, taking effect upon Yellow creek, threatened seriously
to cut off the return of his division to the boats. Fearing
rode to the front, and, reporting the situation to Sherman,
asked permission to build bridges of boats. Granting the
request, Sherman gave him orders to the commodore of the
fleet for all the yawls and gangway-planks needed from the
lleet, and instructions to construct pontoon bridges. So
rapidly and well was this order executed, that the General
deemed it fitting to notice him in a highly complimentary
manner. Afterward, while with Sherman, he was intrusted
with a large share of the bridging operations on railroads
and over streams, and of the construction of corduroy roads
through the great swamp lands. At the battle of Shiloh,
Colonel Hildebrand being in command of a brigade, while
the Lieutenant-Colonel was at home, the command of the
regiment devolved upon him, with the troops posted at
Shiloh Church, the line of the regiment traversing the main
Corinth road, which was regarded by Sherman as the key-
point of his position. Realizing the importance of his post,
he retained it with persistent tenacity and gallantly repulsed
the desperate charges of the exultant and confident enemy
for the capture of Taylor’s Battery, A, of Chicago. The
General commended the conduct of this regiment in its de-
termined and protracted struggle for the position of the
church, and in baffling the enemy in all his attempts to cap-
ture the coveted battery. The brigade commander, in his
official report, says: “ Major Benjamin 1). Fearing, who com-
manded the 77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was cool and
brave, and acquitted himself with as much skill as an old
officer of larger experience, and was not excelled by any
other field-officer who came under my observation.” Dur-
ing the battle of Shiloh he kept his regiment well into the
edge of the fight. Its loss tell-, the story of its part in that
engagement : one officer and forty-nine rank and file killed ;
seven officers and one hundred and seven men wounded,
and three officers and fifty-three men missing ; total killed,
wounded and missing, two hundred and twenty. From
Shiloh he commanded the regiment in all the active opera-

tions of Sherman’s division during the siege of Corinth —
constructing field-works, roads and bridges, picketing, skir-
mishing and lighting, until it rested in Fort Bickering, Mem-
phis, Tennessee, July 21st, 1862. lie was then promoted
to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and, having been mus-
tered out of the 77th Regiment to secure the promotion, re-
ported to his new command, the 93d Regiment Ohio Volun-
teer Infantry, in his native State. Now again came the
arduous labor of urging forward the preparation of his men
for the approaching conflict. Spending very little time in
the camp of instruction, however, they were soon ordered
to the front, and, after a stirring period of marching and
lighting in Virginia, moved with General Crook’s command
to East Tennessee, where there was an endless round of
exciting soldier-life. Here, Colonel Van Voorhes being
compelled by ill health to resign his position, Lieutenant-
Colonel Fearing was promoted to the vacated Colonelcy,
The command then joined the main Army of the Cumber-
land, with Crook’s 3d Brigade in 41I1 Division, 14th Army
Corps, and led the advance in the grand movement south in
the spring. He was at the head of his regiment in the fight
at Hoover’s Gap, which General Reynolds gave him to hold
after a magnificent charge, in which the cavalry of the di-
vision had driven the enemy through and beyond the posi-
tion. The forces at his command to relieve the cavalry
were the 18th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, the
921I Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Andrew’s Battery,
flic enemy made a splendid effort to plant himself in the
gap and repossess it, but this vantage-ground was steadily
held until the 14th Army Corps, under General Thomas,
moved through the gap and swept everything before them.
Soon after this came an important rcconnoissance up to the
enemy’s works at Tullahoma> where he gained information
of the greatest moment to the General in command. 1 1 is
regiment then fell under the command of that famous fighter,
General John B. Turchin, and under him, with Reynolds’
Division, 14th Army Corps, marched to Chickamauga, and
was engaged in the very important preliminary skirmishes
at Catlett’s Gap, in Pigeon Mountain, the Chattanooga and
Lafayette l’ike, and at Lane's Church. At the opening of
the action at Chickamauga he was sent in command of the
I Sth Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry and the pad
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry to recover some lost
ground and recapture the lost regular battery (the rest of the
brigade moving rapidly to a left point of the field where
matters were approaching a crisis). After a sharp and stub-
born contest the ground was retaken, the enemy falling back
under the persistent pressure. In a third attempt to retake
the battery he was severely wounded, a ball passing through
the front part of his right and the thick portion of his left
thigh. (The battery was eventually recaptured by the 9th
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the same charge,
which body entered into action on the right of the 93d
Regiment.) The enemy on the following day captured the
hospital in which Fearing, his officers and men had been

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

427

placed, liul a cavalry dash under Minty recovered the build
inn temporarily, and the "renter portion of those installed
there were thus enabled to make good their escape, lie
and four of his officers were saved by the cool and heroic
conduct of his coloicd servant, who carried them to an am-
bulance, and under a continuous fire drove them a distance
of two miles, bringing them finally within the protection of
the Federal lines. When sufficiently recovered for partial
duty, he was detailed on several courts-martial at Cincinnati
and Louisville, where he remained on duty until March,
1864. 1 lis regiment made a name and a splendid record at

Chiekam ruga, under the leadership of Lieutenant-Colonel
Putnam, in Turchin’s famous charge, where he hewed a
way out for Thomas and Reynolds, and formed a part of
the illustrious rear-guard that devoted itself heroically to
save the main army. Also it gained distinction at the mem-
orable storming of Mission Ridge. Turchin’s brigade had
been manoeuvring in front of the rebel position from the
21st until the 25th of November — now spectators of the stern
struggle of Hooker for Lookout Mountain, now on the left
watching with eager impatience the mortal combat of the
Army of the Tennessee under Sherman. Finally, bracing
themselves for the perilous feat of scaling the ridge, the Q2d,
36th and I ith Ohio, supported by the 31st, 17th and 89th
Ohio Regiments and the 82<1 Indiana, moved steadily over
the plain and through the woods, swept over the works be-
neath and advanced unvaryingly for those on the crest. No
position ever presented more difficulties; the Confederate
lines, bending back around the head of a ravine that pierced
the assaulting lines, breaking them and destroying their im-
petus, had their ends terminated in batteries on the advanced
knobs. The batteries and supports, as the storming parties
rose higher and higher, changed from a front to a Hank fire,
and as the line struggled, under the crushing storm of grape,
canister shot and musketry, through the entanglements at
the summit, their guns belched forth terrible havoc. Mid-
way up the steep ascent the regiment’s commander, Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Putnam, was struck down ; near him Lieu-
tenant Townsend fell dead, and the color-sergeant and guards
met with instant den h. While rallying the men by the
colors, young Captain Whitlesey, a brave and noble officer,
was slain. Hut the men went on ; they needed no lender
then. Mingling their tattered flags with those of the 36th
and nth Ohio, they swarmed over the works. While lead-
ing the storming party Adjutant Turner received his death-
wound. . . . Again at Rocky-Faced Ridge the 921I made its
mark ; charging through a retreating Federal line, they
valiantly repulsed a charge of the enemy, thus rescuing the
color-bearers and colors of an Indiana regiment cut off and
at bay. . . . Fearing returned to his command at Ringgold,
Georgia, in March, 1864. In the following May he moved
south with Turchin’s brigade, and fought with it in that
extraordinary campaign which counted one hundred days
of continuous fighting, many of the so-called skirmishes
swelling into the proportions of grand battles. lie took

part also in the ensuing campaign north, after Hood’s army,
also in the march from Atlanta to the sea. At Savannah he
received from President Lincoln a commission as Brigadier-
General by brevet, a promotion which was awarded him
under the most Haltering circumstances. The commission
bore date of December 2d, 1864, and was conferred “for
gallant and meritorious services during the long campaign
from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and from Atlanta to Savan-
nah.” He was assigned to duty in Morgan’s division, 2d
Division of the 14th Army Corps, and selected the 3d Brig-
ade as his command, a body of troops known familiarly as
“Colonel Dan McCook’s fighting brigade,” and composed
of the following regiments: 85th, 861 h , 1 10th and 125th Illi-
nois; the 22d, Jefferson C. Davis, Indiana, and McCook’s
52(1 Ohio. January 20th, 1865, the brigade marched out
of the city of Savannah, crossed the Savannah and “ fol-
lowed the eagles into the Carolinas.” Carrying with them
ponderous trains and artillery, the troops crossed the Edisto,
Santee, Broad, Saluda, Wateree, Catawba, I’edee, Lumber,
Cape Fear and Neuse rivers, and at Averysborough had “a
sharp and beautiful fight at close quarters ” with Rhett’s
brigade of South Carolinians, fresh from their defences of
Charleston and Sumter. At Bentonville, North Carolina,
when the enemy had broken the Union left and centre and
was everywhere victorious, General Jefferson C. Davis
snatched I'earing’s brigade from its post on the right and
hurled it impetuously in on the right as a forlorn hope, ex-
plaining, as the brigade took the charge pace, the great stress
and need to General Fearing, in a few sharp and inciting
orders : “ Push your way on to their flank at all hazard ; roll
it up and cut in as deep as you can ; hang on to it, and give
them no rest or time to reform. You must check and hold
them for a time, if it cost you the entire brigade.” Unmask-
ing the main line, and putting it abreast on the right (the
enemy’s edge) of the heavy line of skirmishers, the charge
was made with the front of a division. The charge was
glorious; square on the tender and sensitive flank. The
advancing lines on the left were compelled to inaugurate a
new, confused formation, and the sorely-needed check was
administered. But what a hornets’ nest the brigade had
gotten into in their impetuous onset ! So much ground was
gained that their right flank was brought into opposition
with the enemy’s reserves, and down pounced Hake’s North
Carolina division ere the exposed flank could be turned into
a front, and then ensued a desperate struggle in the Trouble-
Field Swamps, which resulted ultimately in the defeat of
the rebels. During this terrible action Fearing’s horse was
shot under him, while a Minie ball carried away the thumb,
forefinger, and a part of his right hand. This wound proved
a dangerous one, and permanently disabled him for active
service in the field. Van Horne, in his “ History of the
Army of the Cumberland,” after describing in detail the
battle, thus sums it up: “ Viewed in relation to the magni-
tude of the army successfully resisted by eight brigades of in-
fantry and Kilpatrick’s division of cavalry, which held posi-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lion on the left and rear, the ohjeels ami hopes ol the enemy '
and the character of the lighting 1 >y Morgan’s division, the
en<»a»cmcnt takes rank amongst the great decisive battles
of the war. The defence under such unequal conditions
was triumphantly successful, and General Johnston here
failed in the only special aggressive effort against General
Sherman in his march from Atlanta to Raleigh. 1 hat the
issue turned upon the action of the brigades of Mitchell,
Vanderveer and Rearing cannot be .doubted. The two
former did not give an inch of ground to the enemy, though
thrown into single lines, cut ofl from support, surrounded
and compelled to light in front and rear. 1 he action of
Rearing's brigade was not less important, as it disturbed and
defeated General Johnston’s combination to utilize for com-
plete success his first advantage. General Rearing fought
in complete isolation for some time, without defences, and
when his right flank was struck by the enemy, with such
force as to shatter it, he changed front upon his left, rallied
his shattered troops, and held the ground essential to the
stability of the new line. The later dispositions and re-
sistance by the whole command gave a symmetry and bril-
liancy to the conflict which have seldom found expression in
such urgent improvision.” At the close of the war he re-
signed his position, and was then offered the rank of Major
in the regular army, which, however, he declined to accept.
Having as a private taken part in the first important battle
of the war, and as commander of a brigade in the closing
action, he resolved to return to his home, gladdened by the
reflection that he had assisted in a measure in the saving of
the nation’s life. The names of those places where he fought
for his country’s flag are now historic : Manassas; the battles
of West Virginia, Shiloh, Cation Mountain, Iuka, Corinth,
Carthage, Hoover’s Gap, Tullahoma, Catlett’s Gap, Lane’s
Church, Chickarnauga, Chattanooga, Buzzard Roost, Rocky-
Raced Ridge, Resaea, Etowah, Allatoona l’ass, l’ine Knob,
Kenesaw (June 271I1), Nicojack, Reach free Creek, Chat-
tahoochee (July 201I1, 2 2d and 28th), Uloy Creek, Rough
and Ready, Jonesborough, Atlanta; the regions traversed in
the march to the sea; Savannah; through the Carolinas;
Avcrysborough, lSentonville. As a field-officer he was ever
ready, night and day, for active service; was quick to seize
upon all the salient points of a position for defence, attack,
or picket ; was admirably careful in the selection of good
camping ground; attended personally to the instruction and
comfort of his troops ; knew the men of his regiment by
name, and also their qualities ; possessed the ability which
organizes rapidly and effectively in the camp or during ac-
tion ; was strict in discipline, and under all circumstances
was extremely wary in his measures to avoid surprises, while
incessantly devising new measures to ensure the safety of
his command ; once engaged, he never hesitated to expose
either it or himself, when extremities demanded a sacrifice.
Upon his retirement from the service, and before his wounds
were entirely healed, he purchased an interest in a manufac-
turing company, whose business relations extended through-

out all the States. The works were at Mansfield, Ohio,
lilymyer, Day & Co., and at Cincinnati, Ohio, lJlymyer,
Ilorton & Co., with a distributing house in Chicago, lily,
inyer, Rearing & Co. lie settled in Mansfield primarily,
then took the field and devoted himself to the task of
establishing a complete system of agencies in all the Stales
for the sale of the machinery manufactured by the houses
with which he was connected, f rom 1S66 to 1871 he
travelled from seven to eight months during each year in
the South and West assiduously engaged in prosecuting this
business. In 1872 he relinquished his former relations and
associated himself with T. J. Cochran, one of his old com-
rades in the army, in the manufacture and sale of oil, and
in a general commission business, under the firm-style of
Cochran & Rearing, at Cincinnati, Ohio. The partnership
is still in existence, and they are the proprietors of the Anchor
Oil Works, Cincinnati.

ra

e^MITII, RICHARD, Editor of the Cincinnati
5\\l" Gazette, was born in Ireland, January 30th, 1823.
cjfhl 1'* '^4* he came to America. One of his brothers
had preceded him and located in Cincinnati, and
G)\5 through this brother’s instrumentality the other

^ members of his family were brought to this country
after the death of their father. Mr. Smith had received a
fair education in the old country, but not at once finding
anything to suit his inclination, he spent the first three years
of his residence in Cincinnati in learning and working at
the carpenter's trade. lie was afterwards connected with
the Chronicle newspaper, which was subsequently merged
into the Gazette. In 1846 he became Assistant Superin-
tendent of the Chamber oPCommerce, and in the following
year was appointed Agent of the Associated Press. '1 his
position he held until 1S50, when he was appointed Super-
intendent of the Chamber of Commerce. This he resigned
in 1855 on account of his connection with the Gazette, which
had been entered into during the preceding year, lie soon
acquired a small proprietary interest in and is now the
largest individual stockholder and the responsible editor of
the Gazette. I11 1S67 he received the nomination of his
party for Congressional Representative from the Hamilton
county district, but was not successful. He has always been
a Republican, and through his management the Gazette has
become one of the most reliable and solid organs of the
parly principles in the country, as well as the most high-
toned and safe among secular journals on all questions of
the day. lie is a writer of more than ordinary ability, and
a fine speaker, and although his body is too short and light,
yet his large head and general aspect, with his earnest man-
ners, will always give him weight and inaik him favorably
before an audience or in a public body, lie is one of the
noteworthy successful men of the day, and has, in addition
to his fine position as a leading journalist and his high stand-
ing in the business community, acquired a comfortable for-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

429

tune, lie is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In
1 846 he was married to Mary Quinn, of Kentucky, and lias
a family of five children.

#

V

FNIG, GEORGE, M. D., Physician and Surgeon,
was born in Ghambersburg, Franklin comity,
Pennsylvania, on November 25th, 17S5. lie
received a good English education, and had some
knowledge of the classics, llis familiarity with
drugs, acquired \yhile conducting hjs father’s
store, suggested the study of medicine, and he at once
entered upon it with all the ardor of his impetuous nature,
llis preceptor was Dr. S. I). Culbertson, of his native place,
a man of brilliant intellect, large experience, and extensive
practice. In 1S09 liu married and commenced the practice
of medicine in Strawsburg, a village in the same county in
which he was born. During his residence here, a period
of three years, he formed the acquaintance of Dr. William
Awl, who was also just entering upon the active duties of
life in a neighboring town, Between them arose a sincere
friendship and mutual esteem, the social intercourse and
kindly offices resulting from which were renewed after a
lengthy separation, in this city, and continued uninterrupted
until his death. On the breaking out of the war of 1S12, he
was appointed Surgeon’s Mate to a regiment from his own
county, of which his preceptor, I)r. Culbertson, was Surgeon.
Soon after his return home at the expiration of his commis-
sion, he removed to McConnellsburg, Bedford county, a
beautiful village situated in one of the most fertile and pic-
turesque valleys of the Statu. Here he spent thirty years in
the active and laborious pursuits of a profession to which he
was almost idolatrously attached, and of which he was
indeed an ornament. During the greater part of the many
years the doctor spent there, he was the sole representative
of the medical profession within a radius of fifteen or
twenty miles. The amount of labor he was compelled to
do would be appalling to almost any physician of the present
day. Although eminently successful as a practitioner of

medicine, his strong bias was toward the department of (
surgery, and here his mechanical skill was no small element !
in his success, lie had extraordinary constructive powers. ■
He made with his own hands, notwithstanding his extensive
business, most of his means and appliances for the treatment |
of fractures, and they were in those days numerous and
complicated. He invented, and had constructed, beds for
sick and injured persons; easy chairs admitting of every
variety of motion; fine electric apparatuses; and a great
many ingenious addenda calculated to amuse and instruct.
In this way his mechanical skill was of much service to
him, but especially so in the facility with which it enabled
him to perform surgical operations. In the social questions
of the day he took an active and influential pari, espec- j
ially in the first temperance movement. Always temperate

himself, he was an implacable foe to intemperance. He

was frequently called out to deliver temperance lectures,
many of which found their way into print, lie was widely
known for his skill in obstetrics, and his aid was sought
frequently at distances remote Irom his own proper theatre
of action, lie wrote and published a small treatise on this
subject. In 1S40 Dr. Denig found his health failing, and
concluded to go West and engage in some other pursuit,
lie removed to Columbus, Ohio, in 1841, and established
the drug store of Denig & Son. In politics in his young
days he was a Jellersonian Democrat, in maturer life a
Whig, and in his declining years an uncompromising Re-
publican. During his whole life he w'as a consistent
member of the l’resbyterian Church. llis death occurred
in 1S75. John M. Denig, his son, was born on November
17th, i S 1 8, in McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania. He went to
Illinois in 1837, and resided there four years. Returning
to his native place in 1841, he opened a drug store, and re-
mained there until 1S49, when he removed to Columbus
and continued the drug business in that city. He married,
in 1858, Ada S. Buck, daughter of William L. Buck, of
Truxlon, New York.

ROWN, H. WILSON, was born in Greenville,
Mercer county, Pennsylvania, November 9th,
1826, and is of Scotch and Irish lineage, a direct
descendant of one of the pilgrims of the May-
flower, and a relative of the Wilson w ho w as one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
He first attended the common school of his native town, and
then finished his education in Westminster College, of Law-
rence county, Pennsylvania.' lie removed to Cincinnati,
Ohio, in April, 1847, and engaged as shipping clerk for Peter
A. Sprigman iV Son. In 1849 he obtained a position as cleik
of the steamer “ Iloosier State,” one of the Cincinnati and
Madison packets. In November, 1852, he became a mem-
ber of the firm of Sprigman N Brown, and was appointed
Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad for Cincinnati,
and has been occupied in that department in connection
with the “ Star Union ” and “ National ” lines to the present
time. He was an active member of the old volunteer fire
department until the steam fire-engines were adopted.
When the Harmonic Society was organized he assisted in
the work, and became one of its original members, and has
been its Vice-President nearly all of the time to the present
day. During the first four years of the Cincinnati Industrial
Exposition he was one of its most energetic officers, serving
in 1S71 as First Vice-President. In 1S69 he was elected an
elder in the Fifth Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, and is
one of its most indefatigable workers. Mr. Brown was
married, October 7th, 1852, to Louisa Whiteman Coffin, of
Madison, Indiana, and by her has had four children, three
boys and one girl — two boys and one girl now living. The
eldest, Willie Brow n, w'as born August Sth, 1853, and was

1

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43°

BIOGRAPHICAL ENC YC LO P/E D I A .

drowned on ihe steamer “ Pal Rogers,” August 5th, 1874,
and was buried on Ids twenty-first biitlulny, August bill,
1S7, lie was possessed ol a lovely eliaraeler, o( pleasing
personal pieseuee, and eageily souglil lor in all social and
musical gatherings; Ids gay and buoyant spirits were tem-
pered with an unfailing courtesy that always made him a
welcome and favorite guest. lie gave bright promise as a
musician, and very few can fill his place in the Harmonic
Society.

ELAND, LINCOLN GOODAI.E, was born at
Columbus, Ohio, November loth, 1828. Ilis
father, Harry Delano, was born in Ohio, and was
engaged in the mercantile business at Columbus,
Ohio, from 1S14 until 1841, the time of his death.
I lis mother was Sarah Denny, daughter of General
James Denny, of P.ckaway county, Ohio. Lincoln Goodale
Delano attended schools at Columbus, Ohio, until 1840; he
was at that time placed under the instruction of the Rev. E.
Washburn, of the lilendon Institute, in Franklin county,
Ohio. During the year 1843 he entered the mercantile
business and remained in it until 1846, when he adopted
the profession of Civil Engineer. He was at Kenyon Col-
lege during the year 1S51, but continued in the business of
Civil Engineer until 1855, when he engaged in driving
cattle from Texas to the Chicago and New York maikcts.
lie has followed the cattle business and agricultural pursuits
up to the present time. From 1S70 to 1S76 he was a
member of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, and Presi-
dent of the Board for the years 1873 and 1S74. Governor
Allen appointed him one of the Board of Commissioners for
the construction of the Central Ohio Hospital for Insane in
1874, and to the same position in 1875; he resigned the
commission in 1876 to accept the office of Commissioner of
Railroads and Telegraphs, tendered him by Governor Allen,
lie was married, January 15th, 1S61, to Martha Crouse,
daughter of lion. John Crouse, of Ross county, Ohio.

ELLY, WILLIAM CLAY, Lawyer, was born on
the 24th of March, 1840, in Liberty township, !
Hancock county, Ohio, of Irish ancestry. 1 1 e ^
received his education at Findley High School,!
in his native county, and on leaving school in
March, 1855, he commenced at once to teach.
From that time until 1861 the greater part of his time was
spent in teaching. In the month of December, 1859, he j
commenced reading law with Hon. Henry Brown, of j
Findley, and continued reading with him until the 23d of j
July, 1862. Then he dropped his professional studies for
the time, and in connection with Captain Pope and Lieu-
tenant Ilursh, of Findley, he commenced recruiting Com-
pany D of the 99th Ohio Infantry. With this company and

regiment he entered the service, and remained with them
until November, 1862, when he resigned on account of
sickness, and relumed home. In January, 1863, he en-
tered the t )hio U n ion La w ( < illcge at Cleveland, from which
institution he graduated in June of the same year. Imme-
diately after his graduation he was admitted as an attorney
in the United States Court for the Northern District of
Ohio. In the month of May of the following year he was
admitted on the application of the Hon. Morrison R.
Waite, in the District Court of Toledo, to practise law in
the State of Ohio. O11 the lGth of March, 1864, he com-
menced the practice of his profession at Wauseon, Fulton
county, Ohio, and from that time to the present he has
continued to reside there, in active practice. His success
from the first has been very great, and he speedily attained
a large and growing practice. Ilis natural abilities and his
high professional attainments have won for him the confi-
dence of all, and he now occupies a leading position in his
profession, and his services are constantly in demand. I11
politics he is a Republican, but his constant professional
occupation has precluded much active participation on his
part in political aflairs. He has held no public office except
that of Mayor of Wauseon, to which position he was elected
in the spring of 1874 over the Prohibition candidate. In
person he is of medium height, and has a pleasant and
agreeable face. Ilis manner is eminently courteous and
prepossessing, and he is as popular socially as he is profes-
sionally. He was married on the 2d of November, 1867,
to Minnie L. Ayers, of Burlington, Iowa.

I

cMILLAN, URIAH G., Physician and Druggist,
was born in York county, Pennsylvania, January
29th , 1826, being the son oT Enos McMillan, a
farmer, who was a native of the same locality.
His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah
Wright, was born in the same State. In 1837 he
went with his parents to Columbiana county, Ohio, where
his father afterwards cultivated a farm and ran a mill. The
education of Dr. McMillan was begun in this section. Ilis
summers were employed in assisting his father, and his
winters in study at school. In 1844 he entered the high
school at New Lisbon, defraying the expenses of his support
and tuition by working during his leisure hours. In 1846,
having obtained a tolerably comprehensive knowledge of
those branches of study mainly needed in business life, and
of others, the usefulness of which by many at that time was
regarded as visionary, he started on a novel undertaking.
In company with James W. Marshall, he went about to
teach the philosophy of electricity, having obtained an appa-
ratus with which to illustrate his lectures. In this line he
was very successful, and was able to meet all the obligations
which he incurred while a student. In the fall of the same
year he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. John P.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCl.OP.EDI A.

43*

GiiK.ll, of Gilford, Ohio, and in 1849 graduated from the
Hudson Medical College at Cleveland. While a student
in that city he was a pupil of Dr. St. John, now of the New
York School of Medicine and Surgery, and became his
assistant in the chair of chemistry in the Hudson Medical
College. Dr. McMillan graduated as the second in h:s
class, and in the same year commenced practice in Gilford,
Ohio. He started on a tour for the purpose of finding some
more suitable location, lecturing and practising dentistry
while en route; but returned late in the fall of 1849 without
having made any satisfactory discovery. During the ensu-
ing winter he visited the Eastern States and lectured in
some of the leading colleges. In the fall of 1850 he settled
in Clinton, Vermillion county, Indiana, and joined Dr.
Isaac 15. Hedges in the practice of medicine, and so suc-
cessfully as a physician and business manager did he conduct
the duties of the partnership that he made a practice pay
both himself and Dr. Hedges well. On January 1st, 1854,
he moved to Bowling Green, Indiana, and in connection
with Mr. Pinckley established a drugstore and still con-
tinued his professional duties. The latter grew in impor-
tance very rapidly in this place, and his skill and care made
him ample returns. In the ensuing fall he took into part-
nership Dr. R. II. Culbertson, and in the following year
established a fine dry-goods store, taking upon himself the
financial management of the house, and placing it immedi-
ately under the charge of his brother, J. W. McMillan. In
1S57 he opened a bank and issued its paper himself. The
public, which had then scarcely any reliable medium,
accepted it in confidence, and this confidence was not
betrayed, as every dollar was redeemed. Dr. McMillan
proved himself a safe and skilful financier, and secured a
reputation scarcely less distinguished than that he had
achieved as a physician. In 1858 he speculated in Iowa
lands, and in 1859 in Kansas and other State lands, and
was in all these ventures uniformly successful. When, in
i860, he moved to Cincinnati to make that his future place
of residence, he was the owner in fee simple of several
thousand acres of rich land in western States. He estab-
lished himself in the drug business, and became in a short
time a member of the firm of R. Mat ready & Co. lie con-
tinued his connection with this house until February, 1S73,
when he retired from active mercantile and professional
life. Soon after he visited Europe with his family, and
travelled through all of the important continental cities.
Dr. McMillan has earned a fine reputation for business
ability. While a member of the firm of Macready & Co.,
its sales aggregated over a million dollars annually. All
his business undertakings, in a life that has been one of
unusual activity and variety, have been prosperous, and not
by adventitious aids, but by the exercise of judgment as to
the immediate wants of communities, and of enterprise to
-supply them, Dr. McMillan amassed a large fortune, which
he enjoys in retirement with his family. lie is a man of
profound scientific learning, and almost as much of a stu-

dent to-day as when preparing himself for professional life.
A part of his time he devotes to books of travel, still hoping
to travel round the world, and part to the study of law,
especially law pertaining to trade-marks and patents. In
the study of law he is carrying out his first thought of a
profession in his boyhood, lie is scholarly in his tastes,
generous in his impulses, and public-spirited in all his rela-
tions to the community which surrounds him. He was
married in 1S51 to Ann B. Gwathmey, daughter of Dr. W.
B. Gwathmey, of Bowling Green, Indiana. She died in
1S54, anil in 1859 he was married to Mrs. Ross, daughter
of General M. K. Alexander, of Paris, Illinois

RAZER, ABNER L., Civil Engineer, was born in
Columbus, Ohio, on January 21st, 1821. He was
named after his grandfather, Colonel Abner Lord,
one of the early settlers of Marietta, who emi-
grated there with his family from Connecticut in
1794. While he was yet a child, Abner’s father
died, and his mother married Hon. Benjamin Tap'pan, then
a Representative in the Ohio Legislature, and removed to
her husband’s home at Steubenville. There the boy grew
up, receiving his education at the best schools in the town,
and receiving instructions from a private tutor in French
and Latin. On reaching his sixteenth year he entered the
engineering service of the State of Ohio as rodman, receiv-
ing as compensation twelve dollars a month, with an allow-
ance of two dollars a week for board, and was assigned to
the construction of the Miami canal, from Dayton to Troy.
This work was completed in the fall of 1836, and the corps,
under charge of Andrew Young as Principal Engineer, and
Samuel Fairer as Engineer-in-Chief of the State, went to
work on the location and construction of the Wabash &
Erie canal, from Manhattan and Toledo westward to the
State line. After the location had been accomplished, he
was placed in charge of the division from Maumee to Provi-
dence, along the rapids of the Maumee, Daniel B. Taylor
acting as Principal Assistant Engineer. The malarial cha-
racter of the climate told severely upon the constitution of
Abner Frazer, and he was eventually compelled to abandon
his work in that section of country, and return to Steuben-
ville, his health shattered. A winter trip to New Orleans,
as supercargo of a flat boat belonging to his brother, James
A. Frazer, was of great benefit to him, and he returned to
Steubenville, much improved in health. On his return to
Steubenville he acted upon the suggestion of Judge Tappan,
then a member of the United States Senate and a prominent
politician, and purchased an interest in the Democratic
newspaper of Jefferson county, and at once commenced
editorial work upon it. II is paper, the American Union,
took a radical and uncompromising attitude regarding
banks, the tariff, and other topics that were then prominent
political issues. Political work and political study went

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432

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

together with him, and in his studies he began at the begin-
ning, and gave more and deeper thought to the Declaration
of Independence than he had hitherto done. 'Phis led him
gradually, but irresistibly, to the conviction that slavery was
wrote'; and under the force of this conviction he became a
*• Eree-Soilcr,” and identified himself with the Republican
party at its earliest organization. In the meantime he
bought the only book store in the place, and infused his
characteristic energy into the business, in addition to attend-
ing to his editorial labors. When the question of latitudinal
railroads across Ohio began to be considered, bis public
spirit became fully aroused, lie believed Steubenville was
on the direct route between Philadelphia and New York
and the West, and in this belief assisted in the rcconnois-
sance between Pittsburgh and Columbus, lie found the
open-air exercise greatly beneficial to his health, and when
the work of locating and constructing the Pittsburgh, Cin-
cinnati 3c St, Louis Railroad — known as the Panhandle
Route — came to be done, he assisted in the execution of it.
Then he turned his attention to organizing the Steubenville
& Indiana Railroad Company, and for a lime he and one
or two others in Steubenville bore almost the entire weight
of the enterprise upon their own shoulders ; and had they
not done so, it is doubtful if that now popular road would
ever have been built. In 1X56 he abandoned the profession
of engineering, on account of the necessity which it en-
tailed of being so much away from home, and removed to
Cincinnati and entered the wholesale grocery house of his
brother James. During six years of his residence in Cin-
cinnati he was a member of the Hoard of Education, and
assisted in organizing the University of Cincinnati under its
present laws. lie was for a time one of the Board of Offi-
cers in the Chamber of Commerce, and while there urged
the annual repetition of the textile fabric exhibition, and
so promoted what has since become the Cincinnati Indus-
trial Exposition, lie was brought up in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and was confirmed, when twenty-four
years old, by Bishop Mcllwaine. lie is, and has always
been, a strict temperance man, and is also a member of
several beneficial societies. lie was married, when twenty-
three years old, to Martha J. McDowell, daughter of Alex-
ander J. McDowell, of Steubenville, and granddaughter
of Colonel McDowell, who served on General Washington’s
medical staff in the Revolution.

P (a

c> y. /[), I I ILL, JAMES, M.D., Physician, was born No-
te /<■ ! V vember lllli, 1S1S, at Morristown, Lamoille
C-J.il py county, Vermont, and is the second of five chil-
dren, whose parents were James and Anna M.
d (Shaw) Little, both natives of the same place as

their son. 1 1 is father followed the profession of
medicine, and removed to Ohio in 1818, locating at first at
Roseville, in Muskingum county, where he resided until

1852, thence went to Zanesville, and afterwards to Colamer,
in Cuyahoga county, where he died, in November, 1S59.
lie was of Welsh extraction, and his ancestry active partici-
pants in the revolutionary war; his w ife was of English
descent; she died in June, 1X32. Janies Little, their son,
was engaged in farm labor until he was sixteen years old,
attending school during the winter months. I11 1833 he
entered Marietta College, Ohio, and pursued a course of
literary study, which he completed in 1837. In this year
he began the reading of medicine at Deavertown, Morgan
county, which he pursued with energy and assiduity for
four years, meanwhile attending the lectures delivered at the
Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati. In 1S42 he com-
menced the practice of his profession at Roseville, Muskin-
gum comity, and in the autumn of 1843 located at Oaklield,
in Perry county, where he sojourned about eight months.
I le then removed to Deavertown, where he had commenced
his studies, and practised there about three years. In 1847
he settled at Beverly, in Washington county, where he re-
sided for twenty-three years, and controlled an extensive
practice. In 1870 he went to Logan, in Hocking county,
where he now resides, and likewise enjoys an extended and
lucrative practice. He has been remarkable for his success-
ful treatment of chronic diseases. He was formerly an old
line Whig, and polled his maiden vote fur General Harrison
for President ; since that party ceased to exist, he has sym-
pathized with the Republicans. He was County Commis-
sioner of Washington county for four years. He has never
been connected with any religious society, but entertains
liberal views of Christianity. He has always been a tem-
perate man; temperance in language, action and social in-
tercourse has always been with him a rule of conduct, lie
has been remarkable forApiick and generous sensibilities,
entirely devoid of selfish motives. He was married, Janu-
ary 1st, 1S45, lo Lurana S., daughter of lion. Silas II.
Jennison, Governor of Vermont— a native of Addison
county in that Stale. To them were born two children,
Silas Jennison, on December nth, 1S49, and Mary, on
August 31st, 1S51. This biography would be incomplete
without some notice of the distinguished son. lie early
showed evidences of no ordinary ability to learn, and his
parents gave him every facility to gratify his great desire to
improve his mind. The best of teachers were employed in
the schools at home so that he might be well prepared for
college. At the age of twenty he entered the sophomore
class in Marietta College, and graduated with high honors
in 1 S7 2, when he commenced the study of medicine with
his father in Logan. In the same year he began attending
lectures at Starling Medical College, and graduated with
first honors in the spring of 1S74, being the valedictorian
of his class. Returning home, he commenced at once
with his father the practice of his profession, and rapidly,
through his kind, generous and faultless disposition and
medical ability, gained friends and patronage, until he was
called far and near to relieve the alllicled. In February,

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BIOGRAPHICAL

1S74, t lie small pox Broke oul in Logan in ils most terri lie
form, and lie was called By the Board of Health to minister
to the Milli ters and to stop the progress o( the contagion.
Having no fear of sell and an overpowering desire to do
good, In.', on the 111I1 ilay of that month, entered on this
terrible mission, working night and day, and assisting at
midnight to Bury the dead, for so frightened were the citi-
zens that no help would they render. In eleven days the
young hero was stricken down with the disease, in its most
malignant form, and in four days, on February 26th, he
passed away a martyr in the cause of humanity. No event,
since the assassination of the martyred Lincoln, had so
paralyzed the community as the death of this noble young
man. The Board of Health was called at once, and passed
suitable resolutions, and urged the Common Council of the
village to erect at a suitable time a monument to his many
virtues and heroism.

ENCYCLOP.LUIA.

cyfo'.ir

433

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6 (4s

GALE, SAMUEL CHASE, Attorney-at-Law in
the city of Cincinnati, was Born in Baltimore,
Maryland, August 31st, 1S18. lie was the
eldest of six children, only three of whom are
now living, and whose parents were Dr. Skip-
with II. Coale and Eliza (Chase) Coale, daughter
of Judge Samuel Chase, who was one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence from Maryland, ami an Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
until June 19th, 1S11, when he died. His father, Dr.
Coale, died in Harford county, Maryland, which was the
place of his nativity, January, 1S32, where he was widely
and favorably known as a skilful and leading physician.
His mother’s decease occurred in the same county, March
loth, 1853. The subject of this notice received a liberal
college education, though principally reared on his father’s
farm, and at the age of twenty-one years commenced the
study of law in the office of the lion. Charles E. Mayer,
then a prominent lawyer of Baltimore, and an influential
citizen of Maryland, he having filled many important
public positions. In 1S43 Mr. Coale was admitted to the
bar of Baltimore, and commenced the practice of law, but
in 184s he removed to Cincinnati. He did not remain
long, however, in the latter city, but after making several
changes of domicile, finally established himself in Stark
county, in the northern part of the State of Ohio. In 1873
he returned to Cincinnati, and has resumed the practice of
his profession with a reasonable prospect of success. In
politics Mr. Coale was formerly a Whig, having cast his
lir.st vote for General William II. Harrison, but he has
since been attached to the Democratic party. Religiously,
he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and
socially lie is a genial and intelligent gentleman, one of
that class of positive men, who, while they occasionally
may make "enemies, yet have the faculty of securing and
retaining many linn friendships,

VS

fij (,P TAN BEK Y, 1ION. HENRY, Lawyer and States-
man, was born in the city of New York, February
20th, 1803. Jn 1814 he emigrated with his
father’s family to Zanesville, Ohio. lie had
already passed through a preparatory course of
education in New York, and accordingly, in 1815,
at the age of twelve, entered Washington College, Pennsyl-
vania, and in the fall of 1819 graduated. He immediately
began the study of the law in the office of Ebcnezer Gran-
ger, at Lancaster. Three years afterwards Mr. Granger
died. He then continued his studies two years under the
direction of General Charles li. Goddard, another distin-
guished lawyer of Zanesville. He was thus obliged to
remain a student of law' for five years, as he could not be
admitted before the age of twenty-one. In the spring of
1824 he wms admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of
Ohio at Gallipolis, and at once commenced practice at Lan-
caster, under the patronage of Hon. Thomas Ew'ing. Mr.
Ewing was practising in the Supreme Court at the time of
Mr. Slanbery’s examination, and afterwards cordially in-
vited him to locate at Lancaster, proffering his aid and
friendship. This offer the young lawyer was glad to accept.
In 1846 the Legislature of Ohio created the office of Attor-
ney-General, and elected Mr. Stanbery to the position. He
then removed to Columbus, and devoted himself to the
duties of his office. This term of office lasted five years.
In the summer of 1853 he removed to Cincinnati, where he
continued the practice w ith the unusual success and popu-
larity which had marked his long residence of twenty-Hvo
years at Lancaster. In 1850 he was a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention, and in 1866 was nominated for the
Supreme Bench of the United States; but this nomination
w as not acted on in Congress^owing to the passage of a law
limiting the number of judges to the status of the court at
that time. In the same year he was -appointed to the
Attorney-Generalship of the United States, by President
Johnson. This position he resigned in 1868, to become
one of the counsel for the President in his impeachment
trial. lie was subsequently renominated to the same cabi-
net position, but the Senate refused to confirm him. He
then resumed the practice of the law in the United States
courts of Southern Ohio and in the Supreme Court of the
United States, and since 1S57 has resided at Highlands,
Campbell county, Kentucky. Mr. Stanbery has been twice
married ; first to the daughter of General Beecher, of Lan-
caster, Ohio, who died, leaving several children, three of
w hom are now living, and, in 1841, to the daughter of \V.
Key Bond, of Cincinnati. Nearly fifty-two years Mr.
Stanbery has been practising law, and has taken a front
rank in the profession. lie has ever been a hard and far-
discerning student of law, and his professional habits have
been models of line deportment. He never undervalues an
adversary, or suffers from inattention to his own client; his
briefs are rare specimens of logic, perspicacity and force, up
to the professional standard of any tribunal, however learned

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434

liiocRArn ical encyclopaedia.

or exalted. In the couit he probably appears to tlie best
advantage, where, at all limes, lie presents himsell to the
eye ami ear as the finished advocate, 1 1 is appearance is
admirable, his pci am (all and straight, his voice mild and
clear, Ids geslmc and manner courteous and dignified, and
his constitutional vigor extraordinary, all giving assurance
of his being eipial to any occasion, llis adroitness in the
investigation of facts, and in bringing the points of law to
his own aid and to the distress of his adversary, cannot be
excelled. And his defence never fails to heighten the
marked interest which he has excited. He has ever attrib-
uted much of his power and resources to his long contact
and strife with the late Mr. Ewing and the able bar of
Lancaster. Great lawyers, as great men in other intellectual
pursuits, appear in groups, because, like physical athletes,
they develop one another. Mr. Slanbery’s private life has
the same thorough honesty and purity that distinguish his
professional career; and consequently he enjoys justly an
enviable position among his friends in and out of the pro-
fession, and the high estimation of the public, lie has
never sought offices in the line of his profession nor in any
other field. Where he has filled and enjoyed them, he has
given them more lustre than he received, by his learning
and personal character. Mr. Slanbery has acquired a con-
siderable fortune, which would enable him to retire, but, at
more than threescore and ten, he still pursues the practice
of his profession ; and with the example of many great_
lawyers, who have kept the harness on to a great age, he
will probably, as long as his fine constitution gives him
strength, devote himself to his accustomed employment
with his exceptional great skill, fidelity and success

#9

AI.STEA1), MURAT, Journalist, was born in IJut-
ler county, Ohio, September 2d, 1829. His father,
Colonel Grillin 1 Ialslead, was a native of North
Carolina, being born at Guilford in that State,
but as early as 1S05 he emigrated to liutler
county, with his parents, llis mother was Clar-
issa Willits, of Ohio. Until the age of nineteen Murat
passed the summers on his father's farm and the winters in
school. In 1851 he graduated at Farmer’s College, near
Cincinnati, and immediately afterwards took up his resi-
dence in that city. At the age of eighteen he became a
contributor to the newspapers, and before leaving college
had acquired considerable lacilily as a writer of fiction and
light miscellany. After locating in Cincinnati, he aban-
doned his intention of studying law, and began to write for
various papers, first for the Gazelle, then as local of the
Rnquirer , as news editor of the Allas, and associate editor
of the Columbian. On March 10th, 1S53, he commenced
working on the Commercial, as its city editor; in May,
1854, bought a small interest in that paper, and in 1866,
on the death of M. 1). l’otter, the principal editor, the

entire control of the paper passed into his hands. He has
ever since been editor-in-chief and leading stockholder in
the Commo rial. From 1854 to 18(16 the good will of the.
paper almie, to say nothing of its pmpciiy, had quadrupled
111 value, and it had become, chiefly through his efforts, one
of the most 111lluc11ti.il p.u ers in the West. The Commer-
cial is independent in politics. Mr. Halstead is an able
writer, attacking with acknowledged force a wide range of
subjects. For corruption, whether in high or low places,
he knows no charity, and seems to take the greatest pleasure
in his bold assaults on rings and wrongs everywhere. He
is himself incorruptible, lie is not only a fine writer, but
also a speaker and lecturer of great force and eloquence,
appearing to the highest advantage as an extempore speaker.
He inherited great constitutional vigor and endurance, and
seems to shrink at no amount of labor. llis personal ap-
pearance is admirable, together with his manners and ex-
tensive and ready knowledge of men and things, giving
him the assurance of a pleasant and favorable reception in
any company, lie does not always take the right side of a
question, nor does he always advocate his side in the wisest
manner, but his integrity and public spirit are always patent.
He has travelled extensively, and acquired much foreign
information. All in all, Mr. Halstead is a man of many
marked and distinguished trails, and is admittedly one of
the first journalists of the country. In March, 1S57, he
was married, and has a family of sons anti daughters.

V LOCKSON, AUGUSTUS P., Lawyer, was born at
/C Zanesville, Ohio, September 141I1, 1820. His
father was bom at Milton, Delaware, and his
mother at Paris, Virginia, and both went to
Zanesville before their marriage, which occurred
in 1810. For many years his father was engaged
in the iron-foundry business, from which he retired at the
age of fifty-five. Augustus P. was educated at w hat was
then called a select private school, which he attended until
he reached the age of eighteen, when he passed two years
in his father’s foundry. In the meantime, from 1834 to
1840, during which period his father was postmaster of
Zanesville, he acted as clerk in the post-office. At the age
of twenty he commenced to read law, under Judge Stillwell.
He applied himself to study with great diligence, and was
admitted to the bar in 1843. Since then he has practised
his profession in Zanesville. In 1853 he was elected to the
office of City Solicitor, to which he was tw ice re-elected,
vacating that office in 1859, when he became a member .of
the Hoard of Public Education. This position he held for
six years. In 1849 was appointed Master Commissioner
of the Court of Common Pleas, for a term of three years.
He discharged the duties of this position so faithfully that
he was reappointed at the expiration of his first term, and
again in 1855, vacating the office in 1858, having held it

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for nine consecutive years. Mr. Blockson has built a large
ami lucrative practice in the civil ami itt the criminal courts,
ami has been engaged in most ol the important cases before
the Zanesville courts. Ilia fees in a single case amounted
to eleven hundred dollars. Mr. lilockson and his family
have been largely interested in the growth and improve-
ment of Zanesville, still owning lilockson’s Row, built by
his father. Mr. Blockson stands high in Zanesville as a
citizen and as a member of the bar. August 28th, 1S4O,
he married Mary 1‘. Hewitt, whose grandfather was one of
the pioneers who landed at Marietta, on the 7th of April,

17SS.

C'VVj* ALDEN, JOHN M., Doctor of Divinity, was born,
Cl I I °n tbc IllF Fcbrual'y’ ‘Sj1. at Lebanon,
£ I I I Warren county, Ohio. He comes of Anglo-Saxon
t, ancestry, and his forefathers were among the early

t settlers of Virginia. Soon after the settlement

of Kentucky, his great-grandfather settled near
Boone’s Station, and in the year 1800 his grandfather,
Benjamin Walden, removed to Ohio and located in Hamil-
ton county. When John was two years old he was left
motherless, and after his grandfather’s death, in 1S41, home-
less; for although his father married again when the boy
was thirteen, it did not prove a happy event for him, and at
the age of fourteen years, estranged from his father, and an
exile from his father’s house, he became entirely dependent
upon his own resources. The next four years of his life
were crowded with varied experiences, growing out of his
efforts to live “ from hand to mouth.” He had been trained
to farm work, and this kind of labor formed, during a por-
tion of the lime mentioned, his means of support — not his
sole means, however. lie varied his occupations by
peddling, his stock at first being notions, then pictures, and
then books, lie had a taste for mechanics, and readily
acquired “ the use of tools.” After working for a time with
an ingenious artisan, the handy-man of the neighborhood
to make and repair pumps, harvesting cradles, etc., he went
to Cincinnati and turned his hand successively to casting
type, roofing flat-boats, plumbing, putting up patent medi-
cines, working in a provision store, and finally to carpenter-
ing, which he selected as a trade. Ills apprenticeship at
this was sufficiently long for him to acquire a fair measure
of skill, and then he returned to the country and worked
as a journeyman, obtaining journeyman’s wages, although
under age. The day he was eighteen years old he entered
a store as a clerk, calling into requisition knowledge he had
gained. On that day he wax the possessor of one plain suit
of clothes and a silver half-dollar, lie had not been at
school for seven years, and for the same length of time he
had read but little save some of the novels w hich had at
onetime formed his stock in trade, lie remained in the
store some nine months, and during that time borrowed and
read several standard works, tried his hand at a little literary

work and failed ; tried again and measurably succeeded.
The result of his reading and writing was to make him
more ambitious than heretofore, and to confirm in him a
purpose to secure an education. To this purpose he deter-
mined to devote the earnings of his clerkship, and in the
month of November, 1849, he entered “ Farmer’s College,”
in Ohio, lie had money enough to carry him through one
session. lhat ended, he left the college and went to teach-
ing common school, to earn the means u ith which to help
himself forward still further in his collegiate course, lie
continued teaching a year, during which time he kept even
pace with his class in all the studies. At the end of the
year, in the spring of 1851, he again entered the college,
and, by hard study, graduated in June, 1852. Immedi-
ately after graduating he was appointed Tutor in the
Preparatory Department of his Alma Mater, and labored in
that capacity for two years, receiving, in return, more than
enough to pay off all the debts he had contracted during
his college course, and have a small sum (it seemed large)
left. All this time he had been nursing the purpose of
being a journalist. While in college he had written a good
deal for newspapers, and to some extent successfully. In
1S54 he resigned his position in Farmer’s College, to go
into newspaper work in earnest, lie revived the Inde-
pendent Press, a paper that had been published at Fairfield,
Illinois, and pushed it with energy and ability. The course
of the paper, however, was unpopular. Its editor was op-
posed to the Kansas- Nebraska policy that then prevailed,
and was an earnest advocate of temperance. The princi-
ples he supported did not win very hearty patronage in
“ Egypt,” and his journalistic enterprise failed. lie closed
it out in the spring of 1S55. In May of the same year he
commenced reporting fur ih ^Cincinnati Daily Commercial,
and continued his connection with that paper as reporter
and correspondent, until November, 1856. During the
campaign of that year he travelled over Ohio and Indiana,
reporting meetings for the Commercial, and occasionally, in
both those States, was called to the stump in support of
Fremont; and even in Kentucky he made two Fremont
speeches. In the spring of 1857 he went to Kansas, to
devote himself more fully and directly to the promotion of
Free-State principles, and in April of lhat year, at Qttin-
daro, on the Missouri river, ten miles above Kansas City,
he, in company with Edmund Babb, started a paper called
the Chindowan, which word is the Wyandotte for “ Leader.”
The paper, in national politics, was Republican, and in
local politics was an ardent advocate of the radical Free-
State doctrines. It was ably conducted, and exercised no
small degree of influence. Its editor was soon assigned a
place in the Free-Stale ranks, and was earnestly active in
every way in the promotion of the principles he espoused,
and in March, 1858, he was elected a delegate to the
Leavenworth Constitutional Convention, and as Chairman
of the Committee on Address was the author of the
“Address of the Convention to the American People.” Me

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BIOGRAl’II LCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

was already a member of lire Topeka Legislature, and in
May, 185S, was elected State Superintendent of Public In-
struction, under the Leavenworth Constitution. On the
1 ’th of June following, his connection with the C/iinttowtui
ceased, and dining July he canvassed the territory, undei
the direction of the Stale Central Committee, in opposition
to the Lecompton (pro-slavery) Constitution. 1 he defeat
of that instrument practically settled the question of free-
dom in Kansas, and he felt at liberty- to turn his efforts in
another direction. lie had been active and earnest in
political work, but it was because political work was, for
the time being, the work of duty. Now he turned away
from promises of rapid and brilliant political promotion,
and went back to Ohio. There he made- application to the
Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
and in September, 1 S 5 S , he was admitted as a minister on
trial, and appointed to North Iiend Circuit. After two
years of circuit work he was appointed to a charge in Cin-
cinnati. For four years he did pastoral work there. While
pastor of the Ladies’ Home Mission, he also became Corre-
sponding Secretary of the Western Freedmen’s Aid Society,
to which he was exclusively assigned in 1864. lie was the
chief mover in the organization of the Erecdmen’s Aid
Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1866, and
was its first Corresponding Secretary. In 1S67 he was
elected to the General Conference, and was the youngest
delegate ever chosen by the Cincinnati Conference. In the
same year he was appointed Presiding Elder of the East
Cincinnati District, and in May, 1S6S, was elected by the
General Conference Assistant Agent of the Western Meth-
odist llook Concern, the duties of which position he per-
formed in the earnest and indefatigable way by which he
achieved success in other work. So satisfactory was his
performance of his duties here that he was re-elected to the
position in 1S72, when the agents were made co-equal;
and at the General Conlercnee of that year he received the
highest number of votes (160) for the Episcopacy of any
one not elected. 1 1 is Conference has placed him at the
head of its delegation for the General Conference of 1S76.
lie took a prominent part in the temperence movement in
Ohio in 1874. For the past ten years he has been promi-
nently active in the Sunday-school work in Cincinnati and
southwestern Ohio; and for more than fifteen years he has
been closely identified with the moral and religious history
of Cincinnati. During the years of his residence there, he
has been honorably prominent in the work of education,
lie was a member of the Hoard of Education in the city,
and as Chairman of the Library Committee lie was promi-
nent in securing to the Free Public Library the legal pro-
visions through which it now receives annually $17,000,
to be expended in the purchase of books. Although he has
had a prominent part in the stirring events of the last twenty
years, and holds positions of honor and responsibility, which
the Methodist Episcopal Church has usually only intrusted
to- men of ripe years, he is not yet forty five, with physical

powers unimpaired, and capable of an amount of labor that
few can endure. To sum up his character and career, it
may be said that he is a representative example ol the
energy and success of the best class of Western men.

ORTON, HENRY VICTOR, Grand Scribe of the
Sons of Temperance of Ohio, was born, August
22d, 1S04, in Union Village, Washington county,
New York, and is a lineal descendant of Harna-
bus Horton, who was born in Mourle.y, Leicester-
shire, England, in 1591, and died at Southamp-
ton, Long Island, July 131I1, 1686. Of the second

generation there is no account, but of the third generation
it is recorded that lonathan Horton, grandson of Barnabas,
was born December 1st, 1683, and married Mary Tilth ill,
who was born April 3d, 1 68 j . They were the parents of
eight children. In the fourth generation Jonathan Horton
was born April 24th, 1713, and married Eunice Forster,
who was born December 23d, 1721. 1 hey were the

parents of seven children. In the fifth generation Jonathan
Horton was born May 51I1, 1745, was married February
29th, 1768, at eleven o’clock 1’. M., and died May 241I1,
1777. 1 1 is wife, Elizabeth King, was born July, 1749,

and died October 51I1, 1823. Their children consisted of
four girls and one boy, Jonathan K. In the sixth genera-
tion Jonathan K. Horton was born | line I lib, 1777, and
married Elizabeth l ice, November 13d', 1803; three boys
and one girl were born of this union, viz. : Henry Victor,
George, Eliza, and Lewis. In the seventh generation
Henry Victor Horton was born August 22d, 1804, married
in Oswego, New York, December 25th, 1829, and died
January 3d, 1871. llix wife, Sophia Matilda Dougherty,
was born, March 7th, 1812, in Manlius, New York. Of
the children born of this union, eight are now living, as
follows: Lewis V., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September
nth, 1834. Elizabeth T., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb-
ruary loth, 1836. Alonzo C., born in Cincinnati, Ohio,
January 1st, 1838. Angeline G., born in Cincinnati, Ohio,
September 14th, 1841. Harry K., born in Cincinnati, Ohio,

I November loth, 1842. Thomas C, born in Cincinnati,

I Ohio, August 3d, 1S4S. Maria J., born in Union Village,
New York, August 3d, 1S50. Samuel C., born in Cincin-
nati, Ohio, April 30th, 1S55. Jonathan K. Horton, the
father of the subject of this sketch, was a man of respecta-
ble attainments. During several years he was a representa-
tive in the New York Legislature, and to the close of his
life enjoyed the fullest confidence and respect of the com-
1 nutnily in which he resided. The mother, Elizabeth 1 ice,
was a daughter of Katrum Van Tassel, made illustrious in
j Washington Irving’s legend of “ The Sleepy Hollow.” She
was a woman of sterling character, and from her Dull h
ancestors inherited principles of industry, thrift, perxevi r
mice, piety, and uprightness, which she so strongly stamped

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

437

upon the impressible mind of her eldest son, Ilenry Victor,
that they became prominent and permanent trails ol his
character. He was ever noted for his honesty and mllexi-
1 ) 1 e will. Notwithstanding his stern and severe judgment,
concerning himself as well as others, at the slightest vari-
ance from a rectitude whose standard would admit of no
deviation, he had a heart full of kindness, and gathered
friends around him wherever he went. After his marriage
he removed, in November, 1S34, to Cincinnati, Ohio, where
the largest part of his life was spent. About this time the
Washingtonians were storming the strongholds of Bacchus,
tearing his victims from the clutches of death, and return-
ing them to their homes and families, washed, clothed, and
in their right minds. Mr. Holton at once united with that
band of temperance reformers, and did not cease to work so
long as he lived, for the despised and degraded drunkard.
Possessed of an ardent temperament he threw his whole
soul into the labor of reclaiming the fallen. With him it
was a work of love, and his zeal was unbounded. Though
others failed he never grew weary, and often said, “ This
cause is a righteous one, the handmaid of religion ; ” anil
he carried that standard while his right hand gave him
strength, lie made it a duty to look up the poor slaves to
intoxicating drinks, and to endeavor to place them on their
feet again. The church at this time had not seen the im-
portance of this great reform ; and a minister rebuked him
upon a certain occasion, for going out on the Sabbath day
to visit drunkards, instead of devoting it to worship in the
house of God. He replied, “ Mv good brother, I go to
clothe them in their right mind, that they may receive the
words of your preaching.” To save the drunkard and
overthrow the rumseller was his great idea: he was full of
sympathy for the former, but on meeting the latter could
not restrain his scorn and indignation, and would not listen
to an apology for the dealer in the “accursed stuff.” He
regarded the rumseller as a criminal against the laws of
God and man, and ranked him with the thief and assassin.
There are thousands to-day in all parts of the State of Ohio,
who are ready to bear testimony of the tenderness and love
he ever cherished for the deluded victim of drink ; but no
person ever found him merciful toward the man who dealt
out the poison behind the screen; such an one was to him
a polluter of society, a blot upon our civilization. He
never spared his time or money in saving a brother man
from that lowest depth of degradation — a drunkard's <oave.
When the Order of the Sons of Temperance was first
organized in New York city, Mr. Ilorton at once made
arrangements to have the order transplanted to Ohio; and
after securing the required number of applicants, succeeded
in obtaining the charter of Ohio Division, No. I, which
bears date of August 1st, 1844. By his untiring energy,
assisted by many noble men, the Grand Division of Ohio
was, on the 12th day of May, 1845, instituted, and he was
elected Grand Conductor. On the 11th of October of that
year the first session was held, and Mr. Horton was elected

Grand Scribe, which position he occupied for nearly seven-
I teen years. The following extracts are from the report of
his death, prepared by the efficient and life-long temperance
reformer, Evan J. Morris, the present Grand Scribe of
Ohio: “ When I removed to Cincinnati in 1867, and called
upon him first, it was a pleasant meeting, for, some time
before 1 saw him personally, 1 had learned to respect and
love him. We continued devoted friends until his death.
I know of no person, in the whole list of our membership,
for whom I had a higher regard. For many years Brother
Ilorton occupied a seat in the National Division, and was
highly esteemed by the entire membership. He was looked
upon as the head and life of the whole order in Ohio; and
for many years was counselled by all in prosperity and ad-
versity. ‘ When difficulties arose in divisions, a letter from
Brother Ilorton was considered sufficient to settle all dis-
putes. During the last year of Brother Horton’s life, his
! sufferings were very great, so much so that he was not able
^ to attend to the duties of his office with that promptitude
which had hitherto characterized his business life. He
j was, however, always found at his post when he was able
to walk. 1 1 is strong will, energy, high sense of responsi-
bility, and devotion to the order, would not allow him to
be idle. Those who were present at the annual session of
the Grand Division of Ohio, in 1S70, will never forget the
feeble condition of our departed brother. Though weak
and emaciated, he appeared before that grand body and
presented the business of the session in an able manner. 1 1 is
' voice was weak but firm, and his conduct commanded the
attention, sympathy and respect of his fellow members, who
fell that it would be the last time he would meet them in
annual convocation. Later^the Executive Committee often
gathered around his bed to receive words of direction and
advice. We could scarcely think him a dying man, he was
so cheerful, so full of hope and energy, llis attachment
to the great cause of his life was so great, that almost his
J last words were ‘ The Order,’ ‘The Sons of Temperance.’

! Before he died he said to me (E. J. Morris), ‘ 1 have lived
to a good old age; I have been called for a purpose; my
I days are numbered; I know that my Redeemer livetli.’
The look he gave me into his heart, the frank expressions
of his deep convictions, so firm, but earnestly spoken, rested
like a beacon star upon my sorrowing heart. A few days
before his death, his wife requested him to dismiss all cares
and anxieties from his mind, but it was impossible, and up
to his last hour he was actively interested in the great re-
form so dear to his heart.” He died in Cincinnati, Ohio,
January 3d, 1S71. His funeral was one of the largest and
most impressive ever attended by the Sons of Temperance.
The services were held in the Fifth Presbyterian Church, of
which he was a member. The members of the Grand and
subordinate Divisions, in full regalia, were under the com-
mand of the Grand Marshal, E. J. Morris, and escorted the
remains to the church, and thence to Spring Grove Ceme-
tery. At the grave the ceremonies in behalf of the order

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.F.D1A.

were conducted by Rev. J. F. Porbus. After which Gen-
eral Samuel l‘\ Cary delivered a brief and eloquent eulogy
upon the character of the deceased. Day after day lor
ns. lily forty years had he canied within his breast a heart
lull of the teudcresl pity lor the fallen drunkard, anti tut in-
flexible hostility to the traffic in all kinds of intoxicating
drinks. Now it had ceased to beat; and as we laid him to
rest we felt that we consigned to the grave a warrior who
had fought a good fight. The Grand- Division of Ohio
adopted, April 29th, 1S75, a resolution, an extract of which
is : “For the erection of a suitable order monument in
Spring Grove Cemetery, Hamilton county, Ohio, to the
memory ol our late Grand Scribe, II. V. Horton, in token
of our respect for him as a man and Son of Temperance,
and our appreciation of the services which he rendered this
Grand Division as Grand Scribe, during a period of some
seventeen consecutive years.”

ZJte

^ROSSIUS, JOHN, Inventor, Patentee, and Manu-
facturer of the School-house Ventilating Stoves,

Hot Air Furnaces, and Stove Dealer, was born in
Speyer, Rheinpfnlz, Germany, in 1S33. After
passing eight years at school, according to the
laws of that country, and acquiring a fair educa-
tion, he went into his father’s shop, where he learned the
trade of a tinner and stove manufacturer. Like many of
the youth of his country, he h id determined to make the
United States his home, and having become a thorough
master of his trade, he left home and landed at New York
when seventeen years of age, and in the following year
(1S51) arrived in Cincinnati, where lie has ever since re-
sided. For four years he worked as a journeyman at his
trade; but following the true German type of thrift, and
having laid by a few hundred dollars during these four
years, he started in business for himself in 1S55. With
some changes in location, demanded by the exigencies of
his trade, he has steadily moved onward, his business rap-
idly increasing every year. His success had been so great,
and the demand upon his resources so pressing, that in 1S71
he was obliged to erect his present large establishment on
M tin street opposite the Court House. Departing some-
what from the ordinary routine of the tin and stove trade,
he has for many years made a specialty of warm air fur-
naces and school-house ventilating stoves, and on these he
has received several letters patent from the United States
government. These improvements combine those essentials
that are mostly requisite for both heating and ventilating
houses of assembly, and thus securing and maintaining the
best possible condition of health of mind and body. After
having tested these thoroughly for ten years in the public
schools, the Hoard of education in Cincinnati has recently,
in a most flattering manner, pronounced these furnaces and
stove-) tc be the best now in use for the purposes for which

they are designed, lie has also received from various
' parts of the United Stales numerous emphatic indorsements
I of the value ol these heating appliances. In all ol the Ciu-
! cinnuli Industrial expositions his wares in this line have
taken the first premium; and at the great Vienna Exhibi-
tion of 1S73, where 1 is laudable enterprise had led him to
make a fine display at a great outlay, he was awarded the
gold medal. From the smallest of beginnings twenty years
ago, he has risen to be one of the most successful and sub-
stantial tradesmen and manufacturers of the kind in the
country. His reputation and success are certainly the result
of hard labor, careful study, lung-continued experiment,
and straightforward dealing. In this latter connection it
may be remarked that throughout his entire career in busi-
ness he has never given his note or purchased more mater-
ial than he could pay for on demand ; nor has he ever
appeared in court as defendant in any suit. He is one of
those men who take time during their business successes to
devote themselves largely to the public and social affairs of the
community. He is President of the Workhouse Hoard of
Directors; is a member of the Hoard of Trade, and of a
very large number of the social and business organizations
of the city. He has been concerned in all the expositions
held in the city, and has been prominent in most of the
enterprises which have been instrumental in promoting the
welfare and prosperity of Cincinnati. During the late civil
war he served for a few months in the field, in the 6th Cin-
cinnati Volunteer Militia, and in various ways displayed his
attachment to his adopted country. Some w hile after his
successful business life commenced his father joined him
with the rest of the family, and was connected with him in
business. During his absence at the Vienna Exposition of
1873, l'is father died. Personally Mr. Grossius is a man of
fine appearance, in the very prime of life, and is certainly
one of Cincinnati’s most noteworthy and successful self-
made men. lie was married in 1856 to Paulina Keschner,
formerly of Prussia.

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^"OMI.EY, JAMES M., Journalist and Postmaster
of Columbus, son of Bezaleel and Margaret
(Stewart) Cotnley, was born in Perry county,
Ohio, March 6th, 1S32. His parents were Penn-
sylvanians— his father of English, his mother of
Scotch-Irish descent — and came to Ohio in 1804.
He was educated in the public schools of Columbus, and
studied law with Attorney-General Wolcutt. lie was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1S59, and practised law until the
breaking out of the war. He entered the United States
service in June, 1 86 1 , and on the I2th of August was ap-
pointed I.ieutenant-Colonel of the 43d Ohio Infantry.
After some time spent at Camp Chase, he gave up the
Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 43d for the appointment of
Major of the 23d Ohio Infantry, then in the field, for the
sake of getting more speedily into active service. He was

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BIOGRAPII ICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

439

mustered as Major on l lie 3 1 of October, 1861, and com-
manded l lie regiment in every action in which it was sub- j
sequently engaged, except for a short time in the morning
at the battle of South Mountain, lie was eventually made
Colonel of the regiment and lirevel brigadier General, to
date from March I jilt, 1865 — the latter position having
been earned by gallant and faithful service in the held.

1 1 is history in the field may best be read in the history of
the regiment he commanded so long and led to so much
honor. General Com ley, after the war, became editor and
part owner of the Ohio Stott Journal, in which position
he has displayed marked ability as a writer and politician,
making that paper one of the most able and popular journals ^
in the State. During the war he married Elizabeth Marion
Smith, daughter of Surgeon-General Smith, of Columbus,
lie was appointed Postmaster of Columbus by General
Grant in lS70,and reappointed in 1874. lie still holds the
position

EIDELBACII, PHILIP, Merchant and Banker of
Cincinnati, was born at Pfarrweisach, Bavaria,
June 25th, 1814. lie is the son of David and
Ileffe Heidelbach. 1 1 is parents were unable to
^ give him a school education, and he was early
inured to a life of toil. At thirteen he was ap-
prenticed to a butcher for two years, then worked as a
journeyman until he came of age, in 1835. During this
time he had, besides assisting in the support of his parents,
saved enough to purchase a passage ticket to New York,
where he landed in 1836. lie was now without money or
friends; but finding a person who was willing to vouch for
his honesty, he bought eight dollars’ worth of goods on
credit, and commenced peddling on the street. lie was,
of course, totally ignorant of the English language and the
customs of the country, but in three months he had dis-
charged his indebtedness and had a capital of £150. One-
third of this he sent to his parents, and invested the rest in a
stock of goods, with which he started to what he thought a
more profitable field in the West. He made this trip on
foot, carrying his goods on his back, staying of nights at
farm-houses, where his fare for supper, bed, and breakfast
was pretty generally “a quarter,” and finally, in the spring
of 1837, arrived in Cincinnati, having had a very prosper-
ous business season. He now engaged with great energy
in his wandering business over parts of Ohio and Indiana
adjacent to Cincinnati, and by the following autumn had
accumulated a capital of nearly $ 2000 . He then ntel

Jacob Seasongood, who was engaged in the same business,
and they united their capitals under the name of Heidel-
bach & Seasongood, and pushed forward with great energy,
until their accumulations became so large that in March,
1840, they abandoned peddling and established their cloth-
ing house in Cincinnati. Their business grew beyond their
expectation, and in 1842 they were compelled to open an-

other house on Main and 1’earl streets, where they carried
on a jobbing and retail dry-goods trade. Max and Simon,
his brothers, now arrived from 'Germany, and were admitted
as partners in the house, under the firm-name of Heidel-
bach, Seasongood 8: Co. In 1849 Simon died of cholera.
They soon removed their Main street house to 18 Pearl
street, and built a wholesale clothing establishment and
warehouse on Front street. They afterwards united their
two houses in one at Third and Main streets, where they
remained with their usual success until in i860, when they
took possession of the elegant block of buildings w hich they
had erected on Third and Vine streets. In 1S62 he be-
came associated in the banking house of Espy, Heidelbach
8: Co., in which he still continues, and which is known as
one of the "leading private hanking firms of the West.
Alter a rarely successful and harmonious partnership ex-
tending over thirty years, the firm of Heidelbach, Season-
good 8: Co. was dissolved by mutual consent, Mr. Heidel-
bach retiring. 11 is life presents one of the exceptional
instances of thrift and money-getting. He is now one of
the wealthiest men of Cincinnati. He has, moreover,
acquired a good education, and a reputation for business
shrewdness, integrity, and strong practical common sense of
which he may well be proud. He is not behind other
wealthy men in a liberal display of public spirit and benev-
olence, and will always stand prominent as one of the
noteworthy self-made men of the century. January 1st,
1840, he was married to Hannah Sweser, whose acquain-
tance he had enjoyed in Germany, They had six children.
Two died in infancy; Henrietta is now the wife of Louis
Rindskopf, of New York; Louis is in the bank with his
father ; Jennie was the wife of Isaac Ickleheimer, of New
York ; and Ida was recently married at their residence on
Fourth street.

^OOMIS, BENNET J., Lawyer and Journalist, son
of Jonathan and Cynthia (Spencer) Loomis, was
born on June 8lh, 1831, in Jefferson, Ashtabula
county, Ohio, lie received a good public school
education, and commenced preparatory studies
for college in Kingsville Academy, and afterward
in Grand River Institute, Austinburg. 1 1 is health failing
here, his studies were discontinued and never resumed. So
W'ell had he improved his advantages that when but a boy
of seventeen he took charge of a district school, filling the
position with entire satisfaction to the people. He cast his
first vote in 1852 for Franklin Pierce, and in 1853 he estab-
lished a Democratic journal in his native town, but W'as in-
duced by the liberality of the citizens of Geneva to remove
his office to their village during the following fall, lie
came into public life during the political storm that swept
over the country, occasioned by the passage of the Kansas*
Nebraska bill by Gongrcss in 1854. Having from strong
convictions of duty opposed the act, and his course not

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

meeting with l lie approbation of either ol the parlies ot that
day, he sold Iris press, and in 1855 removed to Cleveland,
lie acted as City Editor of the Leader for neatly a year,
and subsequently for a short lime occupied a similar posi-
tion on the Ptuindeu/er. lie was elected Enrolling Cletb
of the Ohio House of Representatives in 185S. Having
read law under the tutorship of lions. D. K. Cartter and J.
L Elwell, of Cleveland, he was admitted to the bar in
1859, and followed the profession in Cleveland until 1S63,
during which lime (January, 1862,) he was chosen Journal
Cletk of the Senate. In 1864-65 he occupied the same
position in the House. In 1866, and again in 1872, he was
chosen to the Chief Clerkship of the House. He married,
October 1 7 th, 1S54, Julia E. Slater, of Geneva, Ohio, and
she dying in November, 1868, he married, in 1873, llallie
C. Yocman (Graham) of Chicago. The Wyandotte Demo-
crat, edited by lion. L. A. Brunner, thus spoke of his
public services: “Mr. Loomis was an efficient public
officer, as is indicated by the frequency with which he re-
ceived the party’s indorsement for the different clerkships
in the Senate and House. The readiness and facility with
which he despatched business, his extraordinary industry
and fidelity, and the untiring vigilance with which he
watched over the details of the department over which he
had supervision, was without doubt the reason he was so
often called to such responsible positions in the Legisla-
ture.” When the Chronicle was established in Cincinnati,
in March, 1S6S, he was connected with it as one of its
editors, and afterwards for some months, in the year 1869,
held the position of Washington Correspondent for that
paper and the Cleveland Herald and Chicago Post. With
only an interval of about sixteen months, above indicated,
he has been the Columbus Correspondent on the staff of the
Cincinnati Commercial since 1865, and has served in like
capacity for the Cleveland Herald since January, 1S63.
Mr. Loomis is an industrious, active, energetic man, and
from long acquaintance with public men, and a knowledge
of the political measures that have agitated the public for
the last twenty years, is entirely competent to discharge the
intricate and laborious duties of Correspondent for two of
the leading journals in the State. In politics he is a Re-
publican of the strictest sort, lie is a resident of Colum-
bus, a man of family, and a gentleman of standing and
integrity. Also a prominent member of the First Baptist
Church.

I LI ENT UAL, REV. DR. MAX, Rabbi, was born
(, /II Y 1815 in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, and
(J)\ Jh) was from boyhood educated for the Jewish min-
(n1 (T_ istry. After completing a course in the high
schools, he entered the university of that city
passed with eminence the examinations of the
philosophical and theological faculties, and graduated in

1837 as Doctor of Philosophy. Having contributed several
scientific articles to the Jewish periodicals of that time, he
received in 1839 a call as Director of the Hebrew School
to be opened in Riga, Russia. ’1 be Russian Embassy of
Munich recommended him highly to the Secretaries of the
Interim and o. Public Instruction in St. Petersburg, and he
was received by them in the most encouraging manner.
For his inaugural address at the opening of the new school
he was rewarded by the Emperor Nicholas with a costly
diamond ring, l'he school under his direction made such
rapid progress that the imperial government ordered him to
travel through the seventeen western provinces of the
empire, to encourage his co-religionists in opening schools,
and to preoare them for the plans inaugurated by the gov-
ernment for 'their better secular instruction. He performed
this arduous and important mission in 1842, to the entire
satisfaction Of the Minister of Public Instruction, and was
summoned to St. Petersburg as Councillor in this depart-
ment. There he stayed until 1845, preparing the plans for
primary, intermediate, and Hebrew high schools, and would
have remained in the Russian service if Nicholas had not
issued some orders tending to the conversion of the Jews to
the Greek- Russian Church. To such an undertaking he
would not lend a helping hand, as he is an uncompromising
advocate of civil and religious liberty. He at once resigned
his office, left the empire, and sailed with his wife for
America. He arrived in New York, and was immediately
elected Rabbi of three congregations — an office which he
resigned for the purpose of opening a Jewish boarding-
school. lie continued at this with great success until the
health of his wife failed, and he accepted, in 1855, a unani-
mous call as Rabbi of one of the flourishing congregations
of Cincinnati, a position w'ftich he now occupies. Soon
after his arrival in that city he was elected a member of the
Public Board of Education. He held that office for four-
teen years ; introduced in the public schools instruction in
object lessons, published a manual for that purpose, and in-
troduced other important improvements both in the inter-
mediate and high schools. In 1S72 he was elected
Director of the Board of the Cincinnati University, in whose
future success he takes the liveliest interest. He has been
Director of the City Relief Union since 1S61. He is
widely known as an orator and lecturer, and as such is
highly appreciated. Since 1874 he assumed the editorship
of the Hebrew Sabbath-School Visitor, the only organ of this
kind in this country. lie is at present engaged in prepar-
ing for publication several volumes on Jewish theology,
besides sermons, poems, and lessons on morals for the
public schools. Though a classical scholar, Rabbi Lilien-
tlial sides with those who advocate the scientific courses of
instruction. Progress, liberty, the common Fatherhood of
God, and the common brotherhood of men are the leading
principles of his life and his writings. Though advanced
in years, he is of vigorous health and constitution, and much
good may yet be expected of this liberal theologian.

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441

'RAKE, DANIEL, Physician, Professor, ami
Author, was horn at Plainfield, Essex county,
New Jersey, October 201I1, 17X5. Three years
later Ohio was settled, and Ins parents at this
time emigrated to Kentucky, settling at Mayxlick.
Until the aye of fifteen he underwent the rudest
experiences of backwoods life. At this period he moved to
Cincinnati and became a medical student under Dr. Wil-
liam Goforth, who was the first to introduce vaccination in
the West. Here his good manners and easy address ad-
mitted him into the best society, but he never allowed the
conviviality of the times to interfere with the ambition of
his life. He was the first student of medicine in Cincin-
nati. In 1S04 he became a partner in the business of his
preceptor, which was that of apothecary as well as physi-
cian. But the business was not successful from a pecuniary
view, and after experiencing many hardships, in 1S05 the
pupil moved to Philadelphia to attend a course of lectures
in the leading university there. He had just sufficient
means to gain admission, being left with a single cent after
paying his expenses. In the spring of lSo6 he returned to
Cincinnati, and a year later he succeeded to the business
of his old preceptor, who had gone to Louisiana. He at
once entered upon successful practice, and in the autumn
of 1S07 was married to Harriet Sisson, niece of Colonel
Jared Mansfield, then Surveyor-General of the United Stales
for the Northwest Territory. This union lasted eighteen
years, and was an eminently happy one. At this time he
began those researches which made him a wiiter and a
savant. With an ardent enthusiasm he entered into the
investigation of the trace of an ancient civilization in the
Ohio valley. 11 is researches into the botany of the Miami
valley were also very valuable. In 1810 he published a
pamphlet entitled “ Notices of Cincinnati ; its Topography,
Climate, and Diseases.” The success of this work, though
but a small edition was issued, led to his more elaborate
and complete “ Picture of Cincinnati and the Miami
Country,” in 1S15. This work is now very rare and highly
valued. In 1S14 he associated his brother Benjamin with
him as a partner, and added the business of grocer to that
of druggist. He was also much interested in the Lancaster
Seminary, which was the original foundation of the Cincin-
nati College. After his “Picture of Cincinnati” was
published he again visited Philadelphia to attend a course
of lectures, accompanied by his wife. In May, 1816, he
returned to his home, being the first resident of Cincinnati
to receive a diploma from the East. He now increased his
business, fiis father becoming a member of the firm. In
1817 he accepted a professorship in the medical college at
Lexington, Kentucky, and soon after entered upon his
long and distinguished career as a public teacher of medi-
cine. In 1818 he devised the plan of the Cincinnati Col-
lege, the Medical College, and the Commercial Hospital.
The Medical College of Ohio became an established fact
in 1820. In the next two years he met with reverses in

5r>

business, and his affairs had to be wound up. In the sum-
mer of 1824 he was appointed to a professorship in the
Transylvania University, at Lexington. In the winter of
1 823-24 he wrote a series of political articles for the Cin-
cinnati Gazette, warmly advocating the nomination of
Henry Clay for the Presidency. He was a very active pol-
itician, but not of the office-seeking class. He was a great
admirer of Clay and Adams. In 1825 he 1 ad the misfor-
tune to lose his wife, to whom he was devotedly attached.
He soon after returned to the college at Lexington, but re-
signed in the spring of 1826. In 1827 he established the
IVes/ern Journal of Medical Sciences and the Cincinnati
Eye Infirmary. In a very short time he was a well-known
writer on medical subjects — a journalist and author of high
reputation. After three years in this field he was elected a
Professor in the Jellerson Medical College, of Philadelphia,
and arrived there for the third time. When the cholera
epidemic had broken out he had returned to the West, and
he was an incessant laborer among its victims. He wrote a
work about this time entitled “A Practical Treatise on the
History, Prevention, and Treatment of Epidemic Cholera.”
In 1835 l'e became interested in the construction of the
Cincinnati 8: Charleston Railway. He originated the
scheme. He also took steps to reorganize the Medical
College of Ohio. A few years later he removed to Louis-
ville, and in 1849 was called again to a chair in the Medi-
cal College ol Ohio, lie was cut off in the midst of his
labors here, dying November 5th, 1852, after an illness of
about a fortnight. His last appearance in public was at a
meeting to honor the memory of Daniel Webster. His life
had been one of varied labor and much hardship, but he
ever maintained an attachment for the purest of principles,
and his intimates say that he \v;A never possessed of a single
vice. Although he was long poor, he paid his debts to the
uttermost farthing, and “ pay what thou owest ” was with
him a golden maxim.

ITT, STILLMAN, Railroad President and Capital-
ist, was born in Worcester county, Massachusetts,
January 4th, 1808. 1 1 is father being poor, he

received only a common school education. When
thirteen years of age he was taken to Troy, New
York, where he. was employed to run a skiff ferry
at ten dollars per month. Canvoss White, of the United
States Engineer Corps, crossed the ferry often, and, sur-
prised by the interest he manifested in construction, ob-
tained permission from the boy’s father to educate him in
his own profession, lie was soon able to master the prin-
ciples of engineering and to apply them. He was then
sent by his friend and employer to take charge of the
Cohoes Manufacturing Company. He surveyed and laid
out the village and arranged the water power. This work
accomplished, he was despatched to construct the bridge
across the Susquehanna at the mouth of the Juniata river.

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1 SIOG RAl'lII CA L. EN C Y C LOP/E D I A .

He then went to Louisville, where he spent a year and a
half in iniihling the Louisville & Portland Canal. Still re-
taining hia connection with Mr. While, he removed to
Alluny, when- In' became Agent ol the Hudson kivci
Steamboat Association. Subsequently he was appointed
Manager of the Albany & Boston R.fclroad Company, and
retained the position eight years, lie then visited Cleve-
land, where efforts were being put forth to construct a rail-
road to Columbus. There were difficulties in the way of
finding experienced builders w ho would contract to build
the road and take the greater part of their pay in stock.
Finally the firm of Harbach, Stone & Witt was formed for
building the road. The road was completed and opened
in 1851. A contract for the construction of the Cleveland,
I’ainesville & Ashtabula was then made, and the road fin-
ished by Stone & Witt after the death of Mr. Harbach.
The same firm next constructed the Chicago <S: Milwaukee
Railroad, and operated it some time after its completion,
lie was at different times chosen Director in the Michigan
Southern ; Cleveland, Columbus, ( incinnati & I ndianapolis ;
Cleveland, l’ainesville & Ashtabula; Chicago & Milwaukee,
and Bellefontaine & Indiana Railroad Companies, lie had
large investments in the last-named road, but for a long
time it was unremunerative, and it was only by his great
efforts that it did not go into bankruptcy. The stock was
unsalable at any price ; but he had faith in its final success,
and his faith and works were finally rewarded, as the stock
rose considerably above par. Subsequently it was consoli-
dated with the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad.
John Trough had been made President of the company, and
was his trusted aid in carrying out his measures. In 1863
the political situation in Ohio was very grave, the sympa-
thizers with the secession war having become numerous
and defiant. He urged Mr. Brough — who had been a
very prominent Democrat, but had abandoned politics in
disgust — to accept the nomination for Governor of the
Union party, and olfered to perform his duties in the rail-
road company and transfer the salary to Mr. Brough, who
was too poor to sacrifice his position for the inadequately
paid office of Governor. The promise to Mr. Brough was
kept, and in every way possible he manifested his regard
for him. On the death of Governor Brough, in 1S65,
which occurred in Cleveland, he took charge of his de-
ceased friend’s affairs, and the 520,000 which he had orig-
inally given to Governor Brough became, by careful man-
agement for his family, upwards of 566,000. The affection
of these two men for each other was strong and lasting.
Not less so was the regard in which he held, and was held
by, the late Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. He was
active in aiding Stanton and giving him moral and material
encouragement when he greatly needed both in his onerous
position. When Stanton retired from office, broken down
in health and spirits, and poor in purse, he forced upon him
a gift <if 55000, that he might find much-needed rest and
recuperation in travel. On the death of Governor Brough

he was elected President of the Bellefontaine & Indiana
Railroad, and retained that position until the consolidation.
Besides his position on the directory of the different mil-
roads in which he was interested, he was Director ol the
Second National and Commercial National Banks of Cleve-
land, and President of the Sun Insurance Company, Union
Steel Screw Company, and Cleveland Box Machine Com-
pany. He was justly ranked among benevolent, public-
spirited citizens of Cleveland, and deservedly enjoyed the
esteem and gratitude of the community at large. Integrity
and industry were leading traits in his character. He died
at sea, April 29th, 1875, while on his way to Europe for the
benefit of his health. He was married in June, 1834,10
Eliza A. Douglass, of Albany. Of his two surviving daugh-
ters, Mary was married to Daniel P. Eells, of Cleveland,
and Emma to Colonel W. II. Harris, of the United States
army.

[jiTjOYT, FRANCIS SOUTIIACK, A. M., I). IX,
Editor of the Western Christian Advocate, and
one of the most scholarly, enthusiastic, and suc-
cessful business ministers 111 the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, was born November 5th, 1822, in
Lindon, Vermont. His father, Benjamin R.
Hoyt, who died at the age of eighty-four, was one of the
pioneer preachers of Methodism in the New England
States, was at one time Presiding Elder over the greater
part of those States, and one of the Trustees of Wesleyan
University at the time his sons were students in that institu-
tion. Dr. Hoyt is brother to Benjamin Thomas Hoyt,
A. M., deceased, late Professor of Latin, Belles Leltres,
and History in Asbury University, at Greencastle, Indiana;
also brother of Colonel Albert Harrison Hoyt, editor of the
New England Historical and Genealogical Register.”
These brothers are graduates of the Wesleyan University,
at Middletown, Connecticut, the subject of this sketch
graduating in the class of 1844. In 1847 he received the
degree of Master of Arts from that college. Dr. Hoyt’s
early years were spent on his father’s farm. Here he
worked and prepared for college. At the age ofseventeen
he commenced his college career. Two years after his
graduation Dr. Hoyt entered the ministry, preaching and
continuing to teach until 1S50, when, under the auspices of
the mission society of the church, he w'as sent to Oregon to
take charge of the school at Salem. After the Indians
passed au'ay the old mission school was converted into a
select institution for the incoming civilized tide. This was
soon known as the Oregon Institute, and during Dr. Hoyt's
connection with it it developed into the Willamette Uni-
versity. It now has a medical and law department, and is
the most successful educational institution on the Pacific.
Here Dr. Hoyt remained until i860, being elected Presi-
dent in 1854, and tilling this office until he was called to
represent the Oregon Conference in the General Conference

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

443

at Buffalo, New York, in l86o,at which time lie was chosen
Professor of Chemistry in the Ohio Wesleyan University at
Delaware. This position he accepted and removed to Dela-
ware. For lie. iily twelve years Dr. Iloyt’s connection with
this institution remained uninterrupted. In 1865 he was
transferred to the department of Biblical Theology in the
University. In 1872 he was again sent as delegate to the
General Conference. At this lime he was made Editor-in-
Chiel of the Western Christian Advocate, and consequently
removed to Cincinnati. This position he still occupies.
'The Advocate, o( which Dr. lloyt is editor, is one of the
most popular and ably conducted papers under the auspices
and patronage of the Methodist Church. Few denomina-
tional papers in the country have a larger circulation. After
Dr. Hoyt’s retirement from Wesleyan University he received
the degree of D. D. from Baldwin University. Although
Dr. Hoyt is fifty-two years of age, he seems to be in the
very prime of life. He is a man of great and true powers
of mind, full of the milk of human kindness, incapable of a
mean sentiment, and still full of enthusiasm in his life of
well-doing.

•C&

REST. I., IION. Ol ltd, Lawyer, of Columbus,
Ohio, has a peculiar history, marked with a
variety of striking events. In the ordinary inter-
courses of life a man of his marked ability, with
positive convictions, and great moral and physical
courage, will necessarily encounter sharp conflicts
with those of opposite views. Though a man of great firm-
ness, he is courteous and gentlemanly, recognizing in all the
full right of personal independence in the maintenance of
their opinions. But aside from the ordinary conflicts of
opinion, Mr. Diesel has encountered some trying ordeals in
the advocacy of his principles, as will appear in the follow-
ing sketch. He was born in the year 1S24, in Dclmold, the
capital of I .ippe, only two miles from the battle-field, wlrere,
about the time of the Saviour’s birth, Arminius delivered
Germany from the Roman yoke by a most signal defeat of
the invading foe. 'This fact may have been to him an
inspiration in the cause of civil liberty. After closing a
thorough collegiate course, in which he made great profi
ciency in scholarly attainments, he studied law, and in due
time entered upon the practice of the profession with the
most Haltering prospects. About this time the revolutionary
movement of 1S4S was inaugurated, in which Mr. Diesel
very naturally became an active participant, and in the fur-
therance of the cause of Republicanism took the editorial
management of a political journal in which certain features
of the government were violently assailed, and the tocsin
of war was sounded. As Mr. Dresel was prominent in the
movement, eflorls were made for his arrest and punishment.
Had his enemies succeeded, it would have subjected him to
a long and humiliating imprisonment, from which he barely
escaped by a precipitate lliglit and the use of various dis-

V

guises. He finally took refuge in the first vessel he reached,
not knowing its destination. His pursuers were close on
his track and searched the vessel with all diligence, but by
the kindness ol the captain he was effectually concealed.
Fortunately the ship was bound lor the United Stales, and
thus by what would seem to be a mere accident, he reached
a country that recognized the great principles for the main-
tenance of which he had become a fugitive from his native
land. In November, 1849, Mr. Diesel reached Baltimore,
a stranger, poor, and friendless, but lie had talent and edu-
cation and energy, and was equal to the emergency, lie
went West, l’rior to his naturalization he was, by special
act of the Ohio Legislature, allowed an examination before
the Supreme Court of this Stale and admitted to the prac-
tice of the law. I11 1S53 he moved to the city of Columbus,
where in clue time he attained a prominent position at the
bar, and secured a remunerative practice. In 1855 he was
married to Louise M. Silbernngel, a daughter of an influen-
tial citizen of Columbus, by whom he has had five children,
the eldest of them being at this date a promising student in
the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Ohio. In the
troublous limes of 1S61 Mr. Dresel was elected a member
of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, from Franklin
county. 'The late war of the rebellion had culminated in an
open conflict. Very rigid measures were adopted to fill up
the ranks and supply material aid to the government, some
of these being regarded by many as usurpations of power,
endangering the liberties of the people. These are among
the things of the past, and are only alluded to as bearing on
an important portion of Mr. Diesel’s history, for, following
out his convictions, he introduced into the Legislature a
series of resolutions denouncing some of these measures as
usurpations of power. Aftct^a most animated and bitter
discussion a resolution to expel him from the body was de-
feated, and a mere vole of censure was passed. At the
ensuing election Mr. Dresel was renominated by acclama-
tion, and elected by an overw helming majority, indicative
of his full vindication in the hearts of the people he repre-
sented. Being a zealous advocate of the principles of the
Democratic parly. Mr. Dresel took an active part in many
Presidential and State campaigns, and was one of the most
popular and successful German “stump” orators in the
West. On the 14th of December, 1864, he resigned his
seat in the Legislature, that he might be enabled to more
fully devote himself to the practice of the law. Although
he has .been fully occupied in professional and private
duties, few have manifested greater public spi lit or accom-
plished more in the advancement of the educational and
other important enterprises of the city. For many years he
served as a member of the Board of Education, and as
chairman of the Committee on Rules and Regulations
drafted the first manual of the Board, and of the Public
Schools, which is still in force and forms the basis for the
action of the former, and the government of the latter. He
has also been an active member of the Board of Trustees

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444

BlOGKARlllCAI. ENCYCLOR.EDIA.

of the Rublic 1 .i hiury ami Reading Room of the city
of Columbus, and lias served as the Secretary from the time
of its first organization to the present, lie lias exercised a
thoughtful oversight ol the institution generally, and espec-
ially ol the (lennan department, making selections ol the
books, classifying and registering them with his own hand,
and providing the reading room with the choicest papers
and magazines. In these as well as all other positions lie-
lias shown himself capable and faithful. Besides being a fine-
general scholar and a man of very unusual iilcrary culture,
Mr. Diesel is a great admirer of the fine arts, and possesses
a natural and highly cultivated taste for music, and is an
amateur performer on several instruments. For some years
lie occupied the position of Musical Director of the Mtenner-
chor, the leading German glee club of Columbus. Under
his leadership the society gave in 1867 and 1868, during
two successive winter seasons at Naughton 1 Fall, a series
of what may be called fashionable concerts, attended by
crowded and appreciative audiences, consisting of the elite
of the city. Since August, 1875, Mr. Diesel has taken
charge of the Ohio State Agency for the Protection Life
Insurance Company of Chicago. Mr. Diesel is so well-
preserved that he would not be taken for a semi-centenarian,
lie is active in his movements, stands or walks erect, is at
least six feet high, and though slender is well-proportioned.
His expressive countenance and blue eyes, when in repose,
indicate a gentle nature and a kind heart, but when aroused,
his contracted brows and flashing eyes reveal that hidden
energy and enthusiasm which have characterized and sus-
tained his eventful and checkered career throughout.

OXLEY, N/YTIIANIEL K., M. D., was born in
Tunbridge, Orange county, Vermont, February
8th, 1818, and was the ninth child in a family of
ten children, whose parents were Thomas Moxley
and Asenath (Flint) Moxley. llix father, a native
of Stonington, Connecticut, followed through life
the profession of medicine, and died in 1846 at Tunbridge,
Vermont, where he had been for many years engaged in
professional labors. 1 1 is mother, also a native of .Stoning-
ton, Connecticut, died in Tunbridge, Vermont, in 1869, at
the advanced age of ninety-two years. On the paternal
side he is of English extraction, and related to various active
participants in the revolutionary conflict, notably four uncles.
On his mother’s side he is of Danish origin, and also finds
there several ancestors who took an active part in the stir-
ring events preceding and following the year 1776. Until
his fifteenth year was attained, his days were passed alter-
nately in attending school during the winter months, and in
laboring on a farm through the summer seasons. In 1S34
he commenced an academical course of study at Royalton,
Vermont, and remained there as a student for about four
years, lie then returned to Tunbridge, Vermont, and

began the reading of medicine under the supervision of C.
B. Chandler, a prominent physician of his new location.
At the expiration of two years consumed in diligent research,
he moved to Randolph, Vermont, where he continued the
study of medicine until the lull ol 1891, and after attending
medical lectures at Dartmouth College, and at Woodstock,
Vermont, graduated at the Vermont University, in Burling-
ton. In the course ol the same year he removed to Ohio,
and practised about eighteen months in Whcelersburg,
Scioto county. In July, 1843, he settled at Fine Grove
Furnace, Lawrence county, where he remained until 1847,
when, on account of impaired health, he returned to Scioto
county, and there continued employed in professional labors
until January, 1852, when he moved to Ironton, Lawrence
county, where, while sustaining unabatedly the practice of
medicine, he opened also a commodious store for the sale
and dispensing of drugs. At the present time he is recog-
nized as one of the leading physicians of Ironton, and in
addition is known as the reliable and successful head of a
large drug business. In February, 1873, the Miami Uni-
versity of Ohio conferred upon him the honorary degree of
ad c undent, and in 1868 the Ohio Wesleyan University
conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M. For
seven years lie has been a member of the City Council of
Ironton; for twenty live years has been a member of the
Board of Education of the Ironton schools; and since 1859
has served efficiently on the County Board of School Exam-
iners. Also for many years lie has been a valued and prom-
inent member of the Lawrence County Medical Society,
and of the Ohio Valley Medical Association. During the
progress of the rebellion, he officiated as County Surgeon
of Lawrence county. For many years also he has been a
prominent member of the MVsonic and Odd Fellow frater-
nities; for six years has served as Master of Lawrence
Lodge, F. and A. M., and is the present King of the Chap-
ter; and Noble Grand of Ironton Lodge, I. O. O. F. His
initial vote was cast in favor of General Harrison. Relig-
iously he is a Congregalionalist, and is a deacon of his
church. Ilis integrity of character, entirely unassailable,
is admirably paralleled by his tireless and well-directed
energy and industry, lie was married in November, 1848,
to Sophia McConnell, a native of Scioto county, Ohio, and
has four children — three daughters and one son.

ARY, DANIEL IF, Lawyer, Zanesville, Ohio,
was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 12th, 1823,
his parents being natives of New Hampshire, to
which they returned when he w-ax ten years old,
settling at Keene, where he attended school until
eighteen years of age. He then commenced to
learn the trade of cabinet-maker under Abel Wilder, with
whom he served not quite three years, and then as a jour-
neyman worked at his trade for about five years. In 1847

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BIOGRAPHICAL EN( YCl.OP.EDIA.

445

lie went to Worcester, Massachusetts, aiul worked at car-
building in the factory of Bradley Rice, where he re-
mained until 1850, when lie went to Columbus, Ohio, and
continued his trade in the car -shops of Railway & Kimble
until May 1 (lit, 1S5 1 , wliou he went to Zanesville, Ohio,
where he has since resided. At Inst he found employment
in the ear-shops of Douglas Smith A Co., and there stayed
four years. In the latter part of 1 85 5 he commenced the
study of law with James Harper, and under Colonel Wil-
liam II. Ball he finished reading, March 301I1, 1 857, at
which date he was admitted to the bar as a practising law-
yer. lie has been engaged in active pursuit of his profes-
sion ever since, with the exception of the period of his ser-
vice in the army. He joined and was mustered into service
October 22d, 1 862, as Captain of Company I, I22d Ohio
Volunteers, and held the position for seventeen months,
when he was honorably discharged on account of sickness
which rendered him unfit for duty. In 1843 he was married
to Sophronia C. Thatcher, who died February 2d, 1851. On
October 1 6th, 1831, he was married to Mary Little, who
was killed by the falling of the market-house, January 24th,
1863. He was married a third time, on November 1 6th,
1865, to Roxanna M. Helmick. He has held the position
of Prosecuting Attorney for the county. At present he is
engaged in a large and lucrative practice, and is highly
esteemed for his many good qualities.

IGEI.OW, ASA, Physician, was born, May 2d,
1S20, in Peru, Bennington county, Vermont.
His parents, Reuben Bigelow and Abigail
Brooks, were Americans of Welsh ancestry.
His father settled in Peru about the year 1798,
purchasing two farms for til ty cents. One of
these farms he afterwards sold, and on the other raised
twelve children. Reuben Bigelow was a man of force and
prominence, and served several years in the Legislature of
Vermont. In 1822 a family meeting was held, at which
eleven children were present. Fifty years later the family
had a second reunion, but three had passed away. Seven
of the children were girls and five boys, of whom Asa is the
youngest. Their ages average sixty-four years and their
weight one hundred and eighty-four pounds. Eight of the
children are still living. Asa laid the foundation of his
education at the academies in Chester and Braltleborough,
Vermont. Leaving school, he read medicine with Dr. I..
G. Whiting, at Londonderry, Vermont, graduating at Wood-
stock, in that Stale, March 10th, 1840. For three years and
a half after leaving college he practised medicine in Wind-
ham, and then joined his old preceptor in Londonderry.
In the spring of 1845 lie went to Attica, Fountain county,
Indiana, where he pursued his profession with gratifying
success for twenty-six years, 1 1 is skilful surgical operations
gave lnm wide fame. In January, 1862, he was commis-

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sioneil Surgeon of the 3d Illinois Cavalry ; was at the battle
of Pea Ridge, and left the army in October of the same
year to settle in Toledo, Ohio, where he has since resided.
His large practice in medicine and surgery has come ;iS the
result of a mind fitted for the work, added to a zealous love
for his profession. His medical brethren have not been slow
to recognize and acknowledge his ability and skill. Dr.
Bigelow is an active and useful member of the Medical As-
sociation of Toledo. February 141I1, 1848, he married Mary
L. I.amont, at Attica, Indiana, who died December 2d, 1850,
leaving an infant boy, wdio soon followed his mother. Oc-
tober 41I1, 1853, Dr. Bigelow married Martha A. Scott, of
Fountain county, Indiana; of this union four children were
born, three of whom, one girl and two boys, are now living.

SSIII.EY, JAMES M., Editor and I.awyer, ex-
member of Congress and ex-Governor of Mon-
tana, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania,
November 14th, 1824. His parents were natives
of America, of English and Scotch extraction.
His early education was acquired at home, under
the guidance of his father and mother. In 1S41 he entered
the printing office of the Sciola Willey Republican , edited
by William P. Camden, and subsequently was employed in
various printing offices until he became in 1848 editor and
proprietor of the Democrat , in Portsmouth, Ohio. During
his experience as an editor he studied law with Charles
Oscar Tracy, under whom he prosecuted his studies until
he was admitted to the bar in 1S49, shortly after which he
relinquished his connection with the Democrat. The en-
suing two years were passed in Portsmouth in the office of
his former preceptor in the practice of his profession. In
the fall of 1851 he moved to Toledo, Ohio', and there, with
the exception of temporary absences on official business, he
has permanently resided. In 1858 he was elected as a radi-
cal anti-slavery man to the Thirty-sixth Congress from the
then Fifth District of Ohio. To this honorable position he
was consecutively re-electeu in i860, 1S62, 1864 and 1866.
While in Congress, during Buchanan’s administration, he
delivered two speeches which dealt ably with the momentous
questions of the hour. In the second speech, after the elec-
tion of Mr. Lincoln, he anticipated the great events of the
approaching war, and drew attention to the vital issues pre-
sented. It stands recorded as a masterly, an eloquent oration
in the interest of unity and peace, and was recognized as a
statesmanlike view of a political situation. In 1863 and
1864 lie had charge in the House of Representatives of the
Constitutional amendment for the abolishment of slavery in
the United States, which was, as history tells, carried in the
House of Representatives by the aid of Democratic votes
and became part of the Constitution. While that amend-
ment was under consideration he delivered a speech in its
favor, which added in no small degree to his reputation for

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446

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP.-KDIA.

ability and broad, liberal views. March 1 2th, 1863, lie re-
| lolled from 1 1 is conimillee llie Inst reconstruction bill intro-
(lined in either House of ( 'tutoress, and subsequently de
livered several speeches in favor of the plan of reconstruction
which lie provided for in his first bill. In 1S66 lie introduced
the original resolution for the impeachment of Andrew Jolin-
son, President of the United States, which was referred to
the Judiciary Committee. The evidence presented to the
committee was reported upon, and finally a resolution was
pissed by the I louse impeaching the President. In 1X69
he was appointed by General Ulysses S. Grant Governor
of Montana, but in 1S71 was removed by him for alleged
unfriendly criticism of his administration. At the present
time he is engaged in the practice of law in Toledo, Ohio.
In 1S72 he voted for Horace Greeley, and has acted since
with the Democrats and liberal Republicans. He was mar-
ried, in November, 1851, to Emma J. Smith, of Kentucky.

ORRIS, REV. ROBERT DESHA, D. D., Clergy-
111111, was born in Washington, Mason county,
Kentucky, August 221I, 1S14. lie is the eldest
son of Colonel Joseph Morris, who removed from
New Jersey to Kentucky in 1794. The Morris
family — Maur-rwyce: literally, “warlike, power-
ful”— trace their descent from a chieftain primogenitor in
Wales in 933. In later times, they had important com
mauds, and fought in the battles of the Parliament against
Charles I. ; but after the death of Cromwell they were ob-
liged to flee from Monmouthshire to escape the vengeance
of Charles IP, and look refuge in the Island of Barb.uloes.
Krom this island his fourth grandfather, Lewis Morris, soon
after sailed for New Jersey, and settled in that part now
termed Monmouth county, where he was one of the Judges
ol the first Monmouth court. Another branch of the family,
about the same time, settled at and gave the name to
Morrisania, New York, and have become famous in the
history of the country. II is paternal grandfather was in
the revolutionary war, and having been taken prisoner,
was confined with many other patriots in the “Old Sugar
House,” in Liberty street, New Yoik, where they endured
untold sufferings, pounded glass being sometimes mingled
with their miserable food. Ilis maternal ancestors, the
Deslias, fled from La Rochelle on the Revocation of the
Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV. in 1685, and came to New
Rochelle, New York. They subsequently settled on the
Delaware, above the Water Gap, where they lived many
years. In 1784 the Deslias and the Over 'fields emigrated
to Kentucky. They were with the Kentons, Simon and
John, in their stations, and shared in their struggles with
frontier life and the merciless Indian. His mother being
descended from the Huguenot stock, held tenaciously to
the Reformed or Calvinistic faith. Her only son early im-
bibed these tenets, to which lie has steadfastly adhered.

Having been prepared at Bracken Academy, Augusta, Ken-
tucky, he entered Augusta College in the same place, and
altci a lour years' course graduated August 7th, 1X34. lie
then went to the Theological Seminary, Princeton, New
Jersey, where he completed another four-years' course, Sep-
tember 24th, 1S3S. During vacations he attended lectures
at the theological department of Vale College, and travelled
extensively over the country. He was licensed to preach
by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, in that city, April iSth,
1838. His first sermon was preached in the Presbyterian
Church at Newtown, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, April
22d, 1838, and his second discourse was delivered on the
afternoon of the same day in the old Ben Salem Presbyterian
Church, near the Philadelphia line. Having been called to
Newtown, 'in August following he was ordained and installed
pastor of that church by the Second Presbytery of Philadel-
phia, October 23d, 1838, and sustained that relation for
eighteen years. 11c removed thence to Oxford, Ohio, where
he has been for over sixteen years President of Oxford Fe-
male College. He received the honorary degree of D. I),
from Centre College, Kentucky, June, 1S70. He was mar-
ried, May 3d, 1842, to Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of
Matthew I,. Bevan, an eminent merchant and Christian
gentleman of Philadelphia. The old Newtown Church was
built before the Revolution, and had many historic associa-
tions. Washington’s head quarters were near by, and w hen
the Hessians were captured over at Trenton, almost in sight,
many of them w'ere lodged within the solid stone walls of
the old church. A British officer, annoyed at the curious
crowds, took a piece of charcoal and wrote on the wall op-
posite the pulpit :

In times of war, anJ not before,

God and the soldier men adore ;

When the war is o’er, and all things righted,

The Lord’s forgot and the soldier slighted.

These memories aided not a little to increase the zeal of
the young pastor; and the old church was renovated and
enlarged, and continues to flourish. Besides diligent atten-
tion to his pastoral duties, he was abundant in labors and
in preaching and planting churches in other places. Several
important churches in Bucks county ow'e their formation to
his persistent efforts, lie was uniformly prompt and active
in his attendance upon the judicatories of his denomination,
and was several times elected by his Presbytery to represent
them in the highest court of the Presbyterian Church. He
was a member of tint General Assembly of the Presbyterian
Church at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1844; at Cincinnati in
1X50; at New' Orleans in 1858, and at Philadelphia in 1870.
In general improvement, in temperance and educational
movements, he was very active, having been President of
the Pennsylvania Slate Temperance Convention at Harris-
burg in 1846. He served as Director in the common schools,
and established a superior Parochial School and Classical
Academy, now in successful operation at Newtown. He

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

4-1 7

was for years an energetic ami laborious Trustee for Lafayette
College, helping to raise her endowment and sending her
many promising young men. In ( )hio his educational efforts
have continued with unabated interest. '1 lie Oxford Ecmale
College, over which he presides, has the well deserved
honor of being one of the best educational establishments in
the country.

TRAFF, JACOB, late Merchant, was born, Septem-
ber 1st, i S02, in Arch street, Philadelphia, Penn-

sylvania, and was educated in the schools of that
city. lie learned the auction business in the
house of Pearcell & Gerlon, and when he had at-
tained his majority his father started him in the
general produce business, in which he continued prosper-
ously until the great financial crises of 1833 and 1834, and
having also engaged largely in coal-land speculations — the
excitement in such investments then running high — he sus-
pended payment. Not caring to accept a subordinate posi-
tion at that time, he remained out of business until 1836,
and in the autumn of that year went to Cincinnati and effected
an engagement with the Newport Manufacturing Company
as Supervisor and confidential clerk, and occupied those
positions until their failure in 1839. lie then embarked in
the auction business on Main street, under the firm-name
of Hutchinson & Graff, and on the death of his partner,
which occurred shortly after they commenced, he formed a
copartnership with J. J. Wright, and carried on the auction,
commission and real-estate business, opening a house on
Third street, where they continued until the death of his
partner. He next associated himself with Thomas Johnson,
their place of business being on Main street, he being chief
salesman. This firm continued to exist until 1858, when he
engaged on his own account on East Fourth street, the firm-
name being Jacob Graff & Co., and there he continued until
his death. During his long business career in Cincinnati he
was regarded by his competitors as an upright and honor-
able business man, and one in whose word implicit confi-
dence could be placed. The high appreciation in which he
was held by the representative citizens of Cincinnati maybe
understood by the perusal of the subjoined testimonial from
the Chamber of Commerce, which was reported by a com-
mittee and spread upon the minutes of that association. It
is as follows :

Your committee, appointed to draft a minute upon the
death of Jacob Graft, respectfully submit the following as
their report: Jacob Graff, Esq., whose recent death we are
called upon to mourn, was one ol the oldest and most highly
respectable members of this body, and in his earlier days
one of its most active and influential members. Years ago,
when the Chamber of Commerce was comparatively weak
in numbers, he was always present, taking an active part in
promoting its growth and 'usefulness in the business com-
munity; but of late years he was seldom seen upon the floor
of the ( 'hamber, but retained his membership and his interest

in the association. No man in this community was more
generally known, and wherever known more highly respected
than Mr. Graff. His uprightness and strict integrity, his un-
assuming and consistent < 'hristian character, seem ed him the
confidence ol all who knew him. lie was frank and genial
in manner, all. tide and courteous to all, and lair and honor-
able in all his dealings; and in his death the Chamber loses
one of its most estimable and worthy members, and the cily
of Cincinnati one of its most useful citizens. To the w ile
of the deceased, who mourns the loss of her companion of
nearly fifty years, to the children and grandchildren, we
lender our most sincere sympathy.

Signed, Jacoii B u R N El, Jr.,

1 I UGll McBlRNKY,
Richard Smith.

He was initialed into the Masonic order in 1840 in La-
fayette Lodge, Cincinnati ; was exalted to Cincinnati Chap-
ter, April 51I1, 1S43; was elected Scribe in 1S45; King in
1S46, holding the latter office two years; in 1848 he was
chosen High Priest, and during the same year was elected
by the Chapter Grand High Priest, serving in each capacity
four years. He received all the degrees in Masonry to the
thirty-second degree, anil he served for two years as Presi-
dent of the Masonic Octroi Association of Ohio. He
also served one year in the commandery as Prelate; one
year as Generalissimo, and one year as Captain-General.
He was a consistent Christian, having been a member of the
Second Presbyterian Church for many years, llis conver-
sion was no doubt attributable to the influence of his wife,
w ho has been almost a life-long Christian, and now rejoices
in the hope of being reunited with him in an eternal home,
lie was married, April 17th, 1827, to Mary A., daughter
of John McKnight, of Reading, Pennsylvania. He died
November 30th, 1875; he was the father of seven children,
of w hom three are now living, Wo sons and one daughter,
llis son, Dr. M. B. Graff, and a grandson, John McKnight
Sears, have succeeded him in his business, which they con-
tinue in the same place where he passed so many years of
his life.

OORE, WILLIAM E., I). L)., Pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, was born
in Strasburg, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania,
April 1st, 1823. At the completion of his course
of studies in Yale College, he graduated from that
institution in 1847. Later he entered upon the
study of theology, and taught in the academy at Fairfield,
Connecticut, and in April, 1850, was licensed by the Pres-
bytery of Wilmington. In the following October he xvas
ordained and installed pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church, West Chester, Pennsylvania, by the Third Presby-
tery of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this field of Chris-
tian labors he was engaged until 1872, when he became
pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Columbus,
Ohio, where he is still in charge, llis grandfather was an
officer in the revolutionary war. His father, Dr. Jacob

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

44 S

Moore, was a captain of cavalry in the war of 1812-15. He
himself served as Lieutenant of Artillery in the Pennsylva-
nia militia during the Gettysburg campaign, in 1863. lie
was married, September 19th, 1850, to Harriet K. Loot,
daughter of Rev. George Pool, pastor of the Presbyterian
Church at Newark, Delaware.

5EIGS, HON. RETURN JONATHAN, was born
in Middiebury, Connecticut, in 1765. He gradu-
ated at Yale, studied law, and was admitted to the
/■'► 4’V bar in his native town. Not long after he de-
parted for the wilderness of the West, becoming
one of the pioneers of the old town of Marietta.
In 1802 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of
Ohio, but resigned the next year to accept a military ap-
pointment from President Jefferson. lie was given the
command of the United States troops and militia in the
northern district of Louisiana. Soon after he was appointed
a Judge in the Territory named above. In 1807 he was ap-
pointed a Judge for the then Territory of Michigan, but re-
signed the same year, and became a candidate for Gutfr-
nor of Ohio. He was elected by a decided vote, but was
debarred from taking his seat through not having resided
in the State continuously for four years previous to his can-
didacy. The Legislature of 1S07-8 sent him to the United
States Senate, where he served with credit. In 1810 he
was again elected Governor, and during the second war
with Great Britain was prompt and active in all measures
pertaining to the public safety. In 1814 he resigned the
Governorship to become Postmaster-General of the United
States, in which position he served with distinguished
ability under Presidents Madison and Monroe. He retired
from the office in 1823, and died at Marietta, March 29th,
1825. In mind and personal appearance he was a states-
man of the old school. He was tall and erect in figure,
with a shapely head and aquiline nose, and had altogether
a very line presence.

TIERWOOD, ISAAC R., ex-Secretary of State,
ex-Member of Congress, Journalist, and Lawyer,
was born, August 15th, 1835. He received his
preliminary education at the Hudson River In-
stitute, Claverack, New York, subsequently enter-
ing Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio.
From Antioch he went to the Western Law School, at
Cleveland, where lie applied himself assiduously to the
study of law. Having a taste for journalism, he located at
Bryan, Williams county, Ohio, in 1857, where he established
the Williams County Gazette, a Radical Republican news-
paper. lie soon showed himself a writer of force, and was
brought into prominent notice. In 1859 he was elected
Probate Judge of Williams county, w hich ollicc he tilled

creditably until he resigned to defend his country, lie
was one of the first to respond to the call to arms. On the
18th of April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in 141I1 Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In this capacity he served
four months in West Virginia, taking pail in the fights of
Laurel Mountain, Cheat River, and Carrick’s Ford. He
then received a Lieutenant’s commission in the tilth Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, lie was appointed Adjutant
of his regiment, and served in that position through the
Buell campaign of 1862, in Kentucky. On the 1st of Feb-
ruary, at the unanimous request of the field and line officers,
he was commissioned Major of his regiment. He fought
against John Morgan and bore a brave part in the East
Tennessee canq sign. He led the skirmishers of Burnside’s
army in the retreat from Huffs l erry to I.enore. lie com-
manded his regiment at Huff’s Ferry, siege of Knoxville,
Campbell’s Station, Diane's Cross Roads, Dandridge, Straw-
berry Plains, Mossy Creek, and Loudon. On February
1 21 h , 1864,11c was made a Lieutenant-Colonel, and from
that time until the close of the war he was in command of
his regiment. After his promotion he was in the engage-
ments at Rocky Face, Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Dallas,
Pine Mountain, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Chalta-
hoochie, Decatur, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Atlanta,
Lovejoy, Columbia, and Franklin. For gallantry in the
latter engagement he was made a Brevet Brigadier-General.
He was then transferred to the East, in time to go through
the North Carolina campaign. He was in the two days’
fighting at Nashville, and in the last charge, on the l6lh of
December, 1864, captured three stands of colors and a large
number of prisoners. In the North Carolina campaign he
did good service at P ort Anderson, Tom Creek, and Raleigh,
being present at the final surrender at Durham’s Station.
At the close of the war, General Sherwood was assigned to
duty as Commissioner of the P’reedmetPs Bureau for the
State of Florida, but he immediately resigned. lie returned
to Ohio, published the Toledo Commercial , sold out to
Clark Waggoner in 1866, and accepted a position on the
Cleveland Leader, remaining there* until 1868, when he
was elected Secretary of Stale, and filled the office for two
successive terms. In 1872 he was sent to Congress from
the Sixth Ohio District. While in Congress he was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Railroads and Canals. At the end
of his term he returned to practise law at Bryan, Ohio.

'EARING, IION. PAUL, was born in Wareham,
Plymouth county, Massachusetts, February 28th,
1762. His parents were farmers, with no preten-
sions to distinction. lie graduated from college
in 1785, and entered upon a course of legal study,
being admitted to the bar in 1787. At this time
the most important topic of conversation in New England
was the great Ohio Land Com pany, just forming, and he

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

44 9

dec. (led to visit the scene of the proposed settlement. lie
arrived at his destination, June 161I1, 17S8. lie was ad-
mitted to the bar of the Northwest Territory the same year.
In 1795 he was married to Cynthia Rouse, and had also
become at this time one of the leading lawyers of the Terri-
tory. In 1797 lie was appointed Judge of Probate for
'Washington county, lie was a member of the Legislature
in 1 boo, and was a delegate to Congress the following year.

AREIEI.D, GENERAL JAMES ABRAM, was
burn, November 19th, 1831, in Orange, Cuya-
hoga county, Ohio. 1 1 is father, Abram Garlield,
belonged to an old Massachusetts family, while
his mother, Eliza (Ballou) Garlield, was a rela-
tive of the celebrated Husca Ballou, and was
from the State of New Hampshire. The father died in
1833, leaving a family of four children. He was one of

lie was among the very first settlers of Ohio to engage in j (|lt. fnst settlers of the township ol Orange. The widowed
the raising of merino sheep, since become a great indusliy, mother kept together her fatherless little ones, of whom
and was one of the most successful growers in his section. James A. was the youngest. Hard manual labor fell to his
He held various civil olliccs after his term in Congress, lot at a tender age, for at fourteen he was working at car-
lie died August 2 1 st, 1S22, his w ife dying the same day. pentering, and two years later had a few months experience

as a boatman on the Ohio canal. But a love for study was
inherent in his nature, and, like the lamented Lincoln, the
severest physical labor could not restrain his desire to read
(»,(. s.cj the thoughts of great authors. The age of seventeen found

him in the Geauga Seminary at Chester, Ohio, and a little
later in the Eclectic Institute, then but recently established
at Hiram. True to the experience of many of our public
men, he was a teacher in the common sellouts long before
he had completed his education, lie taught for several
terms, and was then made an assistant in the institution at
Hiram. In 1854 he entered the senior class of Williams

tl

WACOM II, ALEXANDER II. , ex-Mnyor of
Toledo, was born, August 6th, 1824, in Waterloo,
New York. I11 1835 he removed with his parents
to Toledo, Ohio, where he has since made his
home. 1 1 is father, Elcazer Newcomb, was a sol-
dier in the war of 1S12, his grandfather was a
soldier in the Revolution, and his great-grandlalher, Captain

s)

Bayes Newcomb, fought in the Erencli war of 1757. His I College, Massachusetts, and took at once high rank as a
paternal ancestors came to this country from England, in j scholar. 1 1 is quick discernment and application brought

about 1650, and were among the early settlers of New
England, llis maternal grandfather, Walter Taylor, was a
captain in the revolutionary army. I11 185O Mr. Newcomb
lost his right hand by the premature discharge of a cannon,
at a Whig mass-meeting. When the Whig party ceased to
exist, he naturally found a political home in the Republi-
can party, to which he still belongs, lie is a prominent
and zealous Tree Mason, having been made in Toledo
Lodge in March, 1851. In December of 1854 he was
elected Woishipful Master of his lodge, in which capacity
he served for twelve years. Tor thirteen years he was
Grand Lecturer for the Third Ohio District. In October
of 1867 he was elected Grand Senior Warden of the Grand
Lodge of Ohio, being re-elected in the following year. In
October of 1869 he was elected Grand Master, and served
as such for three consecutive terms. During Mr. New-
comb's administration as Grand Master, the Earl De Grey
and Ripon, Grand Master of England, visited Washington
on business for his government. A banquet of unusual
elegance was given by the Masonic fraternity to the Earl
De Grey and Ripon, and at this Grand Master Newcomb
was present by invitation. Mr. Newcomb is a member of
Fort Meigs Chapter, Toledo Council, Royal and Select
Masons, and of Toledo Commander)', No. 7, Knights Temp-
lar. lie was a Justice of the l’eace from 1X57 to i860,
when he was elected Mayor of Toledo. Mr. Newcomb has
seen Toledo grow from a small village into a busy, thriving
city of sixty thousand inhabitants — a growth in w hich he
has borne a creditable part.

57

him to the favorable notice of the venerable President Hop-
kins, and when he was graduated, in 1856, he carried off
one of the highest honors of his class. In obtaining his
education he was entirely dependent upon his own scanty
resources. These, with some small loans (subsequently
paid in full), placed him among the ranks of the nation’s
thinkers. Immediately after graduating, he entered upon
the profession of a college tutor, being given the chair of
Ancient Languages and Literature in the institution at
Hiram. In the following year he was honored by an elec-
tion as Principal. Thoroughly devoted to his work, he
soon raised the already flourishing school to a much higher
standard as an institution of learning, and extended its
patronage far and wide. Previous to this time he had
taken no part in politics. But he was naturally a politician
in the broad sense of the term, and an era was dawning
upon the country that was bound to claim his attention and
the activities of his intellect. The Republican party had
entered upon its first campaign wfith Fremont as its standard
bearer. The spirit of its platform enlisted his warmest
sympathies, and he followed it and shared in the sorrow of
its defeat. In 1859 he was elected by that party a member
of the Ohio Senate, and took his seat as the youngest mem-
ber of that body, but soon earned a reputation as a legisla-
tor of ability, industry, and usefulness. Before the close of
his legislative labors, the slaveholders’ rebellion broke out.
lie soon entered the service of his country as a champion
of the Union. He w'as chosen, in the autumn of 1861,
Colonel of the g2d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, largely

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

reci nitcril 1 >y himself. At its head he entered eastern Ken-
tucky in December of the same year, ami was immediately
assigned to the command of the 1 Sill brigade of the Army
of the Ohio. As commander of this brigade lie conducted
a very successful winter campaign against a force of rebels
under Humphrey Marshall. Ills battles were the first sig-
nal successes of the Union forces in the W est, and their re-
sult was the expulsion of the rebel forces from eastern Ken-
tucky. The fame of his achievements spread through the
country, and were commented upon in glowing terms by
the newspapers of the day. His personal bravery was con-
spicuous on every held, and his services received prompt
recognition by his promotion to the grade of Brigadier-
General. lie now joined the army of Geneial Buell. At
the battle of Shiloh, and in the operations around Corinth,
Decatur, and Huntsville, he commanded the 201I1 Brigade.
In November, 1S62, he was summoned to Washington, and
sat as a member of the court-martial that tried General Fitz
John l’orter. In January, 1863, he was assigned to the
Army of the Cumberland, under command of Rosecrans,
who at once made him Chief of Stall'. Here lie rendered
distinguished services, and was the confidential adviser of
the commander-in-chief, lie was in all the engagements
of that army in middle and southern Tennessee, and took a
prominent part in the bloody battle of Chickamauga. For
services in that engagement he received a Major-General’s
commission. His military career now closed, for, on the
5th of December, 1863, he resigned to enter another held
of duty. During his brief but eventful career as a soldier,
lie made a most brilliant record, and won his epaulettes by
hard lighting in the saddle, lie had been elected to Con-
gress from the Nineteenth Ohio District, and took his seat
immediately on leaving the army. The nation lost a sol-
dier, but received a patriot into its councils. I (e has served
in every Congress from that date to this, and with distin-
guished success, lie has served at the head of the most
important committees of the House, and his voice has
always commanded attention whenever an important meas-
ure was under consideration. He introduced and carried
through the bill creating the National Bureau of Kducation,
and has since defended it against all assaults. I lis speeches
on the country’s finances alone have gained for him a high
reputation as a student of national affairs. An exhaustive
and able speech on currency and finance, made by him in
1868, at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury, and
sent to our ministers abroad as a means of strengthening the
public credit, was so well received that he was elected an
honorary member of the Cobdon Club of London, Charles
Sumner being the only other member of Congress on its
list. Congressional and military duties, however, have not
claimed all his lime and attention since his education was
finished. In the spring of 1861, after a full course of study,
he was admitted to practise in the Supreme Court of Ohio,
and live years later lie obtained the same standing in the
Supreme Court of the United Stales. Also, in the held of

literature, his papers and addresses have a high degree of
merit. Prominent among these we cite “ The American
Census,” read before the Social Science Association ; his
addresses on 11 ( Allege l’.d ucalion,” and “ 1 he Future of the
Republic,” and his “ Fulogy ” on Major-General George
II. Thomas. As a public speaker, though not in every
sense an orator, he is powerful and convincing. While a
teacher at Hiram he occasionally filled the pulpit as a lay
member of his chosen church, the Disciples, and was always
a favorite with his hearers. This, no doubt, led to his
being known during the war, more or less, as the “ preacher-
soldier.” In society he is a general favorite, and very
popular with both parties in his district. When the Re-
publican party met at Waterloo in 1874, and when the suc-
cesses of the Democrats were a problem even to themselves,
he was one of the comparatively few Republicans re-elected
to Congress; and it may be said that his private character
had much to do with this, for whatever criticism may be
passed upon his public life by political opponents, his social
position is spotless and unsullied. Many efforts have been
made to throw discredit upon his acts and motives in con-
nection with certain measures before Congress, and these
have been to some little extent successful, but only in a
party sense. Always enjoying the unbounded confidence
of the Republicans, he has succeeded in vindicating him-
self in the minds of all but the most blindly partisan of his
political opponents, lie has met investigation and criti-
cism fairly and squarely at every point, and passed the
ordeal to the full satisfaction, at least, of his intelligent con-
stituents, the great majority of whom have supported him
as a politician, and not a few followed him to victory on
the field of battle. In 1872 Williams College conferred
upon him the honorary degree of LL. D., as a recognition
of his scholarly qualities. He was united in marriage in
1S58 with Luerelia Rudolph, of Hiram; and the union has
been, in every respect, a happy one.

e/obc,

r>/ Cl I REICH, GENERAL NEW TON, Lawyer and
viuHL Soldier, was born, March 6th, 1S28, in Fairfield
county, Ohio, and is a soil of John D. and Mary
(Holderman) Schleich. 1 1 is father was a native
Gys of Frederick county, Maryland, a carpenter by
trade, and was also engaged in agricultural pur-
suits; his mother came from Chester county, Pennsylvania.
General Schleich was educated at the Greenfield Academy,
and after leaving school commenced the study of law with
Governor M eel ill, and was admitted to the bar in 1850.
lie began the practice of his profession in connection with
his preceptor, and continued with him a year, lie then
formed a legal copartnership with Hon. Charles G. Martin,
member of Congress, which terminated in 186}, since
which lime lie has practised alone. He was elected a
member of the Ohio Senate in 1838,011 the Democratic

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BIOGRAPI I ICA1. ENCYCLOP.EDI A.

45*

ticket, and re-elected in 1S60. lie has been prominently
connected with l lie State militia for many years prior to
I SO l , having Idled every ollicc and rank from Orderly Ser-
geant to Brigadier-General. On April 171I1, I S(> I , he
responded to J'residenl Lincoln’s call, and commenced
organizing troops for service. At that date he was Briga-
dier-General of Militia; baton April 29th, 1861, he was
commissioned Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and pro-
ceeded at once to the field, lie participated in the battle
of Rich Mountain, in West Virginia, anil was afterwards
transferred to the Army of Virginia, commanded, at various
times, by Major-Generals 1 remont, Sigel, and j’ope. lie
was present at the battles of Cedar Mountain, f reeman’s
l ord, and Second Hull Run. lie resigned from the ser-
vice early in 1S63, and resumed the practice of his profes-
sion, which is a leading and lucrative one. I le was married,
July 24th, 1851,10 Margaret Hay, of Fairfield county — a
cousin of John Hay, the poet — and is the father of seven
children, one son and six daughters.

«TORER, IION. BELLAMY, I.L.D., Lawyer, was |
born at Portland, Maine, March 26th, 1796. He I
prepared for college under the tutorship of Ed- |
ward i'uyson, I), lb, and Ebenezer Adams, late
Professor at Dartmouth College. He exhibited 1
rare natural ability for learning, and was able to
enter llowdoin College at the age of thirteen, in August,
1809. But without graduating he entered upon the study
of the law under the direction of Chief Justice Parker, in
Boston, lie was there admitted to the bar in 1817, and I
shortly afterwards removed to Cincinnati, was readmitted,
and at once commenced the practice in that city. In recog-
nition of his literary attainments, Bowdoin College, in 1821,
conferred on hint the degree of Master of Arts, lie soon
acquired a high rank in his profession, as well as among
the active and public spirited men of the city. 1 le belonged
to the Whig party, which had long been in the minority in
his Congressional Disliiel. In 1 S y | he was selected as the
candidate ol his party, made the race, under the most ex-
citing circumstances, against the friend of the administra-
tion, General Robert T. Lytle, and was elected by a large
majority to represent Cincinnati in Congress. His career
in Congress was noted for that same high integrity of pur-
pose which had marked his professional and private life.
His vigorous and graceful eloquence won for him a distin-
guished position among the public men of the time. 1 1 is
elfective support of General Harrison, who had long been
his warm personal friend, did much toward the election of
that gallant chief as President of the United Slates. After
the expiration of his Congressional term he \ igorously re-
newed the practice of his prolession in Cincinnati. He
continued active in all matters of public interest, and fre-
quently joined in political contests throughout the State.

In 1844 he was Presidential Elector on the Whig ticket,
| and cast his vote for Clay. The new Constitution, which
j lor the tost time required the election of judges by the
people, having taken cited in 1852, he was without his
. knowledge put in nomination for the Supreme Bench by
I the Whig party, and although defeated, led his ticket by
several thousand votes. In 1854 he was elected Judge of
the Superior Court of Cincinnati, holding the position until
* 1872 — a period, of eighteen years — at which time he re-
signed. The act creating this court provided that the first
judges elected should cast lots for their respective terms —
■ three, four, and live years. O. M. Spencer and William Y.
Gohlson were the colleagues, but the short term of three
years fell to him. He was continually re-elected, and dur-
ing this long 'judicial career established a degree of profes-
sional and personal populaiily rarely attained by a lawyer.
In 1855 he accepted a Professorship in the Cincinnati Law
College, which position he tilled honorably for many years,
in addition to his other duties. In 1874 he was elected
Emeritus Professor in that institution. Bowdoin and Ken-
yon Colleges conferred on him the degree of LL. Lb, and
for a time he was member of the Board of Trustees of Bow-
doin. On retiring from the Superior Bench he resumed
practice with his son, Bellamy Storcr, Jr., who had been
admitted to the bar in 1869; but in two or three years he
retired from active work, and soon after, on June 1st, 1875,
died.

RANE, CHARLES A., was born, January nth,
1817, in Boardman township, Mahoning county,
Ohio, lie worked on his father’s farm and at-
tended the district s\l mol until he was thirteen
years of age, when the family removed to Port
Laurence, then a new town on lire Maumee, and
now grow n into the city of Toledo. When Charles was
fifteen years of age he fancied a sailor’s life, and accord-
ingly went on the lakes for two years. In 1S34 he entered
a store in Toledo, remaining in that situation two years, at
the end of which time he entered the warehouse of a
transportation company and stayed there until 1839. In
this year he joined the late Lyman Wheeler, and formed
the firm of Wheeler 8: Crane, rectifiers and grocers, on
Monroe street, Toledo. At the end of two years he sold
his interest to Mr. Wheeler, and did business on his own
account on the pier. He was again in the transportation
business for two years, until 1845, when he accepted a
position in the banking house of Prentice, Due & Co. for
two years. He was in the office of Thomas Watkins & Co.,
on the dock, from 1847 to 1853, when he moved on a farm
on the East Side. For the next ten years he cultivated his
farm and dealt in real estate, lie now resides in East
Toledo, and still operates in real estate. For fifteen years
Mr. Crane has been a Managing Director of the Lucas
County Infirmary, lie was originally a Democrat, but

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCl.OP.EDIA.

since l lie outbreak of the war has been a Republican. In
June of 1X40 he was nianie<l lo l.orain Kassel!, daughter
of 111. Kassell, of Toledo. 1 1 1 first wile dying in lX.|2, he
contracted a second mai i i.igc, in I .S . 1 7 , with Mary A. I Jill,
daughter oi Ellis Mill, ol Jellcr-am county, New Yuik. No
chihlren have been born lo him.

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'IFFIN, EDWARD, first Governor of Ohio, was
born in Carlisle, England, June lytb, 1760. Ill
parents were in moderate circumstances, and his
linele, Edward l'arker, assumed the responsibility
and expense of his education. Under the direc-
tion of this uncle Edward Tiffin was fitted for the
study of medicine, upon which he entered at an early aye.
Before he had finished his medical course, however, and
when he was only eighteen years of aye, he came to Amer-
ica with his parents, landing in New York. He at once
proceeded to Philadelphia, where lie finished his course of
medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania. Having
graduated, he rejoined his father’s family, who had settled
in Charlestown, Berkeley county, Virginia, and there he
commenced the practice of his profession when he was only
twenty years old. lie had been thoroughly trained for his
calling, and he speedily became a very successful practi-
tioner, with a line reputation and a large and lucrative
practice, llis social graces appear to have been equal to
his professional attainments, and he became the favorite in
the gay and fashionable circles of Berkeley. lie married,
in 17S9, Mary, daughter of Robert Worthington and sister
of Governor Worthington, a woman of high intelligence
and fine culture, with whom he lived happily for nearly
twenty years. In 1796 he removed to Ohio with his family,
and in company with Messrs. Lucas, Worthington, and
others, settled at Chillicothe, then but recently laid out by
General Masste. The whole surrounding country was a
vast forest, but the settlements, though few and far between,
were rapidly increasing. The doctor selected a four-acre
lot at the upper end ol the settlement, and thereon built the
first house in that region that was covered by a shingle
roof, lie continued his professional practice and rapidly
found abundant patronage. As a physician and surgeon he
stood in the front rank of the men of his time. Absorbed
as he was in his professional duties, however, he still found
time lo give keen and broad attention to affairs at large.
The people recognized his abilities and elected him to the
Territorial Legislature, and so his political life began. The
Legislature met in Cincinnati on September 1 8th, 1799,
when Cincinnati was but a straggling collection of frame
houses and log cabins, lying under the protection of Fort
Washington. Dr. Tiffin was unanimously elected Speaker
of the 1 louse, a position which he retained to the end of
the Territorial government. He frequently look pail in
the debates, and is described as an eloquent and impassioned

debater. In the autumn of 1S02 he was elected one of the
Delegates from Ross county to a Convention lo form a
Statu Constitution. The Convention mil in Chillicothe in
the November lol owing, and he was chosen its l’rcxidcnt.
llii eminent qualities in this position so impressed the
members of the Convention that at the conclusion of its
labors they brought him forward as candidate for Governor
of the new State. He was elected to that office in January,
1S03, without opposition, receiving 4565 votes. In October,
1805, he was unanimously re-elected Governor, receiving
4783 votes. At the expiration of his second term he was
urgently called upon to accept the office for a third term,
but he persistently declined. The most notable event of his
career as Governor was the arrest of the Burr -Blcnnerhasselt
expedition, in 1806. In the latter part of that year Burr
collected numerous boats and quantities of stores in the
neighborhood of Blennerhassetl’s Island, below Marietta.
Governor Tiffin learning that the expedition was ready to
sail, despatched a courier to the commandant at Marietta,
directing him to occupy a position below the island, where,
with a field battery, he could command the channel. Burr,
seeing that his plans were discovered and that lie could not
run the blockade, abandoned the expedition and fled. For
lies prompt and effective action on this occasion Governor
Tiffin was warmly praised by the press of the Eastern
States, and President Jefferson, in his letter to the Ohio
Legislature, February 2d, 1807, highly commends the
Governor for his promptness and energy in destroying the
expedition. When his term of ollice as Governor expired,
in 1S07, he was elected United Stales Senator, and took
his seat in December, John Adams presenting his creden-
tials. While in the Senate lie procured the passage of
many acts of great importance lo Ohio, llis wife died in
1808, and he was so overwhelmed by his bereavement he
determined to abandon public life, and therefore, at the
close of the session, in March, 1809, he resigned his posi-
tion. Returning home he settled on his farm and devoted
himself to agriculture, resuming, also, his medical practice.
He was not allowed to remain long out of public life, and
at the fall election he was chosen to the Legislature, and
was unanimously elected Speaker of the House, a position
which he continued to hold for several successive sessions.
In the meantime he married again, uniting himself to Mary
Porter, from Delaware, a woman of exceeding personal
beauty, pleasing manners, and the most exemplary piety.
During the first term of President Madison’s administration
Congress passed the act creating the office of Commissioner
of the General Land Office, and to this newly-created posi-
tion Mr. Madison appointed Governor Tiffin. He accepted
the position and administered its duties with the highest
ability. llis desire to be at his home in Ohio induced
President Madison eventually to consent to his transfer from
the office of General Land Commissioner to that of Sur-
veyor-General of the West, with the privilege of locating
his office at Chillicothe. This position he continued lo

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BIOGRAPHICAL IN* YCLOPT I >1 A.

453

hold through successive administrations for nearly fifteen
years, and until within a few weeks of his death. Indeed,
he was oil his death lied when he made over his olhce to
his successor, lie was reared in the Church of Kurland,
hut in 171JO he and his wife united with the Methodist
Church. He was consecrated a lay preacher in that
church, and he continued, on occasion, to perform the
functions of that office. lie retired from the practice of his
profession as physician in 1812, hut subsequently gave fre-
quent gratuitous advice to the poor and to many of his old
patients who insisted on consulting him. llis own health
began to fail in 1820, and from that time he suffered from
a most painful disease until the time of his death, which
occurred on Sunday evening, August 9th, 1829. His wife
followed him in 1832. They left four daughters and one
sun. Three of the daughters still live.

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ATTIF.R, JOHN TORINO, M. D., was born in
Cincinnati, Ohio, October 31st, 1808, of French
and Fnglish ancestry, his parents being amongst
the earliest pioneers of the Miami valley. He
received his early education in Cincinnati in the
best schools uf that day, and was also instructed
by the most competent private preceptors to be had at that
early period. After leaving school he entered the service
of an apothecary, with the view of eventually becoming a
physician; commencing the study of medicine in 1827,
under the tutorship of Professors Whitman and Cobb, of the
Medical College uf Ohio. He graduated at that institution
in 1830, and in April of that year commenced practising
medicine in Indiana; but within twelve months returned to
Cincinnati and embarked in the drug business, in which he
continued until 1S36, when he resumed the practice of his
profession, which he has faithfully prosecuted to the present
time, except during seven years in which he held a position
under the government. He was elected to the State Senate
in 1851, serving in that body until 1853, w hen he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce Postmaster at Cincinnati,
which position he held under Pierce and his successor until
May, 1858, w hen he was superseded, but was reappointed
in October, 1859, by President Buchanan ; holding the
position until Mr. Lincoln became President, when he was
removed. He was elected to the State Board of Equaliza-
tion in 1859, but resigned the position to accept that of
Postmaster tendered him by President Buchanan. He was
the first to move in the enterprise of establishing street
railroads in Cincinnati, having organized a company as
early as 1853; but they failed to receive the needful fran-
chises from the city. In 1S58 he again organized a com-
pany, and after spending much time and money, finally
secured a grant which was loaded with such damaging
restrictions as to make the enterprise a failure. Hr. Vattier

is a gentleman of stately appearance, a line practitioner, a
man of large heart and liberal views, and is greatly es-
teemed by the community in which he resides.

JtjpANGDON, OLIVER MONROE, M. D.

born, February 2d, 1817, near Columbia, one of
the suburbs of Cincinnati. Oliver Langdon, his
father, was a physician and a clergyman in the
Methodist Church. About 1800 he emigrated to

II amillon county and bought a section of land
embracing Mount Lookout, and extending beyond the city
limits. Oliver Langdon was one of the most esteemed and
valued of the early settlers of the county. Dr. Langdon’s
mother was a daughter of Colonel William Brown, a soldier
of the Revolution, and with her parents settled near Cincin-
nati as early as 1789. The first twelve years of Dr. Lang-
don’s life were passed in school and at home with his
parents. At that age, his parents both being dead, lie came
to Cincinnati and made his home with his cousin. Here,
from choice, lie worked to support himself, at the same lime
attending one of the best schools of the city, there being
then no public schools or educational institutions in Cincin-
nati. In 1831 he entered the now famous Woodward High
j School, and remained until in 1832, when, the cholera
I making its appearance, he went to the old homestead and
remained until the scourge had subsided. lie then re-
turned to Cincinnati and entered the Athemvum, now St.
Xavier’s College, at the same time working as before to pay
his way. After finishing a course of two years’ study in the
Atheiucum, he commenced the study of medicine in the
office of Professor Cobb, of the Medical College uf Ohio.
In due time lie entered that cullege and graduated in 1838,
at the age of twenty-one. Immediately after graduating, in
the spring of 1838, he went to Madison, Indiana, then
thought to be the prospective great city, it having the first
railroad in the West. He remained in association with one
of the first physicians of the place until 1842, when he re
turned to Cincinnati and opened his office. Soon after
wards he was appointed Physician for one of the four dis
tricts or townships into which the city was then divided
This position he held until the commencement of the war
with Mexico. He was then appointed Surgeon in the 4th
Ohio Regiment, under Colonel Brough, lie followed the
fortunes of his regiment, and returned home with it at the
close of the war, in 1848. He was present at the memor-
able trial of General Scott in the City of Mexico. After
returning home he formed a partnership with Dr. Jesse
Judkins and’ renewed his private practice. This connection
continued unbroken until 1859. Soon after his return from
Mexico he was appointed Physician to the House ol Refuge,
and afterwards Physician to the lunatic asylum at Lick
Run. Both of these positions he held until 1856. I11 1859

Dr. Langdon was appointed Superintendent and Physician

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454

biographical encyclop.edia.

of Longview Asylum, the new institution for the insane
just completed, lie then, of course, removed to the asylum,
leaving off all private practice. This important trust he
held until I'.iyo, when he resigned on account of long con-
finement and failing health. About this time, during a
trip made to California, he was made honorary member of
the California State Medical Society, lie has since almost
retired from business, being one of the most wealthy physi-
cians of Cincinnati. Dr. I.angdon was one of the origin-
ators of the Miami Medical College, and one of the instiga-
tors of the humane movement which took the lunatics from
the Old Commercial Hospital to Lick Run, and finally re-
sulted in the building of Longview, lie was the first
Superintendent of Longview, and to him is due the credit
of organizing and putting that institution in the condition it
now occupies as one of the first asylums for the insane in
America. He organized and put in operation the first
American asylum for the colored insane. This was estab-
lished in 1S66, and made a separate department at Long-
view. All the colored insane of Ohio arc now sent into
this institution. Before this they were accommodated in the
prisons over the Slate. As the trustees of Longview could
not buy and own this negro institution, it was purchased in
the name of Dr. Langdon, and is still held in trust for the
county by him. The Legislature passed an act enabling
the trustees of the asylum to relieve Dr. Langdon of his
trust; but for some cause this has not been done, lie has
been one of the movers and active workers in nearly all the
medical reforms of his time. His conduct of Longview
was eminently successful and of invaluable service to the
State and country. This position threw him more into rela-
tions with the philanthropic and best men of the age, and
their testimonials from Europe and our own country show
the value they put on the work he himself was doing.
This institution was originally styled “The Southwestern
Lunatic Asylum;” but in 1S61, in a bill passed by the
Legislature for the government of the asylum, drawn up by
Dr. Langdon, this name was changed to Longview. Dr.
Langdon has been one of the Trustees of the Miami Medi-
cal College since its foundation. lie is a member of the
American Medical Association, of the Ohio State Medical
Society, of the Cincinnati Medical Society, of the Cincin-
nati Medical and Chirurgical Society, and of the American
Medical and Psychological Associations.

BRIEN, REV. PATRICK, was born in Pilllown,
county Wexford, Ireland, February 14th, 1S45.
II is parents belonged to the peasant class. lie
emigrated with his family to this country at the
age of thirteen. They landed in Quebec, June
2d, 1857, and immediately proceeded to Elyria,
Lorain county, Ohio. He attended school at the latter

place for three years, and on completing his sixteenth year
was apprenticed to a tailor. At the age of twenty-one he
entered the preparatory seminary tit Louisville, Stark
county, Ohio, where he remained for a period of four years.
During his collegiate course he worked at the tailoring
business part of the time for the purpose of raising funds to
pay his expenses. In 1S69 he was admitted into the Cath-
olic Theological Seminary, at Cleveland, Ohio, and was
ordained to the Catholic priesthood by Right Rev. Richard
Gilmour, July 21st, 1872. Since his ordination he has offi-
ciated in the Diocese of Cleveland, first at Youngstown,
Mahoning county, where he remained one year, and then
at Rockport, Cuyahoga county, where he spent two years.
Now (March, 1876) lie is Pastor of the Church of the
Good Shepherd, Toledo, Ohio. Since his arrival in Toledo,
which was in August, 1 S7 5 , he has made many friends, and
as a preacher and orator he is very popular among all classes
of its citizens. Though a young man, he is placed by com-
petent critics in the front ranks of pulpit orators and lyccum
lecturers. lie is fairly idolized in Toledo by the people
belonging to his own denomination, and especially by the
Irish Catholics, lie has never taken an active part in pol-
itics, but he was an abolitionist before the emancipation of
the slaves. The first vote he ever cast, after declaring his
allegiance to the United Stales government, was for an
abolition candidate, nominated, of course, by the Repub-
lican party, lie voted with the latter parly during the war
because he honestly believed its policy towards the South
was the best and most practicable for the preservation of
the Union. Born in a land that was subject to the grinding
laws of England, and imbibing in his very childhood a
hatred of oppression and oppressors, he naturally sympa-
thized with the poor oppressed negro slaves of the United
States, hence his union with the Republican party. Since
his ordination he has not voted; but he possesses the right,
as a naturalized citizen, to vote whenever and fin whomso-
ever lie pleases. Though born in Ireland, and loving the
land of his nativity, he is nevertheless proud of his Ameri-
can citizenship, and is grateful to the noble land that gave
him and his downtrodden countrymen an asylum, and not
only that, but conferred on them the grand title of American
citizenship, a title which he considers superior to that of
lord or duke, lie is ardently devoted to the duties of his
profession, and looks upon his church as the grandest insti-
tution in the world; and in the course of a lecture delivered
in Toledo, February 6th, 1876, on the “American Centen-
nial,” before a crowded house of Protestants and Catholics,
including the mayor and a number of the most prominent
men of the city, in referring to the Catholic Church in the
United States, he rose to one of the grandest llights of elo-
quence it was ever the pleasure of the writer to listen to,
recalling to the minds of his hearers the historic orators of
olden time. The foregoing sketch may not be as minute in
its details as the admirers of the subject would desire; but
as the gentleman would only give the bare facts of his his-

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I1IOG RAH1ICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

455

tlie

tt try, the work li nil to he completed 1 >y a friend, who,
though differing with him in religious matters, admires
him as a patriotic and eloquent clergyman.

1 F.T, DANIEL W., Lawyer and Politician, was
horn in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on
September 8th, 1835. llis parents were natives
of that Stale, his father being a farmer and a man
of prominence therein, lie is a cousin of Jona-
than l.eet and of lion. Isaac Leet, a member of
Twenty-fourth Congress, and is a descendant on his
mother’s side of Robert Fullerton, who fought in the war
of 1S12, as did also his grand-uncle, Daniel l.eet, who
served as a major in that war. Daniel W. first attended
the countiy school, in the summer season assisting on the
farm, until he reached the age of sixteen, when he started
to ltufl'alo Academy, at Buffalo, near Washington, Pennsyl-
vania. He remained here for two years, and then attended
Washington College, where, at the expiration of three years,
he graduated in 1S56. From colleg-* he returned to the
farm, and for the next four years was engaged in farming,
raising and dealing in sheep and cattle. In i860 he re-
moved to Wellshurg, West Virginia, and commenced the
study of law with O. W. I.angfitt, and after three years’
diligent application, was admitted to the bar in September,
1863. In the campaign of 1863 he took an active part,
doing much service to the party by his eloquence. During
the spring of 1864 he removed to B.urnesville, Ohio, where
he engaged in the practice of law with success until the fall
of 18(15, when he was taken sick and was unfitted for busi-
ness for one year. In the spring of 1S67 he moved to New
Martinsville, West Virginia, and formed a partnership with
11 on. 1.. S. Hall, which lasted until the early portion of
1 868, when he removed to Washington county, Pennsyl-
vania, and remained until the latter portion of 1869, when
he came to liellaire, where he has since resided. Shortly
after his removal to liellaire he commenced the publication
of the Bcllaiie .SA/mf.t/ 1/, in connection with |. R. Nu/um,
which he conducted very successfully, both I ruin a mone-
tary point of view and as to ability, until the spring of 1S72,
when he sold out. About that time he invented and
patented a slate washer, but as yet has not put it upon the
market. After selling out his paper he was engaged in
codifying and arranging the laws of the city, which occu-
pied him till the spring of 1873, since which time he has
been connected with the Wheeling Krista-. In 1862 he
was elected to the Legislature of West Virginia, but was
ineligible owing to not having resided in the State for a
year. In 1874 he was appointed Gas Inspector of Belmont
county. On August 6th, 1864, he was married to Jennie
E., daughter of James Nuzum, a large tobacco dealer of
Bartlesville, Ohio. Mr. Leet is the most prominent Demo-
cratic politician of Bellairc, is a llucnt and able speaker,

eloquent in his speeches, and seems to hold his audience
at his pleasure. By his eloquence he has given great aid
to his party, not only in Ohio, but especially in the cam-
paign prior to the formation of West Virginia, when he
traversed that section of the then old Virginia, working
against the separation, lie has the credit of being one of
the best party organizers in the State of Ohio. Personally
be is a pleasant, sociable gentleman, and one eminently
calculated to make friends.

'^VAPE, EDWARD \V., Manufacturer, was born in
1829, in the Principality of Lippe-Detmold, Ger-
many. He went to school until he was fourteen
years of age, in accordance with the legal require-
ments of the fatherland, anil was afterwards
apprenticed to a dry-goods merchant. He was
early imbued with the idea of making his home and fortune
in the New World, and in 1850 emigrated to the United
States, landing in New York city. He there entered one
of the oldest established gilt-moulding factories in the
country for the purpose of learning the trade. He remained
in the establishment live years, during which time he
gained a thorough knowledge of the business in all its de-
tails. Being joined by his brother Theodore, they went to
Cincinnati in 1855, and_ commenced what was truly the
first establishment for the exclusive manufacture of gilt
mouldings west of the Allegheny mountains. It should be
observed that mouldings of every description then used
were imported, and of course the new enterprise met with
decided opposition from those w ho had hitherto controlled
the trade. The growth of t>eir business was necessarily
slow, but nevertheless it gradually increased. They soon
enlarged their line of products by manufacturing walnut,
veneered, and all descriptions of domestic wooil mouldings.
Being without machinery during the first years of their
adventure, they were obliged to have their material cut in
the rough — from patterns made in their own shop — by
establishments which were engaged in an entirely different
line of business. This difficulty was obviated in 1863 by
their having introduced into their own factory the necessary
machinery, operated by steam power. As the demand for
their products increased they correspondingly augmented
their business facilities, and they have recently erected and
finished their extensive factory building on West Canal
street, which is one of the largest of its kind in the Union.
The material used in their works was formerly obtained in
the city yards; but they now procure the rough lumber
from the mills of Lake Superior and other northern points,
and from this stock every variety of mouldings used in
buildings is now manufactured by the brothers. These
mouldings include the cornice, wall, window, and house
ornamentations of gilt and fine woods so extensively em-
ployed at the present day. They also are engaged in the

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456

BIDGRAHHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

manufacture of frames for pictures, glasses, etc. Tims from
the humble beginning, with a capital of a few huiulred dol-
I us, the business of the house has increased to a vast extent,
and their goods tire shipped to all points of the Mast and
West, literally from Maine to California, and the establish-
ment is one of the most prosperous in the country. Since
the inauguration of this industry, Edward W. Rape has
made four visits to Germany, revisiting his home and kin-
dred ; on one of these occasions he was shipwrecked in the
English Channel. lie has taken but little interest in politi-
cal matters, or any of the excitements of public life. lie is
a member of the Hoard of Trade of Cincinnati. He is now
in the prime of life, with an enviable business reputation.
He has many friends and no enemies, and ranks as one of
the wealthy manufacturers of the West. He was married,
1S65, in Germany, to Sophia Keysser.

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EAYTTT, REV. SAMUEL K„ son of Thomas C.
I.eavitt, was born in Levant, Maine, June 23d,
1S30. 1 1 is early life was spent on a farm in hard

labor, with no educational advantages except
those of the district school a few weeks each
year, until he was fourteen years of age; alter
which time, f>r several years, there was added a part of the
spring and fall terms at the East Corinth Academy, live
miles distant. There all the children of the family, four in
number, would rent rooms and keep house by themselves,
to save expense during the few weeks they could be spared
from the farm. With these limited advantages he made
good proficiency in the natural sciences, the higher mathe-
matics, and the classics, so that he commenced teaching
school at sixteen years of age, and followed this employ-
ment every winter thereafter during his minority, working
on the farm in the summer. At home he spent all bis
spare hours in hard study, often working till late in the
night, and sometimes going a few miles twice each week to
recite. Having a little money, saved from teaching and
other kinds ol labor occasionally performed, he entered
Colby University in 1S51, where he graduated in 1X55,
having completed the regular college course of stud)'.
Employing his winter vacations, and occasionally a college
term, in teaching at a good salary, and practising rigid econ-
omy, he managed to support himself, and nearly meet the
expenses of his education, leaving only a small debt to pay
afterwards. During the first year of college life he was
converted, and became deeply interested in the study of
the Hible. After a long and hard struggle to find the truth,
with strong prejudices to overcome, his mind settled upon
the views and practices of the lktplisl denomination, and in
the early part of 1X55 he was baptized in the Connecticut
river, and united with the Second liiptist Church in
Holyoke, Massachusetts, where he was then teaching.
Leaving college, he commenced studying law with the

Hon. Josiali II. Drummond, at Waterville, Maine, but
after a few months left the law’ office to teach the high
school at Hallowed. In the summer of 1857 he went to
Evansville, Indiana, where for several years he taught and
studied law at the same time, in the office of 11. (J. Wheeler.
There he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the
practice of law under very favorable circumstances, holding
at the same time an important office in connection with the
public schools, and soon after forming a law' partnership
with S. R. llornbrook. In 1862 they assisted in recruiting
the 65th Regiment Indiana Infantry Volunteers, in which
they both received commissions as officers, and served to
the end of the war. During this service Mr. Leavitt was
several times appointed Judge Advocate, to conduct impor-
tant trials -at courts-martial, and was detached as 1\ st-
Quartermaster and Commissary at Southland, Kentucky,
and afterwards as Division Commissary in the cavalry com-
mand under General Israel Garrard. In the Georgia and
North Carolina campaigns, under General Sherman, he
commanded his company, and was mustered out of service
w ith the regiment as Captain in July, 1865. Returning to
Evansville, he resumed the practice of law, holding also for
a while the office of City Treasurer, to which he was twice
elected ; and the law partnership between him and S. R.
llornbrook was afterwards renewed. In the spring of 1870,
feeling called to the ministry, he closed up his law business,
sold his possessions, and was ordained to preach by the
l irst Baptist Church in Evansville, w here he had long been
a member, and for several years an ordained deacon, lie
was immediately called to the charge of the First Baptist
Church in Keokuk, Iowa, where he enjoyed a pleasant and
successful pastorate, till December, 1872, when he became
pastor of the First Baptist Offiurch in Cincinnati, where he
has since labored. He has been tw ice married : in August,
1850, to Mary E. Armstrong, of Niagara Falls, New York,
w ho died in a month afterwards, and in September, 1866,
to Abbie A. Fisher, of Bangor, Maine, who is still living.

OWEN, \VI ELI AM M FADE, member of the Legis-
lature, was born in Logan, Ohio, April 13th, 1830.
His father was a mechanic, from Maryland; his
mother a Virginian and a descendant of Sir
c Thomas Drake. William Meade attended the

cy

district school at Logan until he was sixteen years
of age, w hen he entered a dry-goods store as clerk, remain-
ing there for five years, fie pursued this vocation until
1S54, when he graduated from the Commercial College at
Columbus, where he took charge of the Five-Mile Furnace,
There he remained until the furnace suspended operations,
in the financial crash of 1857. For the next year he con-
ducted a drug store in Logan, closing out that business to
accept the position of Cashier of the Citizens’ Bank. He
remained in the bank until July of 1SG1, when he recruited

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENC V C LOP/E D I A .

457

Company li, jut Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and
was elected Captain. In l 8b2 he was obliged to lesion his
commission, on account of failing health, lie next went to
the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where lie operated with
success, lie was Cashier ol the Venango Bank ol h i aid, Ini,
Pennsylvania, until the fall of 18(14, after which he held a
like position in the f irst National Bank of Corry, Pennsyl-
vania, until tile summer of 1865. lie then bought a con-
trolling interest in the First National Bank. of Logan, Ohio,
of which he was President until 1867, when lie turned his
whole attention to a hardware store which he had opened a
short time previous. 'Phis he conducted until 1872, when
he engaged in agriculture on a large farm which he owned,
near Logan, and which he sold in December, 1874. In
1874 he was elected to lill a vacancy in the Ohio House of
Representatives, caused by the death of Mr. Case, being re-
elected in 1875. In that year Mr. Bowen organized a stock
company, under the name of the Logan Fire-Brick and
Hollow Ware Manufacturing Company, of which he is
President. He is a public-spirited man, of varied practical
experience and safe business habits, lie is extensively
engaged in building operations, lie was one of the original
projectors of Venango City, now part of Oil City, Pennsyl-
vania. December 251I1, 1S51, Mr. Bowen married E. Crook,
of Logan, Ohio.

, CTT, SPENCE ATWELL, M. D., was born, Sep-
tcmbei 19th, 1824, in Ross county, Ohio. He
was one of seven children of Nimrod Ilutt and
Fanny B. Atwell. His father was a Virginian
who followed mercantile pursuits for the greater
part of life, and in his latter days was proprietor
of a hotel in Buinbridge, Ross county, Ohio. About 1.805
the senior Hull left his Virginia home, and settled in Circle-
ville, Ohio. From there he moved to Chil I icothe, and
thence to Buinbridge, where he died in 1S49. S. Unit’s
mother died June 3d, 1875, at Hillsborough, Highland
county, Ohio. He worked as a farmer’s boy, and while so
employed, thought ol .1 trade, and accordingly w ent to work
at blacksmilhing, in Buinbridge, Ross county, where he
worked at the forge for about two years and a half. From
here he went to New Petersburg, Highland county, where
he was engaged as a clerk until about 1845, when he took
a position in a Chillicolhe store. Returning to New Peters-
burg, he was again employed as clerk in a store. He now
began to read medicine with Dr. James D. Miller, devoting
his days to business and his nights to study. In the fall of
1S4S he matriculated at the Starling Medical College, at
Columbus, Ohio, and in the spring of 1849 he began the
practice of medicine at Sharonville, Pike county, Ohio. In
the following fall he took up his residence in Wavcrly, in
the same county, where he has since lived in the enjoyment
of the fruits of industry applied to the practice of his pro-
fession. Although a Democrat of pronounced views his

modest and retiring nature has kept him out of political
strife, lie is a genial, companionable, energetic, and irre-
proachable character. On the 13th of July, 1852, he mar-
ried Ke/ia 1 1 inson, of Wavcrly, Pike county, Ohio.

AILEY, EZR.A, Retired Lumber-Merchant and
Builder, was born, August 181I1, 1802, in Chester
county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Emmor
Bailey, a member of the Society of Friends, and
of English descent, his mother being of Welsh
ancestry. His father was originally a clock and
watch maker, but afterwards became a farmer in Maryland,
having removed thither in 180S, and settled near Baltimore.
Ezra attended first a country school, and afterwards one in
the city. In 1814 his parents removed to Ohio, and settled
near Mount Pleasant, in lelTerson county. He soon com-
menced learning the carpenter’s trade, and also mill-wright-
ing, attending school during the winter months. About
the year 1S20 he left his father’s residence and proceeded
to Baltimore with a view of perfecting himself in the avoca-
tion he had chosen. lie contented himself with receiving
low wages for the work he performed, for while so occupied
he was a learner, and attended a school where architecture
was taught. He remained at Baltimore altogether about
three years, and believing himself a proficient in his calling,
returned to his father’s house, first making a trip to Old
Point Comfort, Virginia, lie remained at home about a
year looking after his father’s interests. In the spring of
182S he commenced the builder’s business at Steubenville,
Ohio, being a master builder, and remained there three
years, steadily pursuing his calling. Early in 1831 here-
moved to Cincinnati, where he rented a house and shop
and resumed his business with a view to permanency and a
successful career. At that time cornfields were cultivated
where lordly mansions now rear their lofty walls, or more
unpretentious homes give shelter to a motley crew. This
was prior to the railroad era, anil the Miami canal was the
only great internal highway. At that date architecture was
in a most primitive and incipient condition. He soon made
the acquaintance of the late Nicholas Longworth, the great
real-estate monarch, who was generous to a fault, and useful
beyond estimate in the early history of Cincinnati. He
purchased from him a lot on Smith street, to be paid for in
ten regular annual payments. He also was furnished with
lumber by Mr. Longworth, or with the necessary security to
obtain it, as he was anxious to possess a home of his own.
He was enabled to discharge his debt in seven years time,
paying no money whatever, but giving the equivalent in
work and designs. lie resided in that house, so erected,
for thirty years, up to the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861,
when he disposed of the same and purchased the property
where he now resides. In 1842, owing partly to failing
health, he engaged in the lumber and saw mill business in

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458

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

copartnership with James l.angstaff, the mill then occupying
tile site of the present depot of the Ohio & Mississippi
Railroad. This partnership terminated in 1854, when he
removed his business to the foot of Main street in Coving-
ton, Kentucky, hut the enterprise did not equal his expecta-
tions, and owing to unforeseen circumstances did not prosper,
lie soon after returned to the Ohio side of the river, where
he resumed the lumber and saw mill business, and continued
the same prosperously until about 1871, when be in a great
measure retired from business. He has always been most
successful in all operations, and was constantly accumulating.
Having realized a handsome competence, he retired from
active pursuits. He was a member of the City Councils in
1836, and was opposed to the license system. One of his
colleagues was the late Chief- Justice Chase, wdio finally
voted with him on this subject, he at the first being the sole
opponent of the traffic. He was for many years a member
of the old volunteer lire department of the city. In religious
belief he follows in the footsteps of his parents, never fail-
ing to be found in the meeting-house on the first day of the
week, or at the week-day gatherings. He was married,
December 27th, 1827, to Elizabeth llye, of Columbiana
county, Ohio.

Divinity was conferred upon him by Marietta College.
From 18G0 to 1863 Dr. Buslmell was .Superintendent of
Public Schools in Fremont. In 1865 he joined the army,
at Petersburg, Virginia, in the interests of the Christian
Commission. He lias been a Trustee ol the Western Re-
serve College since 1861. At Hudson, in April, 1850, he
married Julia E. Bakhvin, who died in September, 1856.
In April, 1S5S, lie married Cornelia K. Woodruff, in San-
dusk y.

) USIINELL, REV. EBENEZER, D. D„ was born
in Granville, Licking county, Ohio, November
l8lh, 1822. He is the son of Thomas II. and
Charlotte S. Bushnell, natives of Norwichlown,
Connecticut, wdio emigrated to Ohio in 1816,
making the trip through Pennsylvania in wagons,
in company with a party of friends, being seven weeks on
the road. The paternal grandfather of our subject graduated
from Yale in the class of 1777, with Noah Webster. Rich-
ard and Mary Buslmell, married October ttth, 1648, at
Saybrook, Connecticut, were ancestors on the paternal side.
When the subject of this sketch w'as fifteen years old, his
father died, leaving him on his own resources. He had
laid the foundation of a good education, but he desired a
collegiate course. He went to learn carpentering, at which
trade he remained two years and nine months, until, to use
his own homely but happy expression, he had “ planed
and sawed his way through college.” He graduated at the
Western Reserve College in 1846, receiving his second
degree in 1849. After graduating he taught Greek for two
years in the preparatory department at Hudson. The next
year he had charge of this department, and the following
year he taught mathematics in the college, lie then went
to Burton, Geauga county, Ohio, where he supplied the
pulpit of the Presbyterian Church for one year. In June,
1851, he was ordained and installed as pastor of this church.
He remained at Burton until April 1st, 1857, when he
assumed pastoral charge of the Presbyterian Church at
Fremont, Ohio, remaining there till now, firmly fixed in the
affections of his flock. In 1871 the degree of Doctor of

^ ILL, PHILIP W., M. IX, Physican and Druggist,
was born, February 27th, 1824, in Warren county,
Ohio, and is the fifth of ten children, whose
•parents were James and Amelia (Harris) Ilill.
His father was a native of North Carolina, and
through life was engaged hi agricultural pursuits.
In 1S04 he removed to Ohio and settled in Hamilton town-
ship, Warren county, where lie opened a farm and resided
on it until his death, which occurred in July, 1863. He
was a soldier of the war of 1812, attached to General Har-
rison’s command, and participated in a number of sorties
and skirmishes with both the British and Indians during
the campaign. lie married Amelia, daughter of Isaiah
Harris, a native of Campbell county, Virginia, who was one
of the first settlers of Warren county, Ohio. Dr. Hill’s
early education was a limited one, but he supplemented the
rudiments he acquired at the village school hy study at
I home during his leisure hours, laboring on his father’s farm
until he attained the age of seventeen years, when he again
attended school, devoting two years for that purpose. In
1844, having acquired a liberal education, he commenced
teaching school, and was tl^is engaged for three years, de-
voting his unoccupied time to the study of medicine under
the supervision of Dr. Alfred Noble, of Goshen, Ohio, com-
pleting the same in 1849, having during the two preceding
years attended the usual course of lectures in the Ohio
I Medical College. Having received his diploma, he com-
menced the practice of medicine in the spring of 1849 at
1 Mithlleborough and Osceola in Warren county, where he
■ continued for seven years. In 1S56 he went to Kansas,
1 where he passed two years in prospecting and travelling,
and during his sojourn in that region was a voluminous cor-
respondent of Eastern papers, giving full particulars of the
resources and condition of the then Territory, which was
passing through the troublous times familiarly known as the
“ border ruffian” difficulties. He returned to Ohio in 1858,
and located at Madisonville, Hamilton county, where he
has since resided, and resumed the practice of his profession.
I11 1873 he opened a drug store, since which time he has
not been actively engaged in professional calls, but gives
advice in connection with the dispensing of drugs and
medicines, and the carrying on of an extensive apothecary
store, lie has also given considerable attention to building,
and has designed and erected some of the finest residences

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

459

in the town of Madisonv i 1 1 o . lie is a devoted ami earnest
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ami has Been
for the past twenty years a prominent member ol the
Masonic order. In political feeling lie is identified with the
Republican party, but although solicited to accept a nomina-
tion has never consented to allow his name to be presented
before a political convention, lie has been thrice married,
1 1 is first wife was Amelia Conover, ol 1 latnilton county,
Ohio, who died in 1S54, leaving two children. He was
subsequently married to Mary Myers, also a native of
Hamilton county, who died in 1S66. lie has since been
united to Nancy Freeman, who was born in Pennsylvania,
and widow of the late John \V. Langdon, by whom he is
the father ol live children.

II.I.IXGS, JOHN' K., Lawyer, was born, January
1 2th, 1 St 5, in Saratoga county, New York. lie
is the second of three children born to Ezra Bil-
lings and Elizabeth Slocum, ncc llimpland. His
father, a native of Connecticut, was an agricul-
turist all his life; he settled in Michigan in
1831, and died there in the fill of that year. Mrs. Billings,
a native of Vermont, died in May of iXbi. On the paternal
side the family is of English, and on the maternal side of
Irish origin. On both sides they were patriots in the great
struggle for colonial independence. The subject of this
notice was taught lessons of morality and industry from his
early days. He worked on a farm continuously until his
sixteenth year, with the exception of one summer spent in a
confectionery store at Saratoga Springs. Ilis early educa-
tion was received in the ordinary county school and was
quite limited. At the age of sixteen his aggregate attend-
ance at school amounted to about one year. At this time he
was sick in Michigan, sullering a whole year from fever and
ague. But he did not allow the time to be wasted, lie
addressed himself to study with great profit, lie not only
stored his mind with valuable knowledge, but he created an
appetite Ibr study which he lets not yet satisfied. Recover-
ing horn his illness he woikcd on a farm for about six
months at eighteen dollars a month, which would indicate
that he was a good farm hand. He next went to a common
school fot about four months, working morning and night
to pay his way. 1 he following summer he went to Detroit,
Michigan, and did general work in a hotel for about three
months. The next winter he rut and chopped wood at five
doll. iis an at re. During the next year lit* was again em-
ployed at fat 111 work. Still dissatisfied with the education
lie had been able to gel, he determined to have a better one,
ami he could only hope to secure it by hard work. lie
thcicfoic went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1X55, and was
the (list to enter the Manual Labor Seminary at that place,
an institution organized under the auspices of the Presby-
Iciian Chut clt. Having worked and studied here for about

eight months, lie began teaching school about seven miles
from Ann Arbor. At the close of the school term he went
to Ashland, Ohio, and there attended the academy lor about
three mouths, after which he resumed teaching. In 1X43
he moved to Adams county, Ohio. In 1851, after an exten-
sive course of legal reading, and some general experience
and practice, he was admitted to the bar. He immediately
began the practice of his profession at West Union, where
he has since resided. Close attention to business and un-
swerving integrity have drawn to him a large clientage and
a paying practice. In 1851, shortly after his admission to
the bar, Mr. Billings was elected Prosecuting Attorney of
Adams county, holding the oflice for two years, lie was
afterwards elected to the same office in 1861, 1873, and
1S75. Mr. . Billings is a Democrat. In religion he is a
member of the Christian Church. He is a man of sterling
character, pleasing and affable in his social relations. His
success in life under circumstances far from favorable at the
outset bespeaks for him strong resolution and industry that
does not tire. He may well be regarded as a self-made
man. In June, 1844, he married Elizabeth II. Burly, a
native of Adams county, by whom ten children have been
born to him.

GORE, HON. ELEUTIIEROS, Lawyer, was
born, 1780, in Granville, Washington county,
New' York. 1 1 is ancestry on the paternal side
were among the first settlers of Massachusetts,
Francis Cooke being one of the original Pilgrim
fathers, and who erected the third house 111 Ply-
mouth. lie received a liberal education at the academy in
his native town of Granville\and some lime after leaving
school commenced the study of law', lie pursued his read-
ings with such diligence and earnestness, that he was en-
abled to pass his examination before Chancellor Kent, with
great credit to himself. He was admitted to the bar in
1 S 1 3, and commenced the practice of his profession early in
the same jear in western New York, where lie remained
for about two years, and thence removed to Madison,
Indiana. He continued his professional duties in that
place, occasionally appearing in the courts of the adjoining
State of Kentucky. While passing through Ohio in his re-
moval to lus new' home from New York State, he traversed
that portion of the State where the present city of Sandusky
is situated, and also its vicinage, and was so charmed with
its general appearance that he removed in 1818 to Bloom-
ingvillc, Ohio, a short distance from Sandusky, and remained
there in the practice of his profession until the latter place
was laid out, w hen he at once commenced the erection of a
residence and became one of its residents in 1819, and so
continued until his death. He was prominently identified
with till the early enterprises of Sandusky and especially of
that portion of the State, taking a particular interest in the
lirst railroad projected in the Slate which connected the

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Oliiu river with Lake Erie, from Cincinnati to Sandusky,
lie was lor many years a member of the Ohio Legislature,
and was elected to the Twenty-third Congress, tS j j, from
the Sandusky Disliicl. lie was successively u member ol
the Eederal, Anti Jackson and W hig patties, and towards
the close ol his life was affiliated with the Republicans. In
1S40, during the Harrison campaign, be w as the orator of
the day in the great celebration of the Rattle of Fort Meigs.
He was a prominent member of the Masonic order, and
was fur many years Grand Orator of that fraternity in the
State of Ohio. As an advocate he was eminently success-
ful, whether in his appeal to the jury or in his argument
before the bench, lie was married to Martha Caswell, of
Salem, Washington county, New York, lie died in San-
dusky, December 24th, 1S64, leaving three sons, Pitt, Jay,
and Henry D. Cooke, born respectively in 1819, 1821, and
1S25. They were members of the well-known linn uf Jay
Cooke A Co., so favorably and prominently identified with
the negotiations of the national loans from 1S61, and dur-
ing and after the termination of the civil war; having their
main house in Philadelphia, under the control of the founder
of the firm, |uy Cooke; the branch house in New York city,
with Pitt Cooke as the resident partner, w hile the Washing-
ton city office was under the direction of Henry I). Cooke,
who was also the first Governor of the District of Columbia,
and who still resides in Georgetown. Pitt Cooke is now a
resident of Sandusky, and Jay Cooke continues in Phila-
delphia.

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colonies.

WING, I ION. THOMAS, Lawyer and Statesman,
was born in Ohio county, in what is now West
Virginia, December 28th, 1789. His father,
Lieutenant Thomas Ewing, was a native of New
Jersey, and served in the patriot army during the
war which resulted in the independence of the
Soon after the treaty of peace was concluded he
removed to the frontier, where Thomas was born, and from
there, in 179S, to Ames township, Athens county, Ohio, of
which section he was the first while settler. During his
residence here he was a man of local prominence, and held
several positions of trust. Iu 1S18 he removed to Perry
county, Indiana, where he died in 1830, at a green old age.
Thomas was raised amid the rude experiences of pioneer
life, and had but few educational advantages in early life,
but these he absorbed with a precocious avidity. lie w'as
very fond of reading, but had few hooks to select from, and
so read everything that came in his way. 1 1 is constitution
and intellect were alike vigorous, and he soon became
known as a youth of uncommon hardihood and intelligence.
It was his pleasure to read to the field hands employed by
his father, and they, no doubt, returned the favor by Halter-
ing the smartness of the lad. In 1800 the little settlement
raised a fund — about one hundred dollars — to purchase the
nucleus of a library, and Thomas contributed his share in

the shape of ten coon-skins. Sixty books were purchased,
and, to quote bis own words, “ The library of the Vatican
was nothing to it, and there never was a library better read.”
Through Ibis binary and the pi motive schools of the neigh
borhond he obtained a sufficient knowledge to wair.int the
prediction ol liis elders that be w ould become a scholar and
I a man of learning, lint bis appetite for knowledge was far
from being appeased, and at the age of nineteen he was
somewhat discouraged at the prospect of further advance-
ment. He now resolved to make a hold effort to obtain a
collegiate education, and accordingly engaged himself as a
boatman on the Ohio river, and after a time saved enough
money to attend the academy at Athens for three months.
His novitiate over, he returned to work in the salines of
Kanawha: At the end of the third year he had saved

enough money to enter upon a regular course of study at
Athens, where he remained until the spring of 1815, when
he considered himself a “ pretty gootl though an irregular
scholar.” During his term at the academy he taught school
for a short time at Gallipolis, and was also occasionally em-
ployed as a surveyor in Athens county. In July, 1 S 1 5 , he
went to Lancaster to study law under General Beech, and
after a self-imposed discipline of most laborious application,
was admitted to practise in August, 1816. 1 1 is first speech

as a counsellor was made at Circleville soon after, and his
next attempt was at Lancaster, where he was asked to under-
take a case by Mr. Sherman, whose distinguished son, the
general, afterw ards became a member of his family, and
eventually his son-in-law. Some time after this his pecu-
niary resources were much reduced, and he was anxiously
canvassing his prospects. At this juncture lie was offered
a small fee to go to Marietta and become counsel for the
defendant in a ease of larcAiy. lie says of this episode:
“ I have had several fees since of $10,000 and upwards,
but never one of which I fell the value, .or one, in truth, as
valuable to me as this.” Successful ;n the case, he at once
found his time fully employed in criminal practice. This
was the starting point from w hich lie rapidly gained promi-
nence as a lawyer, and was soon one of the leaders of the
< )hi<> liar, presently he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney
of Athens county, which office lie held for several years.
Ilis fame had now grown so wide that lie became the Whig
candidate for the United Stales Senate, to which position
lie was elected in 1830. lie served one term, and during
that time his reputation as a legal rensoner became national.
In 1840 he took the stump for Harrison, and when the old
soldier was elected President, Thomas Ewing entered his
cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. I11 the campaign of
1844 he was a strong Clay Whig, and in that of 1848
warmly advocated the election of Taylor. When the latter
was elected, he was again appointed to the cabinet, this
time having charge of the portfolio of the Interior. But
complications arising, he resigned, and was soon after ap-
pointed to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired
term of lion. Thomas Corwin, who had been called to a

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| j I . i c <_■ in I lie cabinet. lie resigned office again after serving
one session, and resumed the practice of the law. In the
crisis of l8bl lie was a staunch patriot and supporter ol the
administration, and was appointed by ( inventor Dennison
a member of the IVacc Lommission wliii li sat in Washing-
ton. 1 hroughoul the war he was unwavering in his loyally,
and (’resident Lincoln had an admiration for him almost
akin to reverence. During the greater part of the war era
he practised law in Washington, but when peace came he
give up most of lus practice. During the latter years of
his life his conservatism alienated him from the administra-
tion, and he acted with the Democratic party, llis intellect
was vigorous to the last, lie died at Lancaster, Ohio,
October 26th, 1S71, surrounded by his children and their
families.

( )RTI 1 1 NrGT( )N, IION. VACIIEL, Lawyer and 1
Stale Senator, was born, February 2d, 1802, near j
Stanford, Lincoln county, Kentucky. llis father,
James T. Worthington, was born in Baltimore
county, M tryland, anil his mother, Margaret I’.
(Slade) Worthington, was a native of North Caro-
lina. lie remained with his parents until he was eight
years old, when he went to live with his uncle near Dan-
ville, attending the academy in the latter town about two
years, and then became a student in the academy at Stan-
ford, where lie commenced a classical course. When he
was sixteen years old, his father purchased Boone Station,
but Vachel remained at Stanford, afterwards returning to
his uncle and resumed his studies at Danville. At the age
of seventeen years he entered the Transylvania University
at Lexington, w here he remained but a short time, having
determined to allow a year to lapse, and returned to Dan- j
ville, where he passed through a more thorough preparatory j
course of study. lie then re-entered the university as a
member of the junior class, and remained there until [lily,
1S22, when he graduated, taking the third honor in his
cln^s, being ranked as the best mathematician, and aLo as
lust in uioi.il science and philosophy. In 1S25 his . Umn
Miifi'r conleiied on him the degree of Master of Arts. |
Shortly after his graduation he went to Maryland, where j
he passed about a year with his relatives, returning to Ken-
tucky in 1823, when he commenced the study of law with
lion. C. J. Boyle, who was then on the bench, and who ^
examined him monthly as to his proficiency in his readings, j
II e was never in a law office until he established his own,
which he did after passing his final examination at Cincin-
nati, in which he gained for himself and for his preceptor
also great credit for his thorough acquirements in his pro-
fession. At the commencement of his practice, as well as
through his long career of over half a century, he has con-
fined his attention entirely to the civil courts. After a
period of five years, being eminently successful in the dilfi-
cult and intricate cases committed to his charge, he became

401

associated with the late Nicholas Lougworth, and the
nephew of the latter, Thomas Longworlh, as a partner in
the firm of Lougworlhs A- Worthington, attorneys and
counsellors at law. ( >n the retirement of Nicholas l.ong-
woith hum the firm, after a long and highly prosperous
course of practice, he attended to all the law business of the
senior member until his death, and then took charge of the
I estate, w hich he managed until 18G6. He has been one of
the most indefatigable workers ever known to the bar of
Cincinnati; and his hand is seen on all the court records,
as also in the establishing of wdiulcsome municipal and
Slate laws. During this long period of over half a century,
having been admitted to the bar in 1825, he has been con-
stantly occupied in the practice of his profession, and the
great amount of labor that he has performed can hardly be
estimated. Ills writings have been and are very volumi-
nous; and all his manuscripts are neatly and legibly executed.
Although better on paper than in oral argument, he has
made many long and excellent speeches, in w hich his line
of argument and his deep and abstruse reasoning has not
been appreciated by the jury or even by the court, perhaps
from their inability to grasp it. He was for several years
of counsel for the Ohio Life amFTrust Company, although
not at the time of its failure in August, 1857; but he has
also represented other leading banks and incorporated in-
stitutions. In real estate law' he has always held the high-
est ground, and in these has won his best trophies ; and is
perfectly at home in that highest department of jurispru-
dence, and has realized an ample fortune from that practice.
His legal learning is undoubtedly his best distinction, and
he has ever taken a high rank as a counsellor; but he finds
time to inquire into philosophy and all the problems con-
nected with man’s present ani> future existence. To these
studies, and especially to the view's of the ablest, modern
thinkers, lie has, for several years past, given a large share
of attention, probably even more than the average profes-
sional man allows to reading the daily press and other
ephemeral literature. He delights in grappling with large
interests and difficult questions, and is a most safe, enlight-
ened and conscientious adviser and counsellor ; anil has been
of great assistance to those w ho placed reliance upon his
judicious advice in regard to business enterprises and
speculative undertakings. In all his intercourse with men
and their affairs, he is earnest, honest, zealous, and courage-
ous. He neither courts nor fears any one, and is utterly
above dissimulation, hypocrisy, or any kind of deception.
No means could be employed to coerce him from the posi-
tion he lakes, and while he respects those w ho honestly
differ from him in sentiment, he maintains his own views at
all hazards. For two years past he has been a member of
the State Senate, having been elected on the Democratic
ticket in 1873, and his career so far has been of great ser-
vice to the Stale. In the committees on the Judiciary and
on Finance, and in open session, he has been heard often
and with edification. The members were w ise enough to

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462

lilOOKAPll ICA1. FNCYCLOP.FDJA.

know that lie could instruct them more than they could ac-
quire without him, that he told them the truth, and advo-
cated nothin;' lnil justice and equity; and there was no
danger in following one so faithful and intelligent, lie has
rendered a great service to his adopted city of Cincinnati,
and which is daily appreciated more and more. This i-, the
result of what is known as the “ Worthington llill,” which
requires cash payment in all city dealings ; he would even
have effected more, but his colleagues required to be edu-
cated to the task, and perhaps might not have supported
hint. The Southern R tilroad scheme, to the building of
which into Kentucky anti Tennessee, Cincinnati has been
committed by an evasion of the Ohio State Constitution, had
a sleepless and most formidable opponent in him. lie is a
thorough master of the principles involved, and has elab-
orately considered the facts and consequences of that heavy
expenditure. The first appropriation often millions of dol-
lars provided for by the Act of 4th May, 1869, he terms the
entering wedge for at least as much more, and a consequent
heavy if not fatal indebtedness of the city. lie struggled
for an act of the Legislature to amend or repeal the law of
1S69, on the ground of its unconstitutionality, and because
the so-called ancillary legislation of Kentucky and Tennes-
see was a heinous contradiction of the Ohio statute, by
divesting the city of its road, and vesting it__ in the trustees
under the statutes of both the other States, llis arguments
were able, exhaustive, vehement, overwhelming, and unan-
swerable. No one was prepared to reply to them, and they
have created a profound impression on all thoughtful men
throughout the State, leading them to oppose the scheme
for the construction of this road ; in fact, so perfect and con-
sistent has his reasoning been, that public opinion in Cin-
cinnati has been reversed. Of all the old Hamilton county
bar, he is the last survivor yet in practice, except Charles
Lux, who i-. sonic years his senior in age, and of the same
upright cli ir.uler and laborious professional habits. IVr-
soually, lie presents the figure of a student, tliiu face, blue-
eyes, and head slightly bald, lie is about live feet ten
inches in height, but not robust. He has been twice mar-
ried; first, in 1S25, to Mary, the eldest daughter of Judge
lturncl ; and in tSjq to Julia Wiggins, both of Cincinnati,
lie has had three sons, and William is his law partner, and
worthy of his position.

, ELA MATER, JOHN, M. D., I.L. D„ was born,
April 18th, 1787, in Chatham, New York, and
died, March, 1 S07 , in Cleveland, Ohio. As his
name indicates, his family were of French origin,
his ancestors having been Huguenot exiles who
found a refuge in Holland. They were inter-
married with the people of the country, and traces of that
Dutch descent were seen in the features of his face, lie
was originally destined to follow the occupation of his father,
that of farming. But a slight injury from over labor, when

a lad, rendered him unfit for farm work, and so it was de-
cided to til him for the ministry. The family removed to
Duancsburg, Schenectady county, where he was taught by
a Imcly educated clergyman, who had himself been edu-
cated abroad. 1 1 is own inclination was for the law, but to
please bis father he gave it up and began the study of
medicine. When nineteen years of age the Medical Society
of Otsego licensed him to practise, and he at once entered
into partnership with his uncle, I)r. Dorr, a physician in
Chatham. Three years later he removed to Florida, a town
in Montgomery county; later, after a year spent in Albany,
in I015, lie established himself in Sheffield, Berkshire
county, Massachusetts. At the expiration of eight years in
that place, in 1823, he was invited to a professorship in the
Berkshire Medical Institute at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. In
1S27, when a new medical college was opened lay the Re-
gents of the Slate of New York, for the benefit of the West-
ern District, at Fairfield, Herkimer county, he was invited
to a leading position in the faculty. He remained at Fair-
field eight years, and had acquired a reputation as a physi-
cian of the first rank. At that time Dr. Jackson, of Boston,
considered one of the ablest physicians in the United States,
said, in reply to a gentleman in Utica, who had sought his
advice in a peculiarly grave and obscure malady : “ You
have no need to write to me. You have Dr. Delamaler
near at hand, than whom there is no abler practitioner in
the country.” At this time he was forty years of age. From
Fairfield he removed to Willoughby, Ohio, having previ-
ously visited that Slate, and delivered a course of lectures
in Cincinnati, where he was urgently invited to remain as a
permanent instructor. lie however preferred the Medical
Institute at Willoughby, and remained at that place six
years. In 1842 he removed* to Cleveland, and with able
coadjutors organized and established the Cleveland Medical
College, the medic. d department of the Western Reserve
College. Not withstanding the professorship 111 his college,
he found time to deliver full courses of lectures at Bowdoill
College, Dartmouth, Geneva, ami at Cincinnati. His
manuscript notes show that he had delivered not less than
seventy courses of lectures, treating almost every subject
which belongs to medical science. At seventy-live years
of age, in 1S60, he closed his labors, having aided in the
instruction of more young men, in the science of medicine,
than any oilier man at that time. On resigning his active
duties at this period, he received the title of Doctor of
Laws and was made Professor Emeritus. Subsequently he
practised all that his infirmities would permit, and in doubt
fill and obscure cases bis opinion was sought. One of the
professors being temporarily absent on duties relating to the
war of the rebellion, lie consented to take the chair thus
temporarily vacant, and delivered fifty lectures, which
proved to he his last public instructions. He was a man of
rare refinement and of high cultivation ; and had few if any
indulgences. While he was speaking, few appreciated how
well and how thoroughly he was speaking; but when he

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

463

had concluded it was clear that the subject was exhausted ;
nothin'' of iin|>nrianee omitted. In every condition of life
- — -as a teacher, ax a colleague, as a biend, as a citi/en, ;n
an office heard in the church — the only (|ucslion with him
was o( simple justice, lie once said: “Through my most
active years I never went to bed without the consciousness
that I had done that day all that any man could require of
me, professionally or otherwise.” lie was one of the most
generous men, both with his professional ‘services and with
his money, wln> has ever lived in this country. An early
and decided advocate of temperance, he often lectured on
that subject with great force and eloquence, lie marie a
public profession of religion at the age of twenty-live, and,
like everything else about him, it was genuine, lie never
entered on any critical operation in surgery without first
making it a subject of prayer; and his family devotions
never were omitted, w hatever might be the pressure of his
professional calls. In politics he was always interested;
first as a Jefferson Republican, then an Adams Federalist,
then a strong supporter of the rising Democrat party. While
Jackson was President he changed his views, becoming a
Whig, and later a Republican, lie was from the first an
opponent of slavery ; yet the treatment he received at the
hands of colored men in Sheffield, in repayment for volun-
tary services as a physician, and his liberal gifts of what
money lie had, with base ingratitude, formed in him the
deeply-rooted conviction that the negro is by nature unfit
for citizenship. This opinion he maintained until his death.

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0NKI.1NG, WILLIAM M., was born, March
nth, 1815, in Butler county, Ohio, near the vil-
lage of Reily. lie is the first of nine children
of Isaac Colliding and Rebecca (Marsh) Conk-
ling, both natives of New Jersey. Isaac Colliding
was a blacksmith and farmer, who moved to
Ohio in 1805, in company w ith his father, Joseph Colliding,
and his uncle, Stephen Colliding. They settled in Hamil-
ton county, at the point now known as Fast Walnut Hills,
near Cincinnati. The Couklings were among the best as
well as earliest settlers of Hamilton county. William M.’s
mother was a daughter of John Marsh, who settled in
Hamilton county in 1794. The subject of this sketch re-
ceived his early education in the schools of Cincinnati,
under the instruction of John L. Tolbert, a prominent edu-
cator of that city. He was bred a farmer, working with
his father until his twenty fourth year, when he rented a
farm from his father in Sycamore township. At the end of
ten years, in 1849, by industry and frugality he had accu-
mulated enough to enable him to buy a home, lie pur-
chased the 1. 11111 upon which he now resides, in Sycamore
township, lie has always taken great interest in the affairs
of his township, especially in its educational interests. For
fifteen years he has been a Supervisor, lie has been an

active member of the Presbyterian Church for many years.
Politically he is a Republican. He is held in high esteem
in his locality, where he has lived the life- of an honest,
public-spit iled citizen. In 1839 Mr. ('tinkling married
Elizabeth 1). Glenn, daughter ol Isaac Glenn, a prominent
farmer of Hamilton county. Six children have been born
of this union.

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VANS, HON. NATHAN, Lawyer, was born, June
24th, 1S04, in Belmont county, Ohio. His par-
ents emigrated to Ohio in 1803, from Loudon
county, Virginia, where his father was a farmer.
Until 1830 Nathan attended the county school in
winter and worked on the farm in summer, acting
as County Clerk in 1827 and the following year. After
leaching school for a short time, in 1830 he read law with
General James Weir, at St. Clairsville. At the end of one
year he was admitted to the bar and opened his office at
Hillsborough. Here he remained one year ; but being at-
tacked by typhoid fever, he left for Cambridge. Here he
recovered his health and was elected Prosecuting Attorney
for Guernsey county, holding the office for four years. In
1S46 Mr. Evans w'as elected to represent the district com-
posed of Guernsey and Belmont counties. He served a
second term with credit to himself ami satisfaction to his
constituents, and then resumed practice in Cambridge, In
1858 lie was elected a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas for a term of five years, lie continued the practice
of law until 1873. April 151I1, 1S34, he married Elizabeth
Jane Way. January 9th, 1855, he married Susan M. Lap-
land; and January 9th, 1865, he was joined to Tirseh
Duvall. '

1 AM BI .1 N, EMMETT, Coal Operator, was born in
Madison county, New York, August 31st, 1826.
His father and mother were both natives of New
York. His parents moved to Pennsylvania in
1829; thence to Steuben coilnty, New York, in
1834; and finally settled in Hocking county,
Ohio, in 1838. Emmett received his education in the
schools of 1 locking county. His father dying January 201 h,
1839, the support of his mother and sister devolved upon
young Emmett. He assumed the charge willingly and
with stout heart, determined to make the best of his oppor-
tunities. He secured work as a laborer on the Hocking
Canal, and was so employed for six years. From 1845
until 1847 he was engaged on a farm. In the latter year
he rented a farm, which he tilled until 18O0, when he pur-
chased a farm in Hocking county. In this year he was
elected Treasurer of Hocking county, being re-elected at
the expiration of his term, in 1862. He vacated this office
in 18(15. In the meantime he continued farming and stock
raising until 1S69, when he sold his land to the county for

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464

BIOGRAP1I 1CAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

an infirmary, ami resigned the County Commissionership to
which ho had boon elected in 1X07. Since then he lias
lii-on engaged in operating and speculating in coal lands in
I linking and Pciiy cininties. lie was the first in Ids see-
lion to linn Ids attention tu the valuable deposits of coal
which had lain there awaiting the energy and enterprise
that should develop them. A life of thrift and industry has
enabled him to become possessed of some of the best coal
lands in Ohio. Mr. llamblin now ma’kes his home in
I.ogan county. May 16th, 1847, Mr. llamblin married
Calistia Cook, of Hocking county, who has borne him four
hoys, all living.

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?SII ELMAN, HON. EPHRAIM Lb, was born,
December 8th, 1830, in Lancaster county, Penn-
sylvania. He is the son of Peter Eshelman and
Mary (Carlysle) Eshelman. He began hi.edu-
(9~7_cf cation in the common schools of his native State,
and finished at a select boarding-school. He
learned his trade as a printer in the office of The Intelli-
gencer, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Shortly after reaching
his majority he went to Ohio and worked a few years at his
trade in Trumbull county. In 1853 he purchased the
Chillicothe Advertiser, which he edited and published until
January 1st, 1865, when he became connected with the
daily Oh ip Statesman , as part owner and editor-in-chief,
lie retained this connection until February, 1869, since
which lime lie has been editor and half owner of the Wayne
County Democrat, published at Wooster. Mr. Eshelman
was Postmaster at Chillicothe under Iluchanan’s administra-
tion. In 1873 he was elected from Wayne county, as a
Democrat, to the Ohio House of Representatives. He was
Chairman of the Committee on Finance and a member of
the Committees on Federal Relations and Public Printing.
Mr. Eshelman is a forcible writer and an effective speaker.

In the latter year he commenced the study of law in George-
town, lirown county, under the supervision of Grafton B,
White and llunton L. Penn, prominent attorneys of that
place, lie pursued his studies with gieat industry and
application, and having passed the rec|uisile examination,
was admitted to the bar April 1st, 1846. During his first
year his receipts were actually less than one dollar; but his
practice began to increase, and he has continued to reside
in Georgetown until the present time, and has been con-
stantly occupied with professional duties, except when in
the service of his country as a soldier in the field. In
June, 1847,11c joined the 4th Regiment Ohio Volunteers,
and accompanied that command to Mexico, lie was an
active participant in nunu rous skirmishes ami minor engage-
ments in that country. Shortly after his enlistment he was
promoted to a Second Lieutenancy in Company G. His
term of service was about thirteen months, until the close
of the war. In 1862 he was commissioned Colonel of the
89th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with
his command about three months in Kentucky, when he
resigned, and returning to Georgetown, resumed the duties
of his profession. He was Prosecuting Attorney of Brown
county for two years, and a member of the lower branch of
the Legislature for a like period, lie has, in general,
neither sought nor accepted public offices of a political or
partisan nature, lie was a Whig until the disintegration
of that party, and has since co-operated with the Demo-
crats. lie was enthusiastic in his admiration of, and in his
friendship for, the late Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Re-
ligiously his views are not circumscribed by the doctrines
of any particular church. He is agreeable, affable, and
courteous in manner, and of unimpeachable honesty and
integrity. He was marrictr in 1849 to Ann B., sister of
lion. Chilton White, of Cincinnati. She died in 1863.
During the following year he was united in marriage to
Amanda Jenkins, a native of Brown county, Ohio.

ftX

Wilt ARS1IAI.L, JOHN G., Soldier and Lawyer, was
clli M'y 3'h 1823, in Trumbull county, Ohio,

<^111 and is the fourth of six children, whose parents

were John and Margaret M. (Grant) Marshall;
u a the latter being a sister of Jesse Grant, an early
pioneer of Clermont county, and father of General
Ulysses S. Grant, now President of the United States. She
was born in Pennsylvania, John Marshall, her husband,
was a native of Virginia who settled in Trumbull county at
an early day, and who followed through life both agricul-
tural and trading pursuits. John G. Marshall was early
trained to industry. From the age of nine until he was
fourteen years old he worked in the tannery of his uncle,
Jesse Grant, and then entered a printing office, where he
learned the mysteries of that art, and worked at this occu-
pation in various parts of Ohio and Kentucky until 1845.

ERR1E, WILLIAM, Physician, was born, March
15th, 1817, in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania,
lie is the youngest of six children of John Ferrie
and Catherine (Friel) Ferrie. His father was a
native of France and a civil engineer by profes-
sion, who settled in Lancaster county and lived
there until his death, about 1820. His mother, Catherine
Friel, was a native of Ireland, and died in 1835. William’s
early education was liberal, being received in the common
schools and at the Moravian Academy in his native county.
In the meantime he labored industriously to support him-
self and his widowed mother, as well as to accumulate
something for his start in life. At the age of twenty-five he
had secured a liberal general education, and was ready to
begin a professional course. In 1843 he commenced to
read medicine under Dr. P. W. Melone, of Cornwall,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

465

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Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. He read with Dr. Melone
for three years, in the meantime attending lectures at the
Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia. Having re-
ceived his diploma as Doctor ol Medicine, he located at
Earmersvillc, Montgomery county, Ohio, where lie prac-
tised for about live months. In the fall of 184b Dr. Ferric
removed to Mount Pleasant, Hamilton county, where he
has since remained. By the same industry and energy as
enabled him to acquire his profession, he has worked him-
self into an extensive and profitable practice. After thirty
years of active professional labor Dr. Ferric is blessed with
the full enjoyment of his physical and mental faculties.
Ilis First wife was Mary Ginley, of Lancaster county, Penn-
sylvania, who died in the spring of 1847. He married, in
1850, for his second wife, Mary Martin, of Hamilton county,
daughter of Samuel Marlin, a pioneer and for several years
Treasurer of Hamilton county.

JLi

G- ^OOPFR, SPENCER, M. D., Physician and Coh-
o’.’

ff

tractor, was born, October 8th, 1816, in Mdl-
crcck township, Hamilton county, Ohio, and is
the third of ten children, whose parents wen
Thomas anil Hannah (Steward) Cooper. Ilis
father was a native of Greenbrier county, Vir-
ginia, who was a farmer by occupation. He removed to
Ohio as early as 1702, locating first at Fort Washington —
now Cincinnati — and subsequently removing to Millcreck
township, where lie settled temporarily on* a faun, and
finally purchased a plantation near Reading, where here-
sided until his death, which took place on June 51I1, 1851.
During his long life he was identified with the public inter-
ests in various capacities, and served as County Commis-
sioner ol I lamillon county lor sixteen years. He w as also
a Captain in the army during the war of 1S12. Dr. Cooper’s
early education was obtained in the common schools; but
he has, however, been through life a close reader and a
keen observer. He was early taught to labor, and at the
age of twenty years began life on his own resources as a
tanner. He had already entered upon a course of reading
in order to qualify himself for the profession of medicine,
but subsequently had renounced the idea of prosecuting his
studies, at least for a time. From 1836 to 1S40 he was
assiduously engaged in farming, and was also a contractor
on various public uoiks. He next resumed his medical
studies, and in 1S44 graduated from the Ohio Eclectic
Medical College with the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
He commenced the practice of his profession in ti e Slate
of Missouii,and thence removed to New Orleans. Having
his health mm h impaired, he abandoned medicine and re-
turned home, having been absent about live years, lie
recommenced his old occupation of farmer and contractor
near Reading, Hamilton county, where lie has ever since
resided. He is now principally engaged as a contractor on

5')

the Southern Railroad, running from Cincinnati to Knox-
ville and Chattanooga. He adheres to the measures of the
Republican party, although he is no politician, nor has he
ever held any ollice whatever. He is a Baptist in religious
faith. Socially he is pleasant and courteous, has a linn
demeanor, and is a man whose life has been one of rugged
and varied experience.

I

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EACH, HON. ALLEN J., representative from
Knox county in the Sixty-first General Assembly
of Ohio, was born, September 23d, 1S30, in
Livingston county, New York, and is a son of
Allen and Amanda (Root) Beach, lie received
his education in the common schools of Knox
county, Ohio, and was early trained in habits of industry.
When twenty years of age he began business on his own
account as a butcher and victualler, and carried it on very
successfully for twenty years. He has taken a great inter-
est in political matters, and has ever been an unwavering
and consistent Democrat, serving as a member of the
County Democratic Committee for a number of years, and
has repeatedly been a delegate to various conventions of
that parly. In 1862 he was elected Sheriff on the Demo-
cratic ticket, and was renominated in 1864, but failed of an
election. In 1S68 he was again nominated, and received a
majority of the votes cast, and was re-elected in 1870, thus
serving in that office for a period of six years in all. In
1873 lie was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature,
and during the sessions of that laxly served on the Commit-
tee on Federal Relations, and also on that of the Peniten-
tiary, being Chairman of the latter. Ilis earnest manner
and sterling honesty have gained him many friends, and he
has a decided influence in the house of which he is a mem-
ber. He was married, January 1st, 1S50, to Matilda
Buckland, of Knox county, by whom he has had five chil-
dren, all of whom have died.

S?

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i/A' IIIPI.EY, WILLIAM S., M. D., Physician and
Superintendent of the Cincinnati Sanitarium,

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located at College Hill, was born, October iSlh,
1S10, at Lexington, Kentucky. He is the third
of seven children, whose parents were Rev.
Stephen and Amelia (Stout) Chipley. Ills father
was a native of Maryland, who was but seven years old
when he removed to Kentucky, and where he resided until
his death, in 1852. He was a zealous Methodist clergy-
man. Dr. Chiplev’s mother was a native of Lexington,
Kentucky, where she was born in 17SS, and is yet living
with her son at the Sanitarium, lie received a liberal edu-
cation at the Transylvania University, and in 1829 com-
menced the study of medicine under the supervision of that
eminent surgeon, Dr. B. W. Dudley, of Lexington. He

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466

BIOGK API HCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

graduated in 1S32 from the medical department of the
Transylvania University, and in the same year located at
Columbus, Georgia, where he practised his profession until
1 ‘'•14 , when he returned to Lexington, and was there engaged
in the general practice of medicine until 1 S 5 5 , and Irom
1853 to 1855 was Professor of the Theory and Practice of
M cdicine in the university. In the latter year he was elected
Superintendent of the Kentucky Eastern Lunatic Asylum,
at Lexington, which he accepted, and these duties engaged
his attention for fifteen years, lie resigned this position in
1870, and founded a private institution for the cure of mental
and nervous disorders, which was situated near Lexington,
lie continued there two years, when the building was de-
stroyed by fire. lie then opened a similar establishment
within the city limits, which he operated for another period
of two years. In July, 1875, he accepted the position of
Superintendent of the Sanitarium, at College 1 1 ill , near Cin-
cinnati. This institution is the only one of its kind in the
West, and its character is dwelt upon sufficiently in the
biographical sketches of Dr. S. K. Beckwith and Professor
Peek in another part of this volume. Dr. Chipley has the
exclusive management of the Sanitarium, both in its entire
medical and moral methods of treatment.

fffrjf HEELER, BENJAMIN D., D. D. S., Surgeon-
Dentist, was born, July, 1815, in the town of
Orange, Massachusetts. 1 1 is parents were of
English descent; his mother was a member of the
Dexter family. 1 1 is education was only that
afforded by the winter schools of those days. lie
left home when but fourteen years old, and engaged in such
pursuits as suited his boyish fancy, and were followed in
various localities from Massachusetts to Missouri. Previous
to 1839 he returned home, and early in that year his uncle,
Jonathan Wheeler, shipped a cargo of wooden buckets to
Cincinnati via the Atlantic ocean to New Orleans, and de-
spatched him across the country to take charge of the stock
when it should reach its destination. On this trip he trav-
elled by railway to Philadelphia and Columbia, Pennsyl-
vania, thence by canal to Pittsburgh, and by the river to
Cincinnati. The Ohio river being very low, the buckets
were delayed, and being out of employment, he began to
look for something wherewith to occupy his time. Strolling
about one day he chanced to enter a book auction store,
somewhere on Fourth street, and there discovered a copy of
“ Bell on the Teeth.” The thought immediately arose as to
the feasibility of his becoming a dentist; whereupon he left
the book and the store at once and started to put the thought
into effect. At that time there were but five dental offices
in Cincinnati. In his tour of investigation he called on Dr.
John Allen, and soon made a contract whereby the latter
was to teach him the mysteries of the lancet, key ami forceps
for the sum of two hundred dollars, that amount to be paid

Dr. Allen for the privilege of working in his office and
learning what the doctor could teach him in two years. He
passed that period with his preceptor, ami at the expiration
iif Ins apprenticeship opened an office at Mount Sterling,
Kentucky, lie did a very successful business while he so-
journed there, and formed many acquaintances, but he soon
returned to Cincinnati and joined Dr. Allen. He established
offices, at various times, at Xenia, Springfield and other
towns ; for dentists in those days were in the habit of trav-
elling from town to town, a custom which yet obtains in some
parts of the Union. In 184S he permanently located in his
own office in Cincinnati, where he still continues in the
practice of his profession. However, he has visited other
towns, among them Urbana, w here he made no inconsider-
able practice. He was present when the Mississippi Valley
Association originated. This is the oldest dental organiza-
tion west of the mountains, if not in the world. It was first
designed purely as a “ social ” for Cincinnati dentists, but
was really the germ of the valley organization into which it
soon developed. In this not very social group also the Ohio
College of Dental Surgery was conceived, of which he has
been for many years a member of its Board of Trustees.
Several years after its establishment he received a diploma
from the college, which had conferred on him the honorary
degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. He keeps pace with
all the advances in his profession, and has made a specialty
of the beautiful continuous gum-work, first introduced and
perfected by his old preceptor, Dr. Allen, now of New York.
Although no politician, he has served a three-years’ term as
a Republican member of the School Board. He is a prom-
inent Mason, having been a member of one lodge for over
thirty years, and is also a Sir Knight of the Templars. So-
cially he is courteous and Affable, and in his office contracts
many friendships; liberal and generous everywhere, he en-
joys the esteem of all who know him. He was married,
March, 1843, lu l-6za Allen, a sister of Dr. John Allen, his
old preceptor.

origin.

AI.LACE, IlON. WILLIAM HTT, Merchant
and Senator from the hirst District, Hamilton
county, was born, September 25th, 1S31, in the
county of Down, Ireland, and is a son of Hugh
and Matilda (Gibson) Wallace, formerly inn-
keepers in said county. The family is of Scotch
He was educated in the public schools of Belfast,
and accompanied his parents in their emigration to the
United States in 1846. The family at first located in Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania, where he finished his education at a
night-school. In 1850 the family removed to Cincinnati,
and his father engaged in the wholesale grocery business,
but only carried it on for a year, when he abandoned it and
commenced the w holesale hat and cap trade. William him-
self embarked in the same trade on his own account in 1858,
and in which he has ever since continued, the present firm

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

467

being Wallace & Ringed. IK- has been a must successful
merchant, which is due to his business tact, untiring energy
and industry, lie has ever taken a great interest in the
cause of public education, and has served as a member of
the School Hoard in the village of Avondale, where he re-
sides. II is political creed is that of the Democratic party,
but he is no politician and never sought a public office, lie
accepted, however, the nomination by the Democratic party
in I S73 as Senator from the Hamilton District, which was
tendered him without solicitation for that honor on his part,
and was elected. in the autumn of that year. On taking his
seat in that body he was named to and has served on several
of its most important committees, including Manufactures
and Commerce, of which he was made Chairman ; on
Municipal Corporations, Railroads and Turnpikes, Soldiers’
and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home, Insurance and on Sanitary
Daws. He was married, June, 1859, to Mary Drama Mor-
gan, of Philadelphia, with whom he has had ten children,
eight of whom survive.

DIMPLE, JOHN, Inventor and Manufacturer, was
€) III born, February 3d, 1821, in Aberdeenshire, Scot-
L ) I J | land, and is a son of Robert and Christina (Allen)

joq Temple, people in moderate circumstances who
followed the quiet occupation of fanning, llis
father w'as a captain in the militia, and his mother
was the daughter of Captain Robert Allen, of the royal
navy. John enjoyed the educational advantages of the paro-
chial schools of his native county until he was seventeen
years old, when lie was apprenticed to learn the trade of
machinist and mechanical engineer at the town of Cuba-
dona. lie served five years at his trade, and after attaining
his majority was employed for one year as a journeyman in
Scotland. In April, 1 S43, he left home to seek his fortune
in America, and having a natural proclivity for general
mechanics he soon became familiar with the details of mill-
building, which he carried on in Canada until the year 1S48,
when he entered the States, first at Buffalo, and afterwards
resided at Sandusky. In July, 1831, he arrived at Dayton,
where he followed mill building along the valley of the
Miami, and in 1S54 became associated with two partners,
under the firm-name of Stout, Mills & Temple, in the manu-
facture of mill-machinery, which firm has long been widely
known as among the most extensive and enterprising manu-
facturers of mill machinery in the West. In 1859 lie ob-
tained a patent for the American turbine wheel, an invention
whose importance may be inferred from the fact that although
it was followed by a great number of imitations as close as
the law would permit, continued for more than a decade to
almost monopolize the market, and of which over three
thousand have been manufactured at the shops of the firm.
The case as well as the wheel is his invention and the sub-
ject of a patent. In 1873 both these patents were renewed
by the government for seven years. He is also the author

or projector of several other inventions of importance, but
on which lie has neglected to secure patents. Prominent
among these arc the universal feed for boring mills and drill -
presses, also an engine for cutting and automatic-counting
the teeth of wheels. The drill feed has come into general
use, and would have been the source of a handsome revenue
if he had not neglected to secure a patent. From the above
recital of the principal events of his career, it is scarcely
needless to observe that he is emphatically a self-made man.
The success of his life affords a very encouraging example
to the young mechanic who is desirous and ambitious of
rising above the sphere and position of a mere journeyman.
Although he is a man of established business and large
means, the unblemished integrity of his character will be the
best portion of his children’s inheritance. He was married,
April 6th, 1S53, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Henry Reddick,
of Treble county, Ohio ; they have two sons living, two
daughters and one son having died in infancy.

’NEIL, WILLIAM J., Merchant and President of
the Board of Education of Cincinnati, was born,
October 23d, 1841, in Milford, Clermont county,
Ohio. He is of Irish descent, his parents having
left the old country in 1S32 and located originally
at Cincinnati. He was educated at St. Francis
Xavier College in that city, whither his parents removed
from Milford in iS45,and where lie has ever since resided.
He entered Applegate & Co.’s book store in 1855, and re-
mained with them until the outbreak of the civil war in 1861,
w hen he enlisted in the militia, and was for three months
engaged in guarding bridges on the line of the Marietta &
Cincinnati Railroad, at the expiration of which time he
enlisted in the 10th Ohio Regiment for three years’ service.
He was connected with that command in various capacities
until September, 1863, when he was honorably discharged
and returned to Cincinnati. He engaged in the stationery
trade with James Yates, with whom he remained until that
gentleman retired from business, when he effected an en-
gagement with Stone & Stewart, and finally in 1867 became
a clerk in the store of J. R. Mills, continuing in that capacity
until January, 1872, w hen he was admitted to a partnership,
under the firm-name of J. R. Mills & Co. llis political
creed is that of the Democratic party. In 1868 he was
elected a member of the Board of Education from the First
Ward, in which he has served with distinction, having been
from time to time re-elected, and now represents the Fourth
Ward in that body; he was elected to the office of President
of the Board in April, 1875. He has been a member of
the Board of Managers of the Public Library since 1S73,
President since July, 1874. He has been a member of the
Democratic State Central Committee from the First District
since 1871. lie is no office-seeker, and has three times de-
clined nominations to office tendered him by the citizens of

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EI0GRAPI11CAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

his ward. lie is a public -spirited citizen and an earnest
and vigorous promoter of building societies and other insti-
tutions for the advancement of workingmen, lie lias been
1‘resident of the St. Erancis Xavier Society for a number of
years, and is prominent in all the benevolent woik of the
Roman Catholic Church, ol which he is a devoted and
faithful member.

ACE, WILLIAM 11., Shirt Manufacturer, was
born, July 2ylh, 1830, in the city of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. His father was a native of New
Jersey, while his mother was born in Pennsyl-
vania. lie received but a limited education in
the public schools of his native city, and then
learned the trade of brush-making, continuing in that avoca-
tion for seven years. lie subsequently removed to Erie,
Pennsylvania, where he embarked in the hat, cap, fur and
furnishing goods business, lie eventually relinquished this
enterprise and proceeded to Cleveland, Ohio, which he
reached in January, i860, and became interested in a shirt
manufactory which he established, and which is now the
oldest of its kind in that city, its business having progressed
most favorably. His political faith is that of the Republican,
but he has neither sought nor held any public office, lie
was married, October, 1857, to Lizzie 1!., daughter of R. T.
McCarter, Hour inspector, of Philadelphia.

ARROUN, CHESTER IIANNUM, I). D.S., was
born at Corfu, (ienesce county, New York, [uly
1 7th, 1829, of Scolch-Irish and Italian extraction,
lie received his preliminary education at an
academic school in Sylvania, Lucas county, Ohio.
In youth he evinced a decided taste for the study
of medicine, which profession he determined to adopt, He
began to read with Hr. E. E. liblcy, Sylvania, Ohio, in
iS.p) (now in Santa Cruz, California), but lading health
soon obliged him to choose another vocation. He applied
himself to dentistry, and began to practise in Sylvania in
1851. After remaining here for two years he moved to
Toledo, forming a partnership with Dr. John Estele, now
deceased. At the end of a year he dissolved his connection
with Hr. Estele, and has since practised in Toledo, with the
exception of two years, when he travelled in the West,
locating in Elkhart, Indiana, one year. Upon his return to
Toledo he pursued his profession alone until 1857, when he
was joined by Mr. R. L. Evans. This partnership continued
until September of 1864, conducting business by himself
until March, 1875, when he was joined by Hr. J. M. Porter,
forming the present firm of llarroun & Porter. Hr. Ilarroitn
has been eminently successful through all these years, and
bears the reputation ol being one of the Inst dentists in

Toledo. He is a member of several dental associations, anil
a charter-member of the Ohio State Dental Society. Orig-
inally a Whig, Hr. llarioun’s alfiliation is now with the
Republican party. He was married, September 201I1, 1854,
to Emily J, Cud well, ol Sylvania, Lucas county, Ohio.

IOGINS, THOMAS W., Lawyer, was born, June
J Sill, 1825. lie is the second son of four children,
the issue of John Higgins and Parnelle Ashley.
11 is father was a native of Vermont, an agricul-
turist and lawyer, who settled in Knox county,
Ohio, in 1S10. Here he accumulated consider-
able property, was prominently identified with public enter-
prises, and died March 1st, 1S74. The mother of our sub-
ject was born in New Hampshire, and died in 1831, while
Thomas was but six years ol age. Deprived so early in life
of a mother’s tender care, it would not have been surprising
if he hail grown up with a less vigorous moral constitution.
Happily the wise guidance of his father gave bent and force
to his good inclinations and fitted him for a useful part in
life. Until his seventeenth year he alternated between the
farm in the summer and the district school in the winter,
lie did not coniine himself to the restricted curriculum of
the country school, but extended his course of reading to
works of a higher order. In 1845 he entered Oberlin Col-
lege, where for several years he applied himself industriously
to the classics and general literature. liming his collegiate
course he taught school for one term. In 1850 he went to
the law school at Ralston Spa, New York, and was subse-
quently admitted to the bar at Albany, New York. He next
located at buffalo, pursuing jps profession for about one year,
when hewvcnt to New York city, remaining there for three
years. In 1855 Mr. 1 1 iggins went abroad and spent one
year in travelling through (ireat Ihiluiu. In Dublin lie met
ML-. Isabella Wade, daughter of Mr. Samuel Wade, a prom-
inent wool merchant of that city. Shortly before leaving
for home in 1S56 he was united in marriage with Miss
W ide. Returning to this country, he wrote and published
•• The ( rooked Elm, or 1 . i fe by the Wayside,” a book which
was well received anil met with a large sale. In 1S58 Mr.
Higgins took up his residence at loledo, Ohio, where he
practised law until 1S60, when he removed to Waverly,
Pike county, his present home. I11 1861 he recruited Com-
pany 15, 73d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and went to the front
with a captain’s commission. He bore a creditable part in
the memorable battles of Cross Keys, Chancellorsyille,
Gettysburg, Resaca, Dallas, Kcnesaw Mountain, Raccoon
Ridge, Missionary Ridge, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta,
and marched with Sherman to the sea. At Resaca lie was
wounded in the left side by a Minie ball, and in the head
in the last battle in North Carolina. Ilis gallantry on the
field secured him first a Major’s and then a Lieutenant-
Colonel's commission. During part of his service he com-

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B I OG R A P 1 1 1 C A L ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

460

manded )iis regiment. lie was mustered out in 1865, and
returned to Ids home in Waverly. He lias achieved an
enviable reputation as a lawyer and literaleur. lie takes
great interest in popular education, and has been more or
less identified with the schools of Pike county. Whether
as a lawyer, writer, or soldier, Colonel Higgins has dis-
played a character remarkable for industry and integrity.
Frank and affable of manner, he has gained the respect of
all who know him. In politics he is a. Democrat. In re-
ligious feeling he is bound by no particular church limita-
tions. lie is one of Pike county’s most prominent citizens.

k

UBBARD, WILLIAM BLACKS TONE, Lawyer,
Bank President, Railroad President and States-
man, was born at Utica, New York, August 2O1I1,
1795, and after receiving an academical educa-
tion studied law with Silas Storr, a maternal
uncle; and, having completed his studies accord-
ing to the then custom prevalent in the profession, removed
to St. Clairsville, Ohio, and commenced the practice of his
profession in lSt6. I i is location and rapidly increasing
business soon brought him into contact and competition
with some of the best minds of his profession then west of
the Allegheny mountains. It was not long until, by his
talents, industry and energy, he placed himself abreast
with and became the rival and compeer of such distin-
guished lawyers as Charles Hammond, of St. Clairsville,
Benjamin Tappan, John C. Wright and John M. Gooden-
otigh, of Steubenville, and Philip Dodridge, of Wheeling,
Virginia. His ability and success at the bar were so
marked as to commend him to popular favor, and he was
repeatedly chosen to represent the people of his county and
distiict in the House of Representatives and Senate of the
Slate, and was one time chosen to preside over the House
of Representatives, in which position his readiness, in-
dustry, skill and impartiality in the discharge of his duties
secured for him the unanimous approval of that distin-
guished body of representative men. In 1 S 1 7 he married
the beautiful and interesting daughter of Sterling Johnston,
Esq., of St. Clairsville, who proved to be a judicious and
faithful companion, and by whom he had eight children,
five of whom survived at the time of his decease. Mr.
Hubbard was an ardent and enthusiastic Free Mason; he
was Master of a lodge at St. Clairsville and at Columbus,
representing each at various times in the Grand Lodge of
the State, in which he was elevated to the Oriental chair,
and served with distinction for many years. Previous to
his election as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge its affairs
bad fallen into a state ol demoralization ami disorder, but
during his administration it was resuscitated, and order,
activity and prosperity assumed the places of confusion,
lethargy and embarrassment. Ilis eminent success as

Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio designated him
as a suitable person for the highest office in Templar
Masonry in the United States. He was elected Grand
Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States in
1S47, in which capacity he served with great distinction for
twelve years. When he was elected to preside over the
Grand Encampment it was weak in numbers and its influ-
ence insignificant. By his talent, knowledge and industry
he soon raised it to the highest state of organization, pros-
perity and inlluence. He was eminently qualified for
financial pursuits, to which he gave much attention and in
which he met with great success. He was President of a
local bank in St. Clairsville ; President of the Exchange
Bank of Columbus, under what was known as Kelly's
banking Jaw ; President of the First National Bank of
Columbus (the Inst national bank organized in the capital
of Ohio), and died in the occupancy of that position. The
lion. S. P. Chase, while Governor of Ohio, and afterwards
a-* Secretary of the Treasury of the United Slates, consulted
Mr. Hubbard upon financial questions, and held his opin-
ions in high estimation. In science, literature, philosophy
and the arts lie was as well versed as any man of his time.
He was a close student, and there w'ere few subjects of in-
terest that he did not make himself thoroughly master of.
Ilis memory was remarkable and retained everything he
read; his fund of information was, therefore, large, varied
and ready at command ; his conversational powers were of
a superior order, and in Ins hours of relaxation from study
and business he was a most genial and interesting com-
panion. He was a Trustee of the Ohio University, from
which he received the degree of I.L. IJ.; was President
of the Columbus A Xenia Railroad Company ; founder and
first President of Green I ,au>i Cemetery; and was appointed
on the committee that visited Washington City in the in-
terests of Columbus, to procure the location of the United
States Arsenal at the capital of Ohio. Of large public
spirit, be was coimecled with anil fostered all the railroads
entering at Columbus and all the local improvements of his
day. lie died January 5th, 1S66.

VNNEY, JOHN JAY, was born near Goose Creek
Meeting House, Loudon county, Virginia, on
April 25th, 1812. His parents were members of
the religious Society of Friends. The founder
of the family emigrated to this country with
William Penn, in 1684, and his descendants
have constituted a large and influential portion of the
Society of Friends since that time. It is believed that the
immediate line of descent of the subject of this sketch has
been an unbroken one of farmers from its beginning in
this country. His father dying when he was but one
month old, both mother and child returned to her father's

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

house, in whose family lie lived until his twentieth year,
lie commenced attending the Friends’ school at Goose
C reek Meeting 11 ouse when about six years md, and con-
tinued in said school until his lifleeulh year, and during
the winter until Ills iiiiieieculli, working un the farm dining
the summers of the last four years. In his twentieth year
he attended a day school in Alexandria six months, de-
voting his time to “ Euclid’s Elements,” beyond which and
algebraic equations of the third degree his school studies
never went. In his twentieth year, becoming dissatisfied
with slavery and its influences, he left his native Stale and
removed to Warren county, Ohio, where he spent fifteen
years, from 1833 to 1S48, being engaged in teaching a
country and village school and land surveying, with a short
experiment at merchandising. During the winters of
1844-45-46-47 he served as Assistant Clerk in the House
of Representatives of Ohio, during his service becoming
acquainted with and gaining the friendship of many of the
leading men of the State, and he has been often heard to
express great gratification at never having had anything to
interfere with the friendships so formed. I11 the fall of
1S47 the lion. Samuel Galloway, then Secretary of State,
ollered Mr. Janney the position of chief clerk in his office,
which was accepted and held during Mr. Galloway’s term,
at the expiration of which his successor, lion. Henry W.
King, wished him to continue in the position he held, but
he had been elected, without his own knowledge, Secretary
of the Hoard of Control of the State Hank of Ohio, which
position he accepted May 1st, 1851, and held until the ex-
piration of the charter, in 1 S05 . He then served as Chief
Clerk in the Columbus Post-office one year, when he was
elected Secretary ami Treasurer of the Columbus & Hock-
ing Valley Railroad Company, which position he now
holds. In his youth he w'.as noted among his playmates
and acquaintances for his fondness for study. He read
everything he could get hold of, and has been heard to
regret that he was not born twenty-live vtars later, so that
he could have read the Atlantic or Scribner in his boyhood.
His mind at an early age was deeply interested in science,
and without ever having devoted himself to any particular
branch, so as to become in any sense a scholar, he has
acquired a superficial acquaintance with nearly all branches
of natural science. He has always been an active and
earnest friend of public schools. lie wrote and published,
soon after removing to Ohio, an address in favor of free
public schools, and of requiring every child of suitable age
and organization to spend a portion of its time in them.
He aided in establishing a circulating library in Spring-
borough, where lie first resided after his removal to .Ohio,
which is still in successful existence, and, upon his removal
to Columbus, aided in establishing the Athenaeum Library
and Reading-room, and drafted and had passed through
the City Council the ordinance establishing the now flour-
ishing Free Public Library and Reading-room of that city.
He has been repeatedly elected qnd appointed to municipal

offices, village, township, city and corporation, having been
a member of the Hoard of Health, Hoard of Education,
Hoard of Police Commissioners, Director of the Ohio Peni-
tentiary, member of the ( ily Council and Secretary of the
Republican State Committee. lie has held some public
trust, he has occupied some public position, involving
some degree of trust, during forty years of his life, and has
always fulfilled his duty with fidelity. He was raised a
Whig, inheriting anti-slavery sentiments, and therefore
needed no conversion to become a Republican, lie has
been, since his boyhood, a warm advocate of the temper-
ance cause, having spoken and written freely on the sub-
ject. He wrote and distributed ten thousand copies of a
tract against the license to retail intoxicating drinks, at the
time that question was last submitted to the people of
Ohio, in 1874. Mr. Janney was married in 1835 to
Rebecca Anne Smith, then a citizen of Pennsylvania, but
a native of the same county as himself.

LACKHURN, JOSEPH MARTIN, Architect and
Builder, was born, November 251I1, 1S20, at
Cudworth, West Riding, Yorkshire, England.
Lie was educated at the national schools of his
native place. At the age of fourteen years he
left school and home to learn the trade of archi-
tect, carpenter and builder. lie entered himself for in-
struction with William 8: Thomas Topam, at Ack worth,
near Ponlifr.net, Yorkshire. Here he served an apprentice-
ship of seven years, thoroughly mastering the practical
details of his trade and devoting his leisure hours to study-
ing the theory of architecture At the close of his appren-
ticeship Mr. Blackburn spent about four years at Ack worth,
being employed as architect and superintendent in the con-
struction of the most prominent buildings there at that
time. Impressed with the belief that the new world
offered a broader and better field than the old for ability
and industry, he resolved to come to America and try his
fortune, lie landed at New York, July 4th, 1S50. On the
15th of the same month he went to Cleveland, Ohio,
where he has since resided. Mr. Blackburn has been the
architect and builder of many of the finest private and
public structures in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois,
Wisconsin and the District of Columbia. He planned and
built the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Columbus, Ohio, one
of the largest and finest public buildings in the country,
lie was also the architect of the Central Ohio Insane
Asylum. Mr. Blackburn has made it the rule of his life to
give his strict and personal attention to the execution of
every commission intrusted to him. II is works stand as so
many monuments of faithful, conscientious discharge of
duly. By pursuing an upright, straightforward course he
has earned an enviable reputation as a correct business
man and n citizen of high standing. January let, 1848, he

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BIOGRAPHICAL KNCYCLOP/EDIA.

471

married Elizabeth Aim Walls, at I’ontifract, Yorkshire,
England, by whom he has had nine children, live now
livintr.

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IDDI.lv, WILLIAM P., Lawyer, was born, April
3d, 1837, in Hamilton county, Ohio, lie is the

son of William P. Piddle and Mary C. Parker,
and the grandson of Rev. William II. Piddle,
who settled in Hamilton county in 1822, where
William P.’s parents now reside. 1 he subject
of this sketch attended school in winter and worked on a
farm in summer until the fall of 1S54, when he entered the
Parmer's College of Ohio, then at its best, lie remained
at the Farmer’s College until the fall of 1857, when he
taught in the schools of his native county. In 1858 he
entered Gundry’s Commercial. College, then the leading in-
stitution of its kind in the Western States. Graduating
from here in October of the same year he immediately be-
came an instructor in that institution. In the meantime he
read law, and, October 1st, 1859, entered the law office of
Hon. Bellamy Storer, at the same time beginning a course
at the Cincinnati Law School, lie graduated from the
law school in April, 1S60, and was admitted to the bar in
the same month. He opened a law office in Cincinnati
and continued studying at the law school, lie has since
practised his profession in Cincinnati, receiving business of
an important character and establishing a reputation as a
safe ami capable attorney. In April, 1875, he was elected,
as a Democrat, to the Board of Aldermen from the Twenty
second Ward, which had been largely Republican. He is
Chairman of the Committee of Investigation on the Water-
works and a member of several of the most important
standing committees of the Board of Aldermen. March
4th, l36l, lie married Abba K., daughter of Hiram and
Cordelia Rogers, of Cincinnati, who died September 4th,
1864, leaving a son and daughter. July 13th, 1871, he
married l.avinia, daughter of Christopher Wardal, of Ham-
ilton county, Ohio.

1 ANNKY , RUL US P., LI.. IT, Lawyer and Jurist,
was born at Blandford, Hampden county, Mas-
sachusetts, October 13th, 1S13, and is the son
of Rufus Ranney, a farmer of Scotch descent,
and of Dottie D. Blair, of revolutionary stock.
'1 he family moved to Freedom, Portage county,
Ohio, in 1824, and were among the pioneers of the “ New
Connecticut,” then a western frontier covered with an
almost unbroken forest. His early life was thus spent in
the log cabin, and lie assisted in felling the primitive forest
trees of the wilderness of the new home. 1 1 is early oppor-
tunities for acquiring an education were very limited. Yet
he managed, by great perseverance, manual labor and

school teaching, to enter, before he was of age, the
academy at Nelson, Portage county, where he fitted for
college. To obtain a suit ol clothes of respectable appear-
ance to entci college be cut coni wood at twenty live cents
per cold, lie entered the Western Reserve College, but
circumstances prevented him from graduating. When
twenty-two years of age, with only his clothing’in which he
was dressed and one extra shut, which he carried in the
tup of his hat, he walked to Jefferson, Ashtabula county,
and commenced reading law in the office of Messrs. Joshua
R. Giddings X Benjamin F. Wade. One year later he was
admitted to the bar and into partnership with Mr. Wade,
Mr. Giddings having been elected to Congress. Wade &
Ranney were eminent lawyers until 1845, when Mr. Ran-
ney removed to Warren, Trumbull county. He was nomi-
nated, by the Democrats, to Congress in 1846, and again in
184S, but the Whigs being so largely in the majority he
was defeated each time. In 1850 he was elected to repre-
sent Trumbull and Geauga counties in the Constitutional
Convention, which was held in Columbus and Cincinnati
in 1850-51. He served with distinction on the Judiciary,
Revision, Amendment and several other committees. Al-
though but thirty-six years of age, the debates show that his
speeches were as powerful as those of the oldest and ablest
members. The counties he represented warmly approved
of his course in the convention. The Legislature elected
him to the bench of the Supreme Court, and when the new
constitution went into effect he was re-elected Judge of the
same court by a large vote. In 1857 he resigned his (dace
on the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1S56 he w as a
member of the National Convention, in Cincinnati, which
nominated James Buchanan for President, and that year
removed to Cleveland and became a member of the law
firm of Ranney, Backus X Noble, and soon after was ap-
pointed by the President to till the office of United States
District Attorney. 'Lite office he did not solicit, and, not
pleased w ith its duties, resigned it in a few months. In
1862 the Democratic party nominated him as a candidate
for Supreme Judge; he declined, but the convention posi-
tively refused to accept his resignation, and he was elected
in spite of his own wishes. His partner, Franklin T.
Backus, was the candidate of the Republicans, and as that
party were in the majority he expected Mr. Backus to be
elected — indeed he would have been willing to have gone
into the canvass for his partner, had he supposed it neces-
sary, but none rejoiced at his success more than his op-
ponent, Mr. Backus. He resigned the Judgeship in 1864.
His decisions gave him a national reputation, and can be
found in XV. “ Ohio Reports,” running to and including
V. “Ohio Stale,” and beginning in the XIV. “Ohio
Slate” and continuing to and including XV. “Ohio
State.” In 1864 he wras a member of the convention
which nominated General George B. McClellan for the
Presidency. II is physical and mental strength was re-
markably great, and enabled him to master the greatest

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472

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

difficulties by long continued efforts. Although his oppor-
tunities to acquire a classical education were meagre, yet in
later life he became a line classical scholar. Nearly all the
accessible books on science and art he became almost as
familiar with as their authors. The Codes Justinian and
the Code Napoleon he perused in their own languages. His
mind was so richly stored he had no trouble in retaining the
closest attention of his audiences. His best monuments are
his decisions, which are so clear and sound in law that they
will ever be referred to with pride by every legal citizen of
Ohio. In 1S71 he received from the Western Reserve Col-
lege the degree of Doctor of Laws. It was unexpected and
unsolicited, and at that time was the only instance in which
such an honor had been conferred. In politics he has ever
been a Democrat in the best sense of that word — never a
politician, as it was with the greatest difficulty that he could
be persuaded to accept an office. In 1S62, by request of
Governor Tod, he travelled through a portion of central
Ohio to persuade the people to till the quotas of the Federal
troops called lor by the President, lie entered into this
work with his whole soul, and with his great eloquence told
the people that the American institutions were at stake. No
man in Ohio has a larger number of acquaintances and
friends, the result of his great kindness, courtesy and benevo-
lence. He is now engaged in all the great railroad, com-
mercial and patent cases which involve severe and contested
litigation, lie has been spoken of as a candidate fur the
Presidency.

U^OWNSIIEND, HON. NORTON S., M. D., was
eS (I born, December 251I1, I S 1 5 ,nt Clay Coaton, North-

%

ampton .hire, England. At an early age he was
placed in a boaiding school at Bittcswcll, near Sut-
terworlh, where he made good progress In element-
ary English studies. In the spring of 1830 his
father and mother, Joel and Rebecca (Norton) Townshend,
emigrated to the United Slates, and bought a farm in Avon,
Lorain county, < )hio. Iliac he remained at work on the
(at in, with the exception ol a winter term spent in teach-
ing the d 1st 1 ict school, until he attained his majority. In
1S37 he commenced the study of medicine in the office of
Dr. R. L. Howard, of Elyria, subsequently professor of
surgery in Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio.
The winter of 1837 was spent in attendance on medical
lectures at Cincinnati Medical College ; the winter of 1839
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
where he took his degree at the close of the term in 1840.
from New York he went to London, Paris, Edinburgh and
Dublin, spending in medical studies in those cities some-
thing more than a year. Returning to Ohio he commenced
the practice of medicine and surgery in Elyria in 1843, and
in the same year was married to Harriet N., daughter of
James 11. Wood, Esq., of Avon, Ohio. Politically, Dr.
Townshend was identified with the Liberty party. In 1848

I he was elected to the lower branch of the Ohio Legislature,

! anil was one of those who secured the repeal of what were
known as the “ Black Laws,” and the election of Hon. S.
]’. Chase to the United Slates Senate. In 1850 he was
elected to the Constitutional Convention that trained the
1 present Constitution of the State, and soon after was chosen
: a member of the Thirty-second Congress. Before going to
Washington, Dr. Townshend had discontinued the practice
J of medicine and removed his family from Elyria to the old
home in Avon. In 1853 he was elected to the State Senate,
but had scarcely taken his seat before he was called home

;

by the illness and death of Mrs. Townshend. During that
session he introduced a bill to establish a State institution
for the education and care ol imbecile and feeble-minded
youth. Two years afterwards, when a similar bill was
passed, he was appointed a trustee of the institution, a trust
he continues to hold by virtue of subsequent appointments.
Toward the close of 1854 he was married to Margaret A.
Bailey, of Columbus. In 1S55-56-57 l>c "ns associated
with other gentlemen in the endeavor to establish an Agri-
cultural College in northern Ohio, an undertaking which
did not prove a permanent success. In 1858 he was chosen
a member of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, was three
times re-elected, and was twice President of the Board. In
' 1859 he was a Delegate to the Convention at Chicago,
which nominated Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency. Early in
1863 he received the appointment of Medical Inspector
United States Army, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel,
and discharged the duties of that office to the end of the
war. In 1S67 he accepted a Professorship in the Iowa
State Agricultural College, but resigned the place at the
end of the succeeding year. About this time he became a
member of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science. The Ohio Legislature in 1870 having deter-
mined to establish an Agricultural and Mechanical College,
in accordance with the law of Congress donating lands to the
States for that purpose, Dr. Townshend was one of the trus-
tees chosen to carry the measure into effect. When the
college was opened at Columbus in 1873, he was appointed
to the Professorship ol Agi ieultuie, to which department
botany and veterinary medicine were temporarily attached.
The acceptance of this appointment necessitated his removal
to Columbus, of which city he is now a resident.

PPLEGATE, JOHN WALL, Altorncy-at-Law,
(yjfV) was born in Princeton, New Jersey, February 23d,
1818. Ilis father, engaged through life in agri-
cultural pursuits, was an active participant in the
U ^ u war of 1812. He received a liberal general edu-
cation at Genesee Falls, New York. He subse-
quently followed the trade of carriage-making in his native
State until he had attained his twenty third year. He then
pursued for about three years a course of literary study in

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

473

Genesee Palls College, and upon graduating from that insti-
tution was appointed as one of its tutors, and was engaged
in teaching during several succeeding years. In I S.y l he
removed to Ohio, and after applying himself for a lime to
the study of law under the instructions of Judge Timothy
Walker, of Cincinnati — always his warm and intimate friend
—began the practice of his profession in this city in 1S44.
From that time until 1874, the date of his demise, he was
constantly and successfully engaged in professional labors.
He always manifested a persistent aversion to ollice holding,
his practice being too extensive, moreover, to allow him
leisure for political operations. Through life he was noted
for his zealous interest in the cause of educational reform,
and for many years was prominently identified with the ac-
tions of the local School Board. A love of family associa-
tions and domestic life characterized him socially; and at
an early age he became an earnest and devout member of
the Methodist Church. For many years he was an esteemed
member of the Wesley Chapel, of Cincinnati. Politically he
was an uncompromising “Jackson Democrat,” but during
the war of the rebellion distinguished himself as an active
opponent of that branch of the Democratic party, known as
“the Peace Party.” He was a man of quick and generous
sensibilities, fond of intellectual conversation, and possessed
a well-balanced mind, stored with varied and valuable
learning. He was married in 1848 to Mary Williams, of
Cincinnati. Six children were born of this marriage, and
at the time of his decease the four youngest were living.

EGUR, DANIEL, Merchant and Real Estate
Dealer, was born, 1S12, in Herkimer county, New
York, and is the fourth of a family of eight chil-
dren. 1 1 is paternal ancestry were of French ante-
cedents, having emigrated to Rhode Island in the
early part of the seventeenth century, to escape
the persecutions levelled against the Huguenots. His
grandfather was a Brigadier General of the Rhode Island
Colonial Militia under George III., and was one of the first
colonial olliccrs who declared for the independence of the
colonies after the promulgation of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Being a man of means he invested his property
in continental scrip, to aid the Congress to carry on the revo-
lutionary war, and although he was the owner of landed
estates, he fell into straitened circumstances, in consequence
of the repudiation of the continental currency. With him
the parents of Daniel removed from Rhode Island to Herki-
mer county, New York, where he died, after suffering years
of invalidism consequent upon wounds received during the
revolutionary conflict. In 1815 Daniel’s parents removed to
Oneida county in the same Stale, where his father engaged
in farming and milling. At that period Oneida county was
an unsettled wilderness, the Indians from whom it derived
its name had not been removed to Western reservations, and
60

Daniel, in his infancy and early childhood, became inured to
the adventurous life and the hardships and privations every-
where incident to pioneer life; and he was thereby pecu-
liarly well lilted to encounter them again in his early man-
hood, in the newly settled districts of Ohio. 1 he severe
labors and hardships that he was obliged to endure in a new
country, as well as the maintenance of a large family, ren-
dered his father prematurely aged ; and he succumbed to
disease in his forty-tilth year. Upon Daniel the support of
his mother, of an invalid sister, and numerous younger
brothers, chiefly devolved. Having evinced talent for the
legal profession, it had been the wish of his father to edu-
cate him therefor, but the early death of his parent rendered
it necessary for Daniel to leave school, and give all his at-
tention, time and energy to immediate remunerative labors.
When but fifteen years of age he took leave of the family,
and went to Utica, where he found employment in a hotel.
Reserving a scanty pittance for his own wants, lie remitted
monthly the greater part of his earnings to his mother. 1 1 is
industry, perseverance and sobriety attracted the attention
of Henry Huntington, a wealthy and influential citizen of
Rome, New York, who was at that time President of the
Bank of Utica. This gentleman offered to send him to
school, and lake him under his patronage, but his elder
brother, who had established himself in business at Buffalo,
had written to Daniel to join him there, and, imbued with a
desire of going farther West, he removed to Buffalo, and
became clerk of the Mansion House, at that period its lead-
ing hotel. The Mansion House was a favorite resort with
the travelling public, who, in those days of stage-coaches,
frequently rested there for days, before resuming their jour-
neys. 'i'lie then prominent men of Buffalo also passed many
of their evenings within its portals. Among those of its
guests whose names have become historical was Joseph
Smith, the Mormon prophet. Mr. Scgur’s reminis-
cences of the great impostor may be appropriately men-
tioned. He relates, that during the autumn of 1830, while
a convivial company of Buffalo’s leading social spirits were
gathered in the office of the Mansion House, among whom
he remembers George P. Barker, subsequently Attorney-
General of New York, Stephen K. Grosvenir, John (1.
Camp, and Henry Miller, the door opened, and Ira Bird,
the proprietor of a line of stages from Westfield, entered with
a quaint, antiquated-looking man, whose eyes, “ in a fine
frenzy rolling,” gave the company the idea that he was an
escaped lunatic. Bird introduced him as a “ natural cu-
riosity,” named Joseph Smith ; and “ why a natural
curiosity?” was the query. “ Because,” replied Bird, “ he
has a new revelation, which is going to turn all sinners into
saints. He has a manuscript which will explain itself.”
Idle company manifesting curiosity to see the manuscript,
Joseph Smith was induced to produce it. Drawing it from
his coat pocket, it was handed to Attorney Barker, who,
from a mischievous inclination to create merriment at the
expense of its owner, began reading therefrom. The re-

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474

MOGKAl'lllCAL LNCYCLOIbEDlA.

semblance of its composition to the iiihle caused several
members of the company to regard it as a blasphemous
work, while others believed Smith to be an escaped lunatic
or a religious monomaniac, who had written it himscll.
Jtarker, taking the latter view, threw it towards the lire,
with an exclamation of contempt, and as it fell immediately
before the {'rate, Smith grew frantic and screamed out,
“Oh! for God’s sake, do not burn my precious book; it
lias been written from tablets of stone, found buried at my
farm at Palmyra, and discovered in a miraculous manner
through dreams. I was led by the angels of the Lord to the
place where the stone tablets were found buried in a quarry.
The tablets were written in Greek, and 1 have mortgaged
my farm to obtain money to search for a Greek scholar to
translate and transcribe them.”’ Parker replied to him,
“ Oh, the same stones will be just as good to write another
similar humbug of a book ; ” and he took up the manu-
script before Smith could reach it, and feigning to throw it
into the lire again, “ The stone tablets dissolved the instant
they were copied,” shouted Smith, in apparent agony, run-
ning towards Parker with outstretched arms — “ and can
never be replaced. Oh ! gentlemen, give me my precious
manuscript, or I shall be ruined, and the world will lose the
revelation which will make all sinners saints.” Parker was
now threateningly holding it over the lire, when Smith ap-
pealed to Segur, saying, “ Young man, you appear quick
and nimble ; give me my precious papers, and 1 will begone
fiotn this company of accursed heathen.” A pretended
scullle for its possession ensued between Parker and Segur,
which ended by the former yielding it to the latter, who
restored it to Smith, and advised him to retire and avoid
further trouble. T he next morning Smith left Puflalo, and
in the following spring returned with a large bag Idled with
Mormon liiblcs ; he had succeeded in having them pub-
lished in the Last, and was returning home. When he
reached Wcstlicid, Ira Pil'd, who had figured so conspicu-
ously in the scene at the Mansion House, just referred to,
either removed the books himself, or caused them to be re-
moved, and filled the bag with blocks of wood. Smith
failed to discover the deci pi ion until he reacho I Lrie, when
he was forced to rclrice his journey as far as Westfield,
where he succeeded in finding his missing property. Little
did the mischief loving revellers, who so tormented Joseph
Smith at this period, think of the power and influence for
evil which the manuscript, they came so near destroying,
compassed. They regarded him as a harmless old fanatic,
about whose idiosyncrasies it was perfectly safe to joke, who
would never be beard of save in their own little social
sphere. It was afterwards ascertained that Smith had found
the manuscript in the garret of a house, in which some of
his friends had resided in Conneaught. The house had
been previously inhabited by a clergyman of literary ability,
who had beguiled his leisure hours in its production, and
subsequently had cast it aside as worthless amid a barrel of
old sermons. In 1832 Daniel removed to Cleveland, where,

with his eldest brother, he kept the Mansion House, pros-
pering pecuniarily, until the autumn of 1835, when the
hotel was destroyed by lire. In the following spring he re-
moved lo Toledo, and began keeping a hotel in what was
then known as the “Mansion House,” a large wooden
building, situated between Lagrange and Locust streets.
At this period the speculative mania was at its height.
Many Eastern people with plethoric pocket-books filled with
Van Ilmen's pet bank-notes, looked upon Toledo and
vicinity as a modern El Dorado for investments, and en-
tered the public lands for many miles around it, believing
that in so doing they had secured a gold mine. As money
seemed abundant, hotel-keeping was a remunerative occu-
pation, and Mr. Segur acquired a comfortable compe-
tence. Unfortunately for him, however, he was induced to
embark in a more extensive and pretentious hotel enterprise,
and leaving the Mansion House, he completed a new hotel
then being erected, known as the “American,” at the corner
of Elm and Summit streets, and removed thither. The
financial depression consequent upon the specie circular of
General Jackson was a severe blow to the prosperity of
Toledo. The speculative mania ended, and through the
inability of some to meet their pecuniary engagements, and
the dishonesty of others, together with the general business
depression, Mr. Segur lost every dollar he had amassed,
and again began life as poor in purse as when he left his
home in New York State. In 1838 he served his lirst term
as a member of the City Council of Toledo, and from that
time lo the present has been, with but brief interruptions,
connected with municipal affairs, and has also held numerous
minor city and county offices. In 1842 he was elected
Street Commissioner, and during that year Cherry street was
opened under his supcrvisidti, through morasses, swamps,
and a wilderness of jungles, from the Manhattan Canal lo
Trcmainsville. lie was re-elected two years subsequently
to the same office, and under his supervision a very exten-
sive series of grades were projected and executed, which at
that time was regarded as a herculean undertaking. Water
street was graded from Monroe street to La Grange; and
Summit street from 1’crry to Elm, including the grading of
the intervening and cross streets from Summit to Water
streel, as far as La Grange street. 'The Whig party, of
which he had been a prominent member, had now come
into power, and he received in 1845 the appointment of
Collector of Canal Tolls, a position which he held for six
years. During this period his salary was about fifty dollars
per month, and scanty as it was he contrived, aside from
supporting his mother and younger brothers, to invest small
sums in real estate in 'Toledo and vicinity ; and from this
humble beginning has now grown a comfortable competence.
Unlike many dealers in real estate, he never oppressed the
poor nor the laboring classes, nor did lie lake advantage of
their misfortunes when they were unable to meet their pecu-
niary engagements; frequently waiting ten years after mort-
gages were due, anil after the law gave him power to fore-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

475

rinse (lion. To ll. is lenity many a now prosperous citizen
of the Filth ward can hear witness. In the six years during
which he held the ollice of Collector of Canal lolls he had
handled nearly half a million dollars of Stale funds, and in
less than a week after resigning the position to his suecessot
his accounts were settled without a deficit of a single penny.
Having always entertained conservative views upon the
slavery question, when, in 1S55, the Whig party embraced
an anti-slavery platform, with Salmon 1'. Chase as one
of its leaders, he united with the Democratic party, to
which he has since adhered; although whenever he has
been a candidate for any municipal office he has com-
manded a majority of the suffrages of the Republican, Demo-
cratic and Prohibitionist parties, all seeming to forget politi-
cal doctrines and sympathies, and to take into account his
efficiency and fitness for the position. In 1858 he was ap-
pointed Deputy Collector of Customs, a position which he
held until the close of the administration of President
Iiuchanan. Since that date he has held no remunerative
office, although connected for the past six years with the
municipal government. He has been engaged in various
industrial pursuits', including farming, the dairy business, to-
bacco culture, real estate dealer, and merchandise; at
present he carries on a retail boot and shoe store, also
merchant tailoring, ready-made clothing and furnishing
goods. Whenever he returned from his temporary removal
beyond the city limits for the purpose of farming, he
was unanimously elected to the Council or Aldermanic
Hoard, and is now the presiding officer of the latter. In
1S72, when the present system of water works was inau-
gurated, he, being in favor of the direct supply system, met
with most determined opposition from the advocates of the
stand-pipe scheme, a portion of the local press became
bitterly opposed to him, and accused him of being engaged
in a “ring” for personal purposes, lie demanded an in-
vestigation, and the one who had been his chief accuser
acknowledged that he had been mistaken. Though unsuc-
cessful m relieving the city from a useless expenditure, as
he believed, of half a million of dollars, his constituents re-
turned him to the Council by a handsome majority of the
votes of all parlies. He has been repeatedly urged lobe-
come a candidate for ollices of more distinction, but he has
preferred to devote his time and energies to the develop-
ment and progress of the city, where he has resided for forty
years. Although somewhat enfeebled with the effects of
the malaria — which was one of the greatest obstacles the city
had to contend with in its infancy — he bears his age remark-
ably well, and is very active in the prosecution of both
public and private business, and from present indications
can still reasonably hope for years of future usefulness.
He was married in 1841 to l.ucy Keeler, daughter of one
of the pioneers of Toledo. She died childless after a brief
union of one year. Ten years subsequently he was united
in marriage to Rosa I„ K lingo., who had acquired some
local reputation as a journalist, which has been subsequently

increased by years of editorial contribution to the 7 'oh' Jo
Commercial, the Toledo llhtde, and several local monthlies,
liy this union he has two surviving children, a son and a
daughter.

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ORIMORE, ANDREW J., M. I)., was born, Oc-
tober 24th, 1824, in Wooster, Ohio. He is the
son of James and Martha Lorimore, both natives
of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvnifia. His fa-
ther, who was of Irish descent, was born in the
last year of the Revolution, llis mother, who is
of Scotch ancestry, is now living in her eighty-fifth year,

1 1 is father and uncle, Samuel Lorimore, were in the war
of 1812, and were with General Harrison in all his cam-
paigns. Dr. Lorimore was educated at Vermillion, In-
diana. He began the practice of medicine in Monticello,
Indiana, in October of 1S53. After residing in Indiana for
nine years, he located at Bryan, Williams county, Ohio,
where he remained for nine years more, at the end of which
time he settled permanently in Toledo, lie has won suc-
cess by deserving it. After twenty-six years of active life,
Dr. Lorimore confines himself mostly to office practice,
which is sufficiently taxing, lie has not taken an active
part in party politics, but is a close observer of the progress
of events. He has married three times, llis first wife was
Sarah, daughter of Hugh McKihhen, of Ashland, Ohio; his
second, Anna M., daughter of Samuel Stern ; and his
present wife, a daughter of William Morris, of Stark county,
Ohio.

EECIIER, LUCAS S., Lawyer, was born in New
Haven county, Connecticut,- March 31st, iJpS.
lie is the son of Lines and Orplia Beecher. With
them he went to Madison county at the age of five
years, remaining there until 1816, when the family
moved to Genesee county. When Lucas was
about fourteen years of age, a hired man, with whom he was
working, let an axe fall on his foot, wounding him so se-
riously that his left leg had to be amputated, llis early
education was a matter of special solicitude with his parents,
who gave him all the advantages within reach. In the winter
of 1815-16 he taught school, and in the spring of the latter
year attended the academy at West Bloomfield, New York,
for one year. In 1 8 1 8 he returned to Madison county and
read law with Hopkins N: Beecher, of Canaserngn, New York.
He was admitted to the bar in 1826. He began the prac-
tice of his profession the same year in Williamsport, Ly-
coming county, l'ennsylvania, where he remained until
October, 1S2S, during which time he married Jane W.
Turk, daughter of John and M iry 'Turk. In 1828 he
moved to Sandusky, Erie county, Ohio, forming a law part-
nership with Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, since deceased. He

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

476

subsequently joined John F. Campbell, Esq., in llie practice
of law, and next associated himself with l’itt Cooke, Esq.,
of the late linn of Jay Cooke A Co. In later years he was
associated with Cuyler Leonard, Estp During all these
years he has been a prominent man at the Sandusky bar,
where he is now practising at the advanced age of seventy-
seven years, in connection with his son, John T. Beecher.
Mr. Beecher’s active life is the more remarkable, since be
had the misfortune to lose his eyesight in 1829. lie has
conducted many cases of importance in the course of his
long and ttselul professional career. lie assisted, as tin
attorney, in securing the chatter o( the old Mail River A
Lake Erie Railroad Company, the first railroad west of the
Allegheny mountains, and obtained most of the rights of

northeast corner of the same streets, reserving for his own
use the corner one which he has since occupied. It is fitted
up with every necessary appliance anti convenience for suc-
cessful business operations, lie bad been accustomed to
devote Ins whole time to his private business, but in 1S73
he was induced to accept the nomination for Councilman
from his ward, and was elected to that body, where he de-
voted himself with such real to the best interests of the city,
that in 1 S7 5 he was elected a member of the Board of
Aldermen by an increased majority. 1 1 is success in life,
both public and private, is the legitimate result of the strict-
est adherence to true economical principles, and a fearless
advocacy of right and justice.

way for that corporation. He aided materially in having
Sandusky selected as the county-seat of Erie county. Mr.
Beecher enjoys the respect of his brother practitioners and
the high regard of his fellow-citizens.

| ELLS, J. 1)., Pharmacist, and Member of the Board
of Aldermen of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on a
farm near Marion, Ohio, June 2 2d, 1835. His
aversion to agricultural pursuits led him, in 1849,
though still a youth, to come to Cincinnati with
the purpose of entering the business arena of the
Queen City. Shortly after his arrival he secured employment
in a drug store, which in common with other pharmaceutical
establishments of that day was conducted in accordance
with the entile principles then extant. By dint ol industry
and application, he advanced steadily in his chosen profes-
sion, and by close economy for years, saved from his earn-
ings a sum sufficient to enable him to enter upon a special
course of study at the college at College Il'ill, Ohio. Here
he devoted his energies to the mastery of chemistry, Latin,
and bookkeeping, the three great essentials for future suc-
cess. He kept pace with the wondrous progress of phar-
macy during that period, and at the present day when it has
developed into one o( the leading and most elegant sciences
he i-i recognized as one of its most thorough and complete
devotees. 1 1 is first business venture on his own account
was in 1S59, when he opened a drug store at the corner of
Fourth street and Central avenue, occupying a part of the
present site of the Grand Hotel. In this location he steadily
increased his business by a rigid adherence to and enforce-
ment of professional rules and strict business principles. On
August 27th, 1800, he was married to E. J. Coon, daughter
of the well-known citizen, George Coon, Esq., who has for
years past retired from active business. From this union
four children have been born — two sons and two daughters,
three of whom, two daughters and one son, are living. In
1S65 Mr. Wells found it necessary to seek more ample
accommodations for bis enlarged trade. Aeeotdingly be
erected the elegant four-storied block of buildings on the

a farm.

I^ICKS, DAVID, Coal Merchant, was born, May
5th, 1819, near the town of Morrow, Warren
county, Ohio, and is the oldest son of Samuel and
Elizabeth (Ireland) Hicks. His father was a
native of Kentucky, who removed to Ohio about
the year 1812, and settled near Hopkinsville, on
lie had originally been a carpenter by trade, but
in the main he followed agricultural pursuits through life ;
he died on his farm near Morrow, December iGtli, 1S39.
David’s mother was a Virginian, the daughter of Thomas
Ireland, also one of the pioneer settlers ol Warren county,
where he located about 1812. He was a man of sterling
integrity of character, and a public-spirited citizen. He
participated in the second war with England. Thus it will
be seen that the ancestors ol 1 (aval 1 licks were early settlers
in the Miami valley, and shared the dangers and vicissitudes
that the pioneers of those day? had to encounter. 1 1 is early
education was limited, being only that taught in the primi-

tive log school house, but lie has been a close reader and a
keen observer, and may be termed a self-educated man.
When not attending school be was employed on bis father’s
farm, and when he attained his majority he commenced
farming on his own account, being engaged in the same
some two years. In 1844 he became interested in several
patent rights and was occupied about one year in that busi-
ness. He then located at Rochester, Warren county, where
he followed the butchering business for four years, and
thence removed to Morrow, where he carried on a livery
stable from 1S49 to 1852. During the last-named year, he
was a contractor engaged in building a portion of the Zanes-
ville Railroad. In 1S53 he purchased a farm on the line
of that great improvement, and the place was named in his
honor Hicks’ Station, lie remained on the farm, constantly
engaged in agricultural pursuits, until 1S56, when he returned
to Morrow, and resumed the livery business. In 1857 he
purchased the Virginia Hotel in that town, and in 1859 en-
gaged in other pursuits of a laborious nut-urc. At the out-
break of the civil war in 1X61 he accompanied the qlh
Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry to the field as Master

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

477

of Transportation ; and in 1863 filled the same position for
the staff train of General Burnside’s division. During the
remainder of the war lie was stationed at Camp Nelson,
Kentucky, as Superintendent of the general designs of the
camp, lie returned to Ohio in 1865, and purchased the
Tremont House, Cincinnati, of which he continued the pro-
prietor for four years, meanwhile carrying 011 for a short
period the real estate Business. In 1869 he purchased a
coal yard in the Twenty-fifth want of Cincinnati, which he
has successfully managed in connection with other pursuits
to the present lime. His political faith is that of the Demo-
cratic party, having given his lust vote in 1840 in favor of
Martin Van Buren for the Presidency. From the above
brief statement of particulars, it will be seen that his life
has been an unusually varied and at the same time an active
one. lie has been twice married. His first wife was Re-
becca J. Worley, a native of Warren county, Ohio, to whom
he was united August 14th, 1S60; she died November 2S1I1,
1862. After a widowerhood of nearly three years, he was
married, November 10th, 1S65, to Harriet McGaughey, of
Dayton, Ohio.

pjpORBIJS, SAMUEL FRANK LIN, Physician and
Surgeon, was born at Canton, Hartford county,
Connecticut, June 8th, 1S29. He is the son of
Guy Forbes and Harriet (Sage) Forbes. For
more than a hundred years his ancestors have
lived in Connecticut. Squire Forbes, of Litch-
field, his great-grandfather, cast cannon for Washington’s
army riming the war of independence, and was among the
fust to develop the coal and iron mines of Pennsylvania, in
which State he had large interests. The subject of this
sketch laid the foundation of his literary education in the
common schools of Connecticut and New York, and from
private tutors. Ili.^ father and mother dying when he was
about fourteen years of age, he went to live with his brolher-
in law, Dr. S. I.. Heath, of Ulster county, New York, with
whom he began to read medicine at the age of sixteen years,
lie attended two full courses o! lectures at the University
of New Y 01 k, graduating Iron) that institution in March,
1S30. Shortly after graduating he attached himself to the
Emigrants’ Hospital on Ward’s Island, New York, spend-
ing most of the years 1850 and 1S51 in that institution,
where he had ample opportunity to arid practical skill to
technical education. Leaving New York he settled perma-
nently at Toledo, Ohio, and entered upon the practice of
his profession in that city in January of 1852. In 1853 he
was appointed Deputy Collector and United States Marine
Hospital Physician for Toledo. The former office he re-
tained for but one year, as it interfered with the practice of
his profession. In 1855 lie was appointed County Physician,
which office he held until he entered the army in 1861, as
Surgeon of the 67th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He arose to
be brigade, division, ami acting corps surgeon. After two

years of active service an exhausting disease compelled Dr.
I'orbes to resign, much to the regret of his superior officers.
V hile in the army he performed among others a diffi-
cult operation on Corporal Henry Gibbs, of Company K,
67th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Dr. Forbes re-
moved the whole lower jaw so skilfully that the patient
entirely recovered in four weeks without external deformity.
Dr. George A. Otis, Assistant Surgeon-General of the United
States Army, considered this an extraordinary operation,
reflecting great credit upon Dr. Forbes, and establishing his
reputation as a surgeon of high order. (See “ Medical and
Surgical History ol War of the Rebellion,” part 1st, pages
370 and 379.) Dr. Forbes is the author ol “ A new Ampu-
tation through the Foot,” a description of which was read
before the- Ohio Medical Association and accorded high
praise by Dr. Mussey, of Cincinnati, and other prominent
surgeons. After leaving the army Dr. Forbes was elected
Health Officer for Toledo in 1S66. His efficient service in
this position secured for him the thanks of the City Council
and the commendation of his fellow-citizens generally. His
annual report was made the basis of the present excellent
health law uf Ohio. I11 1S71 he resigned the office of City
and County Physician, to which he had been a second time
appointed in 1865, and accepted the position of Surgeon to
the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company,
which he now holds. Dr. Forbes has made a special study
of surgery, in which branch of the profession he has built
up a large practice. In 1855 he married Mary De Forest,
eldest daughter of the late lion. N. II, De Forest, of Kings-
ton, Ulster county, New York, of which union two children,
a giil and a boy, still living, were born.

^;i

0 ODDSWORTH, THOMAS, Coal Merchant, was
J I born, February 24th, 1S22, in England, and is a
li/I Ij son of the late Marmaduke Doddsworth. The
J latter came to the United States in lS?2, and

L> j a located in Cincinnati, his family following him
one year thereafter, lie engaged in the coal
business, and was assisted therein by his sons. Thomas
had the advantages of such schools as the city then afforded,
but like most business men of his age, acquired the greater
part of his education in the actual business of life. He was
early put to work, driving teams and doing such other
tasks as could be performed by a boy twelve years old. He
continued with his father until 1847, when in connection
with his brother, Marmaduke, Jr., he purchased his father’s
establishment, and the old house of T. & M. Doddsworth
was formed, and their main office became one of the land-
marks of Cincinnati, having been placed at the corner of
Lawrence and Front streets in 1831, where it yet remains
after a lapse of forty-five years. After the death of Marma-
duke, the younger, the business passed entirely into his own
hands, and the name of Thomas Doddsworth is one of the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

oldest and most reliable of the coal merchants of Cincinnati.
Probably no other dealer carries such a large amount of
stock or assumes such threat risks in the uncertain coal trade
of the Ohio river. He has passed unscathed through all
the great lluclualions of this trade, and is now doing a busi-
ness of between two and three million bushels yearly. Of
the sixty-two million bushels of coal and coke shipped by
river from Pittsburgh during the year 1875, at least one-
third was left in the hands of the Cincinnati merchants,
lie is not connected with any fraternal organizations, nor
is he any politician; nevertheless during the civil war he
gave unwavering support to the cause of the Union, and
although unable to go to the field himself was represented
there by one whom he selected and equipped for service.
During his long residence in the city, he has been domiciled
for the greater part of the time in the old Third ward, lie
was married in 1S47, at Cincinnati, to Susan Bean, and is
the father of nine children.

WINE, JOHN, Constable of the Second Ward of
Cincinnati, was born, May 21 st, 1829, in the
kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, and is the third
of six children whose parents were Conrad and
Anna M. (Kenner) Swine, both formerly of that
country. 11 is father came to the United States in
1 S3 5 and settled in Cincinnati, where he followed his trade,
that, of a master mechanic, his specialty being blacksmithing,
until his death. John received his education in the common
schools of the city, and at fourteen years of age began life
on a steamboat on the Ohio river. He continued in this
calling for about four years, and then was engaged in Nash-
ville, Tennessee, in mercantile pursuits, for a period of two
years. He thence went to New Orleans, but only remained
a few days, returning to Cincinnati, where he found employ-
ment for a while and then embarked in the meat and pro-
vision business, which he carried on for some four years,
lie next went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he tarried for
two years, chiclly engaged in mechanical pursuits; reluming
again to Cincinnati, he effected an engagement with A. D.
Bullock N ( o., w here he rein lined two years. In [S<;S he
went to L dtiinoi e, where he worked for William Wilkins
& Co. of that city for about a year. In 1859 he purchased
a hotel on 1‘ifth street, Cincinnati, which he carried on for
six months, but as the enterprise did not succeed very well,
he disposed of the same and then opened and operated a
meat and provision store for a year. In 1S61 he went to
New York city, where he was employed by Antasa Leonard
& Co. for about tu>o years. In 1S63 he returned once more
to Cincinnati and embarked in the hair and bristle business,
in which he was engaged for about a year, when he aban-
doned it and became a general trailer and speculator. In
1867 he was elected Constable of what was then the Twen-
tieth Ward of Cincinnati, and was seven times re-elected;

he now acts as Constable of the Second Ward. He is
eminently adapted for the responsible duties of that jKisition,
which as an elective office is one of the most honorable in
the gift of the people. His political faith is that of the Re-
publican parly. He is a man of temperate habits and of
much general reading and observation. lie is faithful in
the discharge of the duties of his office, and is pleasant and
affable, and of firm and determined manners. He was
married, October 1st, 1S51, to Ellen E. Hyndman, a native
of Ireland.

(5$ ARSONS, GENERAL SAMUEL IIOI DEN, was

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born at Lyme, county of New London, Connecti-
cut, May 14th, 1737. lie was the third son of
Rev. Jonathan Parsons, a distinguished clergyman
of New England. 1 1 is mother was a sister of
Governor Matthew Griswold. Among his early
friends was John Adams, afterwards President. lie gradu-
ated at Harvard, studied law, and was admitted to the bar.
In 1761 he married the daughter of Richard Mather, of
Lyme, lie took an active interest in politics, and at the
outbreak of the revolutionary war at once became conspicu-
ous as a patriot. Throughout the war he was one of the
boldest of the American generals, and was one of the board
of officers which tried General Audit: of the British army,
charged with being a spy. In 1785 he was appointed by
Congress one of a board of commissioners to treat with the

Indians for the cession of a large tract of territory, a portion
of which afterwards became the site of Cincinnati. In 1787
he was appointed Judge in and over the territory of the
United States northwest of the Ohio river, and in 17S9
Chief Judge of the same, wrUi II011. John Cleves Symmes
ami General James Varnum as associates. In November,
1789, while returning to Marietta, on his way back from
negotiating a treaty with the Indians, he was drowned in
the rapids of the Big Beaver river.

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I

INKER, CAPTAIN HENRY IE, Soldier, was
born, April 15th, 1836, in New York city, and is
the fourth of five children, whose parents. were
Jeremiah and Mary (Clark) Tinker. His father
was a merchant; he died in New London, Con-
necticut, in 1841. 1 1 is mother survived her hus-

band eight years; she died in 1849, in Edgartown, Martha’s
Vineyard. Henry received a liberal education in Connect-
icut, and in 1851 entered a mercantile house in New Lon-
don. In the following year lie went to Cincinnati, where
he found employment in a dry-goods house, and so remained
until the civil war broke out. He had been a member for
some time of the old Guthrie Grays of Cincinnati, and he
immediately enlisted in the fill) Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
and as Captain of Company II, accompanied this regiment

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RIOGRAPIIICAL encyci.op.edia.

470

for ili ret* years. The eomniaml jnirl i ci)>a tecl in the heaviest
aiul hottest battles of the war. At Stone River Captain
Tinker was shot through the head, and at Chickamauga
was wounded in the right knee and ineapaeitated lor future
serviee. lie was conlined to his hed lor one year bclorc
he could walk with crutches; and these latter have been his
aids and companions ever since. In 1870 he was appointed
Clerk of the Court of Common l’leas for one year, and in
the autumn of that year was elected for. the full term of
three years. Notwithstanding his severe experience as a
soldier, and the active duties of his life, he enjoys uninter-
rupted good health, and hills fair to reach the limit of three-
score years and ten.

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R I FE1TII, JOI I N S., l awyer, was horn, July 2d,

1 S 1 3 , in littcks county, l’ennsylvania. He was
the first of eleven children of James Griffith and
Mary (Simpson) Griffith. James Griffith, a native
of Rucks county, and a blacksmith by trade,
moved to Ohio in 1817, in Ilelhel, Clermont
county, where he farmed during the latter years of his life,
and died in 1864. The mother of the subject of this notice
was also a native of Rucks county, and a daughter of John
Simpson, who settled in Clermont county in 1 S 1 8, where he
was a leading agriculturist until his death, in 1837. Han-
nah, daughter of John Simpson, was married to Jesse R.
Grant, father of General Ulysses S. Grant. The ancestors
of John Simpson were identified with the Revolution and
the war of 1812. 1 1 is preliminary education was limited and

received at the common schools. In early life he worked
on his father’s farm and in the blacksmith shop, alternating
with speculating on the river, until lie was about twenty-
live years old. In 1839 he began reading law under
Thomas J. Rtichanan, a prominent attorney of Ratavia,
being admitted to the bar in 1841. lie immediately en-
tered upon the practice of his profession in Relhel, Clermont
county, laboring industriously there until 1852, when he
moved his ollice and residence to Ratavia. Mr. Griffith has
since mu. tilled in R.ilavi.i, having built up a large and pav-
ing practice. In 1857 he was elected Clerk of the Court
ol Common l’leas of the Fifth |udieial District of Ohio,
serving for three years, at the end of which time he was
renominated and defeated by the Know Nothing party. In
1S57 he was again elected Clerk of the Court of Common
Pleas. He was the first in his district to lie elected Clerk
under the new Constitution, the office having been pre-
viously tilled by appointment. With the exception of this
one public ollice, Mr. Giillilh has always refused to accept
political preferment, notwithstanding frcipieiit solicitation,
lie cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson, and has acted
with the Democratic party since then, lie is a man of strict
integrity, and enjoys the respect and confidence of all who
know him. In the course of a long professional career he
lias established a retaliation as an able lawyer and a useful

citizen . lie has found time from his professional labors to
read the best current literature and cultivate the refining in-
fluences of life. In 1843 he married Ann Amelia Harris,
of links county, Pennsylvania, by whom he is the lather
of seven children.

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lucky at

EDWARD P., Lawyer, was born, May
31st, 1816, near Rusxelville, Rrown county,
Ohio, lie was the oldest of ten children born
to William Evans and Mary (Patton) Evans.
His father, who was of Welsh descent, was a
native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Ken-
an early dale, subsequently settling in Rrown
county, Ohio, about 1808, where he resided as a farmer
until his death, in 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-six
years. William Evans was an active participant in the war
of 1812, passing through the scenes of that struggle in the
Northwest. He was an upright man and a zealous Chris-
tian. lie was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. The
mother of the subject of this sketch was of Scotch descent,
a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, and a daughter ol
John Patton, a prominent Virginia farmer, and a character
honorably mentioned in the history of that State. Edward
P. passed the first eighteen years of his life working on a
farm at eight dollars a month during the summer, and at-
tending the country school in winter. At the age of twenty
he had, by industry and economy, saved a little money.
With this he went to Ripley and took a course of study
under a private tutor. After about four months so spent,
he went to Decatur, Ohio, and studied under the super-
vision of Professor Wright for about five months. Ry this
time he had acquired an Unusual education for his day and
locality, and Mr. Evans began teaching school and reading
law in Rrown county, lie taught school at intervals for
the next five years. In 1844 he was admitted to the bar,
after which he taught school for one term in order to pro-
cure the funds necessary to start him in his profession.
When lie was admitted to the bar he had been living at
Sardinia, on the line of Highland and Rrown counties,
having been practising in the minor courts for two years,
lie now moved to West Union, seat of justice of Adams
county, where he has since resided in the control of an ex-
tensive practice. Mr. Evans has always taken a deep
interest in public affairs, but has never sought or accepted
office. I11 1856, during the Fremont campaign, he slumped
the southern counties of Ohio, in company with Caleb R.
Smith, R. W. Clarke, and R. M. Corwine. lie took an
active interest in Mr. Lincoln’s election, and slumped sev-
eral counties in his behalf. During the rebellion he was
Chairman of the Military Committee of Adams county.
Mr. Evans was an intimate friend of Salmon I’. Chase, and
like him was an early opponent of slavery. Since 1862 he
has been a partner in the banking house of G. R. Grimes A
Co., of West Union. In religion Mr. Evans is a Calvinist.

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BIOGRAl’IllCAL ENGYCLOP/EDIA.

lie is a man of forcible character anil affable manner, cour-
teous in his social relations and respected by the community.
In May, 1839, Mr. Evans married Amanda J. King, a na-
tive of llrowu county, by whom he is the father ol three
children.

IEFERT, 1ION. JOSEPH, was born, December
1 1 th, 1810, in the town of Waldbyrg, Eltenheim,
Germany. 1 1 is father was a gunsmith in the
Dukedom of Baden, and died when Joseph was
seven years of age. The subject of this sketch
attended the common schools until he was four-
teen years of age, when he began a three years’ apprentice-
ship as a stone-cutter and mason. Having finished his
apprenticeship, he worked for three years as a journeyman,
when, in the military draft, he drew number live and was
booked for six years. After serving three years in the
army, from 1S31 to 1833, 'le found a way to leave the ser-
vice. His mother advanced him a little money, which he
added to his scanty savings, hired a substitute for the ecpiiv-
alcnt of a hundred American dollars, and left home, April
loth, 1834, en route for America. He took ship at Havre,
and after being forty-eight days out, landed at Baltimore.
Soon after landing he started with three others for Cincin-
nati, making the journey on foot, via Wheeling and Ports-
mouth. When Mr. Siefert reached Cincinnati his -cash
account showed just live live-franc pieces — about live
dollars— in hand. Within half an hour after arriving in
Cincinnati he was at work, with hammer and trowel, laying
stone for Mr. Ilickock, to whom he had engaged himself at
one dollar and seventy-live cents a day. At the end of six
months Mr. Siefert obtained a contract on his own account
from Mr. William Human, building agent of the United
States Bank. From this small beginning he went on build-
ing up a rapidly increasing business. Cincinnati was
glowing as a trading and manufacturing centre, and there
was no lack of work for builders. Mr. Siefert secured a
large share of this business, and within a few years em-
ployed 150 men. In 1847 lie built a bridge over Congress
street. He contracted for the construction of sewers
public buildings, and public work generally. He built the
Little Miami Depot, the first large tank for the gas com-
pany, Langworlh’s nine cellars, and a number of brewers’
vaults. For ten years he was a member of the Soldiers’
Relief Union for the Tenth Ward, and for eight years
represented that ward in the City Council. For seven
years he was Chairman of the Sewage Committee, and
headed the Committee on the City Infirmary for four years.
He was a Director of the Longview Asylum for nine years.
During the war Mr. Siefert, with the aid of two others,
raised $11,000 within two hours, and thus relieved the
Tenth Ward of his city from the draft. He was Captain
of a company during the Kirby Smith raid. Since coming
to this country Mr. Siefert has made two trips to Europe.

The first he made in 1853, to bring home with him the six
sons of his brother, who had died in the fortifications of
Rastadt, where he had been confined for taking part in the
revolution. In 1872 Mr. Siefert, accompanied by his wife
and youngest son, made the grand tour of Europe. The
City Council saw him off with a band of music, and on his
return he was welcomed by that body and the German
Pioneer Association, of which he was one of the projectors.
In addition to the public buildings which Mr. Siefert has
erected, he has built a number for himself, which he still
holds. Though his life has been a busy one, he has all
of his faculties well preserved, with a good prospect of more
years of usefulness. December 28th, 1837, he married
Elizabeth Brosmer.

(>1 \ \ AGCONER, MARSHALL O., Lawyer, was born,
October 8th, 1S26, in Huron county, Ohio. His
father, Cyrus Waggoner, was a son of George
Waggoner, who served for more than seven years
in the revolutionary army, under the direct com-
mand of General George Washington, and who
died at the advanced age of eighty years. The paternal
side of the family is of German origin. The maternal
grandfather, Joseph Ozier, a worthy representative of. an
old Vermont family, was a great sufferer during the war of
1812, on account of aid given to American soldiers on Can-
adian soil, where he then resided. Marshall O. attended
school in Huron county until his sixteenth year, which
comprised all the advantages then afforded him. He went
to work at an early age, first at wagon and carriage manu-
facturing, then at the undertaking business, and was subse-
quently engaged for a number of years in the sale of
groceries, provisions, and drugs at Norwalk. This business
had assumed large proportions when the panic of 1857
came upon the country; but so well had he managed his
affairs, so carefully had he husbanded his resources, that,
notwithstanding the many who suffered in his section, his
name was among the few untarnished ones who did not
fail in business. Soon alter this event he abandoned mer-
cantile pursuits and read law'. Upon admission to the bar
he commenced practice, connecting therew ith fire and life
insurance, in which he was successful beyond expectation.
Ilis talents and industrious habits attracted the attention of
insurance men, and in January of 1869 he was appointed
Superintendent of Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana for the
Guardian Mutual Life Insurance Company, at Toledo,
Ohio. To this position lie brought an already established
reputation as a competent insurance man and a judicious
manager. To this he added materially by successful opera-
tions in his new field. July 1st, 1S71, two years and a half
from the date of his appointment, Mr. Waggoner sold out
the business, which his own energy had built up, for the
handsome sum of $30,000. The next year Mr. Waggoner

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BIOGRAl’I 11CAE ENCYCLOP. ED1A.

481

spent on the European continent. Returning to this coun-
try, he spent must of the year 1872 in I lulepcnilence,
Montgomery county, Kansas, in the practice ol law, in
partnership u it h I. W I I uniplii ey ami A. M. Yolk. I lie
latter played a prominent pail in the legislature of Kansas,
during the session ol 187 3, by damaging e.xposures impli-
cating Senator S. 1’oiueroy, then a candidate for re-
election, and whom he charged with bribery and corruption.
In 1S74 Mr. W aggoner returned to Ohio and entered into
partnership with Ira K. Lee, an old member of the Toledo
bar engaged in the practice of his profession. The linn of
Lee & Waggoner still lives, thrives, and is regarded as one
of the ablest in the city of Toledo. Mr. W'aggoner is a
leading member of the Masonic fraternity, and one of its
most active workers, lie was travelling manager for the
ll’or/i/'s Masonic Register, and chiefly instrumental in
making it so popular during the years 1857-58-59-60,
when the Register was published by Leon I lineman, at
Philadelphia, liy virtue of being one of the pioneers of
the Western Reserve, Mr. Waggoner is a member of the
hire-lands Pioneer Society. Successful in business, lie is
exact in the discharge of his obligations as citizen, and held
in high respect in his social relations. July 41I1, 1S71, Mr.
Waggoner married his present wife, Ilarrie A. Botilelle, of
Onondaga county, New York.

I AVIS, HENRY II., was born, May 9th, 1822, in
Canada East. lie is the fifth of eleven children
of Edmond Davis and Elizabeth (Smith) Davis,
both natives of New Hampshire. II is father
was a fanner all his life, ending his days on his
farm in Canada East. Henry’s early education
was very limited, but lie has been a constant reader and
close observer of men and tilings, adding constantly to a
valuable store of practical knowledge, lie remained on
the home farm, assisting his aged parents, until he was
about twenty two years old, when he went to New Hamp-
shire, spending a year in Manchester as a hard-working
teamster. Going to Boston, he engaged in the same busi-
ness in partnership with |. G. Balehelder, retaining this
connection for two years. He then went into a shoe and
leather store, where he was employed for about six months,
lie then turned his attention to the hotel business, to which
he has since devoted his attention. lie was interested in
the Albany Hotel, of Boston; Linfield Hotel, near Salem;
and the Essex 1 louse, of Salem, Massachusetts. lie moved
to Cincinnati in 1S53, and from that time until 1S56 the
Broadway Hotel was under his superintendence. From
1S56 to 1859 Captain Davis was proprietor of the Taylor
House, at Cairo, Illinois. Ibis hotel was nearly destroyed
by the great inundation of the Mississippi river, and com-
pletely destroyed by fire while Captain Davis was conduct-
ing it. During the inundation he was obliged to take his
61

; wife and children out of the second story window, and row
them in a boat in a place of safely. In the lire lie nearly
Inst his life in his efforts to save his guests. lie was finally
left in the second story, with no means of escape save by
jumping from the window. This lie did with no more
serious result than a severe shock. In 1S60 Captain Davis
joined William Mar-.h in the management of the Walnut
Street House, Cincinnati, where he remained until the fall
of 1S64. lie then bought the Palmer House, at Indianapo-
lis, Indiana, selling it at the' end of six months. 1 1 is next
venture was the purchase of the Broadway Hotel, Cincin-
nati, which he sold in 1867, buying die Walnut Street
House and disposing of that in 1873. In 1874 lie took
charge of the Avenue Hotel, on Spring Grove avenue, near
Cincinnati— a fine building and a popular house. Here he
conducts a first class hotel, complete ill all of its appoint-
ments. No host in Hamilton county is more popular than
, Captain Davis. In Cincinnati, 1854, he married Laura
[ Goldsmith, of Salem, Massachusetts, by whom he is the
father of seven children.

’ARTHUR, GENERAL DUNCAN, Tioneer and
Governor of Ohio, was born of Scotch parentage,
in Dutchess county, New York, in 1772. In
1780 his father, a man in poor circumstances, re-
moved to the frontiers of Pennsylvania. When
of sufficient age Duncan hired out as a farm
laborer. At the age of eighteen he was a volunteer in
llarmer’s Indian campaign, and on one occasion acted with
so much gallantry as to cvct afterwards secure the confi-
dence of the frontiersmen. After the war lie labored in the
salt works near Maysville, Kentucky, and in the years fol-
lowing accompanied General Massie on his surveying expe-
ditions. 1 le also was engaged as a spy against the Indians,
and in this capacity had more than 011c hairbreadth escape.
He studied surveying, became an assistant to General
Massie, and helped to lay out the town of Chillicothe. 1 11
1S05 he was a member of the Legislature from Ross county,
and in iSoti he was Colonel, and in 1S0S Major-General of
the Stale militia. In the war of 1S12 he was a Colonel of
Ohio volunteers, and at Detroit lie and his regiment were
included in Hull’s surrender. lie was second in command
on this unfortunate expedition. After his return on parole
the Democratic party elected him to Congress by an over-
whelming majority. After his exchange lie was made a
Brigadier-General, and resigned his seat in Congress, lie
served with distinguished gallantry throughout the war, and
at its close was in command of the American forces in the
Northwest. In 1S15 he was again elected t<o the Legisla-
ture. During the next three years he was commissioned to
negotiate several treaties with the Indians. In 1S17 he
was elected Speaker of the Legislature. Several times a
member of this body, he was again elected to Congress in

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

1822. After serving two sessions lie declined are-election,
and devoted himself to his land Business. In 1830 he was
elected Governor of Ohio, and on the expiration of his
term was again a candidate lor Congress. Losing the elec
lion, he quit polities. In June, 1830, he was Badly injured
By an accident, and never recovered. 11 is physical and
mental powers declined, though he lingered several years,
lie died ahout the year 1838. lie was a hospitable man,
But close in Business transactions. 1 1 is- life was an exam-
ple of what an iron will can accomplish. From the ob-
scurity of a Backwoodsman he rose to the highest office in
the gift of the people of Ohio. II is last residence was
known as “I’ruil llill,” near Adcna, Ross county. He
was the father-in-law of lion. William Allen, ex-Governor
of Ohio.

H ARRERE, IION. NELSON, Lawyer, was born,
-v April 1st, 1S0S, at New Market, then the county-
■\ seat of Highland county, and is the seventh of
, twelve children whose parents were George W.

c ry and Abigail (Mills) Barrere. His father was a
native of what is now Wheeling, West Virginia;
but when he was born — March 1 6th , 1770 — it was known
as Red Stone Fort. He followed agricultural pursuits
mainly through life, although for some years he devoted
particular attention to surveying and trading. He removed
to Highland county in 1803, and was the first Deputy Sur-
veyor in the military district of which Highland county
formed a part, lie held various public offices during his
long residence there, having Been a Justice of the Peace for
many years, a member of the Ohio Senate for nine years,
and was one of the Associate Judges for fourteen years,
lie had been in the Indian wars from 1791 to 1795; he
was present at St. Clair’s defeat, and was under General
Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timber, lie also partici-
pated in the war of 1812, and witnessed the surrender of
Hull. He was prominently identified with the various
public enterprises of Highland county until his death,
which occurred October ;i't, 1829. Nelson’s mother was
a native of Fleming county, Kentucky, a daughter of Thomas
Mills, an early pioneer ol that county, then known as Mason
county. He Built Mills Station, an early Indian fort.
Nelson was early taught industrious habits; he worked on
a farm until lie was eighteen years old, going to school
during the winter months. He then passed a year at the
High School of Hillsborough, and in 1827 entered the
freshman class of Augusta College, Kentucky, a prominent
institution of learning at that lime, and whose graduates are
numbered among some of the most distinguished gentlemen
of Kentucky and Ohio. He graduated from that institution
in 1830, having By extra study completed the whole course
of four years in three years and a half. He was enabled to
effect this By studying through vacation. After a year of
leisure lie commenced, in 1831, the study of law in Hills

e.i

I Borough under the prcceptorship of the late Judge John W.

Price, lie road assiduously lor some two years, and after
I a most thorough and searching examination was admitted
to the Bar on December 23d, 1833. He immediately
opened an ollice in Hillsborough, anil remained there about
nine months in the practice of Ins profession. As there
seemed, however, to Be a paucity of clients, he removed to
West Union, in Adams county, in October, 1834, and there
formed a legal copartnership with Samuel Brush, and en-
tered upon his professional duties forthwith. The partner-
ship lasted but a single year, yet he continued at West
Union, and was very successful, he having a large and
lucrative practice during the twelve years he resided there.
During this period he was elected a representative to the
General Assembly, and served in that Body during the
session of 1837-38. Owing to climatic influences, by which
his health became somewhat impaired, he left West Union
jin 1S46 and returned to Hillsborough, where he has ever
, since resided, engaged in the control of an extensive legal
I practice, and is now the leading as well as the senior mem-
ber of the bar of Highland county. In 1850 he represented
the district composed of Brown, Highland, Adams, and
Clermont counties, in the Thirty-second Congress. During
his term of service in that body he was conspicuous for his
opposition to the land swindles at that time being initiated.

| He defended the action of the committee appointed to in-
1 vestigate the slanders aspersing the character of Governor
and Senator Thomas Corwin, with reference to the cele-
brated “Gardner claims” — an investigation influenced
strongly By Nelson liarrerc, ami which exonerated Governor
Corwin from its charges, and, so far as the action of Con-
gress was concerned, was decisive and satisfactory. He
has been intimately identified, more or less, with all the
public enterprises affecting the interests of his native county,
and has ever Been conspicuous for public spirit. In politi-
cal Belief he is now a Democrat, and his first vote was
polled for Henry Clay. His religious faith is that taught
By the Methodist Church. He is most agreeable and
courteous in manners, and his private character is unim-
peachable. He has ever been an energetic and industrious
worker, a safe and reliable counsellor, and a persevering
and successful advocate, lie has never been married.

I T 1 1 , CHARLES, President of the Trumbull
National Bank, Warren, Ohio, was born, August
I2lh, 1803, in Washington county, New York
State, and is a son of Justice and Charlotte
(Delemater) Smith. He accompanied his parents
when they removed to Ohio, in 181 1, and settled
in the town of Warren, where his father purchased a saw
and grist mill property. Charles received his education at
the common school of Warren. When he was fourteen
years old, together with an elder Brother, he took the con-

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tract to carry tlic United Stales mail between Warren and
Pittsburgh. In this occupation lie continued tour years,
traversing on horseback, in all kinds of weather, the rotl^h
mails ol that region, u hn h passed lluougli long stretches nl
the [niineval luiesl. At the ape ol nineteen he engaged in
mercantile put tills in Warren, in which he continued until
i860, having a long and successlul career of commercial
enterprise. lie was one ol the principal projectors of the
Trumbull National Hank, founded in 1 866, and has been
its President from its organization until the present time.
The institution over which he presides has always been
conducted on those conservative principles which a long
acquaintance with commercial enterprises has convinced
him to be the true policy of bankers, whose highest aim is
to aflord unquestionable security fur their trusts.

. ANN IN, EDWARD, Pastor of the St. Patrick’s
Congregation in Toledo, was born on December
2 2d, 1S25, in Iiullymole, Sligo county, Ireland,
lie is the son of Barclay and Margaret ( Tiglie)
^ jj) 1 Iannin, bis father being a farmer near Ballyniolc.

He received an education lilting him for a civil
engineer and mercantile business. At first he engaged in
civil engineering until lie became twenty years of age, being
at that age employed by the government as Superintendent
of Public Works, lie moved to Liverpool iii 1S47, em-
barking in mercantile life, but returned borne in 1S49, dur-
ing the depression of the affairs of tile country. Subse-
quently he sailed for the United States, and soon after
landing was persuaded by clergymen with whom he became
acquainted to study for the ministry. lie made his
preparatory studies of Latin and Greek in Geneva, New
York. Entered St. Mary’s Theological Seminary, Cleve-
land, in 1S53, and was ordained, June 1st, 1856, and placed
at the Cathedral in Cleveland. Becoming interested in the
temperance cause, he at once organized societies which
have since become famous, also organizing sister societies
in Cleveland and adjoining towns. In 1862 he moved to
I oledo, Ohio, taking charge of a congregation in the south
ern part of the city, having up to this date formed a part of
the only Catholic congregation in the city. In 1862 he
builL St. Patrick’s Church. 1 he following year he erected
a large hall in the rear of the church, for the accommoda-
tion of the temperance societies, using it also for a school
room for the children of his parish. In 1864 lie erected
St. Patrick’s Academy, and in the following year a wing to
the building which is used for his residence. In 1S66 lie
purchased grounds in the Fifth ward, and built a church
there. Four years later, upon the resignation of Bishop
Rappe, of Cleveland, he was appointed Administrator of the
diocese, and moving to the above-named city remained
there until the consecration of Bishop Gilmore. In 1X72
lie returned to Toledo and assumed charge of St. Patrick’s

Parish. The following year be purchased grounds and
erected St. Patrick’s Institute, immediately opposite the
church; the institute being dedicated the 17th day ol March,

1 S 7 . | , in the picscmc ol Govciiuu Allen and stall, and
many ol the leading men ol the Stale. 'I he institute is
furnished with billiard tables, bowling-alley, a gymnasium,
library, and reading-room, for the entertainment of young
men. There is also an audience hall capable of seating
one thousand people. In the academy are some live hun-
dred children, and eight first-class teachers paid by the
congregation. There are three temperance organizations
connected with the parish. Father I iannin, since his resi-
dence in Toledo, Ohio, has always been foremost in pro-
moting the interests and welfare of his parishioners, and has
ever taken an active part in everything tending towards the
welfare of Toledo, Ohio.

HIOMSON, EDWARD, I). D., I.L.D., Bishop in the
Methodist Church, was horn at Portsea, England,
in October, 1S10. His parents belonged to the
wealthier of the middle class of the English popu-
lation. The family emigrated to this country in
1819, and settled at Wooster, Ohio. The parents
were able to give their children all the educational advan-
tages attainable in that section at that time. When still a
youth Edward commenced the study of medicine, and in
1829 lie received bis degree from the University of Penn-
sylvania. He practised his profession at Wooster for a
comparatively short time. At this period he was not a reli-
gious man in the strict sense of the term, though lie had
been raised by a Christian mother, and was a moral and
well-behaved young man of good address and polished
manners. But there were influences surrounding him tend-
ing to drift him into the troubled sea of doubt and skepti-
cism. Before these influences had obtained a very strong
hold upon him, lie attended a camp-meeting service, and
listened to a sermon from the lips of Rev. Russel Bigelow.
This sermon wrought such a change in him that he at once
became a professing Christian, and soon after an aspirant
for ministerial labor. In 1833 he was admitted on trial in
the Ohio Conference, and appointed to the Norwalk Cir-
cuit. His next appointment was at Sandusky City. I11
1835 his name appears, with that of J. M. Trimble, at the
Fourth Street Church, Cincinnati. In 1836 he was fully
admitted to the ministry, and in 1837, through a division of
the conference, he was found in the Michigan Conference,
and stationed at Detroit. I11 this city he labored with zeal,
and was rewarded with abundant success. In 1838 he was
made Principal of the Norwalk Academy, and remained
there several years, when, in 1844, the General Conference
elected him editor of the I.tulics' Repository. To this posi-
tion lie brought supciior abilities, and his sphere of useful-
ness was considerably enlarged. When the Ohio Wesleyan

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

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University was founded at Delaware, he was chosen its first
President, and entered upon his duties in the spring of I8q7-
In this new held of l.ihor his ripe scholarship found lull
play, and his lacultics were brought into vigoiuus niaturily.
In i8bo he was elected to the editoiial cliaii ol the ( firis-
fiiin . 1,/iWii/r, at New York, and, although the change was
not of his choice, he accepted the position and quilted the
college regretfully. In 1844 he had been created a Doctor
of Divinity, by Augusta College, and in J S5 5 the degree of
Doctor of I.aws had been conferred by the Wesleyan Uni-
versity. The General Conference of 1864 created him a
Bishop, and he soon after made a visit to all the foreign
missions of the Methodist Church, and organized the India
Mission Conference. Upon his return he made a tour of
the Southern Slates, and organized a conference at New
Orleans. His episcopal labors were continuous, and every-
where acceptable. He was married in 1S37 to Maria
Louisa, daughter of lion. M. Bartley, afterwards Governor
of Ohio. She died in 1 863, and in 1S65 he was united in
marriage to Annie K. llowe, of Delaware, Ohio, who sur-
vives him. 11 is last sickness w'as short, and his loss an un-
expected one to the church, lie died, March 2 2d, 1870,
at Wheeling, West Virginia, where he was temporarily
stopping. He was buried with imposing services at Dela-
ware, Ohio, the scene of his most successful labors.

(OLL1NS, REV. JOHN, Minister of the Pioneer
(i'll Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio, was born,
o' % I : November 1st, 1769, in New Jersey. Early in

life he became an earnest and devout member of
the Methodist Church, and determined to become
a preacher, a resolution which he carried into
effect with characteristic energy. Ills earlier efforts in his

chosen vocation as preacher gave little promise of his future
eminence. So small was the evidence they gave of special
qualification, that his wife, solicitous for his reputation and
usefulness, advised him to desist, believing that he could
never succeed, lie replied to her, in all candor, that he
thought her predictions quite likely to be correct, bill never-
theless, although he might never be a successful preacher
himself, he purposed to continue trying until he should be
instrumental in converting some one who would be a
preacher. Ilis subsequent career showed how unfounded
were his wife’s misgivings, and how wise was his own de-
termination. In the year 1801 he visited the Northwestern
Territory, now the Stale of Ohio, and in the following year
he removed his family to the West, and settled on a farm in
Clermont county, Ohio, on the east fork of the Little Miami
river, about twenty five miles east of Cincinnati. In 1804
he preached the first Methodist sermon ever preached in
Cincinnati. The meeting was held in an upper room, and
the congregation comprised twelve persons. lie also
preached the first Methodist sermons heard in Ripley, Day-

ton, and Urbana. In 1S07 he travelled the Miami Circuit,
in connection with B. Larkin, an excellent preacher. In
1S0S he travelled the Scioto Circuit, and in 1 809 and 1S10
the Deer ( reek Circuit. lie was next assigned to the
Union Circuit, which embraced the towns ol Lebanon and
Dayton. In the years 1819 and 1820 he was Presiding
Elder of the Scioto District. In 1821 and 1822 lie was
stationed in Cincinnati. The following year he was
stationed in Chilliculhe, and in 1824 he was appointed to
the Cincinnati District, and afterwards to the Miami Dis-
trict. lie continued to travel in this district during the
years 1825, 1826, and 1S27. Next he was transferred to
the Scioto District, where lie labored from 1828(0 1831.
In 1832 and 1833 he was on the New Richmond Circuit.
He returned to the Cincinnati Station in 1S34, and in 1835
he travelled the White Oak Circuit. This was the last .cir-
cuit he ever travelled. On the minutes of the Ohio Annual
Conference of 1836 he was returned as superannuated,
which relation remained unchanged until his death, lie
died at Maysville, Kentucky, at the residence of his son,
General Richard Collins, August 21st, 1845. His last
words were, “ Happy, happy, happy!” On his death the
official members of the church at Maysville passed resolu-
tions expressive of their grief at his loss, and of the highest
appreciation of his labors and eminent qualities as a gospel
minister. It may truly be said of him that he was one of
the most eminent and eloquent preachers in the early days
of Methodism in southern Ohio. He married Sarah Black-
man, a woman of great energy and force of character, and
whose life was an embodiment of the Christian virtues.
She was a sister of Leander Blackman. In the spring of
1797, shortly after her husband assured her of his determina-
tion to “ keep trying to preach until he had converted some
one who would preach successfully,” her brother Leander
was converted through the preaching of her husband. '1 his
was in 1S00, and the new convert at once entered the
ministry and worked in it with extraordinary power, earnest-
ness, and success until his death, some fourteen years later.
No more devoted, zealous, eloquent, or successful preacher
labored in the church than he. His eloquence is desciihcd
as something w underfill . HR presence was commanding
and attractive, his voice rich, melodious, and greatly ex-
pressive, and the fervor of his utterances almost irresistible.
None could listen to him unmoved, and during the time of
his ministrations thousands were converted through his
agency. As early as 1809 he was Presiding Elder in the
Cumberland District of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
embracing all of West Tennessee, part of M iddle Tennessee
on the Elk and Duck rivers, Madison county in the Missis-
sippi Territory, and all of Kentucky below the mouth of
Green river, with the counties of Ohio and Breckinridge
above Green river. To this day many an old pioneer re-
members the sympathy excited and the profound sorrow felt
in Cincinnati and throughout the Methodist Church, when
his death occurred in 1815. It was a few days after the

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BIOGRAPHICAL E N CYCLOP. E L) 1 A.

4S5

adjournment of conference in Cincinnati lie ami his wile
were crossing the Ohio river in an open ferry-boat. The
horses on the boat became highlcncd, ami, running to-
gether, forced several of the passengers overboard into the
river. I camlcr Blackman was among the number, lie
swam lor some time, but before help reached him he sank
and was drowned in full view of his agonized wife. 1 1 is
body was recovered and followed to the grave by a vast
concourse of friends.

S?

I

REES, DAVID, Physician, was born, March 15th,
1S09, in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, and
was the third of the thirteen children of Henry
and Magdalena ( llcnncy ) Crees. His father, a
native of Pennsylvania, although of German ex-
traction, was a carpenter and cabinetmaker by
trade. lie died in Iowa, in 1S47. The mother, a native
of Eairlield county, Pennsylvania, was also of German ex-
traction. The early training of David was of the most
wholesome description, and established him securely in
those habits of strict integrity, rigid temperance, energy and
untiring industry which have been his marked character-
istics through life. He worked, until he was seventeen
years of age, upon a farm, attending school as he found
opportunity at the district schools in his neighborhood.
These opportunities were not frequent, however, and he
was obliged to be content with but little schooling. lie
made up in a measure for this deprivation by industrious
and intelligent reading in his leisure hours. When he had
reached the age of seventeen he went to Pittsburgh, to
learn the trade of carpenter. He mastered the trade with
the thoroughness and worked at it with the industry which
characterized whatever he undertook. 1 1 is trade, however,
did not monopolize all his attention and energy, and was
regarded by him as merely the stepping-stone to something
else. 1IL inclination had early been towards the medical
profession, for which he developed a remarkable talent.
In 1S30 he began reading medicine, pursuing a regular
course of study in such leisure hours as he could command.
He had selected the honueopathic school of medicine, and
his studies were guided by strong faith in the principles of
method he had chosen. He continued working at his
bade, but eventually, after studying assiduously until he
felt himself qualified to apply the principles he had mas-
tered, and then from time to time, as occasion offered, he
gave advice as a medical practitioner, and from the first
with very marked success, lie remained at Pittsburgh
until March, 1838, when he removed to Ross county, Ohio.

1 here he stayed until 1841, and in February of that year
he removed to Portsmouth, Scioto county, Ohio, where he
has ever since resided. He continued to work at his trade
as carpenter until 1850, keeping up his medical studies
meanwhile and practising medicine from time to time. In
1850 he began to give his attention almost exclusively to

medical practice, and in 1851 he finally renounced his trade
as carpenter, and has ever since devoted his entire time and
energy to the practice of his sell acquired profession. He
has practised with untiring industry and with almost uni-
form success in and around Portsmouth, and has long
occupied an acknowledged position in the very front rank
of the profession in that community. Politically he is a
Republican, but he has never sought or held a political
office of any description. He is a member of the Presby-
terian Church, and he is not only a Christian in profession,
but in his unblemished integrity of character. Socially he
is pleasant and affable, and is liked for his agreeable
qualities no less than esteemed for his sterling traits of
character. He is essentially a self-made man, and through
his own efforts has risen to deserved and enduring promi-
nence. He was married in 1835 to Isabella Jane Fleming,
of Chester county, Pennsylvania, and this union has
resulted in seven children.

ULLIVANT, JOSEPH, was born in Ohio, De-
cember 3d, 1809. He is a son of Lucas Sullivant
and Sarah Starling, and brother to Michael Sul-
livant, the famous American farmer. William
Sullivant, I.L. 1)., an author of celebrity (now
deceased), was also his brother. From his early
years Joseph was an eager devourer of books. At school
his desire to learn and his retentive memory made the
ordinary tasks easy of accomplishment. He attended the
two lust classier.! schools established in Columbus, and was
afterwards sent to the boarding school at Washington, Ohio,
then under the management of Rev. Philander Chase,
Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio. From Washington he went
to the Oliio University, and finally to Centre College,
Kentucky. An early taste for the natural sciences, which
was stimulated by his father, a lover and close observer of
nature, Joseph entered on a regular course of scientific
study, and with good results'. Before he had reached his
majority lie was appointed, by the Legislature, one of the
corporators of the Philosophical and Historical Society of
Ohio, of which for several years he was Corresponding
Secretary and Curator. He was the originator of the
Columbus Lyceum, a free literary, scientific and library
association, of which he was President. He was also a
member of the Athemeum, an institution similar to the
lyceum. For forty years Mr. Sullivant has taken an active
interest in all the scientific and literary enterprises of
Columbus, lie has been a frequent lecturer on scientific
topics before the associations of that city. He has long
been devoted to the interests of the public schools, and for
twenty years w'as a member of the Board of Education,
being President thereof for part of the lime. Upon retiring
from the Board he was requested to sit for his bust, w hich
has been placed in the High School hall. As another

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486

BIOGRAPHICAL. ENCYCLOIVEDIA.

mark of esteem, ami in recognilion of efficient and gratui-
tous services, the largest -and finest school building in
Columbus lias been named "Sullivan! School.” Mr. Sul-
livant has long been a member of the American Scientific
Association ; Treasurer of the Ohio Stale Hoard of Agricul-
ture; Trustee and Tresidellt of the Starling College; and
Trustee and Secretary of the Mechanical College of Ohio,
lie has been a fre<|Uenl contributor to the press. Mr. Sul-
livant was originally a Henry Clay Whig,. often serving on
the Whig County and State Central Committees. Of recent
years he has been a Republican. He has been married
three times: first, to Margaret Irvin McDowell, daughter
of Colonel Joseph McDowell, of Danville, Kentucky, who
died in giving birth to an only daughter. 1 1 is, second wife
was Mary Eliza ISrashear, granddaughter of Judge William
McDowell and Peggy Madison, sister to James Madison, a
President of the United States. The third wife of Mr.
Sull i vant was Elizabeth Underhill, a descendant of Captain
Sir John Underhill, who figures in the annals of New
England.

waT)

JOHNSTON, STEPHEN, Lawyer, was born, Sep-
tember 291I1, 1812, at I’itpta, Ohio. His an-
cestors were from the north of Ireland. 1 1 is
father, Stephen Johnston, was government store-
keeper at Port Wayne, in the war of 1812, and
in August of that year was killed by the Indians.
Stephen, the elder, and his brother, Colonel John Johnston,
were among the early pioneers of Ohio, to which they emi-
grated in 1805. The mother of the subject of this sketch
was Mary Caldwell, born at Ihyan Station, Kentucky, and
one of the remarkable women of her day. She was inti-
mately acquainted with Daniel Boone, Little Turtle and
Tecumseh. The position which she occupied in pioneer
life was alike creditable to herself and of great service to
the white population ol her section. She died in September
of 1861, at the ripe age of seventy-three years. She was
married to Stephen Johnston, Sr., in 1810, in Miami
county, Ohio. At the age of thirteen the subject of this
sketch, having attended the country schools, was apprenticed
to a saddler, working at the bench fourteen years, lie was
then elected Sheriff of Miami County, serving four years.
During this lime he began to read law. In 1845 he was
elected to the Legislature from Miami county. At the ex-
piration of the session he engaged in farming and lumber-
ing, and was thus employed for the following five years.
In 1850 he was admitted to the bar, and opened a law
office in l’icpta, where he has since remained in the practice
of his profession. In 1S61 lie entered the army ns a Cap-
lain in the 111I1 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and
served until he resigned his commission, in September of
that year. Mr. Johnston was early identified with the
Columbus, Piqua & Indiana Railroad Company, now the
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Company. He

drew its first charter, in 1849, and was for twenty years
attorney for the road. In 1868 he was elected President of
the l’iqua Hydraulic Company, an organization foimed to
carry out a project which had been 111 contemplation for
more than thirty years. At the time Mr. Johnston accepted
the presidency ol the Company the whole country was suf-
fering from financial embarrassment, and the scheme of
furnishing Piqua with water was not deemed practicable at
that time. Under Mr. Johnston’s supervision, and in large
measure owing to his tact and energy, the water works
were built, and give promise of being second to none in the
State. Originally an old-line Whig, Mr. Johnston was
among the first to join the Republican party. In 1864 he
was a Presidential Elector for the Fourth District of Ohio,
on the Lincoln ticket. Since 1S70 he has voted the Dem-
ocratic ticket. An episode in the life of Mr. Johnston
somewhat resembles the cases of claimants in the Chancery
Court. His father having been killed by Indians, as above
related, the savages afterwards made what atonement they
could by providing, in a treaty with the government, that
the children of the murdered man should have a certain
piece of land. 'The government ignored the treaty stipula-
tion and resisted the claim. For thirty years Mr. Johnston
spent much of Ins time in Washington, fighting the depart-
ments single-handed. Three bills were passed in his
favor, but each failed to become a law. z\t last, in 1863,
after a thirty years’ struggle, he accepted a compromise.
Mr. Johnston has been a valuable man to his native city,
taking a leading part in every enterprise of importance.
In 1837 he married Uretta Garnsey, of Piqua.

ASSON, JOHN II., was born in Preble county,
Ohio, April iStli, 1S27. His father, a native of
'Tennessee, was a farmer by occupation. llis
mother was a native of Ohio. 'The subject of
this sketch attended school until he was nineteen
years of age, working on a farm during the
summer months. Prom the time he left school until he
reached manhood he continued to follow farming chiefly,
also working in a mill and teaching school. At the age
of twenty-one lie moved to Wayne county, Indiana, where
he leased a saw mill and engaged in the lumber business
for three years, lie then went into the grain trade with S.
Thomas & Co., remaining with that firm until the panic of
1857. From 1858 to 1S71 he was in the general commis-
sion and salt business, being agent for the Ohio River Salt
Company. In 1871 Air. Wasson moved to Columbus and
organized the Central Ohio Salt Company, of Muskingum
and Hocking valley. He was appointed general agent of
this company, in which position he has since continued.
He has been eminently successful as a business man, the
result of his own energy and perseverance. In whatever
position he lias been placed he has made the best of his

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BIOGRAPHICAL E N C YCl.O P/ED I A .

4S7

opportunities, maintaining through life a strict integrity.
He is an active anil influential member of the Odd Fellows.
In December, 1 857, he married Kexahel E. Braflelt, of New
Paris, Ohio.

1 ION. FRANCIS, was born in Vir-
(oj I gmia in 1761. When he had reached the age
""Vi 1 1 I of ten years his parents removed to western
Pennsylvania, where he grew to manhood. At
L yJ the age of fourteen he engaged in the Indian
wars, continuing therein until the close of the
Revolution. lie assisted in the building of Fort McIntosh,
in 1777, and was present at the defeat of Crawford. By
great perseverance he acquired a good education, without
the aid of instructors, and for many years followed school-
teaching and land-surveying. In 1797 he removed to what
afterwards became Warren county, Ohio. He was a mem-
ber of the convention which framed the constitution of the
new Stale, and also of the first Legislature. On the organi-
zation of the Stale judiciary he was made Judge of the First
Circuit, in which position he continued for fourteen years,
lie never missed a sitting of the court during his whole
term of service, and he frequently swam the Miamis on
horseback when other ferriage failed him. After leaving
the bench he practised law for fifteen years, and then re-
tired from active life, dying a few years later, in 1839.
His public career was pure and honorable, his private char-
acter without a stain, and his whole life one of usefulness.

~ 1 ,/F4/ REEL, HENRY, Lawyer, was born, October 19th,
1825, in Wiesbaden, Germany. He is the oldest
of three children of Rheinhart Erkel and Maria
E. Iloehn. 1 1 is father, a farmer through life,
died, December 1 6th, 1834, in Germany. His
mother subsequently was married to Conrad
Mentz, with whom she came to America, and settled in
Cincinnati, July 5th, 1854. I leury received a liberal edu-
cation in his native country, and was taught to labor for
his living. Having served his apprenticeship as a painter,
he sailed for America in 1846, in company with some
relatives, landing at New York. This was nine years
before his mother and her family came to this country.
Remaining in New York city a few days only, Henry went
to Buffalo, worked at his trade for a few months, left there
and reached Cincinnati September 171b, 1846. Since then
he has made Cincinnati his home. He worked as a jour-
neyman painter until 1850, when he started in business on
his own account as a master painter, carrying on a large
business until 1861. 1 lie rebellion having begun, he ac-

companied General Sigel, in a responsible position, in
Fremont's campaign in Missomi. He was obliged to re-

turn home in 1862, in consequence of sickness. In 1864
he enlisted in Company 10, 183d Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
lie accompanied his regiment to the field, and in two
weeks was promoted to a Second Lieutenancy. After the
battle of Nashville he was made a l ust Lieutenant, and
was finally given a Captain’s commission, lie was in the
heavy lighting in lennessee, and accompanied his regiment
through the North Carolina campaign. July 29th, 1865,
he was honorably discharged by reason of expiration of his
term of service. In 1865 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff
of Hamilton County, holding this office until he was elected
Magistrate, in the fall of the following year. In this po-
sition he remained until May, 1871, when he was appointed
Lieutenant of Police, and served in that capacity until May
of 1S73. Since that time Captain Erkel has been practising
law with satisfactory success and discharging the duties of
Notary Public. He is a man of good habits, thrifty and
industrious. In politics he is a Republican ; in religion a
Protestant. March ioth, 1S50, he married Margaret Ochs.

<-9'f57)

UN K I NS, MILTON NY., Physician, was born in
J'i J Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio, February 25th,

II 1834. 1 1 is parents were natives of Ohio. His

c father was a cabinetmaker. The subject of this

sketch attended the common and high schools of
his native place until he was seventeen years of
age, when he took a clerkship in a drug store at Bridge-
port, Ohio. While thus employed he read medicine with
Dr. McConnaughty and attended a course of lectures at
the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. In February of
1855 he received his diploma) and in the following August
began to practise in Bellaire. He has remained there ever
since, and is now the oldest physician in the city. In 1861
Dr. Junkins was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 6tst
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in that
capacity for about one year, at the end of which time a
severe attack of asthma obliged him to resign. Having re-
covered somewhat from his malady he again entered the
army ns Major of the 1701I1 Regiment Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry. A t the expiration of his term of service he returned
to Bellaire and resumed practice. Dr. Junkins is widely
known and is the most prominent politician in Bellaire.
He began to take an active interest in politics during Mr.
Lincoln’s first campaign. He is an ardent Republican, and
was the first to vote for a colored man in his city, lie was
President of the Hayes Club of Bellaire during the last
State contest. While the water works of Bellaire were in
process of construction Dr. Junkins acted as Treasurer of
the city, lie has been President of the Mcdico-Chirurgical
Society of Eastern Ohio since its organization. He has
been associated with the press of Bellaire from the earliest
publication of a newspaper in that locality. He has exten-
sive real estate and manufacturing interests in Bellaire, is

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part owner of a line of steamers plying between Wheeling
and St. Louis, and is interested in a mercantile house of
lh nlgeporl. Dr. Junkins has done much to advance the
prosperity of Itcllnire, and still lakes a leading part in what
ever promises to henelil his city. In private hie he is an
allahle, unassuming gentleman, sociable and hospiUihle.
February 1st, 1865, he married Jennie Todd, only daughter
of Dr. M. I,. Todd, of liellaire, from whom death separated
him on the 2d of October, 1873.

hl-EASO
lv ber 1 <

, REASON, ALFRED W., Lawyer, was born, Oeto-
15th, 1834, at Mohcgan, New London county,
Connecticut, lie is the son of Rev. Anson
Gleason, for many years pastor of the Mohcgan
Indians. Ilis early education was received at the
Mohcgan district school, among the Indians.
Graduating from the academy at St. Johnsville, Vermont, lie
began life as a merchant in the town of Hartley, Connecti-
cut. Here he passed several years in successful business,
when he moved to Hull do, New \ ork, engaging in the
same business, lhiffalo was nut to his liking, and he lo-
cated himself at Toledo, Ohio, where by close attention and
perseverance he met with good success. Retiring from
mercantile life he connected himself with the law firm of
liissell N Co., forming the linn of liissell, Gleason & Co.
He still retains this connection, and is, besides, a member
of liissell N Gci rill, real estate agents. The possession of
the only set of abstract hooks in I.ucas county has afforded
this firm superior facilities for dealing with cases of disputed
title, and enabled them to build up a large business. Mr.
Gleason is also a member of the United Slates Law Associa-
tion and Collection Union. He is a staunch Republican,
but has steadily declined political ollicc. He has been
President of the Voting Men’s Christian Association of
Toledo, and of the Toledo Library Association. ) u 1 y 7th,
1857, he married a daughter of the Hon. Edward liissell,
one of the founders of the city of Toledo, and at one time
an owner ol a great ileal ol real estate within its limits.

y \ RPER, RICE, retired from active business, was
born, November 2S1I), 1803, at Unionville, Lake
county, Ohio. He is the son of John A. Harper
V C ]) and I.oraine Miner. lie attended the district
schools, hut is mainly indebted to his parents for
liis education, lie studied Latin with Alexander
R. Chase, a brother of Chief Justice Chase. 11c was for
some time a pupil in the school of Janies Noyes, at Perry,
Lake county, Ohio. At the end of his school days lie be-
came a clerk in a store at Ashtabula, where he remained
one year. He then read law with Messrs, Wheeler &
McClung at Unionville, being admitted to the bai in 1.827.

He practised his profession until obliged by failing health to
seek another pursuit. In the spring ol 1832 he went into
business at Madison, Ohio, remaining there until 1836,
when he sold out and went to Painesville. He was the
originator of the Ohio Railroad, now known as the Lake
Shore iV Michigan Southern Railroad.' lie helped to or-
ganize Erie county, Ohio, by being appointed Clerk of the
Court of Common Pleas, December 141I1, 1S38. lie was
also appointed Clerk ot the Supreme Court for Erie county,
Ohio, in the year 1839. lie remained at Sandusky and
held these two offices until February, 1855. Close confine-
ment and hard work hail again impaired his health, and he
went to Iowa in the hope of regaining his strength. There
he became an agent and attorney for entering government
land, continuing his residence, however, at Sandusky, Ohio,
lie now has the care of about 55,000 acres of land in
Western Slates, upon which he pays taxes for the owners
thereof. During the war of the rebellion lie was a member
of the Hoard of Enrolment for a district comprising about
six counties. Mr. Harper makes his home in Sandusky,
where he has at different times since the year 1S45 held the
ollice of City Councilman. He now is the Senior Warden
of Grace Church, and has been a vestryman in said church
for about thirty years. He is known as a man of business
capacity and solid worth. He is a Republican in his politi-
cal attachments. January 5th, 1830, Mr. Harper married
Susanna Montgomery, at Unionville, Lake county, Ohio.

N

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)UDI.OW, JAMES CHAMBERS, was born in
179S, at Ludlow Station, now part of Cincinnati.
He was descended’ from a family of Shropshire,
England, one of whom became noted as one of
Vg ‘ the judges who passed sentence of death on
Charles 1. 'Phis ancestor was Lieutenant-General
of Ireland under Cromwell, was banished after the Restora-
tion, and died in Vevay, Switzerland. Other members of
the family came to this eountiy and settled at New Provi-
dence, New Jersey. 'Idle subject ol this notice was the son
of Israel Ludlow and Charlotte Chambers, daughter of
James Chambers, of Clinmbersburg, r colonel in the revo-
lutionary army. James C. Ludlow passed his youth amid
the wildness and dangers of pioneer life, where Indians
and savage beasts were more plentiful than agreeable. He
grew into manhood with a robust constitution, a graceful,
stalwart form, and winning address. He was six feet
three inches in height. Ilis was a superior education for
the time and place, and a good beginning he improved
throughout his years. He inherited a large estate, enabling
him to devote much time and money to philanthropic work.
He was the beloved elder brother of the family, and the
stay of his widowed mother. He was fortunate in his mar-
riage, and with the hearty co operation of his noble wife
Josephine, lie was the beneficent genius ol his neighborhood.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.KDIA.

489

II e was among the early abolitionists, being president of the
fir-.t anti slavery society in the West, lie gave the best
years ol his lile to the eau.se ol Ireedoni, working with tongue
and pen and ready purse lor the abolition ol slavery, lie
aided in starling the anti slavery paper, edited lirsl by Janies
G. liirney, and siibseipiently by Gamaliel Hailey. Ills
sister, Sarah llella, who was devoted to the same cause, was
the wife of Judge John McLean, Postmaster-General under
the Jackson administration afterwards, and until his death
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court ol the United States.
Mr. Ludlow’s eldest daughter, named Sarah Bella for her
aunt, was married in 1846 to Salmon P. Chase, late Chief-
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Mrs.
Chase's firm religious principles and lovely Christian charac-
ter had a lifelong influence upon her husband.

1

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G)

LEMONS, PI 1 1 NE AS IIARRISON, M. D., Phy-
sician and Surgeon, was born, l'ebruary 1 6th,
1832, in Sandusky, Ohio, of American parents,
and of French and English ancestry, lie was at
Oberlin for five years, and removed thence to
Antioch, where he received his degree of A. B.,
being in the first class that graduated at that college under
Professor Mann, and look the second degree, A. M., under
I)r. Thomas 1 1 1 1 1 , who is now President of Yale College.
On leaving Antioch he studied medicine, completing the
same in the medical department of the University of Michi-
gan at Ann Arbor, and attended an additional course of
lectures in Cincinnati, lie commenced the practice of his
profession at Detroit in 1859, where he remained only fora
short time. 1 1 is health becoming impaired, he broke up
his establishment there, and removed to Ohio, locating in
Van Wert county, where he practised, and in the adjoining
counties, for about two years and a half. In 1S62, upon a
call being made for surgeons from Ohio, he went to Colum-
bus, where he was examined and approved, and was there-
upon assigned to the <)<)lh Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry. I le accompanied that command to Kentucky, and
served as Field Surgeon throughout the campaign in that
Slate. While in command of a sick brigade lie was taken
sick on the road to Louisville ; he left his regiment at Jeffer-
sonville, having been ordered by his physician to go North
as soon as he was able to travel. He did so, and while
convalescing got married, and returned to his regiment im-
mediately afterwards, rejoining the command at Silver
Springs, and remained with them until the advance on Mur-
freesboro’, being the only field surgeon with the regiment.
While on duty, the surgeon in charge of the 3d Division
Hospital sent him a written report stating that the wounded
who had previously been under his (I )r. Clemons’ ) charge were
the best dressed wounded sent from the battle field. lie was
subsequently left in charge of ihe sick of the division, while his
regiment marched on Chattanooga with the rest of the army.

62

He was next assigned to the charge of the Division Hospital
at McMinnville, and while engaged in his duties there was
captured by General Wheeler’s cavalry, his wife being with
him at the lime, lie was, however, a prisoner only a few
days, as the Union cavalry were soon on hand, and drove
the rel JC Is away. He remained there between four and five
months, and was then promoted to Surgeon of Volunteers,
lie was then ordered to Murfreesboro’, where he examined
some six thousand recruits and assigned them to various
branches of the sen ice. Alter the organization of the
colored troops, he was assigned as Surgeon to the 171I1
United States Colored Regiment. Leaving these in 1865 he
was made Post Medical Director of Nashville, and while in
that position was present at the execution of the notorious
Champ Ferguson, the rebel guerilla. During the engage-
ment at Nashville, he was made Division Surgeon under
General Morgan, marching with this command in pursuit
ol Hood while retreating from Nash\ il le. He w'as mustered
out of the service in April, 1866. lie has been engaged in
practice altogether about sixteen years. Upon the removal
of Dr. Agard front Sanduskv, Dr. Clemons succeeded him
in his business, and since his residence in that city, owing
to his skill as a physician and his past excellent military
record as a surgeon, has become one of the leading medical
practitioners of Sandusky.

schoolin'

OUNG, SAMUEL M., Lawyer and Banker, was
born, December 29th, 1806, in Grafton, Lebanon
county. New Hampshire. His parents were na-
tive America. .s of English and Irish descent.
His father was an architect, builder and civil en-
gineer. Samuel ifl. received the first of his
in the district school at Plainfield, New Hamp-
shire. lie next look a full couise in the high school at
Sharon, Vermont, and subsequently passed with credit
through the academy at Burlington, Vermont, l.eaving
this institution he read law with the lion. J. M. Pomeroy.
In 1855 he moved to Maumee City, Lucas county, Ohio.
In the same year he was elected Auditor of Lucas county,
being the first to hold that office. In 1838 Mr. Young took
into his office, as a student at law, Morrison R. Waite, now
Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
At the end of one year Mr. Young associated himself in
practice with Mr. Waite, the two practising together in
Maumee City until 1850, when Mr. Waite went to Toledo
and started a branch office. The firm did a successful
business until its dissolution in 1854. In 1856 Mr. Young
was elected President of the Branch of the Commercial
Bank of Ohio, holding this position until that institu-
tion consolidated with the Bank of Toledo, which merged
into the National Bank of Toledo in 1865. Mr. Young
has never aspired to political office. Originally a Whig,
he has acted with the Republican patty since its birth.
In 1842 he was Adjutant of the Ohio militia. He was

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

490

C.

itcgory,

one of a company formed to build a bridge over the
Maumee river. Among the other hindrances with which
the company met was the washing away ol the work as it
progressed. 'I'll is occurred three several times, to the great j
discouragement of most of the gentlemen interested. Mr.
Young had linn faith in the success of the project, and by
his persistence and wise counsels had the bridge completed j
in 1S49. lie is now one of the principal owners ef the
bridge. From 1 S61 to I S63 he, was one of -a company which
leased the canals of the State, embracing about S50 miles
of canal property, including within the lease the Ohio and
the Wabash and Erie canals. In 1S62 Mr. Young asso-
ciated himself with Mr. Abner I.. Iiackus and built some
of the extensive elevators at Toledo, w hich business proved
successful beyond expectation. For eight years Mr. Young I
was l’residenl of the Toledo Coke and Gaslight Company.
In 1858 he was elected a Director of the Cleveland A 'To-
ledo Railroad Company, holding the position for ten years,
until the Cleveland A Toledo was consolidated with the
Michigan Southern Railroad Company. Mr. Young is one
of the Directors of the narrow gauge railroad now being
constructed from Toledo to Columbus. He is also one of
the principal stockholders in the Roody House, Toledo, and
President of the company. Many obstacles were cncoun
lered in the construction of the lioody House, but Mr
Young’s energy swept them all away, and he had the satis
faction of seeing finished one of the finest hotels in the
country. June 91I1, 1S41, Mr. Young married Angeline I.
Upton, at Maumee City. Mrs. Young’s parents were natives
of New York. Her father dying when she was but a child
her mother moved to Ohio and married Dr. Horatio Conart
one of the founders of Maumee City.

ION, EDWARD, President of the Ohio Agri-
cultural and Mechanical College, was born, March
gtli, 1829, at Deposit, Delaware county, New
York. He is the son of Rev. Samuel G. Orton
D. 1)., who graduated from Hamilton College
New York, in 1S22. His mother was Clara
of Albany, New York. Edward attended the
academy at Fredonia, but i-. chiefly indebted to home influ-
ences for the carefully laid groundwork which fitted him ti
enter college and assume a creditable standing at the outset
In 1S4S he graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, New
York, twenty-six years after his father had taken a diploma
from the same institution. On leaving college he was for
one year engaged as assistant teacher in the academy, Erie
Pennsylvania. In 1S49 he joined Lane Seminary, Cincin
nali, Ohio, but withdrew at the end of one year on account
of failing eyesight. The following year he devoted to trav
clling through Pennsylvania and New York, making most
of the journey on foot. In 1S50 he accepted a position as
assistant teacher in the Delaware Literary Institute, at

Franklin, New York, where he remained for three years.
He spent six months of study in the Lawrence Scientific

School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in 1856 was called
to the Professorship of Natural Sciences in the State Normal
School, Albany, New York. 'This he resigned in 185910
become Principal of Chester Academy, Orange county, New
York. He remained here until l SO5 , when he took charge
of the preparatory department of Antioch College, Yellow
Springs, Ohio, w here he was made Professor of Natural
Sciences in 1866. In 1S69 he was appointed by Governor
Hayes, Assistant Geologist on the Ohio Geological Survey.
In 1872 he was elected President of Antioch College, ami
in 1S73 he became President of the Ohio Agricultural and
Mechanical College at Columbus, which position he has
since filled with great credit. Mr. Orton was originally a
Whig, next a Free-Soiler, and has for many years been a
Republican. In 1855 he married Mary M. Jennings, at
Franklin, New York, who died at Yellow Springs in 1873.
He married Anna D. Torrey, of Millbury, Massachusetts,
in 1875.

J MITII, RENJAMIN, was born, October 5th, 1787,
in the county of West Chester, New York Slate,
in a little town then called East Chester, lie
was the youngest of two children whose parents
were Jacob and Sarah Smith. Ilis father was an
early settler of the section w here he resided, was
an active participant in the war of the Revolution, and died
from wounds received in one of the last battles of that
struggle. Ilis mother was a native of New York State, and
her family were likewise intimately identified with the
patriot cause of ’76. At the ?ge of twenty Benjamin began
life on his ow n resources as a shoemaker. Tip to this time
his education had been very limited, and he had been early
taii'dil to labor. He began his occupation in Westchester
county, and remained there about five years constantly
engaged in the pursuit of his avocation. In 1 Si 2 he re-
moved to Cincinnati and embarked in the grocery business,
which he carried on for three years. Meanwhile war with
Great Britain w as declared by the United States, and he
became a volunteer, and was in New Orleans when the
great victory was gained by General Jackson over the
British forces under General Pakenham. On quitting the
grocery business he became a pilot on the Ohio and Missis-
sippi rivers for some three years, lie next returned to
Cincinnati and resumed his original trade of a shoemaker,
which he pursued until 1832, w hen he was made Constable
of the Fourth Ward, and performed its duties about four
years. On vacating that office he returned to his bench,
and carried on the shoemaking business until the autumn
of 1849, when he was appointed a policeman, and performed
the duties of that station more or less for about twenty years,
when he retired from the force. Since that lime, with the
exception of some seven months passed at the Hot Springs,

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BIOGRAPHICAL encyclopedia.

491

Arkansas, lie lias been leading a quiet life al his residence,
No. 483 West Seventh street, Cincinnati. Although he is
in the eighty ninth year of his age, his constitution is more
mlmsl, his slc|> lighter, and his lucullics in general less ini
paired than the majority ol those who have reached so great
an ;i"e. lie is well known to all the old citizens of Cin-
cinnati, and his knowledge concerning the early days and
subsequent progress of his adopted city is full and precise.
When he Inst arrived, sixty-four years ago, the population
was only in the hundreds ; he has witnessed its growth to
the hundred thousands. At that lime the greater portion
of the present city was in fields, and Main street was opened
only a little above the canal. Then, the banks of the river
were nothing but bold bluffs, and the only means by which
passengers could land from boats and pass up to Main
street was by a plank gangway, built by some enterprising
individuals engaged in the flat boat trade. This gangway was
near the old nine-story steam mill on the bank of the river a
short distance above the present line of Broadway. lie
also remembers that beyond Main street to the eastward of
the site of the old Lytle mansion, but two houses had been
built ; one of these was at the corner of Sycamore and Fourth
streets, and the other at a short distance beyond. As
already remarked, he retains an amount of vigor and good
health wonderful in so aged a man, and he is now enjoying
the competence w hich he has acquired through a long and
careful husbanding of hard-earned labor. The venerable
few that connect us with the past are passing away rapidly;
but lew ol the original pioneers remain. lie was married,
August, 1 Si a, to Nancy 1 lotion, a native ol Westchester
county, New York, and is the father of thirteen children,
of whom six are yet living.

ItOWN, LLOYD SMETHURST, Retired Mer-
chant anti Capitalist, was born, October 24th,
1S12, in Canandaigua, New' York, lie is the
second of five children of John Oliver Brown and
Elizabeth Smethurst. 1 1 is father was a shoe-
maker. At an early date the family settled in
Columbia, Hamilton county, Ohio. After remaining here
for a while they removed to New America (now Cairo),
Illinois. From New America they went to Yerav, Indiana,
ami thence to Evansville, in the same State, where the father
died in 1819 anti the mother in 1822. Left an orphan at
an early age, the subject of this sketch went to live with his
uncle, Lloyd Smethurst, near Montgomery, Hamilton county,
Ohio. At the end of two years he went to learn tinsmilh-
ing, at Montgomery. 11 is early education having been
meagre, he devoted his leisure hours to study, strengthening
his mind and storing it with knowledge that stood him in
good stead in after years. After two years spent at his trade
he entered a store in Montgomery, remained there until
October of 1840, and then embarked in business for himself

in the same place. At the expiration of four years he opened
a dry-goods store in Cincinnati, remained there less than a
year, and relumed to Montgomery, where, until 1846,110
was engaged in general mercantile pursuits. In the fall of
18. |() he moved to Lockland, and there confined his atten-
tion to merchandising until l86t, when he bought, an
interest in the Cincinnati A Xenia Turnpike Company, and
was elected its Secretary and Tieasurer. lie has since
devoted his lime chiefly to the advancement of this public
enterprise, to the settling of estates and to the insurance
business. In 1S39 Mr. Brown was elected Treasurer of
Sycamore township, w hich position he held for fifteen years.
In 1S75 he accepted the Democratic nomination for the
Ohio Legislature. Mr. Brown’s sterling worth and energy
have won him the respect of the community. Socially he
is an affable and pleasing gentleman. October 1st, 1840,
he married Margaret A. Weaver, a native of Rockingham,
Virginia.

USTON, JAMES, Jr., Farmer and Teacher, was
born, November 201I1, 1S19, in Cumberland
county, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, lie was the
oldest of the twelve children of Paul and Mary
— j (Carruthcrs) Huston. His father, a native of the
north of Ireland, accompanied his parents to
America when he was about four years uf age. The family
settled near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where Paul Huston
grew to manhood, and married Mary Carr iilhcrs, a native
of Cumberland county, though of Irish descent. In 1823
the couple removed to Hamilton county, Ohio, with their
family. They lived there for about seven years, and then
removed to Logan county, Ohio. There the father, who
was a farmer, continued to reside engaged in agricultural
pursuits until his death, and there, too, the mother died.
When the family removed to Ohio, James Huston was four
years of age. His education was received in the common
schools of the frontier settlements of that day. 1 1 is training
at school was supplemented by a still better training at
home, w here habits of industry, temperance, and morality
were formed, which constituted the foundation of his future
career. In the year 1S37 he removed to Hamilton county,
Ohio, and found work on a farm there. Notwithstanding
Ids limited education, he possessed keen and well-cultivated
powers of observation, and these powers he luul used to
good effect, lie was, withal, an industrious and intelligent
reader, so that he was really better educated than many a
youth who bad possessed far greater opportunities for school
attendance. In 1S38, when he was nineteen years old, he
began to teach school in Warren county, near Mason, and
continued teaching there for about a year. In 1S40 he
went to New' Orleans. He had visited the city. several times
before, both by steamer anti flatboat, but after each of these
trips lie had returned directly to Ohio. On this occasion,
after remaining in New Orleans about a week, he went to

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492

IIIOGRAPI I I CAL ENOYCLOP.EDIA.

Tennessee and remained near Lebanon, in tliat Stale, for
about six months teaching. In the summer of 1841 lie rc-
lurneil to llamillon eounty, Oliio, anil resumed Ins work ol
teaching there. lie eonliuued leaching and prosecuting
bis literary studies until the year 1S50. In that year, being
infected with the gold fever, he went to California via
l’anama, the trip occupying over four months, lie remained
in California about two years, engaged in mining during that
time, and in 1S52 returned by steamer, coming back by way
of Panama and New York. Returning to Hamilton county,
he resumed his old work of teaching, and continued en-
gaged in that business and the business of farming until the
breaking out of the war of the rebellion, when lie entered
the army as Captain of Company I, ijSth Regiment Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, llis political record is that of a liberal
Democrat. In 1S61 he was elected a member of the State
Legislature, and was re-elected in 1S63. Dining his second
term he was Chairman of the Committee on Schools and
School Lands. In 1S70 he was appointed Assistant in the
County Treasurer’s office. Since 1S65 he has devoted him-
self mainly to fanning in Sycamore township, Hamilton
county. He has for years past been a member in high stand-
ing of the Masonic fraternity, and is closely identified with
the order of the Patrons of Husbandry, lie was brought
up in the Presbyterian Church, but, though of religious tem-
perament and convictions, his views are not circumscribed
by the creed of any particular church. He has an abiding
faith in practical religion, believing that we are on the verge
of a change when its vast importance to man in this life, and
its benign influence on his actions here rather than his con-
dition hereafter will be justly appreciated. Socially he is
pleasant and affable, a man of much popularity among all as-
sociated with him. Possessing quick and generous impulses,
he is yet characterized by a mathematical mind, basing con-
clusions on strictly logical premises, lie was married, July
3d, 1844, to Rebecca Voorhees, a native of 1 Iamiiton county,
and daughter of Samuel Voorhees, one of the earliest and
best settlers of the region.

'ARES, SEBASTIAN, Merchant, was born in Ha-
vana in 1S25. At the age of six, according to
the requirements of the strict compulsory school
laws of Germany, he started to school, remaining
until the age of ten, when his whole family sailed
for America. In 1S35 they arrived in Auglaize
county, Ohio, his brother having preceded them one year
and decided on this location for the family. Ib re the sub-
ject of this sketch remained and worked on the farm two
ycais with his father. Leaving home at the early age of
twelve, young hares began life for himself as a messenger
and supply-boy to men working on the Miami canal. On
diflcrcnl pails of this canal he worked in various capacities
lor seven years. At the age of nineteen, in 1S43, he came
to ( incinnuli, where in a few months he commenced his

career as a stove dealer, in the house of William E. Childs,
on Eil'th street. After five and a halt years spent with C hilds,
he found it to his advantage to enter the house of Eicnch,
Strong iV h'eine, remaining as a clerk in this house seven
years, at the end ot which time, there ulicady having been
several changes in the firm, he, with Mr. Miller, bought out
the establishment, which then became the house of Pares N
Miller. Now Mr. Eislier is a member of the partnership.
Since the time of entering the store of Mr. Childs in 1843
Mr. Fares has been in the stove business thirty-two years.
During this lifetime in business he has never left Fifth street,
and has been continually prosperous. Some years the busi-
ness of his house has run as high as $150,000 — in fact he
has done the largest retail stor e trade of the city. There
are represented in his vast variety ol stores, ranges and fur-
niture more first-class Eastern manufactories than all other
retail establishments in the city. On a great deal of this
valuable collection he has received yearly lust premiums at
the Cincinnati Exposition. Although he has been loo busy
to dabble in politics, yet during the great rebellion he was
not behind scores of busy men who were always ready to
lend a helping hand to the cause of the nation. While not
one of the wealthiest men of Cincinnati, still he has gathered
a competency, and enough to put him beyond the chances
of the future. 11c is a Congregalionalist in his religious
affiliations and a Christian tradesman, who believes that
honorable dealing with his fellow-men is the only road to
permanent success. In 1S56 he was married to Alma C.
Bacon, of Vermont.

JEEI), WILLIAM P., Boot and Shoe Manufacturer,
was born, Eebriftny 141I1, 1839, in the city of
Worcester, Massachusetts, and is the son of John
and B. (Andrews) Reed. He is of Welsh de-
scent, the family having emigrated to America at
an early day and were numbered among the Puri-
tans of Massachusetts colony. His educational advantages
were meagre in the extreme, for he was taken from school
at the early age of ten years and sent to a boot and shoe
lactory to learn the business and earn a livelihood. In his
thirteenth year he was engaged by E. A. Goodenow, the
well known and successful manufacturer of Worcester, and
remained with him about three years. He then removed to
the West, and was employed in a shoe store in Rockford,
Illinois, until 1S56, when he proceeded to Columbus, Ohio,
and efiected an engagement with Mr. Kimball as a clerk in
his store. Twenty years ago he entered that city penniless,
but possessing a good knowledge of his business, indomit-
able perseverance and untiring industry. 1 liese qualities
soon showed themselves, and have led him on to fortune.
In about three years after his arrival in the capital city of
Ohio he had obtained a one-third interest in the store. 1 he
retail business failing to give sufficient scope to his enter-
prise, he associated himself with Mr. Jones in 1864, and com-

.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

493

meneed (lie manufacture of Boots and shoes, thus establish-
ing the lirst factory of the kind in Columbus. The capital
invested at the outset was !|tleen thousand dollars. Under
rood management the concern has so prospered that the
sales during the jrtisl year, although a year ol financial de-
pression, reached the sum of six handled thousand dollars,
and the profits of the linn for the past eight years amount to
over a quarter million dollars. At present there are from
one hundred to one hundred and twenty live persons em-
ployed in the factory, of whom about one-third are women,
lie was married in 1S69 to Grace Kimball, daughter of his
lirst employer and partner, and is the father of two children.

LANS, XI IOMAS \V«, Iron Manufacturer, was born
in Spartansburg, South Carolina, November 23d,
lSoj, being the third child in a family of six,
w hose parents were John and Anna | Williamson)
\ ~ £ Means, The father, a native of Union county,

South Carolina, was chiefly engaged in agricul-
tural pursuits. In 1 S 1 g he moved to Ohio, settling in
Adams county, near M mehester, where he resided until his
death. He won distinction, and in some cases great hos-
tility, through his strong anti-slavery views, and upon re-
moval to Ohio took with him Ins slaves and there set them
at liberty. lie was a member of the Legislature in South
Carolina, and also in Ohio, and was Colonel of militia in
his native State. He was of Scotch- Irish extraction, of the
Presbyterian faith, and was brother to four patriots who were
active participants in the struggles of the revolutionary con-
flict. The mother, a native of North Carolina, was of Eng-
lish extraction, and of a family distantly connected with Sir
Isaac Newton. The subject of this sketch became in hi-,
tenth year a student in a select educational establishment
located near his home, where he remained only six years,
but through diligence in study lie acquired in this short time
not only a knowledge of the various ordinary branches
taught at that period, but also a considerable acquaintance
with the classics, lie spent his lirst two yens in Ohio upon
his father's farm, and in 1821 entered a store in West Union,
Adams county, where he rein lined until 1850, excepting
two years spent in merchandising at Union Furnace. Dur-
ing this period Mr. Means mule numerous trips to the East,
as was the custom with merchants of the time, in order to
procure and personally forward their merchandise, and his
narratives of those early travels are full of interest and in-
struction, forming no little part of his vast and entertaining
store of anecdotes. He returned to Lawrence county in
1830 and became Assistant Manager of Union Furnace,
where he resided lin'd 1833, and then moved to Union
Landing. Here he may be said to have spent the prime of
life, devoting himself diligently to his favorite pursuit, the
manufacture of iron. In 1866 he purchased a farm near
11 anging Rock, Lawrence county, since his place of resi-

dence. During the last ten years he has been engaged
mainly in the iron interests of the Hanging Rock iron re-
gion as a vciy large and inlluential stockholder, lie now
owns large interests in the Huena Vista, Itellefonte, Pine
Grove and < lliio Furnaces, and in the Norton Iron Works,
of Ashland, Kentucky, lie is also the holder of extensive
properties and of bank stock in Ashland, and is the President
of the Second National Hank of Ironton, Ohio. Ills political
creed linds expression in the doctrines of the Republican
party, and his initial vote at a Presidential election was cast
in favor of John Quincy Adams. In religion be is a Con-
gregationalist. 11 is present fortune is the result, not of lucky
turnings and accidents, or precarious investment of specula-
tion, but of careful and far-seeing legitimate business opera-
tions, based upon economy, integrity and industry. Now in
the calm sunset of a successful life, surrounded by hosts of
loving and revering friends and kindred, he may conjure up
fearlessly the records of his many years, and leave them to
In-, survivors as an honorable, as a valuable legacy. He was
married, December 41b, 1828, to Sarah Ellison, a native of
Adams county, Ohio, daughter of John Ellison, an early
settler of Manchester, Adams county; she died in April,
1S71, having given issue of nine children,

£3

AZEN, GENERAL WILLIAM BABCOCK, was
born at West Hartford, Windsor county, Vermont,
September 27th, 1830. Ilis parents were Still-
man and Ferone (Eenno) Hazen. Their ances-
tors were from Connecticut, and members of the
Hazen family, serving with distinction in the war
of the Revolution. Stillman^ Hazen removed to Huron,
Portage county, Ohio, in 1833. Of his family of three sons
and three daughters, William B. was next to the youngest.
After receiving a good common school education, he was
made a cadet at West Point, entering there about the time
he came of age. After he was graduated, in June, 1855, he
was made a Brevet Second Lieutenant in the 41I1 Infantry,
and sailed in September to join his regiment, at Fort Read-
ing, on the Pacific coast. He served throughout the Indian
troubles in Oregon, and in 1856 built Fort Yamhill. Being
promoted to a Second Lieutenancy in the 8th Infantry, he
proceeded to Texas in the fall of 1856 to join his regiment
at Fort Davis. During the Indian troubles in western Texas
and New Mexico he served with great credit, and was several
times complimented in general orders. I11 the fall of 1859,
while in a hand-to-hand encounter with a Camanche brave,
lie received severe gunshot wounds. After this, and while
convalescent, citizens of Texas presented him with a sword
for services rendered on the frontier. Early in i860 he left
Texas, and the same year was brevelted a First Lieutenant
for gallant conduct in that department, and in the following
spring was promoted to a full Lieutenancy. When he had
sufficiently recovered from bis wounds to go on duty, be was

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494

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

made Assistant Professor of Infantry Tactics at West Point.
In September, 1 86 1 , after repeatedly requesting to bp sent
into active service, be was given leave of absence with
anthoiity to lake command of the 41st Ohio Infantry. Alter
being stationed lot a lew weeks at (iallipolis, he reported to
General linell at Louisville, and on the 6lh of January,
1862, was appointed to command the 19th brigade, Army
of the Ohio. In the succeeding April he took part in the
battle of Pittsburgh Landing, and in a charge at the head
of his troops captured two batteries and a large number of
prisoners. He moved with the army to the siege of Corinth,
and afterward served in northern Alabama until ordered to
take command of the postal Murfreesboro’. His brigade
made a determined stand in the battle at this point, and for
this and other soldierly qualities, its commander was made
a llrigadicr-General. Luring lS6j he was very active in
the military district, and at Chickamauga was in the hottest
part of the battle, Ins being the last organized command to
leave the field. Ills brigade was engaged in several suc-
cessful military operations after this, and his personal cour-
age was conspicuous on many occasions. In August, 1S64,
he was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, and
placed in command of the 2d Division of the 15th Army
Corps. He commanded this division in the “ in ircli to the
sea,” and was detailed by Sherman to storm Port McAllister,
near Savannah. This he accomplished successfully, cap-
turing the garrison, ordnance, and everything connected
with its armament. In January, 1S65, he was sent with his
division to South Carolina, and participated in several en-
gagements in that campaign, l'or bravery displayed in the
capture of Fort McAllister, he was created a Major-General,
and soon after appointed to command the 15th Army Corps.
Since the war he has been in continued service, and in the
army holds the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier
General.

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ULTE, JOSEPH HYPPOLYTE, M. IT, was born
in Mesehede, Westphalia, October 61I1, 1811. Ilis
father, Hermann Joseph I’ullc, M 1 »., was the
Medical I h rector ol one ol the government institu-
tions for the education of midw ives, and as these
had to be organized all over the new ly acquired
provinces, he was especially deputed for that service, besides
presiding over those confided to his care. He was a man
of great strength of character, and left a noble example,
which his son labored to imitate. After he had completed
his classical course at the Gymnasium of Soest, and his
medical studies at the University of Marburg, he accepted
an invitation from his oldest brother to accompany him to
America. Eagerly embracing the opportunity thus opened
to him, he sailed for the United States in the spring of 1834.
Landing at New York, he started for St. Louis to meet his
brother who had preceded him, and passing through Penn-
sylvania, was induced by a personal friend to remain at Cher-

ryville, Northampton county. Here he formed the acquaint-
ance of Dr. William Wesselhoeft, who, at that time, resided
a few miles distant. From linn he learned of the system of
Hahnemann, and its wonderful success, and on his sugges-
tion w as led to test its merits by actual expel iments. The
results were so remarkable that he warmly embraced the
new system, anti became enthusiastic in his devotion to it.
He gave to its study the whole of his energy, and shrank
from 110 hardship or expense necessary to complete acquaint-
ance with it. At that time the labor of attaining a thorough
knowledge of homoeopathy was very great. There were no
books upon the subject to be had. Text-books and reper-
^ lories were not known. A large part of the facts and
practical knowledge existed only in manuscripts .sent from
Europe, and- here extensively copied and circulated ; these
1 he thoroughly studied. It was by these means that the first
I attempt at a more systematic and fixed treatment of Asiatic
I cholera was transmitted to the Northampton County Society
of HoiiKcopathic Physicians, and piously studied and rever-
entially copied by its members. Slow and tedious as w as
this process, it proved effective in keeping alive the zeal of
the adherents of the system, and probably made a deeper
impression upon their minds. Knowledge thus acquired
was not easily forgotten. Dr. Pulte soon j .ined the band
of homoeopalhists who had formed the society in Northamp-
ton county — the first one of the kind in this country. It
registered among its members some of the most eminent
practitioners whom the Stale has ever known, and many
clergymen w ho gave the influence of their position and cul-
ture to the advancement of the cause. The most valuable
accession to the society was Dr. C. llering, w ho had taken
up his residence in Allentown to preside over the academy
which had been formed by little band of homoeopalhists.
Dr. Pulte recognized in Dr. llering a man of power and of
admirable administrative abilities, and submitted gladly to
the moulding influence of his genius. Having assisted to
organize the academy, lie now gave his best energies to sus-
tain its reputation, ami advance its prospetity. After six
years of increasing activity, and on the dissolution erf the
academy, lie w ent to Cincinnati in 1840,011 his way to meet
his brother in St. Louis. He travelled in company with an
intelligent Englishman, Mr. Edward Giles, who, converted
to the theory of homoeopathy, needed practical proof if it
could be had. On (he steamer he met with the lady who
was destined to be his wife, and to whom he was married
in 1840. Remaining in Cincinnati long enough to give Mr.
Giles an opportunity of witnessing cures by homoeopathy,
he opened a private dispensary, where soon the sick chil-
dren of the poorer classes gathered for relief. It was sum-
mer, and the usual complaints of the season were prevalent.
Mr. Giles was witness to the marvellous cures performed,
and yielded to the force of the evidence thus furnished.
The new's of his success soon spread over the city, and rich
and poor applied to him for help; and, in less than six
weeks from the lime of his arrival, he was in full practice,

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495

15I0GRAP1IICAL

and obliged to relinquish his contemplated visit to St. Louis.
In 1S46 he published a work on history, entitled “Organon
of the History of the World.” This volume, altogether
original in its mode of dealing with its subject, gained for
him the esteem and friendship of such men as Humboldt,
Guizot, Soliciting, Bunsen, Lepsius, and W. C. Bryant. In
1.S4S, having originated a plan for carrying the electric
telegraph around the world, via Behring’s Straits, or the
Aleutian Islands, to Asia, and thence to Lurope, he visited
Europe to submit his well-matured plans to the governments
immediately interested. II is efforts were not successful;
but the same project, with the same detailed data, is now
carried into effect. He returned to America promptly, as
the Asiatic cholera was making rapid strides toward this
continent. During the prevalence of this fearful scourge in
1S46, he had the satisfaction of seeing the homoeopathic
treatment triumphant over all others. It was by his exer-
tions and counsel that a uniform prophylactic and curative
system was recommended to the Homoeopathic Society, and
generally adopted by the people. After this memorable
encounter with the most terrible scourge of the world, he
had the gratification of seeing homoeopathy firmly estab-
lished in the West ami South, and receiving to its fold large
numbers of the ablest allopathic practitioners. In 1850 he
published his “ Domestic Practice,” a work that, entirely
original in its arrangement, has rendered, by its immense
popularity, many works on the subject unnecessary to the
present time. Reprinted in London, it has passed through
several editions; and, translated into Spanish, has become
the received authority in Spain, Cuba, and the South Ameri-
can republics. In 1852, in connection with Dr. II. P.
Gatcheli, he commenced the publication of the American
Magazine of Homoeopathy and Hydropathy. It continued
two years as a monthly ; in the third as a quarterly, under
Dr. C. D. Williams, and was then discontinued. During
this lime, Dr. l’ulte filled with great acceptance the chair
of Clinical Medicine in the Homoeopathic College in Cleve-
1 mil, and afterwards that of ( )bsletrics. While' lecturing
on this latter subject, he prepared for general use a woik 011
the diseases o! women, entitled “ The Woman's Medical
Guide.” It appeared in Cincinnati in 1S53. This little
work gained a very rapid popularity in this country and in
England, and was translated into Spanish in Havana, where
it has an extended circulation. When diphtheria appeared
as an epidemic, he embodied in a monograph his views,
with the results of his experience, and his mode of treat-
ment. It was widely spread throughout the West. In
1S55, the ccnlennary of Hahnemann's birth, he delivered
the address before the American Institute of Hoiineopathy
in Bulfnlo, New York. Lull of years and of honors, Dr.
Bulle has made the most valuable contribution to the cause
of homoeopathy in the endowment of the college which
bears his name. It was opened in Cincinnati, September
27th, 1S72, and is one of the most valuable schools for the
advancement of homoeopathy.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

■tx

cBRIDE, JAMES, Author and Scientist, was born
near Greencastle, Pranklin county, Pennsylvania,
November 2d, 17S8. His grandparents on both
sides were Scotch. His father was killed by the
Indians while he was an infant. The son emi-
grated to Hamilton, Butler county, Ohio, in 1S06,
and at once took prominence among the pioneers of those
days. Eor many years he devoted his attention to the sur-
vey and investigation of supposed ancient fortifications in
southern Ohio and Indiana, and he contributed abundant
material to the work issued by the Smithsonian Institute,
entitled “Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley.”
From Us liist organization he was a foremost patron of the
Miami University at Oxford. At his death he left behind
an immense quantity of valuable manuscripts relating to the
early settlement of Ohio, and the books published from them
have been of incalculable benefit to the historian and biog-
rapher. During life he was a large contributor to various
journals, but he was not a journalist in the strict meaning of
the term, for all he wrote look the shape of communica-
tions. He was married early in life to Hannah, daughter
of Judge Lytle, of Butler county. He died October 3d,
1859, the decease of his wife occurring but ten days previ-
ous, and his own end being hastened by inconsolable grief.

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OOPER, WILLIAM C., Lawyer, was born, De-
cember 18th, 1832, at Mount Vernon, Knox
county, Ohio, of American parentage, and of
Scotch -Irish lineage. His father, and also his
mother, were from Washington county, Pennsyl-
vania ; the formerYollowed agricultural pursuits
through life, and was a man of influence in the county, and
filled the office of Mayor of the town. William attended
the Mount Vernon Academy and other private schools until
he was nineteen years of age, working on the farm during
vacation. He then commenced the study of law with Col-
onel |. W. Vance and |. Smith, Jr., and was admitted to
the bar when twenty two years old. He afterwards passed
some eighteen months in travelling, and on his return home
became associated with one of his preceptors, Colonel Vance,
and practised his profession in that connection until 1864,
when the firm was dissolved by the death ol Colonel Vance
the battle-field. During the continuance of this co-
partnership they had the largest practice in Mount Vernon.
At the outbreak of the war the junior partner had enlisted
in the 41I1 Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was elected hirst
Lieutenant of Company B. He served with that command
until January, 1862, when he resigned and returned home
to take charge of his business. I11 18(14 he* was appointed
Colonel of the 1421I Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and served
at Petersburg during the period of the one hundred days
service; this was immediately after the death of Colonel
Vance, He then returned to Mount Vernon, where he

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496

BlOGRAl’lilCAl. ENCYCLOIVEDIA.

passed a year in real estate operations, and then resumed
the practice of law for another year, alone. He afterwards
associated himself with 11. I). I'orter, with whom lie prac-
tised for two years, when 1.. II. Mitchell was added to the
firm, the name and style of which became Cooper, I’orter &
Mitchell. This copartnership was dissolved in June, 1875,
since which time he has practised alone, and enjoys an ex-
tensive and lucrative patronage. lie has tilled several
offices, having been elected Prosecuting' Attorney in 1S58,
and re-elected in i860, his term expiring in 1862. In i860
he was also elected Mayor of Mount Vernon, and re-elected
in 1862, his official term expiring in 1864. In 1871 he was
elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, where he served
two years, but declined a re election. In political views he
is a Republican, and has been a member of the State Cen-
tral Committee for several years. 1 le was aiso a delegate
to the National Republican Convention, in 1S72, wherein
he was a member of the Committee on Resolutions. Per-
sonally he is of a social and pleasant disposition, and en-
joys the respect and esteem of the community wherein he
resides, lie was married, January 8th, 1864, to Eliza,
only daughter of Dr. Russell, of Mount Vernon.

AND, SYLVESTER, Manufacturer of Marbleized
Iron anil Slate, Dealer in Slate, Contractor and
liuihler, was born, October 15th, 1S18, in Butler
county, Ohio, and is a son of Gideon Hand, who
removed from New Jersey in I S 1 2 to Ohio,
where he married, resided and died on his farm,
in Butler county. After a short time passed at school
young Hand went to Cincinnati, in 1S35, and at once
began to learn the trade of a carpenter, at which he
worked for three and a half years as an apprentice, never
receiving during this period over fifty dollars a year.
When he reached the age of twenty-one years he hail suc-
ceeded, by means of working at night, in earning enough
to purchase a chest of tools; and, being a thorough master
of his business, commenced to work on his own account,
taking contracts for building. *l'or the period of sixteen
years he continued as a master contractor and builder, and
with the most gratifying success, having by this time
amassed a very considerable fortune; indeed, as a car-
penter and builder, his successes were surprising and un-
paralleled. Dealing principally with men of considerable
means, who preferred to be relieved of the division and
superintendence of their work, he took contracts for the
masonry, plumbing, and in fact of the entire construction
of the buildings, superintending the whole himself, thus
becoming thoroughly master of all mechanical branches
connected in any way with building operations; thus emi-
nently ipialifying himself for giving his attention to the
business in which he has been engaged lm the past twenty
ycais with still greater success. Desirous of pursuing a less

arduous mechanical vocation than that which during his
early manhood occupied his time, he purchased, in 1856,
the marbleizing works of Edward Taylor, then in an un-
favorable and imperfect condition. 1 lis ft icndx considered
this the wild, ruinous step of his life, one which Would
soon surely absorb the accumulations of many years of hard
effort; but the result showed his better judgment. The
mat blci/ing of iron was not yet successful, and public con-
fidence had not been given to it. The original marbleizcr,
Williams, had just failed to produce perfect work at his
establishment in New York city. Not only had he this to
contend against, at the time of his taking hold of the enter-
prise in Cincinnati, but the bitter opposition of marble and
slate dealers was levelled against him. Notwithstanding
these drawbacks, he saw in it a valuable anil beautiful art,
and believed it could be rendered perfect ami durable by a
little determined chemical and mechanical skill ; and this
being accomplished, all opposition would spontaneously
cease. Accordingly in a short time, in the process of ex-
perimenting, with the so-called skilled workmen employed
by his predecessor, he succeeded in producing perfect work,
and the whole process of marbleizing iron was made abso-
lutely perfect in his hands. He was thus the first in the
whole world to bring the process to a perfect and satisfac-
tory working condition. To him the country is largely, if
not wholly, indebted for the beautiful marbleized iron
mantels of every possible variety of color and finish ; and
no real marble work can be so beautiful, or in any degree
so durable, as the marbleized iron. With great profit to
himself, he has succeeded in introducing this work over the
entire country, and not only breaking down all opposition
from marble and slate dealers and the people, but, after
twenty years of persistent labor and success, has seen a vast
interest in the same line spring up in the hands of others
throughout the Union. There are in Cincinnati alone no
less than six houses engaged in the same business. He
thus created a vast industry from the small beginnings of
twenty years ago, and at the same lime a great business
competition throughout the land. But no one has been so
long and so persistently connected with this beautiful work
as himself, and it may be doubted if any have been so suc-
cessful as he in every point of view. lie lias established a
branch house in St. Louis, in charge of a partner and one
of his own sons; the firm-name is Sylvester Hand & Co.
This house controls the entire trade of that portion of the
West. The establishment in Cincinnati is under his sole
control and management, and the greater part of the
marbleizing is there done under his direct supervision, and
there also all the grates, mantels and oilier iron fixtures are
cast from models of his own design and make. In Chicago
he has organized a vast business connection, which controls
the trade of the Northwest. This company, or house, is
composed of the following parlies: Svlvesler Hand, J. I..
Sehitremaii, S. II. Vowell and W. II. I )e Camp. The busi-
ness of this corporation also includes the importing and

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497

manufacturing of marble and granite, and tliey carry on the
largest inonmnental and oilier marble work in the West,
importing their foreign marble from Italy and their do-
mestic marble, etc., direct from the quarries of the United
States. This company, of which he is the President, is thus
composed of some of the most thorough and energetic
business men of the country. In the Illinois State Peni-
tentiary they own a vast steam marble works, operated by
the convicts, by contract with the State •government for a
series of years. In each of these establishments hundreds
of hands are employed, and the amount of work annually
produced can be better imagined than named. Although
Sylvester Hand may be ranked as one of the wealthy men
of Cincinnati, and one who has done a vast amount of suc-
cessful business, yet the greater portion of his wealth is
owing to the increase in the value of real estate acquired
and disposal of from time to time. He has devoted his
time and attention chiefly to his business, consequently lie
has had little to do with politics or social organizations.
He is yet a vigorous and enthusiastic business man, using
his means to advance his better interests and those of
society, being a liberal patron of many of the city charities
and benevolent enterprises, as he deems this but a reason-
able service and duty of an able citizen, lie began his
career without means, friends, and with but little education.
Throughout his busy life he has taken occasion to add, in
every possible way, to his stock of knowledge. lie cer-
tainly ranks as one of the most remarkably successful seif-
made men of his day, if business, wealth and honorable
standing constitute a successful life, lie was married in
1845 Margaret Innis, formerly of Scotland. He has
three children, two sons and one daughter. One son is in
his St. Louis house, and the other with him in Cincinnati ;
while his daughter is the wife of Ilannaford, the Cincinnati
architect.

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(■'lit Y 1 N A XS, JAMES )., Lawyer, was born, June 7th,
1 S 1 S, at Marseille, Kentucky. Ills lather, born
111 17141, was a commission inoichanl at Mays
v i lie, and moved to llrecne county, Ohio, in
1819. Here he lirst embarked in merchandising,
lie afterwards practised medicine, in which he
was engaged for twenty-five years in Greene county. Dr.
Winans died July 7th, 1849. The early education of our
subject was received in the common schools. In 1840 he
began to read law with John 15. Houston, then of Win-
chester, now of Lexington, Kentucky. He completed his
professional course under Judge Simpson, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1841. In the spring of the following
year he commenced practice in Indiana. In February of
184 5 Mr. Winans returned to Ohio, was admitted to the
bar ol this Slate, and settled in Xenia, where he has since
remained. In June, 1X45, he was appointed Clerk of the
Greene county com ts, serving until he resigned, in 1851.
('\

In 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, remaining there
one term. In 1863 he was elected to the lower House of
the Legislature. In Eebruary, 1864, lie was appointed
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to take the place of
Judge White, appointed lu the Supreme bench. In the
following fall he was elected to fill the unexpired term, and
in 1S66 he was elected for the full term of five years, lu
August of 1868 Judge Winans was nominated for Congress
by the Republican party. lie resigned from the bench,
and was elected, serving with credit until il e expiration of
bis term, in 1871, when he resumed his practice in Xenia.
In 1872 he was nominated for Congress by the Liberals
and Democrats, but was defeated by Mr. Gunckel, of Day-
ton, the Republican nominee. In 1840 Judge Winans
voted for General Harrison, for Henry Clay in ’44, for
Martin Van Buren in ’48, for John P. Hale in ’52, for John
C. Fremont in ’56, for Lincoln in ’60 and ’64, for Grant in
’68 and for Greeley in ’72. Judge Winans was one of the
founders of the Xenia Gas Company, and has been active
in the promotion of all local enterprises. September, 1S43,
he married Caroline E. Morris, of Xenia, niece of William
Ellsberry, Esq., one of the pioneer lawyers of southern
Ohio; also a niece of lion. Thomas Morris, formerly
United States Senator from Ohio.

qV MITH, JOSEPH 11., Lawyer, was born, Marcli
291I1, 1829, in Columbia county, Ohio. His
father was a native of Ireland, who came to this
country when a child and passed his life as a
farmer. 1 1 is mother was a native of Carlisle,
Pennsylvania. Joseph attended the district
school in winter and worked on the farm in summer
until he was twenty years of age. The- year following he
spent at the Manual College of Pennsylvania, defraying his
expenses by the work of his hands. When at college he
cut his leg while lumbering, and has since been lame. At
the age of twenty-one years lie accepted a position as
teacher ol a school in Kentucky, where he remained for
one year. t he next three years he passed chiefly in teach-
ing school, in the meantime reading law with Judge Clark,
at New Lisbon, Illinois. Mr. Smith was admitted to the
Cincinnati bar in the spring of 1S51. He began the prac-
tice of his profession in Columbia county, Ohio, remaining
there until the spring of 1857, when he went to Kansas.
Here he made many friends, attracted public attention, and
in the fall following his arrival was elected to the State
Senate. He served his constituents well until the spring
of 1S58, when he returned to Ohio, locating in Bellaire,
Belmont county. He has since made his home in Bellaire,
and is the oldest resident lawyer in the town. By close
attention to business, and fidelity to the interests of his
clients, Mr. Smith has acquired an extensive and lucrative
practice. In the fall of 1865 lie was appointed, by the

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biographical encyi i.or.i :dl\.

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Governor of Ohio, a Commissioner to the army in Texas,
lie has been fur nmny years attorney for the Cleveland &
Pittsburgh Railroad Company. In the course of his loll”
professional career Mr. Smith has had many important cases
intrusted to him, all of which he conducted lo the satisfac-
tion of his clients. October loth, 1865, he married Eliza
R. Preston, of Columbia county, Ohio.

GVRCIIET, MOSES, was born, April 17th, 1803,
on the island of Cuernsey, British Channel. His
parents came to this country in 1S06 and settled
in Cambridge, Ohio. His father was a farmer.
Moses attended a country school kept hy Thomas
Campbell, under whom he made good progress
and laid the foundation of a serviceable education. He
was obliged lo leave school at the age of fourteen years, in
consequence of delicate health. He entered the olfice of
the County Clerk, and remained there until he reached his
majority. He then farmed for three years, at the end of
which time he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common
Pleas, tilling this position as well as that of Clerk of the Su-
preme Court for seven years. For this latter position he was
examined at Lancaster by Judge Sherman, father of the gen-
eral of the army. In 1S34 he was reappointed Clerk, hold-
ing that office until 1841. Since 1859 he has been Master
Commissioner of the Court of Common Pleas, being succes-
sively reappointed for terms of three years each. Mr. Tar-
chet has been a Justice of the Peace since 1864, with the
exception of an interval from August, 1870,10 1S73. He
and his family have been identified with the growth of
Cuernsey county, which, upon its organization, in 1810,
took its name from the native place of several pioneer
families. Mr. Tarchct was married, March, 1825, to
Martha Bichard, also of Guernsey, who still lives.

2 fjcW COTT, WILLIAM, Banker, was born, September
C40W 25th, 1 Sot, in Jessamine county, Kentucky, lie
vT-tPJJ js of Scotch Irish extraction. His father was a
native of North Carolina and his mother a Vir-
ginian, who settled in Ohio in November of 1808,
being among its earliest pioneers. William at-
tended such schools as were within the reach of the youth
of that day. In 1823 he engaged in merchandising in
l'iqu.a, Ohio, with a capital of only a little more than one
hundred dollars. Without friends or credit, but with econ-
omy, application and industry, he was soon able to extend
his business, including within his scope all that pertains to
a complete frontier trailing store. For twelve years he
bought and sold all the pork raised in his county, making
large shipments to the best markets. In 1847 he engaged
in banking, and became President of the Piqua branch of

the State Bank. He held this position until 1S64, when his
bank became the Piqua National Bank. Of the old insti-
tution under a new name he was also elected President.
In addition to his regular business Mr. Si oil has also been
engaged in huge real estate ventures, lie is one of the
leading men m his county. October 41I1, 1827, Mr. Scott
married Jane Morrow, of Piqua, by whom he has had four
children, two sons and two daughters. His sons are enter-
prising business men of Piqua.

HHJLAW, REV. BENJAMIN W., Clergyman,
was born, July 14th, 181 1, in the town of Bala,

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county of Merioneth, North Wales, and is of
French Huguenot lineage on his father’s side,
and on his mother’s of Welsh descent, lie re-
ceived his primary education in a log school
house in Delaware county, Ohio, where he was taught the
English language; he subsequently entered Miami Uni-
versity, at Oxford, Ohio, from which institution he gradu-
ated in 1833. After leaving college he commenced study-
ing for the ministry, in which he was engaged three years,
revisiting his native country in 1835. Shortly after his
return to the United States he was ordained a pastor by the
Presbytery of Oxford, and was settled over a Welsh Con-
gregational Church in Butler county, Ohio, where he
preached and taught in Welsh and English for live years ;
beginning with the children in other outlying districts, and
organizing Sunday-schools, he succeeded in building up
congregations as lime rolled on. The pecuniary support
he received, however, was inadequate to his wants, and he
was about to accept the kind offer of an aged farmer, who
offered him, rent free, several acres of his rich alluvial soil
for cultivation, when he providentially formed the ac-
quaintance of II. J. Seward, agent of the American Sun-
day-school Union in Cincinnati, by whom he was intro-
duced to the secretary of that society, and in the course of
a few months entered into its employment. During his
long continuance with that organization he was enabled,
directly and indirectly, to establish hundreds of Sunday-
schools and to preach the gospel in numerous localities,
where it had been seldom or never heard. In many in-
stances these labors, in organizing the union Sunday-
schools, combined the feeble religious elements in the
village and settlement, followed by a meeting for prayer,
praise and Christian conference, then the gospel ministry
and the organization of a Christian congregation. A-mong
the first schools he established was the 1 ike Run Union
Sunday-school, in Allen county, then a new and sparsely
settled neighborhood, enjoying no religious privileges.
This school prospered, and during the following year a
prayer-meeting followed the Sunday-school held in the
morning; and before its close a church was constituted and
a log meeting house built, lie paid a visit in 1869 to this

.

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BKXIRABIIICAF FNCYCI.OlbFDIA.

locality, anil was cordially welcomed I »y l lie ol>l people,
who well remembered In-, advent among them over thirty
years before, and his cllorts to advance the cause of religion
among them, lie found a church with a mcmbei ship of
over three hundred, and four large and fiouri-diing Sunday-
schools; and in this, and other localities which he visited at
that time, he discovered many of the scholars of former
years had become teachers in the Sunday-school, superin-
tendents and ministers of the gospel. During the late civil
war he was Chaplain of the 39th Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, and was also engaged in the work of the United
States Christian Commission, lie was appointed, in 1S66,
a Commissioner of the Ohio Reform l-'ann School, contain -
ing 5°° boys. lie held this position for nine years. lie-
received his commission as a Missionary of the American
Sunday-School Union, February 12th, 1S36, which he still
retains, thus having been connected with that society over
forty years, lie was married in May, 1S43, to Rebecca
Hughes, and has a family of six children living.

Ul.I.IVAN, JOHN T., Tobacco Planter, was born)
August 25th, 1S22, on a farm, near the village of
Dover, Mason county, Kentucky, and is a son
of Randolph Sullivan, formerly of Virginia. De-
is of Irish lineage, his paternal ancestors having
emigrated at a very early day to America, and
settled in Virginia. One of the Sullivans intermarried with
the celebrated Randolph family of that colony, from whom
his father acquired his patronymic. The latter removed to
Kentucky, which he made his future home, and where his
children were born. John T. acquired all the education it
was possible to obtain in the schools of the neighborhood,
and then entered college with a view of preparing himself
fir becoming a physician; but the confinement and require-
ments of study proved irksome to one possessed of his
active hal its, and having abandoned the idea, returned in
poor health to his father s farm, w here he employed him-
self in the culture of tobacco until he attained his majority.
Soon after this he married and removed to the adjoining
county of Bracken, where extra inducements were offered
to tobacco growers by new and cheap lands. Here he en-
gaged extensively in business as farmer, storekeeper, and
tobacco dealer, and by his activity, enterprise, and constant
business intercourse with the people, soon acquired great
influence with them; and by personal effort, as well as by
furnishing the latest and most reliable information as to the
growth, packing, and handling of tobacco, beside a market
at their very doors, at the highest juice for all they grew,
he succeeded in the development of that interest in Bracken
county until it became the banner county of the district for
fine tobacco. He remained there for many years, all the
time being engaged — in addition to his farming and store-
keeping— as the head of a large tobacco firm, composed of

499

bankers and merchants, at Ripley, Ohio, and packed and
shipped a thousand hogsheads of tobacco yearly to all the
markets of the United States. Although residing in a com-
paratively obscuic rural district, lie was as widely and
favorably known to the shipping markets of New Orleans,
Baltimore, Rhitadelphia, and New York, and the cutting
men of Rochester, Buffalo, Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit,
Milwaukee, and Chicago, as to the most jrrominent city
dealers. '1 he appetite for business “growing by that upon
which it fed,” and the war between the South ami the gen-
eral government having closed one of the prominent sea-
ports—New Orleans — to shipments from the North, lie-
sought a new field for his enterprise, and about that time
removed to Cincinnati and engaged in the leaf tobacco job-
bing and commission business. To this point his old neigh-
bors and acquaintances from the Mason county district
followed him with their fine tobacco, and he was soon in
the front rank of commission men and dealers. Quick to
discover the demands of the cutting trade for sweet tobacco,
lie established a system of re-handling and re-drying all his
tobaccos, which insured their sweetness beyond all contin-
gency, and soon made them a necessity to cutters; which
fact gave him the control of the cutting trade, and was the
source of a considerable addition to his fortunes. Country
dealers, stimulated by Iris success in sales and profits, took
greater pains in the preparation of their tobaccos, which
were all shipped to Cincinnati. This contributed largely to
the tobacco trade of the city, and, in turn — on the principle
that, “ where the carcass is, there will the eagles be gath-
ered ” — cutters from all parts of the United Slates ami
Canada were brought together, and thus by his efforts a new
era was inaugurated in the tobacco trade of Cincinnati, and
that city was made, as she is'lo-day, the principal market
for the cutting stock of the United States, not to say the
world. Having now accumulated a handsome capital, in
connection with his brothers and brolhers-in-law, he erected
a mammoth warehouse in Covington, Kentucky, and began
a warehouse business. For these purposes the building
was a mistake as to location (though admirably adapted to
the business in other respects) ; yet by indomitable energy
and perseverance it was made a success pecuniarily, and
added, in the effort to get business for this house, largely
to the receipts of tobacco from fields that, up to this time,
were comparatively unknown to Cincinnati. His hands
being now full of outside business— operating a large farm
in Illinois, a gold mine in North Carolina, and divers and
sundry individual enterprises in and around his home — he
relinquished the warehouse and allowed it to pass into
other hands, and contented himself w ith a smaller business
requiring less of his individual efforts. He remained, how-
ever, as much interested as ever in the tobacco interest, and
look an honest pride in the continuance of the success of
the market with which he had effected so much in enlarg-
ing its sphere of operations, and he omitted no opportunity
to extend the area of its influence by the distribution of

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500

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

“ while seed ” in addition to personal visits and counsel to
growers in new districts, lie is now engaged in a most
interesting experiment, having for its object the extension
of the territory in which cutting tobacco may be grown.
This experiment i-> in connection with an enterprising cut-
ting house in Dayton, and is an effort to introduce and
grow the Mason county white tobacco in a district of Ohio
on the Miami and Mad rivers, adjacent to Dayton and
Miamisburg, and hitherto devoted entirely to the growth of
Ohio seed leaf. At the same time lie desires to demon-
strate the fact that by growing and curing this Ohio seed
leaf in the same manner as the Mason county tobacco is
grown and cured, that it will be just as good for cutting as
the Mason county variety. This is a very important move-
ment, and he, with his friends, have largely invested in this
enterprise. lie has received many evidences of the esteem
in which he is held, and the value of his labors, by being
chosen, as long as he desired to hold the position, Vice-
President of the Tobacco Hoard of Trade. He is a mem-
ber of the Council of Covington, and Chairman of the
Finance Committee of that body; and is also a member of
the School Board of that city. 1 le holds at present the
position of President of the Covington, Flemingsburg &
Pound Gap Railroad Company — a very important line,
penetrating the coal fields of Kentucky, and a road which
will add much to the wealth of that section and the region
through which it passes, lie is unceasing in his efforts in
its behalf, and if it is a success it will be mainly due to his
exertions. In personal appearance he is about five feet
eleven inches high, of dark complexion, black hair, flat and
rather loosely built, with a shambling, striding gait in his
walk, and indifferent as to his apparel. lie is of a modest
and somewhat retiring disposition, of unceasing energy anil
tireless industry; hopeful in his temper of mind; enthusias-
tic in his advocacy of new measures; of the strictest integ-
rity; prompt to adopt new ideas, anil always ready and
willing to back his views with bis labor and capital. Of
positive opinions, and tenacious in adhering to them, he is
sometimes unfortunate in offending by speech, without the
remotest intention of doing so. lie is a good triend,
liberal in bis charities to the poor and his donations to the
church; possesses a kind heart, and is a good husband,
father, and citizen, and one of whom the leaf tobacco trade
of Cincinnati may well feel proud.

RGEN, SYMMF.S IIENRY, M. I)., Physician,
was born, July 1 5th, 1S26, near Princeton, New
Jersey, and is a son of Christopher Bergen, an
officer in the war of 1 S 1 2 . His paternal grand-
father was an officer in the revolutionary army.
I Ie received a thorough classical education in a
private collegiate school in Freehold, New Jersey, and sub-
sequently, in 1S44, commenced the study of medicine with

his brother, Dr. Alfred Bergen, lie attended two courses
of lectures in the Berkshire Medical College, at Pittsfield,
M assaehusclts, and also one course at the College of Physi-
cians and Su.geons, in New York city. Having become a
private pupil of Professor Alonzo Clark, be accompanied
the latter to Woodstock, Vermont, in the spring of 1848,
and in the month of June of the same year received a
diploma and the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the
Vermont Medical College. In the course of the following
autumn he also received a diploma from the Berkshire
Medical College. He commenced the practice of his pro-
fession at North Bay, Oneida county, New York State, July
15th, 1848, where he remained seven years, and then re-
moved to Toledo, Ohio, where he has since resided. His
political sentiments were originally those of the old Whig
party, and since its disintegration he has allied himself with
the Republicans. In 1861 he was elected Coroner of Lucas
county, and re-elected in 1865 and 1864, serving in that
office for four years. At present he is a member of the
Board of Health ; he is also a member of the Toledo Medi-
cal Association, and President of the Toledo Mutual Life
Insurance Company. 11c was married, November 28th,
1860, to Mary S. Lalor, of Trenton, New Jersey.

ARRIS, JOSEPH ALBERT, Journalist, born in
Becket, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, January
15th, 1808. lie was early taught industrious,
studious, truthful habits. In 1S1S his parents

u SJ removed to the Connecticut Western Reserve,
ty

and built a log cabin in the sparsely settled woods
of the lake region, thirty miles from Cleveland. Until near
twenty years of age he assisted in clearing and cultivating a
farm, the site of the nourishing village of North Amherst.
His educational advantages were the di triet winter school,
the few books brought from the East, and the Weekly
Cleveland Herald. The books and paper were studied by
the evening fire, fed by hickory bark, or the primitive lamp
of the settlers. When seventeen years of age he taught in
the log school-house near his father’s farm, at ten dollars
per month and “ boarded around,” and for three winters
continued to teach in other districts at but a slight advance
in pay. At twenty he entered a law office in Elyria and
began the study of law. In one year he gave up law for
the position of Constable and Deputy Sheriff. On the
death of the Sheriff he was appointed to fill the vacancy,
and then elected and re-elected to that office. In 1832, in
partnership with two printers, he purchased the defunct
l.orain Caudle, and started the Ohio At/a r and Elyria Ad-
vertiser, Mr. Harris being the editor. Before the close of
his second official year as Sheriff he accepted an offer of
8500 per year, without board, with a prospect of much
travel in the South, and sold the Atlas, resigned his office,
and removed to Columbus. At one time he was templed to

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOl’.EDIA.

5oi

purchase a plantation stocked with negroes; but after in-,
vcsligating the system lie concluded it would be belter to
saw wood in free Ohio than to accept the plantation,
negroes and all, as a present. In 1837 lie removed to
Cleveland and became proprietor, with the late Judge
Whittlesey, of the Herald — the Daily Had hi and ll'hig,
rival papers, had been consolidated in one journal. At the
end of the first year Judge Whittlesey became so discour-
aged by the ill success that he withdrew and left Mr. Harris
sole proprietor. He had a hard struggle during that finan-
cial crisis, but with his new rule — pay as you go — he soon
|iaid off the old debts, and the Herald had money in bank.
He allowed no husband to advertise his absent wife, warn-
ing the public not to trust her; masters were not allowed to
advertise their runaway slaves; and quack medical notices
of a vicious tendency were carefully excluded. In reading
matter, only that which he would read aloud in the pres-
ence of his daughter and ladies was admitted, lie pub-
lished free all marriages, deaths, obituaries, religious,
society, benevolent, temperance, Masonic, Odd l'ellow, and
in short, all notices of public interest, including political
meetings, conventions, and nominations of all parties; and
also sent a free copy to lire clergy of every denomination.
This original, liberal policy endeared the Herald to the
public and made its success permanent. In 1850 Mr. A.
W. Fairbanks, of the 1'oledo Blade, removed to Cleveland
and became joint owner of the Herald by adding a job
office, and took charge of the business and printing depart-
ments in the firm of Harris 8: Fairbanks. In the spring of
1S53 Mr. George A. Benedict became one of the proprie-
tors and associate editor of the Herald. The paper was
thus owned and edited until the senior partner withdrew
from the concern. At the close of the war ot the rebellion
Mr. Harris dissolved bis long connection with the press.
His characteristics were industry, sound judgment, and in-
dexible integrity. Early in life, when it was fashionable
for every one to drink whiskey, wine, and beer, Mr. Harris
resolved to never taste again anything which intoxicates,
this pledge he always kept sacredly. Soon he abandoned
tobacco in all its forms; and later, lea and coffee were dis-
carded. As he looks back over his happy, healthful life,
nothing gives him more satisfaction than the thought that
he has been able to keep this pledge of his boyhood, and to
set the example of total abstinence to all the young people
of his acquaintance. After withdrawing from the Herald
he secured a tract of land a few miles west of Cleveland, on
Take Cliff, and soon had it under cultivation. Choice
table grapes have been a specialty, and he has been hon-
ored with many first premiums. In the Cincinnati Indus-
trial Exposition of 1872 be took all the principal premiums
on hardy grapes. Sixty-three varieties were exhibited, and
were pronounced the finest and largest collection ever shown
in Ohio. ( >f his crop of 1874, more than thirty-four tons of
grapes, for table use, were sold by a commission house in
Detroit. In 1846 he was an Alderman of Cleveland, and

in 1847 was elected Mayor. Those were the only official
positions he ever held in Cleveland. During the session
of 185(1-57 he was the Reporting Clerk of the Ohio House
of Representatives. He was frequently a delegate to con-
ventions. 1 1 e was a member of the Presidential Conven-
tions which nominated General Winfield Scott and John C.
Fremont. Early in his term of otlice as Sheriff of Lorain
county, he married Esther M. Race, who was a native of
lJcrkshire county, Massachusetts. They began housekeep-
ing in the log county jail. She has proved a true wife and
helpmeet — an active ami devoted friend of the poor, the
sick, the orphan — and was engaged in the woman's sanitary
work for the soldiers of the Union during the war of the
rebellion. To her Mr. Harris attributes much of the suc-
cess and happiness of his life. Four sons and a daughter
were born to them.

UDSON, HON. JOHN II., Grain Dealer and
Senator from the Thirtieth District of Ohio, was
born, July 5th, 1S24, in Auburn, New York, and
is the son of Emmanuel D. and Margaret (Iloyd)
Hudson, his father being a produce dealer and a
contractor on the public works of the State. He
was educated in the common schools of his native city,
completing his studies in the higher academy. When
twenty years of age be began the study of law ; but becom-
ing dissatisfied, withdrew after a short time, to accept the
position of Conductor on the Auburn & Syracuse Railroad,
where he wras so occupied for about three years. Subse-
quently, in 1852, he became the Assistant Superintendent
of the Buffalo & Erie Railroad, and finally General Super-
intendent of the same, conliiftiing therein until 1856. In
the autumn of the last-named year he accepted the position
of Superintendent of the Mad River 8: Lake Erie Railroad
— now known as the Cincinnati 8: Sandusky Railroad —
which he retained until the spring of 1861. In the same
year he contracted with the United Stales government to
ship Indian goods to all the Western reservations, and was
engaged in that service for two years thereafter. In 1863
he was appointed a special agent of the United Slates
Treasury Department, and held the same for one year. He
was next commissioned, in 1S64, Collector of the Customs
for the port of Norfolk, Virginia, which had been reopened
for business, and remained in that office until July, 1S65,
when he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue at
Richmond, in the same State. He held that position until
January, 1870, when he removed to his old home at San-
dusky, Ohio, and engaged in the grain trade, in which he
is still largely interested. lie was elected, on the Demo-
cratic ticket, in 1873, to the State Senate, and during his
service in that body has been a member of many important
committees, including those of Manufactures and Com-
merce, Railroads and Turnpikes, Finance, Benevolent
Institutions, State Buildings, and is the Chairman of the

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502

BIOGRAPHICAL E N C VC LO 1VEDIA.

Committee oil Corporations other than municipal. Al-
though lilling so large a lunnher of positions, he has never
Been a seeker of olliee ; his well-known ability of ad-
luinisli at ion and supervision being iceogni/ed, he was ap-
pointed to the several public stations without solicitation on
his part. lie was married, October, 1852,(0 Elizabeth A.,
daughter of the Reverend Samuel G. Orton, D. D., of
Chautauqua, New Volk, and is the parent of but one child,
Henry E. Hudson. Mr. Hudson was re-elected to the
State Senate of Ohio in 1875, on the Democratic ticket, for
two years, although his party was in a minority. He was
again appointed on the Finance Committee, and also on
those of Currency, Library, Manufactures and Commerce,
Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphan Home, Schools fur Imbecile
Youth, and Temperance.

ATM A WAY, WILLIAM E., Author and Lecturer,
was born, August 23d, 1844, at Milan, Erie
county, Ohio, his parents being Caleb and Rachel
(Wood) Hathaway. 1 1 is father was a native of
0 A New Bedford, Massachusetts, the son of a sea-
captain, and received his education in Philadel-
phia, residing there for several years belore removing to
Ohio, where he settled on the Western Reserve; his mother
was a native of the State of New York. Caleb Hathaway
was of English descent, and was a man of very considerable
culture and of great refinement, added to sound judgment.
He was deeply interested in everything pertaining to the
cause of education and the social advancement of the com-
munity. Erom him his son inherited his studious habits
and literary tastes. William was the youngest of nine
children. When he was seven years of age his father died,
leaving to his family a comfortable estate. Three years
thereafter Mrs. Hathaway married again, her second hus-
band being, although a gentleman of respectaoilily and
ample means, widely different in character and habits from
her lust husband. William went to his step-father’s home
to reside, and remained there for three years. 1 1 is change
of home and surroundings appears to have been disadvan-
tageous to him, and at the end ot three years, being then
thirteen years old, he left his step father’s home, and returned
to Milan, where he lived with an elder brother. lie
worked with his brother on his farm, assisting in the work
of clearing new and heavily timbered land, giving mean-
while as much of his time as possible to reading, of which
he was always passionately fond. Heretofore his winters
had been devoted to attendance upon district school, but
now he was enabled to avail himself of the advantages of an
excellent normal school at Milan. The course of study
here, together with one year at a high school, conducted by
the Society of Friends, at Adrian, Michigan, comprised his
opportunities in the way of school education. It had been
his purpose to pursue a collegiate course, but this was ren-
dered impossible by the death of his brother. In the spring

of 1863 he went to Chicago, and entered the grocery store
of another brother there. He had little taste for this busi-
ness, howevci , and belore very long became employed in the
insurance business. In 1 86b he louud an occupation con-
genial to his tastes, and in some measure suited to his liter-
ary talents, in the publication of the J /era It/ of Peace. 'Phis
was a semi-monthly paper, designed to be in some sense the
organ of the Society of Eriends, of which body he is still a
member. The publication was continued for two years,
but, although the paper was well received and was acknow l-
edged by all as a valuable publication, it was pecuniarily
unprofitable, and hence it was discontinued. In the mean-
time he continued to prosecute his studies, particularly his
literary studies, with much zeal, and employed private tutors
to instruct him in the languages, both ancient and modern,
a practice which he has continued fur several years. After
three years of such unceasing labor and study, his over-
taxed strength gave way, and for another period of three
years he was obliged to rest from all serious exertion. He
read much in the interval, however, and did a very consid-
erable amount of writing, mostly relating to social science,
prison reform, etc. He had prepared a great deal of manu-
script with a view to the publication of a volume, when the
great Chicago fire occurred, and all his manuscript and notes
were swept away. After the fire he removed to Cincinnati,
where he entered upon literature as a profession, connecting
himself in the meantime with the Children’s Home of that
city, and conducting for the institution a small monthly pub-
lication. llis literary work has been voluminous and com-
prehensive, embracing fiction and poetry as well as a large
variety of special articles contributed to the daily press, and
no small amount of service as a reporter and correspondent.
As a lecturer he is perhaps better known than as a writer,
and his frequent addresses, particularly on temperance and
in behalf of charitable enterp, ises, have been able and effec-
tive. He regards himself as still merely a student, and
studies as earnestly as ever to prepare himself for the work
his ambition aims at. He has been twice married. In
1S66 he married Hannah Roberts, of Lafayette, Indiana.
She died about three years later, and in February, 1874, he
married Martha T. Ashley, ol Milan, Ohio.

HEELER, LYMAN, was born in Winhall, Ver-
mont, August 1 lib, 1S04. He was the son of
Beriah Wheeler, a native of England, who came
to this country in early life and settled at Win-
hall. Lyman was one of eleven children, six
boys and five girls. His boyhood was passed at
home, working on his father’s farm in summer and attend-
ing the district school during the winter months. In this
district school he laid the foundation of an education upon
which he continued to build during the succeeding years of
his life. He taught school for one winter, while yet a boy,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOI’.EDI A.

5°3

anil al the age of sixteen entered college at Litchfield, Con-
necticut. lie maintained himself and defrayed the expenses
of his collegiate course hy teaching school during his vaca-
tions, At the age of twenty he had completed his collegiate
course. W ith a good education, energy, determination,
and the strong impulse of necessity as his capital, he set out
to battle with the world, lie went to Buffalo, New York,
where he was variously employed until 1832, when he de-
termined to go into business on his own account, lie
opened a book and stationery store in Buffalo, and in this
continued until 1 S 35, when, having been impressed with the
advantages which the West offered to industrious young
men, he closed up a business which is supposed to have
been remunerative, and removed to Toledo, Ohio. While
in Buffalo Mr. Wheeler had earned an enviable reputation
as a man of systematic business habits and an upright citi-
zen. He invested in Buffalo real estate to good advantage.
When he settled in Toledo (then Port Lawrence) the town
was small and of comparatively new birth, lie felt, how-
ever, that advantageous location, with the development of
the tributary country, gave promise of a prosperous future,
and he made haste to identify himself with its interests.
Soon after his arrival he bought real estate, including the
lot at the corner of Monroe and St. Clair streets, where the
Wheeler Opera House now stands, lie also associated
himself with a Mr. Law, and opened a small rectifying es-
tablishment on the corner of Perry and Swan streets. At the
end of one year the firm ot Wheeler 8: Law was dissolved,
Mr. Wheeler conducting the business alone for the next two
years. In 1S35 lie purchased a lot on Monroe street, on
which he built a store and two small dwellings, where, in
partnership with Mr. Charles A. Crane, he carried on in the
store a grocery and rectifying trade. In 1S40 he again
thought it well to do business exclusively on his own ac-
count, and accordingly bought Mr. Crane’s interest. In
1843 he formed a copartnership with Mr. Mathias Boos, of
Toledo, which continued for about twenty-two years. The
new firm opened a ship chandlery store on the dock near
Jefferson street. Phis they sold out at the end of live years
and turned their attention to rectifying. They did a large
business and prospeted. In a few years they built the
Brick Block, on Monroe street, Toledo, which they occu-
pied till 1865. Years of hard work were beginning to tell
upon a frame on which disease had already fastened itself.
Mr. Wheeler therefore thought it w ise to dissolve the part-
nership with Mr. Boos, and associate with himself his son,
under the limi-name of I,. Wheeler & Son. At the end of
a year the business was sold to Mr. Boos, and Mr. Wheeler
sought rest and relief after an active and busy life. The dis-
ease w hich had slow ly but surely been wearing his life away
developed into cancer of the liver. Though at times suf-
fering intensely, he bore his ills with patience and fortitude,
until death came to bring a final release. He passed away
September 27th, 1867. His remains rest in f orest Ceme-
tery, Toledo, lie was married at Chicago, \ugust 251I1,

1836, to Maria L. Aikin, who was one of his pupils while
he taught school in Oswego, New York. Of tins union
were born nine children, three ol whom, together with their
mother, still live. Helen, the elder daughter, is the wife
of Mr. Louis Wachenlieimer, of Toledo. Sarah Mande-
villc, the younger daughter, resides with her mother in the
family mansion, built by Mr. Wheeler in i860. '1 he son,

Robert Jeffrey, born in Toledo, Sej tember 25th, 1843, has
for several years been a member of the firm of 1 homas &
Wheeler, lumber dealers. Although actively engaged in
business all his life, Mr. Wheeler found time to cultivate an
innate literary taste, and those social graces which made
him a courted companion, lie was fond of the English
poets, and gave much of his leisure lime to Shakespeare.
To commemorate his love for the dramatic bard of Avon(
his heirs erected in 1870 the 'Wheeler Opera House, at a
cost of $125,000. It is a handsome structure and elegantly
fitted, and stands on the site of his old store. As a member
for several successive years of the Toledo City Council, his
fellow-citizens bear testimony to his faithful service. As a
Director of the f irst National Bank of Toledo, from the
time of its organization to the day of his death, he proved
himself a careful and safe adviser. In social and in business
circles Mr. Wheeler’s upright character, kindly disposition,
and suavity of manner, were conspicuous and attractive
traits. His friend and partner for twenty-two years told the
story of his life in brief wdien he said, “ No courts would be
needed if all men were like Lyman Wheeler.” It is
worthy of note, as bearing additional testimony to the high
confidence and esteem which Mr. Wheeler enjoyed, that,
from the financial crash of 1837-38 until 1840, the checks
of Wheeler & Crane were more readily accepted than the
notes of any bank in Toleddt Mr. Wheeler’s memory is
held in tender regard by the large circle of friends which he
drew to him in life.

SDAE, CARL F., Banker, of Cincinnati, was born
^ in (leislingen, Wurtemberg, March 1 2th, 1815.
^ lie received a fair education at Goppingen, and
^ al the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a mer-
’■> chant at Stuttgardt in a dry-goods business. After
completing his apprenticeship according to the
strict usages of Germany, he determined to try his fortunes
in America. Accordingly in 1836, at the age of twenty-
one, he started for this country, and during the same year
landed in Cincinnati, where he continued to reside until his
death. After arriving in Cincinnati, he employed himself
at first in teaching the German language. But his inclina-
tions lay wholly in a mercantile direction, and hence on the
first opportunity he entered a store as a clerk. For a few
years he engaged in various businesses; among others was
bookkeeper in the store of Joshua Yorke, and in the Com-
mercial Bank. Finally, in 1846, he started a general com-
mission and grocery business in connection with A. l.abrot.

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504 BI0CRA1T1 1CAL

'i'liis connection continued many years, and was marked by
the greatest prosperity. In 1848 lie w as appointed Consul
at Cincinnati lor Wurtcmberg, and afterwards filled the con-
sulate successively lor Havana, linden, Prussia, and linally
for the remaining German powers. These consulships he
Idled without interruption from 1848 to 18G8, probably a
longer time than such oltice has ever been held by another
in the history of these affairs. In 1857 he organized the
“German Savings Institution,” or bank; and remained
President and Manager of this until his death, March 2S1I1,
1808. Under lus management the institution became one
of the most substantial, beneficial and successful banking
establishments of its kind in the country. Under his suc-
cessors it remains one of the most reliable and flourishing
houses of the city. Mr. Adae was married to Ellen Woods,
of Cincinnati. lie left a large family, of whom his oldest
son, Charles A. Adae, an energetic young business man, is
partner in the banking house established by his father. Two
other sons are also engaged in the same house. Mr. Adae
was of the more scholarly and better class of business men,
extremely methodical and economical, and with the great
faculty of thrift characteristic of his nationality, he managed
to amass a comfortable fortune. lie ranked as one'of the
most thorough, active and successful business men of
Cincinnati, ami besides leaving to his family a compe-
tency, he left them a private and business reputation of
which they may well be proud.

, ICKINSON, IION. RODOLPIIUS, was born, De-
cember 28th, 1797, at Whately, Massachusetts.
Having graduated at Williams College he located
in Columbus, Ohio, teaching school for a time,
and afterwards reading law with Oustavus Su'an.
After his admission to the bar he opened a law
office at Tiffin. In 1S24 he \yas appointed Prosecuting
Attorney at the first term of the Court of Common Pleas
held in Seneca county. In May of 1S26 he look up his
residence at Fremont, then Lower Sandusky, and in the
following year married Margaret lieaugrand, daughter of
John II. lieaugrand, one of the original settlers of Lower
Sandusky. Mr. Dickinson was a member of the Hoard of
Public Works of Ohio from 1S36 to 1S45. lie was the
leading spirit in the several schemes of internal improve-
ment, especially in the matter of the Wabash and Erie
Canal, the Wesleru Reserve and Maumee Road. During
the era of financial depression in 1837-38, his prudent
counsels contributed largely to save the progress on the
public work from indefinite suspension. In 1846 Mr.
Dickinson was elecled to Congress, ami was re-elected in
1S4X. During his second term he died, at Washington,
District of Columbia, March 201I1, 1849, leaving a widow
and seven children.

ENCYCLOPEDIA.

DERRICK, IION. WALTER E., Attorney-at-Law,
was born in Leroy, Genesee county, New York,
October 22d, 1822. llis lather was a native of
Herkshire county, Massachusetts (where the
family of the pr vious generation resided), but
removed to Wellington, Ohio, in 1827. llis an-
cestors were active participants in the revolutionary war of
1776. The family trace their lineage back to a famous
Danish prince ot the ninth century. The coat of arms, sur-
mounted by a bull’s head regardant, and bearing the words
“ Virlus Nobilitat Omnia,” is still in the family. Mr. Her-
rick was educated at the schools of the village, and at the
academy at Ashland, Ohio. He was engaged in clerking
from 1845 tl> 1848, when he engaged in business for him-
self with fair success, and rapidly won attention by his
energy, integrity and general ability. In 1854 and 1855 he
served as a member of the Ohio Legislature, still continu-
ing his business until the fall of 1859, w hen he was again
elected to the Legislature for the years i860 and 1861.
When the war of the rebellion broke out he, with other
members of the Legislature, among whom were Generals
Garfield and Cox, commenced drilling preparatory to en-
tering the army to maintain the Union. August 9th,
1861, he was appointed by Governor Dennison Quarter-
master of the 43d Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
In January, 1862, was commissioned Major of the same
regiment, and soon after was ordered into active service in
the field in Missouri and other States. For nearly three
years more he was with the regiment in camp, on the
march, or leading its columns on the battle-field. lie as-
sisted at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10,
then went with the army as it advanced upon Corinth,
Mississippi, remained there fighting almost daily, until the
evacuation of the place by Beauregard early in the summer
of 1S62. He was with his command at the battles of luka
and Corinth, October 4th, 1S62, at which time nearly one-
half the officers of the regiment, including the gallant J. I..
Kirby Smith, were killed, lie was promoted to a Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy October 12th, 1862, and remained inactive
service in Mississippi and Alabama during the remainder of
1S62-63, and was w ith General Fnilcr’s division at the cap-
turing of Decatur, Alabama, in March, 1864. He was with
the Army of the Tennessee, under General Mcl’herson, at
Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain;
with General Dodge when the advance was made upon
Atlanta, and in the engagements thereon the 18th, 22d and
28th of July. His health becoming so impaired by three
and a half years of active service, he was under the neces-
sity of leaving the army, which he did about the year 1864.
lie was brevetted Colonel and Brigadier-General, March
13th, 1S65, for “ gallant and meritorious conduct during the
war.” From 1869 to 1873 he was acting as Confidential
Agent of the Internal Revenue Department. Since then he
has been in the practice of his profession. He was first
connected with the Free-Soil party, then with the Repub-

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biog ka pi i iCAi, ENCVCLOP.LDIA.

S°5

lican, rendering his best service to each. As a legislator he
was possessed of a varied fund of valuable and apposite
knowledge, which made him trenchant and able In debate,
ever sustaining tempi ram e, lice soil, Republicanism and
the Union cause.

AUN DERSON, THOM AS \Y., Lawyer, was born,
October 171I1, 1829, in Indiana, Indiana county,
Pennsylvania. When he was seven years of age
his father, Matthew 1). Saunderson, removed
with his family to Youngstown, Ohio. Here
Thomas leeched the basis of his education. 1 or
three years after leaving school he devoted himself to civil
engineering. At the end of that time he resolved to lollovv
the advice of friends and the bent of his inclination by
adopting the law as his profession. The result verified the
wisdom of this step. Alter his admission to the bar his
talent and industry won a speedy recognition, lie took an
active part in politics, and in 1856 was elected Prosecuting
Attorney of Mahoning County. In September of 1S61 lie
was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 2d Ohio Cavalry,
remaining in the service until the close of the war. lie
served under Generals Blount, Rosecrans, Thomas and
Sherman, being in the engagements at Franklin, Chicka-
mauga, Chattanooga, the battles about Atlanta, Waynes-
borough, Resaca, Avcrysborough, Ilentonville, and the last
scenes in the realistic panorama of the rebellion. Passing
through the intermediate grades of rank, he was honorably
discharged, August 8lh, 1S65, as a lhigadier-General. lie
returned to Youngstown and resumed the practice of his
profession, in which he has been eminently successful.
General Saunderson was a delegate at large to the National
Republican Convention at Philadelphia, in 1872, and is
prominently known in the politics of the State. He mar-
ried Elizabeth Shoemaker, of Pennsylvania, December
19th, 1854.

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, A1.P1N, WII LIAM G., Civil Engineer, was born
in county Meath, Ireland, May 301I1, 1825. lie
belonged to the agricultural class, and was edu-
cated at private academies in Ireland and Eng-
land. In 1S39 he was appointed Assistant in
the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and England by
the British government, and continued in that employment
until 1S45, when he engaged in railroad engineering,
which he continued until he emigrated to the United
Slates, in 1847. He settled in Cincinnati in November of
the latter year, and pursued the private practice of his pro-,
fession until 1S49, when he was appointed City Surveyor.
After the creation of the office of City Civil Engineer he
was for many years Assistant to that officer. In i86t he
raised a company of volunteers, for three years, or during
('\

the war, and joined the 15th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer
Infantry, and during the four years following held the sue
cessive ranks of Captain, Major and Lieutenant < 'oloiief,
besides seiviug as Engineer and in other lesponsible official
positions. Alter lie was nii.alcrcd out, in 18(15, lie went to
Europe, and on his way back to the United States, July
41I), 1807, he was arrested on board the steamship “ City
1 of Paris,” in the Bay of Queenstown, and taken to Dublin.

I He was there kept in close confinement for five months,
without tiial or investigation, and then arraigned for a
1 crime known only to British law, and called “ treason
.felony.” Having been convicted, on false testimony, he
was sentenced to fifteen years’ penal servitude. He spent
four years in solitary confinement at London and Chatham,
^ and was then released, w hen he immediately instituted pro-
ceedings against Great Britain through the United Stales
government for the recovery of ,Si,ooo,ooo damages for
false imprisonment. After his return to the United States,
1 in 1S71, he was employed to superintend the building of a
1 stone arch bridge by the city of New York, w hence, after a
j residence of fifteen months, he returned to his old home at
I Cincinnati and engaged again in private professional duty,
which lie continued until elected City Engineer, in April,

! 1S75.

[eID, SAMUEL VENABLE, Mci chant of Cin-
cinnati, was born at Lynchburg, Virginia, July
19th, 1S53. His father, Rev. William S. Reid,
D. D., a. native of Chester county, Pennsylvania,
and a graduate of Princeton College, was called
to the Presidency Of Hampden Sidney .College,
in Prince Edward county, Virginia, at the age of twenty-
two years. Having there married the daughter of Colonel
Samuel Venable, then one of the most prominent and influ-
ential citizens of the Stale, he removed to Lynchburg in
180S, where he resided during the remainder of his life
and established the First Presbyterian Church of that city,
in w hich arose the first difficulty which finally led to the
rupture of the church into the two branches of Old and
New School. Samuel Venable Reid attended the grammar
school of Lexington, Virginia, and passed thence to the
Washington College, now known as the Washington and
Lee College, but afterward matriculated at the University
of Virginia, whence he graduated in 1855. He spent two
years at hi . home in Lynchburg, and then in the fall of
1857 removed to Cincinnati, where he associated in part
nership w ith William B. Williams, under the firm-name of
Williams & Reid, and engaged in the provision business.
The outbreak of the war, in 1861, found this firm engaged
in pork-packing, but he immediately raised a company of
volunteers in Kentucky, which he armed and equipped at
his own expense, and with them returned to his native
State, where he joined her army, afterward known ns the

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BlUGEAl'lllCAE ENCYCEOl’.EDIA.

500

Confederate army. llis company being assigned lu the 1st
Arkansas Regiment of Infantry, he held the rank of Captain
for about two years, lie was then promoted to Major and
transferred to the staff of Major-( ieneral Ransom, then
Chief of Cavalry in Tennessee, and afterward in command
of troops around Richmond. In June, 1864, he was trans-
ferred, by order of the War Department, to Wilmington,
North Carolina, where he became Chief of Provision Sup-
plies, both foreign and domestic, and was also assigned to
special duty on the staff of Major-General Whiting. When
General Bragg became Chief of the Department of the
Carolinas, in February, 1S65, with head-quarters at Wil-
mington, M tjor Reid was assigned to his staff, and re-
mained thereon until the surrender of General Joseph E.
Johnston to General W. T. Sherman, at Greensborough,
North Carolina. Being released on parole, he returned to
Lynchburg, and in the fall of 1S65 engaged in planting
cotton on a plantation in Arkansas, below Helena. The
speculation proved unsuccessful, and in the fall of 1S66 he
returned to Cincinnati, where he resumed his business as a
pork-packer. lie relinquished the packing in 1S68, and
since that date has given his whole attention to dealing in
provisions. In 1872 he was elected Vice-President of the
Chamber of Commerce, and was re-elected in 1873. At
the close of the latter term lie was appointed one of the
Commissioners to represent the Chamber of Commerce at
the Industrial Exposition, and still fills that position, lie
has been one of the most energetic and active among the
originators of the Haddock Nail Machine and Nail Manu-
facturing Company of Cincinnati, and of w hich he is now
Vice-President,

’’CKERT, MICHAEL, was born at Scheidt, Rhein-
fals, Bavaria, November 15th, 1815. lie is the
youngest son of Christian and Margaret Eckert.
1 1 is father was a miller, farmer and lumber-
dealer, w ho was able to provide liberally for the
education of his children ; although he died
when the subject of this sketch was but four years of age,
the boy’s education was fully arranged for, and not until he
was thirteen did he leave school to begin the earnest work
of life for himself. For a few' years after finishing his
schooling he worked on the farm and in the mill. At the
age of seventeen, having decided upon a business for him-
self, he wars apprenticed to learn the tannery trade. In
two and a half years he found himself so skilful in his trade
as to fit him to take a position in any tannery as a journey-
man. Accordingly for a while he worked in that capacity,
until the stories he heard of life and fortune in America
determined him to emigrate to this land of golden dreams.
After passing through the usual troubles of young able-
bodied men subject to military servitude, when attempting
to migrate from the “Fatherland,” at last, in August, 1835,

lie set sail from Havre, and in the following September
landed in New York city. He repaired at once to Phila-
delphia upon the recommendation of his brother, who had
preceded him. Here he worked at his trade for a year and
a half, when he was induced to try his fortune in the Queen
City of the West. Accordingly, in 1837, he arrived in
Cincinnati. One year and a half after arriving in that city
he spent in the tannery of Abraham Fullwhiier, on Deer
creek. Yet being unsettled, about this time he made a trip
to Missouri, will) the design of locating a tannery for him-
j self. Not finding things to suit him out West, he returned
to Cincinnati in 1839 and resumed work \yith the old firm.
Here he continued until 1841. In this year he formed a
partnership with Girard Dickman, opened a small leather
j store on Main street and established a tannery on Central
I avenue, where his establishment, the \\ estern Tannery,

1 now is. Mr. Eckert himself look charge of the tannery
land Mr. Dickman of the store. This partnership lasted
: seventeen years. In 1858, by mutual consent, a division
of the property was made, the tannery, of course, falling to
; Mr. Eckert. These had been seventeen years of uninter-
rupted prosperity, but the more adventurous and progres-
! sive tendencies of Mr. Eckert made this separation a
; necessity. Only two years after the dissolution of the
| partnership he found it necessary to open a store for his
trade on Main street above Fourth ; this was soon after rc-
! moved to his present place, on Main between Fifth and
Sixth streets. He is now' numbered among the wealthy
men of Cincinnati, with a large and profitable business in
its most prosperous period. No man in the community
stands higher than Mr. Eckert. Ilis whole business career
has been an honorable and an enviable one, and he ranks
deservedly high among the successful men of the country.
In 1843 he wars married to Elizabeth Reice, of Cincinnati.
Mrs. Eckert is a native of this country, and was born in
1824. Her father, John Reice, came to America in 1817,
and the same year located in Cincinnati. He was one of
the first pork dealers of Cincinnati. Mrs. Eckert is a
woman of uncommon strength of mind and character, and
has been most emphatically a “help-meet" to her husband.

OIINSON, JOHN T., Merchant, was born in 1815,
in Lynchburg, Virginia. The death of his par-
ents, which occurred when he w’as between seven
and eight years of age, left him, like his brothers
and sisters, to be cared for by relatives. The
subject of this sketch had the good fortune to be
well raised and afforded the usual educational facilities of
the time. Of an active and energetic disposition, young
Johnson soon became restive under dependence, and re-
solved to strike out for himself. He engaged in the manu-
facture of plug tobacco, an important industry in his native

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCI.OP.KDIA.

5°7

Slali*. lie plodded mi fm several years, but iliseovereil
that his iinhislry ami perseverance, unaided by capital,
could not compete successfully with the established linns.
Mr. Johnson was compelled to retire from business in a
straitened financial condition, llis venture, however, had
not been without good results. It gave him an opportunity
to show himself a young man of industrious habits and
high moral character. After he had wound up his allairs
in Virginia, Mr. Johnson determined- to go West and
settle. As the result of careful prospecting lie fixed upon
Cincinnati, where he located permanently in 1847. With-
out loss of time he began the manufacture of plug tobacco,
lie subsequently formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph E.
Roberts, under the now well-remembered lirm-narne of
Roberts & Johnson, whose plug tobaccos attained a wide
celebrity. The linn prospered, and Mr. Johnson was en-
abled to pay olf the indebtedness he had contracted in
\ irginia, dollar for dollar and with interest. Mr. Johnson
aided materially in bringing about the establishment in
Cincinnati of a warehouse for the sale of leaf tobacco at
auction, and immediately his firm added a leaf department
to the manufacturing business, Mr. Johnson being the prin-
cipal buyer and seller for his linn. His face and voice
were well known in the salesroom, where he was sure to be
when there was business to be done, lie did many a poor
seller a good turn by bidding his tobacco up to fair figures.
No tobacco was too good nor any too ordinary for Mr.
Johnson to buy. llis firm had custom for all sorts, and lie
bought freely, thus helping to make Cincinnati an im-
portant tobacco market. The leaf business of the firm
reached such proportions under Mr. Johnson’s skilful
direction that it was thought expedient to coniine the
operations of the house to that specialty. During the war,
and for a year or two after its close, Messrs. Roberts A
Johnson did an immense trade, realizing large profits, a
satisfactory state of allairs which continued until the firm
was dissolved. The division of the assets gave to each
partner a handsome competency. Mr. Johnson continued
the business in his own name, until within a year or two
since, with all his old time energv. llis health began to
give way under the strain; he was not disposed to go ‘-on
the road ” to solicit custom, as Ins younger competitors
were doing, and he resolved to withdraw from active
business as soon as he could bring it to a satisfactory close,
lie has since been gradually disposing of his large stock
with a view to an early retirement. Mr. Johnson resides in
the Sixteenth ward of Cincinnati, in a handsome residence,
surrounded by the comforts which he has earned by years
of unremitting toil. For one term he represented his ward
in Council, but the course of municipal legislation was not
to his liking, and he declined to take any further part in
politics. lie is an earnest and exemplary member of the 1
Methodist Church and a faithful laborer in the Sunday-
school cause, to both of which he lias contributed liberally
of his time and means. lie is strictly temperate in all

things, and a man who has the respect of the community.
As husband and father he is the well-beloved head ol a
happy family circle.

cKINNEY, SAMUEL S., Lawyer, was horn,
August 31st, 1818, on a farm two miles north
of 1'iqua, Miami county, Ohio, of American par-
entage. llis father was a Pennsylvanian by
birth, and removed to Ohio towards the close of
the last century, thus becoming one of the pioneer
settlers of the State, and settled on the farm where his chi 1 -
dren were afterwards horn. Samuel lived on the farm until
he was twenty-two years old. He received a good common
school education, and then commenced the study of law
with Gordon N. Molt, of 1‘iqua, afterwards Territorial
Judge of Nevada. He was admitted to the bar in 1S42,
and commenced the practice of his profession in l’icpia,
where he has ever since resided. In 1850 he took his
brother, Hon. J. E. McKinney (whose biographical sketch
appears in this volume), into partnership with him, which
linn still continues, their practice being large and very
lucrative, lie has always been a Democrat, but has uni-
formly declined office, lie was Mayor of l’iqua in lie
early part of his career, excepting which lie has held no
offices. He married, 1848, Elizabeth Manning, of I’iqua,
who died in the following year. He was again married, in
1854, to Caroline, daughter of Rev. Joshua lloucher, well
known throughout the State for his services in the pulpit.
She died in the year succeeding her marriage. He has
never married again.

I (G ONES, AQU1LA, Physician, was horn, April 12th,
1807, at Bean Station, Granger county, Tennes-
see. He is the eighth of ten children, the issue
of William Jones and Deborah McVey. llis
father was a native of North Carolina, and by
trade a housebuilder. William Jones moved to
Ohio, March 41)1, 1810, locating near Wilmington, Clinton
counts', where he resided until his death, August 71I1, 1S41.
The mother of our subject was a Virginian. She died in
1849. Aquila received careful training at home, and at-
tended the best schools until he was sixteen years of age,
in the meantime teaching oive year at V ilmington, Clinton
county. In 1825 he was appointed by the Commissioners
of Clinton county to fill the office of County Auditor, which
he held for two years. While teaching school he had read
“ Blackstone,” with a view to adopt the law as his profes-
sion. He afterwards abandoned this design, and in the
fill of 1S24 began reading medicine under Dr. I.oami
Rigdon, ol Wilmington. Eor the next four ycais he was a
close student under good instruction. In 1829 In* entered
the Ohio Medical College, and attended lectures faithfully.

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BIOGRAB11ICAL FNCYCLOR.F.DIA.

50S

In 1 8 jo lie Infill practice at Washington Court House,
l ayette county, Ohio, rein. lining there about one yeai. In
1 83 1 lie moved to Bainbridge, Ross county, where he pur-
sued his profession until the winter o( 1854-35, when he
took up Ins residence at Wilmington, Clinton county. Dr.
Jones has since lived in Wilmington, where he has built up
a large practice. lie has been a freipient contributor to
medical journals, his articles attracting considerable atten-
tion from the profession. For many years he has been an
active member of the Ohio Medical Association. In poli-
tics Dr. Jones is a Democrat, lie cast his Inst vote for
Henry Clay. II is temperate, upright life and courteous
address, have merited the regard of the community in which
he lives. November 2d, 1830, he married Caroline A.
Dawson, of Frederick county, Virginia, by whom he is the
father of six children.

>o> ■■ —

^HIDINGS, JOSHUA REED, Lawyer and States-

' 1 1 -v man, was born, October 6th, 1795, at Athens,

f I J 1 Bradford county, Pennsylvania. In infancy his

<'-;As-f' parents removed to Canandaigua, New York,

\,-p), 1 . 0

•iY- j where they remained until lie was ten years old,

when they emigrated to Ashtabula county, Ohio,
among the lirst settlers in that part of the Western Reserve.
His only opportunities for study were such as he could
command in the family circle, and in the intervals of hard
labor upon his father’s farm. In 1S12, when less than
seventeen years old, he enlisted as a soldier for active ser-
vice, being accepted as a substitute for an older brother.
He was one of the expedition sent to the peninsula north
of Sandusky bay, where, in two battles on one day with a
superior force of Indians, it lost nearly one-fifth of its num-
ber in killed and wounded. At the close of his short term
of service as a soldier, he commenced teaching school. In
I Si 7 he began the study of law with lion. F.lisha Whittle
scy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. In 1S26 he was
chosen a Representative to the State Legislature, and after
serving one term, declined a re-election, and devoted him-
self to his profession until 1S38, when he was elected to
Congress as the successor of his instructor, Hon. E. Whittle-
sey. Having been for some years' an active abolitionist,
and entering the House at a time of great excitement on
the subject of slavery, he not only took his stand by the
side of John Quincy Adams as a supporter of the right of
petition, but became at once a prominent champion of the
abolition of slavery, and also of the slave trade in the Dis-
trict of Columbia as well as in the Territories under the
jurisdiction of the national government ; and he became
distinguished chiefly by the zeal and pertinacity of his
opposition to slavery. 1 1 is first attempt to speak against
the slave trade in the District of Columbia was made Feb-
ruary I 1th, 1839, when he was silenced by the enforcement
of a rule enacted for the purpose of preventing the discus-
sion u! that and kindred topics. On February 9th, 1841,

lie delivered his first anti slavery speech upon the Indian
war in Florida, which, he contended, was begun and car-
ried on in the interest of slavery. In the autumn of 1841
the “Creole,” an American vessel, sailed from Virginia lor
New t fi lcans, with a cargo of one hundred and thirty six
slaves. The slaves rose upon the master and crew, and
after a brief struggle, in which they killed one man, took
possession of the vessel, ami entered the British port of
Nassau, w here their right to freedom was recognized and
protected. This event created an intense excitement in the
United Slates, and the Secretary of State, lion. Daniel
Webster, in a letter addressed to Edward Everett, United
Stales Minister at London, avowed the intention of die
government, in the interest ol the owners, to demand in-
demnification for the slaves. On March 2lst, 1842, Mr.
Giddings brought the subject before Congress in a series of
resolutions, in which it was declared that, as slavery was
an abridgment of natural right, it could have no force
beyond the territorial jurisdiction that created it; that when
a ship left the waters of any St.ite, the persons on board
ceased to be subject to the slave laws of such State, and
thenceforth came under the jurisdiction of the United Slates,
which had no constitutional authority to hold slaves; that
the persons on board the “Creole,” in resuming their natural
rights of personal liberty, violated 410 law of the United
States, incurred no legal penalty, and were justly liable to
no punishment ; and that any attempt to re-enslave them
was unauthorized by the constitution, and incompatible with
the national honor. These resolutions created so intense
an excitement that, yielding to the importunities of some of
his party friends, who thought the time unfavorable for
their consideration, he withdrew them, declaring his inten-
tion to present them on % future occasion. Whereupon
John Minor Bolts, of Virginia, introduced a resolution de-
claring that the conduct of |oshua R. Giddings in offering
the resolutions to be “altogether unwarranted and un-
warrantable, and deserving the severe condemnation of the
people of this country, and of this body in particular.” The
previous question being moved, he was thus denied the
right ol self-defence, ami the resolution was adopted by 125
yeas to 69 nays, lie instantly resigned his seat, and called
upon his constituents to pronounce their judgment in the
case, w hich they did by re-electing him by a large majority.
He resumed his scat May 51I1, after an absence of six weeks,
and held the post by successive re-elections until March 3d,
1S61, making his w hole period of service twenty-two years,
lie was one of the nineteen members of Congress, who, in
1S43, united with John Quincy Adams in an address to the
people of the United Slates, warning them against the an-
nexation of Texas, and declaring that its consummation
“ by any act or proceeding of the Federal government, or
any of its departments, would be identical with dissolution.”
In 1844 he united'with the same gentleman in submitting a
report (upon a memorial from the Legislature of Massachu-
setts) in which it was distinctly declared that the liberties

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BIOGRAPHICAL FNCYCI.ORFDIA.

of 1 1 10 j )o« >| >! o luil their primary foundation in the truths of
Chi' islianity. In 1849 he made an elaborate speech, in

which he nuintaincil that nun could not be property, and
that to treat him as such is a crime. In the same year, the
Senate bavins' amended an appiopi iation bill, by inserting
a piovision extending the laws ol the coasting trade to ( ali-
fornia, with the intention, as was believed, to legalize the
trade in slaves between the Atlantic and l’acihe coasts, he
called attention to the matter on the last night ol the session,
and succeeded in gelling the provision removed. In the
( )regon controversy, he maintained the right of the United |
States to the whole Territory, declaring that that right
would be sacrificed by the administration for fear that a war
with Great Britain would lead to the abolition of slavery.
In the celebrated case of the “Armistad,” he maintained the
right of the negroes to lake their freedom, and zealously
opposed the effort to induce Congress to indemnify the
Spanish claimants. In 1S47 he refused to vote for Robert
C. Winthrop, the Whig candidate for Speaker, deeming him
unsound on the slavery question, lie acted generally with
the Whig party till 1848, gi\ ing his hearty support to Gen-
eral Harrison and Henry Clay, but refused, on anti-slavery
grounds, to support General Taylor. In the election of
1848 he acted with the Free- Soil party. In 1S49 he united
with eight other members of the House in relusing to vote
for any candidate who would not pledge himself to such a
construction of the standing committee, as would secure a
respectful consideration of petitions relating to slavery, in
consequence of which, the Whig candidate for Speaker,
Robert C. Wiuthrop, after a struggle of three weeks, failed
of his election, Howell Cobb, the Democratic candidate,
being chosen by a plurality of votes. In 1S50 he took a
prominent part in opposing the enactment of the “com-
promise measures,” so termed, especially the fugitive slave-
law. He was also conspicuous in the debates upon the re-
lic.il of the Missouri Compromise, and in those upon the
subsequent troubles in Kansas. In July, 1850, he was dis-
tinctly charged with the abstraction of important papers
from the general post-olhee. A committee composed chiefly
ol bis politic d opponents, alter a tigid examination, ex-
onerated him entirely, it being conclusively shown that the
charge was the result of a conspiracy against him. On
May Silt, 1856, while addressing the House, he suddenly
fell to the lloor in a slate of unconsciousness, from which,
however, he soon revived, though in a condition of great
weakness. On January 17th, 1858, the same accident
occurred, and for some moments he was supposed to be dead.
He slowly returned to consciousness, but was compelled for
a time to be absent from his post; his disease was an affec-
tion of the nervous system acting upon the heart. Having
declined a re-nomination by his constituents, he was ap-
pointed, by President l.ineoln, Consul-General for Canada,
the duties of which office lie discharged at Montreal until
his death. 1 11 1843 he wrote a series of political essays,
signed “ Pacificus,” which attracted considerable attention.

5°9

A volume of his speeches in Congress was published in
lloston in 1853; and an interesting narrative of the oppres-
sion exercised by the slaveholders of Florida over the
egroes, Indians, and mixed races of the peninsula, under
the title ol “The Kxilcs ol Florida,” was published in 1 85 8,
at Columbus, Ohio. "A llistoiy of the Rebellion, its
Authors and Causes,” which is mainly a history of the anti-
slavery struggle of the last twenty-five years — antecedent to
the civil war — in Congress, -ms published just after his
death, which occurred at Montreal, Canada Fast, May 27th,
18(14.

<<^3)

FLACOURT, LOUIS IF, Editor and Proprietor
ol the A’a/ional Zcitung, and son of Charles A.
W. and Scraphine (llaacke) Delacourl, was born
at Colmar, France, January 251I1, 1830. lie is,
as the names of his parents would plainly indi-
cate, of mixed German and French descent. The
family of Delacourl, or, to follow the original orthography,
tic la Com , is one of ancient French pedigree, and being
royalists in politics, its members (led across the Rhine on
the breaking out of the French revolution, and found safety
in one of the German states till the carnage of that terrible
epoch was concluded by the triumphs of Napoleon the First.
The parents of Mr. Delacourl removed to Magdeburg,
Saxony, the year following his birth, and he received his
education at the renowned polytechnic school of that city,
graduating from the Department of Engineering in 1S46.
At the age of eighteen Mr. Delacomt came to New York
and devoted one year to acquiring a perfect knowledge of
the English language, after which he engaged in the tobacco
trade, dealing principally in imported cigars. In 1S50 he
removed to Charleston, South Carolina, w here he remained
five years in the same line of trade as in- New York, and
during the last year of his residence occupied the editorial
chair of the Ch,n!cston Ziitung, the first German paper
established in the State. Leaving Charleston in 1855, he
engaged in the dry-goods trade at New Orleans till the
breaking out of the rebellion in 1861, when he went to
Havana and remained a year, coming, in the fall of 1862,
to Hamilton, where he soon afterwards established the
National Zntutig. A man of nervous temperament and
quick perceptions, with varied experience and an education
that gave him perfect command of three languages, Mr.
Delacomt was not long in making his paper a power in the
community. Being also a good public speaker, he came
frequently before the people in the political campaigns, and
soon had acquired an acquaintance and an influence second
to no country editor in the State. 1 1 is paper reaching a
large class of native Germans in Butler county and the val-
ley of the Miami who cannot read English, has the advan-
tage of appealing to them in their native tongue, and as the
organ of the Democratic party, has an influence -that is very
pronounced. Mr. Delacourt has been a member of the

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5 10

School Board for l ho oily of Hamilton, for nearly ten con-
secutive years, and lias been instrumental in elevating the
tone of llie public iuslrucllon and ingrafting some of the
most useful features of the German system. These reforms
may not make their proper impression at once, Inil they
cannot fail of securing an ultimate recognition and the
gratitude of an intelligent public. In 1S52 Mr. Delacourt
was married to Emily lleimpz, then of Charleston, South
Carolina, but a native of Zweibrucken, Bavaria, in which
State her brother, Philip lleimpz, a criminal lawyer of
great renown, was a member of the Landtag. Mr. Dela-
court has had five children, only three of whom survive,
two sons and a daughter.

f KEY, HON. JOHN WATERMAN, Lawyer and

Jurist, was born, January 3d, 1827, at Woodsfield,
Monroe county, Ohio, and is a son of Cornelius
^Cj Obey, for a long time representative from that
fNe) county in the General Assembly of the State; and
his grandfather, Hon. Leven Obey, was one of
the Associate Judges of the same county for many years.
He was educated at the Monroe Academy, and also received
private instruction. Having selected the law for his future
calling, after a due course of reading, he was admitted to
the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio, at Cambridge, on
22d October, 1S49, and at once entered upon the practice
of his profession. He was appointed Probate Judge of
Monroe county in October, 1853, and was elected to the
same office in October, 1854. Two years thereafter he was
elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and having
held that position for the term of five years, was re-elected
in October, 1861. I11 March, 1865, lie removed to Cincin-

nati, where he now resides. He assisted in the preparation
of Gholson and Okey’s Digest of Reports, published in
1867, and in Obey and Miller’s Municipal Law, issued in
1869. He was appointed, March 27th, 1875, in connection
w ith Hon. M. A. Dougherty and Judge Day, Commissioner
to revise and codify the general laws of the Slate, on which
work they are at present engaged (December, 1875). His
political creed is that taught by the Democratic party, lie
was married, March, 1S49, to Miss Bloor, of Belmont
county, Ohio.

(3

II

YONCi, JOHN M., Inventor and Manufacturer, was
born in Prussia, October 14th, 1824. 1 1 is parents

were William and Mary (Morham) Long, and
his father was by occupation a miller. They
came to America when their son was ten years
oi l, and settled in Cincinnati, where he received
a limited education in the public schools, and at the age of
sixteen was apprenticed to the trade of machinist. While
learning his trade young Long look occasion to improve his

<v

JaO

education by attending the evening schools and by private
study. He followed his trade in the capacity of journey-
man till the age of twenly-lour, when he was induced to
venture into mercantile pursuits. The enterprise proved
delusive, and alter two ye. os he resumed his trade, and for
a year or two did journeywork in Cincinnati. In 185511c
came to Hamilton as Superintendent of the shops of Owens,
Lane & Dyer, but in the following year resigned the posi-
tion, intending to return to Cincinnati. He was, however,
prevailed upon to stay in Hamilton and go into partnership
with Messrs. Block A Allstattcr, in the manufacture of
iron and agricultural implements. Without any other capi-
tal than the munificent endowment of their skill, the adven-
turous trio formed a partnership under the style of Long,
Black A Allsta'lter, and embarked in the manufacture of
agricultural implements. Early in the history of their
enterprise, Mr. Long made valuable improvements on the
mower and reaper, which was one of the principal articles
of their manufacture, and the value of these inventions by
Mr. Long, as well as nearly two dozen subsequent ones on
different implements, was secured by patents. Among the
more important inventions of Mr. Long are the sulky rake,
the self-rake, the improvements on the mower and reaper, a
punching machine, and an elastic-stroke power hammer —
the last two, though not in the agricultural line, arc machines
used in their own works, and are of great importance. In
the course of a business life like that of Mr. Long, filled
with projects and crowded by competition, there has been
little time and less desire to indulge the airy ambition for a
public career. His thoughts and inclinations have, fortu-
nately for the community, taken a different direction, and
the city reaps a substantial benefit from the great manufac-
turing enterprise which he ha? been instrumental in found-
ing. He has, however, served in the City Council several
terms, and organized and has taken a leading part in bring-
ing the steam lire department of the town to its present ex-
cellent condition. In building associations lie has taken an
unusual interest, regarding them as a great boon to the
mechanic who desires to secure a home of his own. He is
President of not less than three of these societies, and their
influence has been marked in the exceptionally favorable
condition of rents in Hamilton. Mr. Long was married,
July 2d, 1848, to Mary Milher, of Cincinnati, and with her
he has had eleven children, ten of whom survive.

I

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afforded
until he

ESBITT, BENONI, Lawyer, was born, October
18th, 1812, in Washington county, Maryland, of
American parentage. While yet an infant, his
parents removed to Ohio in 1814, and settled in
Greene county, where they engaged in farming.
Ilis education was such as the common school
and after leaving school he engaged in farming
was twenty-two years of age, when he became

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5“

occupied in mercantile pursuits for some seven years.
Having determined to adopt the profession of the law, he
entered the office of lodge K. F. Howard, under whose
supervision he went through the usual course of study, and
was admitted to the liar in 1845. He now ranks as second
or third oldest of the active practitioners of the Xenia bar.
On being ad. lotted to practise he immediately located in
Xenia, where he has ever since resided. 1 1 is practice is a
large and lucrative one, and his standing as a professional
man is among the first in southern Ohio. In 1859 and
i860 he was a member of the Hoard for equalizing the val-
uation of landed property for the State. In 1864 he en-
tered the army, and was appointed l’rovost Marshal for the
Seventh District of Ohio, and served until 1S66. On his
return home he resumed the practice of the law, in which
he continues. He was married, January, 1839,10 Rachel
Crosby, of Xenia, Ohio.

'qYj'tr L\\ liFRRY, J. S., M. I)., I.L. D., Geologist, was
born in Windsor, Connecticut, and comes of old
hoi I Puritan stock, his family having resided at Wind-
fejT sur since 1635, when the town was founded by a
colony from Dorchester, Massachusetts, and had
during the two centuries of residence there fur-
nished several representatives to the local and State govern-
ments, and to the defence of the settlement, colony, Slate,
and Union. In 1S24 his father, Henry Newberry, removed
with his family from Connecticut to northern Ohio, where
he had large landed estates, inherited from lion. Roger
Newberry, a member of the Connecticut Land Company,
and settled in Summit county, where he founded the town
of Cuyahoga Falls, and died in 1854. Dr. Newberry was
quite young when he was brought into Ohio, and conse-
quently received his education entirely in that State. He
graduated at Western Reserve College, in Hudson, in 1846,
and choosing medicine as a profession, graduated from the
Cleveland Medical College in 1848. The next two years
were spent in scientific studies at home and in Furope.
At the close of 1850 he returned from travel, and the next
spring began the practice of medicine in Cleveland, where
he continued with success until 1855; but was much dis-
satisfied, as he had no time to pursue his scientific studies.
In May he accepted an appointment from the War Depart-
ment as Acting Assistant Surgeon and Geologist to the
United States Exploring Expedition, under command of
Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, whose olvect was the exam-
ination of the country between Sail Francisco and the
Columbia river. The results of this trip are published in
the sixth volume of “ Pacific Railroad Reports.” I)r. New-
berry’s own report on the “Geology, Ilotany, and Zoology
of North California and Oregon,” was published in a separ-
ate quarto volume of three hundred pages, with forty-eight
plates. In 1S57-58 he accompanied Lieutenant J. C. Ives,

in the exploration and navigation of the Colorado river ; the
object being to open a navigable route of communication
with the United States troops in Utah. An iron steamer,
built in sections, was taken from Philadelphia to the head
of the Gulf of California, and there pul together and
launched. In this steamer they navigated the river 500
miles above its mouth, when they were stopped at the lower
end of the Great Canon, an immense chasm through which
the river pursues its way for hundreds of miles between
nearly vertical banks ranging from 3000 to 6000 feet in
height. One year was spent in exploring the country bor-
dering 011 the Colorado; the information obtained regarding
it being entirely new and of absorbing interest. Dr. New-
berry’s report occupies about one-half of the entire space,
and was declared by the commanding officer, in his intro-
ductory report, to contain “ the most interesting material
gathered by the expedition.” In 1859 he was assigned to
another exploring expedition, and took command of a patty
ordered to report to Captain J. N. Macomb, Topographical
Engineer United States army, to explore the San Juan and
upper Colorado rivers. The work of this expedition took
him over a large part of southern Colorado, Utah, northern
Arizona, and New Mexico, which were found to be rich in
natural beauties and mineral wealth. This expedition
found the point of junction of the Grand and Green rivers,
the parent streams of the Colorado, and explored the valley
of the San Juan, the Colorado’s largest tributary, which is
as large as the Connecticut, and once (lowed by the popu-
lous towns of a semi-civilized people, the ruins of whose
homes now border the banks for hundreds of miles. Be-
fore this most interesting report was published the war of
the rebellion broke out, and the manuscript still remains in
the War Department. In September, 1861, he accepted
the position of Secretary of the Western Department of the
Sanitary Commission, and continued to have the manage-
ment of it until its work was closed and the soldiers had
returned to their homes. His head-quarters were first in
Cleveland, and then in Louisville, Kentucky. At one
time there were more than 5000 societies tributary to it in
the loyal States of the Northwest ; and hospital stores to the
value of more than $ 5,000,000 were distributed by it in the
valley of the Mississippi, and over 850,000 names were on
the records of its “ Hospital Directory,” at Louisville, and
1,000,000 soldiers, for whom no adequate provision was
made, were fed and sheltered in its homes. The Sanitary
Commission at the West was an elaborate and extensive
organization for the perfect connection and mutual assist-
ance of benevolent patriotism at home and fighting patriot-
ism in the field. The great success to which it attained
was largely due to Dr. Newberry’s talent as an organizer
and his executive ability. In 1S66 he assumed the duties
of Professor of Geology in the School of Mines of Colum-
bia College, New' York city, a position tendered to him
before the Sanitary Commission had closed its work. In
1S69 he accepted an invitation of the Slate of Ohio to take

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5'2

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

charge, as Stale- Geologist, of the (jeologieal Survey of the
State, which had been determined upon. This work con-
tinued five years, and was completed in 1S75. 1 lie several

volumes, with the maps, render this one of the most valu-
able of any work of its kind extant. I > r. Newberry is
enrolled among the members of most of the learned socie-
ties of this country and many in Europe. lie was one of
the original corporators of the National Academy of Science,
and President of the New York Lyceum of Natural History.

OODP.R1DGE, TIMOTHY, M. D., Physician,
was born, February 19th, 1810, at Youngstown,
Ohio. He is a great-grandson of President Jon-
athan Edwards. His grandfather, Joseph Wood-
bridge, and also his father, were natives of Stock-
bridge, Massachusetts, where they were educated
and resided many years. They removed to Ohio in 1808.
Dr. Woodbridge received his primary education in the pub-
lic schools of Youngstown, and subsequently attended the
academy at Burton, Ohio. He afterwards commenced the
study of medicine at Youngstown, which he completed at
the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating
from that institution in the spring of 1835. He has been
engaged in the practice of his profession ever since, with
the exception of two years passed in Brazil with Governor
Tod, w ho was Minister Resident in that empire from 1847
to 1S51. During the late civil war he served in the army
as Post Surgeon at the depot for prisoners of war, at John-
son’s Island, Lake Erie, lie has also been a member of
the Town Council, and filled the office of Justice of the
Peace for a number of years. He was married, in 1844, to
Isabella McCurdy.

LEAN, JOHN, I I .. D., Lawyer, Statesman, and
lurist, was born, March I till, 1785, in Morris
county, New Jersey. When he was four years
old his father removed to the West. He re-
mained one year at Morgantown, Virginia, and
thence proceeded to that part of the State since-
known as Kentucky, where he sojourned about seven years.
In 1797 he removed to the then Northwest Territory — now
Ohio — and settled on a farm. John was sent to school
when quite young, and made unusual proficiency for one
whose general opportunities were so limited. lie labored
on the (arm until he was sixteen years old, and then placed
himself successively under the instruction of Rev. Matthew
G. Wallace and Mr. Stubbs, by whose assistance he made-
great progress in the study of the languages. During this
period his expenses, both for board and tuition, were de-
frayed by himself, as his father’s means were very limited,

and he generously refused any assistance Irom him. When
he was eighteen years of age, young McLean went to write-
in the clerk’s office of Hamilton county. This employment,
while it would enable him to support himself, would also
initiate him into the practical part of the law, the profession
he had chosen for his future career. The arrangement was
that he should write in the office for three years, but reserv-
ing a portion of each day for study ; the latter to be under
the direction of that eminent counsellor-at law, Arthur St.
Clair, son of the illustrious general of the same name.
During his continuance in the office he was indefatigable in
the prosecution of his double duties, lie also became a
member of a debating society — the first ever formed in
Cincinnati — in which he took an active part, lie was ad-
mitted to the practice of the law in the autumn of 1807, and
settled at Lebanon, Warren county. He immediately
attracted notice, and soon rose into a lucrative practice at
the bar. In October, 1812, he was elected to Congress in
the district in which he resided, by a very large majority
over both his competitors. From his first entrance into
public life he was identified with the then Democratic
party. He was an ardent supporter of the war and of the
administration of President Madison ; but his votes were not
given in favor of every measure because it was proposed by
his party, but solely in reference to principle; anti the idea
of supporting a dominant party, merely because it was
dominant, did not influence his judgment, or withdraw him
from the high path of duly which he had marked out for
himself. He often voted against his political friends; and
so highly were both his integrity and judgment estimated,
that no one of the Democratic party separated himself from
him on that account, nor did this independent course in the
smallest degree diminish the Veiglit which he had acquired
among his own constituents. The first session which he
attended was the extra session after the declaration of war,
when the tax bills were passed to sustain the war. The
law which was passed to indemnify individuals for property
lost in the public service was originated by him, and very
! naturally contributed to add to the reputation with which
he had set out in public life. At the ensuing session he
introduced a resolution instructing the proper committee to
inquire into the expediency of granting pensions to the
widows of the officers anil soldiers who had fallen in the
military service, which was afterwards sanctioned by law.
! At this session he also delivered a very able and effective
, speech in defence of the administration in the prosecution
of the war. 1 his was published in the leading journals of
that day, and gave an earnest of the future eminence which
he was destined to attain. He was a member of the Com-
mittees of Foreign Relations, and on the Public Lands. In
the fall of 1815 he was re-elected to Congress with the same
unanimity as before. During the same year he was solicited
to become a candidate for the Senate, but declined, as the
House seemed at that time to present the widest arena for
the display of talents anil for the acquisition of public fame.

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"M'S 1

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA.

5*J

] ] c Was elected in l Si 6, unanimously, Judge of the Supreme
Court of the Stale, and discharged the duties of that station
with fidelity. Ills mind seemed to combine all the leading
qualities which are requisite in a Judge, and lus advance-
ment to the office was fell to be a public advantage to the
whole State. In the summer of 1S22 he was appointed, by
president Monroe, Commissioner ol 1 1 1 e Cieneial Lund
Office, and he removed to Washington. J le filled that
station for only about one year, when lie was named 1 ost-
maslcr-Gcner.d, July 1st, 1823. Many ol his 1 1 iends uiged
him not to accept this post, as former incumbents had found
its duties exceedingly arduous, while at the same time they
were not exempt from a large share of that abuse and cal-
umny so often wantonly and indiscriminately heaped upon
public servants. It was said none could acquire reputation
in that office; but he went into the office with the deter-
mination of devoting his whole time, day and night, to the
discharge of his duties, lie found the finances of the de-
partment in a low condition, and it did not possess the pub-
lic confidence ; but order was restored at once and public
confidence revived. In a short time the finances of the
department were in a most flourishing condition ; despatch
and regularity were given to the mails, and the commercial
intercourse of the whole country was prosecuted with the
utmost celerity and ease. Inefficient contractors were dis-
missed, and the same course was adopted with regard to
the postmasters and other agents of the department. He
controlled its entire action. The whole correspondence
was superintended and directed by him, and he gave his
undivided and personal attention to every contract which
was made or altered. All appointments, all charges
against postmasters, were acted on by him. In fact, there
was nought done, involving the efficiency or character of
the department, which was not done under his immediate
sanction. During the whole period that he presided over
the affairs of this department, which embraced nearly two
years of President Monroe’s administration, and the four
years’ term of President John (Juincy Adams, the country
was divided into two great parlies, animated by the most
deter mined spirit of livalry, and each bent upon advancing
itself to the lead of public allairs. A question of great im-
port was then started, whether it was proper to make
political opinions the test of qualification for office. It had
never become the settled and systematic course of conduct
of any public officer. That which Judge McLean pursued
was marked by the greatest wisdom and moderation. Be-
lieving that every public officer held his office in trust for
the people, he determined to be influenced by no other
principles in the discharge of his public duties than a
faithful performance of the trust committed to him. No
person was removed from office on account of his political
opinions. In making appointments, where the claims and
qualifications of individuals were equal, and at the same
time one was known to be friendly to the administration,
he fell himself bound to appoint the one who was friendly;
(,5

but when persons were recommended to office, it was not
the practice to name as a recommendation that they were
friendly to the administration. In all such cases the man
who was believed to be the best qualified was selected by
the department. In 1S29 General Jackson, at the com-
mencement of his first term, recognizing the superior ad-
ministrative ability of the Postmaster-General, tendered him
first the War and then the Navy Department, but he
declined them both, lie was determined to leave Wash-
ington, as the spilit of party had become unusually bitter
and acrimonious, and threatened to overleap all the fences
with which it had been hitherto confined, lie believed
that it would be difficult, if not impossible, for him to
pursue the even and measured course which he had hith-
erto followed with so much credit to himself and advantage
to the nation. Retirement from political life seemed, under
such circumstances, most desirable. T he President, how-
ever, wishing to avail himself of abilities which had been
exerted so long in behalf of the public welfare, tendered
him the position of Judge of the Supreme Court, the highest
judicial station in the country; and on his signifying that
he would accept, he was immediately nominated, and the
nomination ratified by the Senate. This position he held
until his death. 1 1 is name was brought forward several
times as a candidate for the Presidency, first in 1S32 and
again in 1836; and even as late as 1S56 and in i860, there
were those w ho believed that his conservative views would
tend to harmonize the conflicting interests and the antagon-
ism which existed between the North and the South, which
culminated at last in the civil war of 1S61-65. During his
occupancy of the bench he was industriously and labor-
iously engaged in the manifol^ duties of his high position.
Rarely absent from the sessions of the court — less so, in-
deed, than any of his associates during the first quarter
century of his high office — he took a prominent part in all
the leading questions, constitutional or otherwise, which
were decided between iSjo and 1S53. In some of them
he delivered the opinion of the court, in others he gave his
indiv idual opinion, w Idle in others again he dissented and
assigned his reasons for doing so. As an evidence of the
high esteem in which he was held by those most competent
to judge ol his intellectual and moral excellencies, it may
be stated that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by Harvard University, the Wesleyan
University, and by two other colleges in the United States.
He was for many years a communicant member of the
Methodist Church, and his public and private life was in
perfect harmony with his profession. He was also for sev-
eral years the President of the American Sunday-School
Union. He was married, 1S07, to Rebecca, daughter of
Dr. F.dwards, formerly of South Carolina. She died in
December, 1840. After a widowerhood of three years he
was united in marriage to Sarah Bella Garrard, a daughter
of Israel Ludlow, one of the founders of Cincinnati. He
died in the l itter city, April .pli, 1.861.

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5'4

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

®^Mrni,CIIAUI.ES J. W., Real Estate Operator,
was born, September lyth, 1813, at Bedford,
Pennsylvania. Ills elementary edueation was
{cy obtained at Boone’s Academy, whence be passed
d) a more advanced grade of schools, anil attained
^ a proiiciency in the classics and higher branches
of English with Alexander Kimmiek, of Bedford, and later
of the Cincinnati College, i 1 is tastes inclined him to a
military life, and he urged his guardian', l he late Judge
Todd — then one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania — to secure for him an appointment at the
United Slates Military Academy at West Point. Death
called away his protector without the accomplishment of
this desire, and he was left at sixteen years of age to make
his own way through life. II is adventurous disposition led
him to seek a home in the undeveloped Western country,
and he landed at Cincinnati, May 1st, 1830. Being offered
a position in the dry-goods anil grocery store uf A. C.
Brown, he accepted the same, and was for three years a
clerk in that establishment. 1 1 is employer having suc-
cumbed to financial pressure, he remained with M. P.
Cassidy, the assignee, and closed up the business in a
manner acceptable and praiseworthy, lie next engaged
with R. & J. Atkinson, of Louisville, Kentucky, in the
capacity of bookkeeper, with whom he remained until
1S34, when lie returned to Cincinnati and engaged in the
grocery business on his own account, on Fifth street be-
tween Walnut and Vine streets, being the first occupant of
the block of buildings erected by Elmore Williams. Here
he struggled manfully and energetically; but finally, in
1839, \i as overcome by adverse circumstances, although, in
yielding, he sacrificed no particle of the confidence and
esteem of the business community. From early manhood
he had been an advocate of the principles of the Democratic
party, but never engaged in active political life until 1841,
when lie was nominated for Constable in the Second Ward,
and though the district was largely Whig, he was elected.
In 1842 he was re-elected in conjunction with James L.
Ruffm, the Whig candidate ; but during the following year
the number being reduced to one, and the struggle having
become a party contest, and as many influential Whigs were
impressed into the electioneering service to secure Smith’s
defeat, he then accepted an appointment as Deputy from
Sheriff John II. Gerard, and so continued until 1846, when
he was brought before the Democratic Convention with
Joseph Cooper, Thomas Weaver, and others. After leading
all others in five consecutive ballots, he withdrew in favor
of Weaver, who u'as nominated and subsequently elected,
and by whom Smith was retained as his Chief Deputy. In
1848, by a fusion of parties against Weaver, Cooper was
elected, when Smith then left the office and formed a co-
partnership with William Winters, and embarked in real
estate operations, which association continues until the
present time. In 1850 lie was the nominee of the Demo-
cratic party for the Sheriffalty, and despite the desperate

efforts of Joseph Cooper, the fusion candidate, was elected
by nearly 5000 majority. About this period occurred one
of the most characteristic incidents of his career; for al-
though not legally responsible to the creditors with whom
he had settled by passing through bankruptcy, in 1842, he,
with that delicate sense of honor so rarely found, took upon
himself the payment, dollar for dollar, of all deficiencies,
and this from the earnings of years of frugality and unre-
mitting labor. In 1854 he was defeated for Mayor by N.
W. Thomas, the fusion candidate. From that time he
eschewed public office until appointed by Mayor Johnston
Fire Commissioner, in 1874. lie has been a prominent
member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since
1835, being Grand Secretary in 1838, and made out the
seventh charier of the Grand Lodge, lie has ever taken
an active interest in the furtherance of all the benevolent
work of the order, lie was one of the prime movers and
most energetic workers in the obtaining of the charitable
fund for the widows and orphans of deceased members.
To him, also, the city probably owes a greater debt than to
any other man in the matter of street railways, which he
advocated with his accustomed ability and vigor, lie was
President of the Farmers’ and Mechanics' Insurance Com-
pany, which he managed successfully and efficiently; but
became convinced that it would prove more advantageous
to all parties to transfer all policies to an older company :
its aflaiis were settled in a highly satisfactory manner. He
is still in active business, and lacking nothing of the energy
of former years, although time has left his seal upon him.
lie presents to-day a fair specimen of a man who has
carved his own destiny, and who, from obscure youth, has
triumphed over adversity, emerging from the dark shadows
of financial distress, and stands forth to challenge the ad-
miration of every appreciatin' of integrity, geniality, and
true benevolence. He is emphatically a Hue representative
of the self-made men of the day.

p

OjVto

AMBERS, 1ION. ROBERT E., Lawyer and
Jurist, was born, June 241I1, 1827, in Richland
township, Belmont county, Ohio, of Irish parent-
age, his father having arrived in America in
1798, and his mother two years later. His
father followed agricultural pursuits through life.
Robert attended the district school during the winter
months, laboring on the farm the balance of the year, and
Until he attained his majority. He then worked at the car-
penter trade for about a year, after which he taught school,
and at the same time was a pupil in an academy which pre-
pared him for college. He graduated from Franklin
College, Harrison county, Ohio, in 1853, and subsequently
resumed his avocation as a teacher, being employed as such
in the district schools for three years, and taught the high
schools of St. Clairsvilic, Ohio, for two years; likewise

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5*5

lining supervision of the public schools of tleil place. lie
eonnneneeil the slmly of law in 1858, with Judge William
Kenuon, ol St. ( laiisville, ami was admitted to the bar in
1 •><><), ami .it oner cnicicd upon the praeliee ol his profession.
In lS(>2 he was elei led a member ol the iowei I louse in
the General Assembly, ami served for one year. Oil his
return home he resumed his legal duties, and so continued
until 1871, w hen he was elected Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas for the term of live years.- lie was a candi-
date for Congress in 1870, in opposition to Hon. John A.
llingham, but failed of an election. 1 1 is present position as
Judge i^ due to his acquirements, and these were only ob-
tained through his indomitable energy, perseverance and
industry.

/

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A

Barker, benajaii, was

-v Rhode Island, July 10th, tS

I

born in Portsmouth,
805. 1 1 is father, Cap-

tain Peter Barker, did good service in the revolu-
tionary army, and in 181 1 emigrated from Ports-
mouth to settle in New York Stale, where he died
in 1S50 at the advanced age of eighty-eight years.
B.najah is descended from one of three brothers who came
to this country with the Pilgrim Fathers, one settling in
Vermont, one in Connecticut, and the other in Rhode Island,
the latter being his ancestor. 1 1 is mother was Ruth Cook,
daughter of Captain Matthew Cook. When but twenty
years of age young Barker secured a large contract on the
Delaware canal, running from Easton, Pennsylvania, to
Bristol, Pennsylvania. Although he had but 8500 capital,
saved from his daily earnings, by shrewd financiering he
fulfilled his contract and cleared $yooo. On his return
home his phenomenal success was the subject of general
discussion, and he became a hero among the lads of his
neighborhood. Again in 1S57 he was awarded another
large contract, this time on the Wabash canal. In 1S48 he
emigrated to Cleveland, where he built the present gas
works, of which he held the greater part of the slock for
some time, lie subsequently organized a gas company, of
which he was President for live years. In 1852-53 he was
engaged in building the gas works at l'oit Wayne. In
1854-55 lie constructed the gas works at Adrian, Michigan.
In 1S3S Mr. Barker accompanied a colony from Boston to
Iowa, where he purchased twelve thousand acres of land at
one dollar per acre, sel.ing his land in les-, than a month
for two dollars and a h ilf the acre. On part of this ground
Thornsi ille is now located. Mr. Barker was for many
years a Director of the Forest City Bank. He has never
been a politician in the general acceptation of the term, blit
he has always faithfully discharged his duties as a citizen of
a republic. He took a decided stand against slavery. Many
a poor slave owed bis freedom to Mr. linker, whose kind
heart and open purse were never appealed to in vain. He
has sent many fugitives on their way rejoicing to Canada or
other sale asylum where freedom awaited them. Part i f

his general crusade against slavery was the building of a
church edifice where Plymouth Congregational Church now
stands, lie purchased the lot, giving his check for four
thousand dollars, contributed to the building imid, and per-
sonally supei intended the erection of the building. When
the congregation was organized it took a hold, positive stand
against slavery, and bore a noble part in moulding public
opinion in favor of emancipation. Mr. Barker was also one
of the founders of an anti-slavery newspaper then known as
the Demon now the Cleveland Daily Leader. Mr.
Barker has always enjoyed the respect and confidence of his
friends and the public. He lias been active in benevolent
works. Churches and charities have found him willing and
anxious to contribute bis time and money in their aid. lie
has retired from business, and now in the autumn of bis
years enjoys the fruits of a well-spent life. In 1853 he
married Elizabeth, daughter of James Vanderwerker, of
Saratoga county, New York, who has borne him three chil-
dren now living — one son, much esteemed in the community,
and two daughters.

J^^ILLMORE, GENERAL QUINCY ADAMS, was
born at Black River, Lorain county, Ohio, Feb-
ruary 281I1, 1825. His parents were of mingled
Scotch - Irish and German extraction. Ilis father,
Qnnrlus Gillmore, was a native of Massachusetts,
and the son of a farmer there. This farm was
exchanged for a tract of one thousand acres on the Western
Reserve, and at the age of twenty-one Quarles went thither.
In 1824 he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, maiden
name Reid. Both have lived to enjoy the fame of their
distinguished son. Quartus Gillmore was a strong Whig,
and his son was born on the day the news of John Quincy
Adams’ election to the Presidency was' received. These
two happy events coining together, it was thus that he came
to lie a namesake of the illustrious statesman. The hoy
grew up amid pioneer surroundings, working on the farm
in the summer, ami receiving the customary schooling in the
winter. lie was a very apt scholar, and made rapid
progress. After entering his teens he was sent for a winter
to Norwalk Academy, twenty-five miles from his home.
At the age of seventeen he Became a school-teacher, and for
three years he followed this occupation, spending two vaca-
tions r.i a la 2 li school in Elyria. But he never l.ktd chool-

leaching, and longed to change it for some other occupation.
In the spring of 1S45 the pupils of the Elyria High School
gave an “exhibition,” at which the young pedagogue read
an original poem entitled “ Erie,” which was afterwards
published in the county newspaper, and which possessed
such merit as to be copied into many other journals. About
ibis time he commenced the study of medicine in the office
of Dr. Samuel Strong, at Elyria. Meanwhile the represent-
ative in (.’ongress from the district, lion. E. S. Dunlin,
was casting about for a suitable youth to fill an appointment

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EIOGRAEIIICAL ENCYCEOIVEDIA.

516

to West Point. Of Uvo selected, one had failed, and the
other proved too old. The advice of the editor of the
Elyria. Democrat being asked, he at once pointed to the
author of •' Erie,” and urged that the author ol such verse
had something in him above the average. The appointment
was given him, and he set out for home to acquaint his
parents with the change in Ins prospects. They were not
at all pleased, but eventually his father consented to furnish
him with money for an outfit, saying, “ I will give it to you
if yuu will promise to come out at the head of your class.”
II e made and kept this promise. In the year of Ins gradua-
tion he married Mary O’Magher, oidy daughter of the
Academy Treasurer of Cadets. His high rank in gradua-
tion made him a member of the Corps of Engineers. As a
Rrevet Second l ieutenant he was ordered to duty on the
fortifications at Hampton Roads. Serving here three years
he returned to the Academy as an instructor, and remained
there four years, the last year as Treasurer and Quarter-
master at the Academy. While hare he devoted much time
to the study of the theory and science of cannon projectiles,
and their effect upon earthworks and masonry. In 1S56 he
was promoted to a f irst l ieutenancy of Engineers, and or-
dered to New York city to take charge of the Engineer
Agency there established. The outbreak of the war found
him here, and it was while occupying this post that he pub-
lished a work which has since become a standard authority
among engineers, on “ Times, Hydraulic Cements, and
Mortars,” A paper on mathematics, which he published
during the same time, caused the faculty of Oberlin College
to confer upon him the degree of Master of Arts. 1 1 is pub-
lished suggestions as to the defence of the Take coast
attracted the attention of scientific men and the War De-
partment. When the war broke out he was in his thirty-
sixth year and a widower, having lost his estimable wife in
iS6d, and being left to the care of four sons. In August,
1S61, he asked to be placed in active field duly, and Gover-
nor Dennison offered him the command of a regiment.
This he declined, and proposed to organize a brigade of
sappers, miners, and pontoniers for service in the West.
The Governor favored this, but the War Department did
not. '1 lie Governor urged his appointment as a Brigadier
General of Volunteers, but this also fell through. An expe-
dition destined for the coast of South Carolina was being
organized, and his experience as agent at New York pecu-
liarly qualified him for fitting out this expedition. He was
promoted to a Captaincy in his corps, and made Chief En-
gineer to General W. T. Sherman, then about to set out for
l’ort Royal. This was on the jd of October, iSfil. A
month later he was present with the staff, and after the
bombardment by Dupont and the descent upon Hilton
Head Island by the troops, lie was engaged for the next
two months in fortifying the positions secured. f inally
attention was directed to fort l’ulaski, and the possibility
of its reduction. The chief of engineers said it could he
accomplished, but he could point to no authorities but his

own theories to sustain him. II is views were a matter of
astonishment to the older engineers, as breaching a wall at
five or six hundred yards was considered the limit by the
wisest military men. His scheme was not favored by lead-
ing engineers, and was looked upon as wild and impracti-
cable. The spot where he proposed to place his batteries
was seventeen hundred yards distant from the fort, three
times the distance considered practicable. Rut his com-
mander indorsed his plan, and forwarded it to Washington
for approval. Through various causes of delay, and the
great difficulty 111 placing the batteries in position on the
marshy coast of Tybce Island, the spring was far advanced
before the bombardment commenced. In the meantime
General W. T. Sherman had been relieved, but not before
he had given his Chief of Engineers authority to act as
Brigadier-General pending his appointment. 1 1 is successor
diil not interfere with the plans. Eleven batteries were in
position at last, and on the loth of Ecbruary filing com-
menced. After two days’ firing a breach was made, and
the magazine of the fort was in danger. The garrison sur-
rendered at this crisis. The loss on the Union side was but
one man killed. The garrison lost probably twenty-five,
and the prisoners numbered three hundred and sixty. The
victor had demonstrated the enormous power of the new
heavy rifled artillery, for the mortars and columbiads proved
almost useless, lie was soon after made a Rrigadier-General
of Volunteers, hut the malaria of the marshes had brought
on a fever which incapacitated him for the next two months.
On his recovery he was sent to New Yoik to assist the Gov.
ernor to equip and forward troops being raised there.
When Kentucky was invaded by Rragg and Kirby Smith
he was ordered at once to Cincinnati, lie was assigned to
the advance against Kirlrj Smith, but he was not particu-
larly conspicuous in any operations in the West, lie fought
and won a battle at Somerset, and for this success was
brevelted a Colonel of Engineers, lie had just been re-
lieved in Kentucky when news came of Dupont’s failure to
reduce Eort Sumter. He employed his leisure in submit-
ting his views to the War Department, lie was summoned
to Washington for consultation, and his opinions were re-
ceived as final authority. The matter ended in his being
given command of this department, with Rear Admiral
Eoote in command of the naval operations. The history of
this campaign makes a large volume in itself, and only the
merest outline can be expected here. The undertaking was
a most hazardous one, and arrested the attention, not only
of the North, but of all military Europe, f orty-seven pieces
of artillery with all their adjuncts were planted on the ex
tremily of f olly Island, within speaking distance of the
enemy’s pickets, and without discovery or suspicion. On
the 10th of July, 1S63, these batteries belched forth upon
the enemy across the inlet. The astonished enemy retreated,
and a landing oil Morris Island was effected. Soon three-
fourths of the island was in possession of the storming parly,
and Eort Wagner was within musket range. Resting until

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

5*7

next day, an unsuccessful assault was made upon Wagner,
the slaughter to the Union troops Being great. Siege was
laid to it, and in a week another assault was made, But it
was handsomely repulsed again. This second failure de-
cided the commander to turn his attention to Sumter. His
defensive line was Between four and live thousand yards
from the fort, considerably over two miles. He at once
Began the construction of Breaching batteries consisting of
one, two, and three-hundred-pounder Parrott guns. Finally,
after overcoming great dilfieulties, the lire upon Sumter was
opened on the morning of August 17th. For a week the
lire was kept up, anil in a few days great gaps were made in
the wall. Wagner kept up a tierce fire, and came near dis-
mantling some ol the Breaching guns. But Sumter Began
to present the appearance of a shapeless ruin, and the work
of reduction was nearly accomplished. At this juncture the
great artillerist called upon Beauregard to surrender, adding
that if he did not comply within four hours, he would shell
Charleston. The Confederate treated the demand with
contempt. In the middle of the night a shell, from an un-
known quarter, Burst in the streets. Shell after shell fol-
lowed, shattering the costly residences of the aristocratic
quarter. Where they came from was a mystery. Beaure-
gard said it was barbarous, and a violation of the rules of
war. The shells came from an oozy marsh, where the
Union General had placed a gun with the greatest difficulty
and with the utmost secrecy. The placing of this gun in
this marsh was a remarkable exploit, from the great difficulty
in securing a foundation. The continuous firing upon
Sumter had made it almost untenable, and this and the
shelling of the town had struck terror to the very heart of
Charleston. But in the midst of it all came a lull. The
navy was accomplishing nothing, although Sumter was
silenced and the early capitulation of the city seemed a cer-
tainty. Failing to secure the co-operation of this arm of the
service, Gillmore again turned his attention to Wagner, as
yet defiant. Opening a lire upon it which lasted for two
days and nights, he prepared for another assault. But the
enemy quietly evacuated, and the fort was entered without
opposition. Great was the praise bestowed upon him in
this country and in Europe. An editorial in the Tribune
was concluded as follows:

Pulaski, Somerset, the landing at Morris Island, the de-
molition of Sumter — Wagner. “ The greatest is Behind I ”
Whatever may Be thought of the many deeds which may
illuminate the sad story of the Great Rebellion, the capture
of Wagner By General Gillmore will Be regarded as the
greatest triumph of engineering that history has yet recorded.

But after all these successes the fall of Charleston did not
take place until eighteen months afterward. General Gill-
more now organized a movement to invade Florida, and
despatched General Seymour there. The latter was met By
the rebels and disastrously defeated. Operations around
Charleston Being at a standstill, he asked to lie relieved
there and sent to another field, He was ordered to report,

with the Tenth Army Corps, to General Butler, at Fortress
Monroe. But he soon had a disagreement with Butler, and
this continuing, Grant removed him to another department.
I le was given a command to oppose Early, who was operat-
ing in Maryland. Three days .after assuming command, he
was severely injured By a fall from his horse, and was un-
able to report for duly until the latter part of August.
When he did so, he was appointed By Mr. Lincoln President
of a Board to test the Ames gun. After this service had
Been performed satisfactorily, he was appointed Acting
Inspector- General of Fortifications for the Military Division
of the West Mississippi, and he spent a couple of months in
an extended tour ol inspection. In the latter part of January,
1SO5, it was decided to again place him in command of the
Department of South Carolina, the field where he had
achieved his fame, lie assumed command on the 9th of
February, and a week or so later he was steaming into the
harbor ol Charleston. 1 1 is government of the department
was wise and judicious, But he longed for his old familiar
work in the Engineer Corps. Accordingly he was mustered
out of the volunteer service at his own request, at the time
holding the rank of Brevet Major-General in the United
States army. A distinguished writer has said of him :

.... In his proper province as engineer and artillerist,
he was as Bold as in the field he was cautious, lie ignored
the limitations of the Books. lie accepted theories that
revolutionized the science, and staked his professional
standing on great operations Based upon them, lie made
himself the great artillerist of the war. If not also the fore-
most engineer, he was second to none, ami in the Boldness
and originality of Bis operations against Wagner, he sur-
passed any similar achievements, not only in this. But in any
war; so that now .... when men speak of great living
engineers, they think as naturally of Gillmore in the new
world, as of TodleBen in the Sid.

In appearance General Gillmore is one of the handsomest
officers in the army. He is above the medium height and
compactly Built. In society he is found to Be refined and
accomplished. In common with most of the army officers,
he is a conservative in politics. Since the close of the war
he has Been constantly employed in the engineer service,
and his head-quarters at present are in New York, where
he has charge of a large amount of important work, includ-
ing the construction of forts and Batteries, and the testing of
metals submitted to a board of examiners of which he is a
member.

*

^'ALM, JEFFERSON, Lawyer, was born, Novem-

her 22(1, 1821, in Cumberland county, Pennsyl-
vania, and is a son of Adam and Nancy (Askew)
Palm. The founder of the family in America
was John Palm, who emigrated from Gcrthany in
1760, and settled in New Jersey. While Jefferson
was But an infant his father removed to Ohio in 1822, and
settled in Trumbull county, lie there attended the common

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5lS

school until he was nineteen years of age, when he com-
menced the study of law with William L. McKnight, of
Warren, and finished Ids readings with John M. Edwards.
He was elected Justice of the Peace for Warren in 1X51,
and held the office for nine successive years, terminating in
I S()0. In 18(13 he was again elected to that position lor a
term of three years. In 1862 he commenced the publica-
tion of the Warren Constitution , which he edited for live
years, and then disposed of it to Judge Birchard. He was
commissioned Postmaster of Warren by President Johnson,
and served in that position during his administration, lie
is now in the enjoyment of a good legal practice.

ECK, JOHN CRAFTON, M. D., Physician, was
born in Vienna, Scott county, Indiana, January
191I1, 1822. Ilts father, Samuel Beck, was. third
in descent from the emigrant, James Beck, first
surveyor of Prince George county, Maryland.
James Beck was cousin to John Beck, once gov-
ernor of Luxemburg. This family is traceable down to the
mailed horseman of the same name who joined the fortunes
of Creur-de-Lion in the Crusades. Dr. Beck began the
study of medicine at the- age of eighteen, having until this
time worked on the farm and in the carpenter’s trade.
He commenced practice before reaching his majority in
Azalia, Bartholomew county, Indiana; entered the Medi
cal College of Old >, at Cincinnati, in 1848, and graduated
in the spring of 1S49, his previous four years’ practice en-
abling him to dispense with one course of lectures. In 1847,
before entering the medical college, he was married to
Vashti Davis, daughter of Ransom Davis, of Newburn, In-
diana. After graduating, Dr. Beck located in Cadiz, Henry
county, of the same Stale, where he soon made a large and
profitable practice. In 1S5S he accepted the Professorship
of Medical Jurisprudence in the Cincinnati College of Med-
icine and Surgery, and was afterwards elected by the Board
of Trustees to fill the Chair of Anatomy and Physiology in
the same institution. This position he resigned about the
beginning of the rebellion to accept the appointment of
Surgeon in the army. In 1862 he had the pleasure, though
a noncombatant, of encountering and capturing, near Mur-
freesboro’, Tennessee, the rebel Captain Charles M. Beck-
with. He served in various regiments, as Surgeon in the
field, until the close of the war. After the war he opened
his office in Newport, Kentucky. At this time he served
two years as President of the Newport Board of Education.
During his residence in Newport, Dr. Beck made three
unsuccessful races, as the candidate of his party, for the
Legislature. In 1870 he again returned to Cincinnati,
where he has since devoted himself solely to his profession,
lie is in the prime of life and possessed of a vigorous o n-
stitulion, and, unlike too many in his noble profession, is a
close student, keeping fully up with the medical literature

of the day, to which lie is frequently a contributor. For
several yeats he edited, with recognized ability, the Cincin-
nati Million! anil Surgical Act os, ami lias just published his
“ Notes on the Early Settlement and History of Bartholo-
mew County, Indiana.” lie i-> a Royal Audi Mason; also
a member ol the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and
was originally a member of the Christian or Disciples’
Church, preaching as an evangelist in that church, until in
the early days of his settlement in Cincinnati, when he be-
came a convert to the Roman Catholic faith, and entered
that church.

ICKINSON, IION. EDWARD F„ Lawyer, son
of Hon. Rudolplnis Dickinson, was born at Fre-
mont, Ohio, January 21st, 1829, graduated at St.
Xavier College, Cincinnati, and read law with
Hon. L. IT Otis. He was admitted to the bar in
1S50. He was for two terms Prosecuting Attor-
ney for Sandusky county. He was a Delegate to the Na-
tional Democratic Convention, which met first at Charleston
anti then at Baltimore, in i860. He served for three years
as First Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster of the
8th Ohio Infantry in the late war. In 1866 he was elected
Judge of the Probate Court of Sandusky county. He was
elected to the Forty first Congress, in 1868, from the Ninth
Ohio district, composed of Erie, Huron, Ottawa, Sandusky,
Seneca, and Crawford counties. In 1S71 he was elected
Mayor of the city of Fremont, being re-elected in 1873 and
1875. On the 12th of September, 1852, Mr. Dickinson
married Henrietta R. Mitehencr, daughter of Rhyner
Mitchcner, late of Philadelphia.

r n

lltfl RIGHT’ THOMAS, M. D., was born in March,
V J I I 1797, in county Tyrone, province of Ulster, north
/III of Ireland. He was the youngest of seven chil-
j dren, named as follows : Jane, who died of

c dropsy; Robert, who was killed on the plains of

Albuora, in Spain; John, who died in Vermont;
Quintin, who died on the old homestead; George, who died
in Craflsbury, Vermont; Alexander, who died In Barton,
Vermont; Nancy, who died in Rochester, New York; and
Thomas, the only living representative of the family. Both
his parents were natives of Ireland. Ilis father, John
Wright, being of English, and his mother (maiden name,
Elizabeth Lee) of Scotch extraction. 1 1 is father followed
through life the occupation of a farmer and lived in com-
fortable circumstances, so that he was enabled to give his
son a very complete and liberal education. In the fall of
1S12 Thomas went to the Apothecary’s Hall, in Dublin,
and passed an examination in Greek and Latin previous to
his entering college. November, 1813,11c entered the cele-
brated University of Glasgow, Scotland, filling the following

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11IOGRAPI I ICAL ENCYCI.OP.EDIA.

5'9

classes: anatomy, under Dr. Jeffries; surgery, also obstetrics,
under Dr. Towels; chemistry, under Dr. Cleghorm ; also
the dissecting room. In April he returned home, and
through his lather’s i nil nt- nee, tin- l'larl ol < aledon had him
appointed assistant to Dr. John t'ro/ier, who was then phy-
sician to three dispensaries, one in the county of Tyrone, one
in county Armagh, and the third in the county of Monahan.
The counties cornered, and were three miles apart; each
was open two days in the week, and so the whole week
•was occupied, lie continued in this position until the fall
of 1817, when he returned to the University of Glasgow,
filling the following classes: theory and practice, under Dr.
Kruicr; chemistry, under Dr. Thompson; materia tnedica,
under Dr. Miller; anatomy, under Dr. Jelfries; surgery,
under Dr. |ohu Hants (brother of the famous Allen Hums,
who has written on obstetrics). This session he attended
the II ospital and 1 ying-in Infirmary, consequently he pos-
sessed all the tickets entitling him to a diploma of bachelor
of Surgery. Dr. Crozier was dismissed by favorites of the
managers, consequently Dr. Wright lost his place. In 1815
-16 the army was reduced, and the army surgeons sent home
on half pay; no young man could compete with them, lie
then resolved to visit America, and engaged with the ship
“ Prince,” of Waterloo, in the spring of 1S20, as Surgeon,
going out to Quebec from llelfast, with three hundred pas-
sengers (at that time no vessel with passengers could sail
for America without an approved surgeon). From Quebec
he proceeded up the St. Lawrence river to Montreal, and
from there to liurlington, Vermont, whence he went to the
town of Craftsbury, Orleans county, w here he had three
brothers living, lie resided in Vermont until, in conse-
quence of the severe winters, he resolved to remove West.
Accordingly, in 1823, lie moved to Ohio, settling in Read-
ing, Hamilton county, of that State. lie remained there
until he contracted an intermittent fever, caused by the ma-
laria arising from the creeks, and in order to regain his
health he resolved to visit his father-in-law’s place in Ver-
mont. He stayed in Vermont until his health was restored,
and then started for the West. During his journey he pur-
chased a place in the W estern Reserve, and stayed there
three years, in which time he established a large practice.
Hut receiving many written invitations to return to Cincin-
nati, he concluded to do so, and accordingly started for that
place in 1S32. During this last journey he lost all his
valuable papers and books, which he had brought with him
from Europe. Politically he is a staunch Jackson Demo-
crat, and entered the Legislature as such, but finding the
Democracy there, with the exception of about thirty, were
Calhoun men, and thinking that Abraham Lincoln and
Stonewall Jackson were both Democrats, he voted for Lin-
coln, and is now a staunch Union man. lie asserts that the
Democrats now are all Calhoun men, who believe that each
individual Slate has a right to secede, and he utterly abhors
such a theory. As to religion, he is a Protestant, and a
member of the Church of Disciples. He was married

during his residence in Craftsbury, Vermont, to Sophie
Huntington, daughter of Dr. Samuel Huntington, of
that place. She died in the year iSOq, leaving six chil-
dren. Of tin .e, Noah D. W light, the eldest, is an en-
gineer. Thomas, the second son, is now practising medi-
cine in Helicfontaine. Elizabeth, the third child, is married
to a citizen ol Chicago. Sophie Wright Williams (deceased)
was the fourth child. Samuel, the fifth child, is a lawyer in
Nevada. The sixth child is named Mary. John, the
seventh, is a banker in Cincinnati. Thomas Wright has a
degree from the Miami Medical College of Cincinnati, and
is a member of the Eighteenth Medical District, of Warren,
Trumbull county, Ohio.

LI.ISON, RICHARD, M. D., the first Physician
to practise in Cincinnati, was born near Goshen,
New Vork, in 1757. lie was not a graduate in
medicine, but was a Surgeon’s Male in the army
of the Revolution. He must have acquired con-
siderable knowledge of medicine, and especially
of surgery, however, for he was afterwards Surgeon-General
in the Indian campaigns of Harnver, St. Clair, and Wayne,
and in this important position acquitted himself with marked
acceptability. At St. Clair’s defeat he narrowly escaped
death. He eventually resigned, and commenced private
practice in Cincinnati, and, considering the comparatively
insignificant proportions and population of the city at that
period, secured a considerable practice, increasing it steadily
year by year. He lived in Cincinnati and vicinity more
than a quarter of a century, and died there, March 221I ,
1S16. There was nothing remarkable about him, except
that he was the first physician to practise in Cincinnati,
and the first to die within its limits. At death he be-
queathed no records to his brethren, but one of them, an
eminent writer, describes him as “ the father of the pro-
fession in Cincinnati.”

IIOMMEDIEU, STEPHEN S., late Editor, Pub-
lisher, ami Railroad President, was born, January
5th, 1806, at Sag Harbor, Long Island, New
Vork, and was a son of Captain Charles L’Hom-
medieu, formerly of that place. He was of
Huguenot descent, his ancestors having fled from
France after the siege of La Rochelle and settled in
America. When he was four years of age he acccompanied
his father, who removed to Cincinnati, at that time (1810)
but a small village of a few hundred inhabitants. His
father engaged in the mercantile business and also in manu-
facturing, which he carried on for three years, and died in
1813, leaving five children. Previous to his death he had
purchased the land now bounded by Central avenue, Mound,
George and Seventh streets, for pasturage and other purposes.
It was then somewhat remote from the village, but is now

5 20

i;i< )( ; K A I'l 1 l< A I. LNCYCI.OI'/LDIA.

the cen Ire of a great city. This properly was kepi intact,
and divided between the five children. In 1818 Stephen S.

I .' I lotumedieu, being now twelve years old, was placed in
a .lure with Ids uncle, )ohn < Avery, and llnee yeai allcr
he ehan;;ed in the I .iliei ly I lull, where the ( ini inna/i Ga -■ tie
was published. At that period the paper was a semi-weekly, !
and dependent upon the government patronage fur the post- I
office and other official advertising ; moreover, the paper was ^
“ Federal” in its political leanings. In the course of years
it so continued under the able management of Charles Ham-
mond, its editor, who had conducted the Gazette for some
years previous. In 1820 General Andrew Jackson was
elected by the popular vote President of ihe United Stales,
and the publishers of the paper having consulted with ihe
editor, it was determined to make the Gazette in every re-
spect an independent paper — not, however, what is now un-
derstood as neutral in politics — believing that that course
would bring a better reward than all the patronage the gov-
ernment had to bestow. The result showed the wisdom of
taking such an independent position. I11 1829 the firm of
L’Hommedicu, Morgan & hi. her issued the Gazette as a
daily paper, commencing with only one hundred and twenty-
five subscribers, but few of whom are now living. It was
the first daily paper published west of the Allegheny moun-
tains or the great valley of the Ohio and Mississippi — with
the exception of a small sheet that had been issued by S. S.
Brooks the year previous and had only survived but a few
weeks. The reputation of the Gazette from 1S27 to 1840,
under the principal editorial management of Charles Ham-
mond, is well known to the public. In 1848 Stephen S.
L’Hommediou closed his connection with the Gazette, after
having been in its service for twenty-seven years, and was
soon after elected President of the Cincinnati, Hamilton &
Dayton Railroad Company. This corporation had been
chartered in 1846, with a capital of only 8500,000. lie re-
mained as the executive head of this company for a period
of twenty-two years, when he resigned his position, July 4th,
1S71. A few days thereafter, accompanied by his wife, he
sailed for Fttrope, and made an extended tour through the
various countries, and also visited the Holy I .and. His
political faith was of the old-line Whig of the Henry Clay
school. After his retirement from the editorial manage
ment and the publication department of the Cincinnati
Gazette he held aloof from politics; in fact, he never sought
an office of any description. 1 1 is last appearance as an
actor in any political body was at the National Convention
of 1848, at Philadelphia, when General Zachary Taylor was
nominated for the Presidency, and his favorite — Henry Clay
— defeated. After the dissolution of that great party he
acted with the Republicans, and was ever zealous in main-
taining the honor and integrity of the Union. Ilis life was
one of usefulness and ceaseless activity. The period during
which he achieved his greatest success was marked with un-
paralleled progress. The changes that look place (luting
his recollection were wonderful to contemplate ; and he con

tribuled largely to the building up and the extension of
Cincinnati from the little village of a few hundred inhabi-
tants to the great lily of over three hundred thousand souls,
lie united 1pe.1l physical slienglh with mental activity,
laboring bullish iouxly in the enterprises of a useful and
honorable life, lie married in 1830 a daughter of Charles
Hammond, one of the earliest and most famous of Cincin-
nati journalists. With her he lived forty-five years, and
twelve children blessed this union. 11c died, May 25th,
1875, at West Point, New York, sincerely mourned by his
townsmen and numerous circle of friends and acquaintances.

NGAI.I.S, 1ION. MELVILLE EZRA, President
of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati <k Lafayette Rail-
road Company, was born in Harrison, Maine,
September 6th, 1842. Like the majority of the
boys of New England, and especially of Maine,
his education was commenced in the common
schools, which he attended during the long cold winters,
while in the summer time he learned to work on a farm.
This most excellent training for buys gave him in early life
a remarkably vigorous constitution both physically and men
tally. When a mere youth he presented himself to the
superintending School Committee of his town, and on an
examination received a certificate as teacher. He at once
assumed the arduous and important, though rarely appre-
ciated, duties of the schoolmaster, which he continued to
discharge faithfully each winter for about six years. In the
meantime he fitted for college by graduating from Bridgeton
Academy. He entered Bowdoin College, but, preferring
to commence his professional studies, did not remain to
graduate, but became a student in the Harvard Law School,
from which he graduated in 1863. Early in 1S64 he re-
turned to the State of Maine and opened his law office in
the town of Gray, having been admitted to practise at the
bar of Cumberland county. At a later period ol the same
year he removed to Boston, Massachusetts, and resumed
the practice of his profession in that city. In 1867 he was
elected a Senator of the Sixth Massachusetts Senatorial
District, and served one year, declining a re election which
was urged upon him. With his popularity in the Senate
his professional work increased so rapidly that he enjoyed
a very large and profitable business until 1871, when he
left the law and politics and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio,
to accept the receivership, and subsequent presidency, of
the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette Railroad. It was
an empty honor, however, as the company had failed and
was soon forced into bankruptcy. Mr. Ingalls obtained
money of the stockholders by voluntary subscriptions and
paid off the debts, and procured the release of the railroad
from litigation and the hands of the court in July, 1873, and
immediately upon the reorganization of the company was
elected President, which office he continues to hold to the

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521

entire satisfaction of 1 1 10 stockholders. lie 1ms devoted
liis undivided time to acquiring a thorough knowledge
of railroading in nil its details ; and die Indianapolis, Cin-
cinnati X 1 ufayelte Kailioad under his management lias
linen entirely reorganized and its works placed in first-class
condition. lie lias shown remarkable executive capacity
and foresight, lie is characterized by quick perception,
acute, penetrative and great intellectual powers. With a
sanguine and enthusiastic temperament and a -willingness to
take his full share of labor, he has infused his own spirit
into the entire working force ot the road until it has become
one of the best managed railroads in the West, lie is al-
ways accessible to the humblest employe of the road, and
promptly investigates every grievance presented to him.
Ills remarkable energy, power of organization and ceaseless
activity, have been of invaluable service to the Indianapolis,
Cincinnati A Lafayette Railroad, and have placed him in
the first rank of the leading railroad men of this country,
lie was married to Abbie M. Slimson, of Gray, Maine, on
January 19th, 1S67.

AX WELL, SIDNEY DENISE, Superintendent
of the Merchants’ Exchange, Cincinnati, was
born, December 23d, 1831, in Centrevillc, Mont-
gomery county, Ohio, and is the son of Nathaniel
Van and Eleanor (Denise) Maxwell, who were
born in the same county and State. Sidney first
attended the public schools of his native village, and sub-
sequently the select schools and academy, for which that
place was at one lime noted. 1 1 i -> father commenced mer-
cantile life in 1S42, and his soil’s educational course was
interspersed with a practical business training in his father’s
store, which doubtless did much to mould his future course
and prepare him for the wider field to which he was to be
subsequently called, l’rior to the war of the rebellion lie
determined to study law, and accordingly placed himself
under the instruction of lion. Lewis 1!. Gunckel and
Colonel Hiram Strong, of Dayton, Ohio, and spent a por-
tion of his time in their office to obtain a know ledge of the
practical duties ol the profession. Through a recom-
mendation of Mr. Gunckel, Colonel Maxwell was offered
by M. D. Potter, the proprietor of the Cincinnati Com-
mercial, the position of correspondent of that paper in
the Army of Central Virginia, then commanded by General
Eremdnt. In May, 1861, he joined the forces of Fremont,
lying at Franklin, Virginia, and followed the fortunes of
that army through its various vicissitudes. Early the fol-
lowing spring he was sent by the same paper to Kentucky,
and remained with the command of General S. P. Carter in
their advance upon Tennessee. Later in the summer he
attached himself to the Army of the Cumberland, returning
after the battle of Chickamauga. His return to Ohio at this
time led to his election, in January, 1864, to the Second
66

Assistant Clerkship of the Senate of Ohio. During his in-
tervals at home he used his personal influence largely in
Montgomery county for the organization of the National
Guards. The c all came in May, 1864, finding him a pri-
vate in the 1 2th Regiment, and subsequently, by consolida-
tion, in the 131st Regiment, under Colonel John G. Lowe,
lie was detailed as Sergeant-Major at Federal Hill, Balti-
more, in 1864, and was at a later period detailed for more
responsible duties in connection with Camp Distribution at
Baltimore, by General Wallace, then in command of that
department, from which he requested to be relieved, pre-
ferring to remain with the men whose enlistment he had
been instrumental in securing. In August, 1864, he w-as
appointed the Aide-de-Camp, etc., with the rank of Colonel,
to John Brough, Governor of Ohio, at once entering upon
the duties of that office, and remaining w ith the Governor
until his death, which occurred before the expiration of his
term of office, lie continued the same relation with Gov-
ernor Charles Anderson, w ho filled the unexpired term of
Governor Brough. After the conclusion of the war Colonel
Maxwell again turned his attention to the law, and while
engaged in arranging for his admission and practice at
Dayton he received a letter from Richard Smith, of
the Cincinnati Gazette , asking him to come to Cincinnati
for an interview, which proved to be for the purpose of
offering him a place on that paper. This was accepted, and
he became the Assistant City Editor in March, 1868. I11

February, 1870, he also became the Cincinnati agent for
the Western Associated Press, discharging the duties of
this as well as those upon the paper. Later, without his
knowledge, he was elected to the agency of the Western
Associated Press, at New York city. This offered him a
wider newspaper field and much larger pecuniary induce-
ments; but having decided to make Cincinnati his home
he declined the proposition. < >n the 28th d.ly of October,
1871, he was elected by the Board of Officers in the Cin-
cinnati Chamber ol Commerce to the position ol Superin-
tendent of the Merchants’ Exchange, and on the 1st day
of November following assumed the duties of that i Dice,
becoming the successor of William Smith, Esq., who, after
a long and honorable service, had resigned that office.
Colonel Maxwell retired from the Gazette, but continued his
connection with the Western Associated Press until January,
1874, when he resigned that position, and has since devoted
his attention solely to the duties of his office. He has
charge, under the direction of the Board of Officers, of the
affairs of the Merchants’ Exchange, and is the Statistical
Officer of the Chamber of Commerce. His reports of the
trade and commerce of Cincinnati and of the pork-packing
of the country are well and favorably known throughout
this anil other countries. In politics Colonel Maxwell has
been a Republican from the organization of that party, lie
united with the Presbyterian Church while lie was reading
law, and still retains his membership. On Wednesday, June
30th, 1875, Colonel Maxwell was married to Isabella Nell,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

daughter of Colonel Peter Rudolph Neff and granddaughter
of Peter Neff, whose biography appears elsewhere in this
work.

TIE1JEL, HENRY G., was born, March 12th,
1825, in Ilombcrg, on the Ohm, by Gessen, Ger-
many. lie attended the common schools of his
native city, and subsequently studied surveying
Gy\“' at the University of Giessen, with a view to fol-
low it as a profession. At the age of seventeen
years, however, he entered a mercantile house in Wesl-
halpen, where he remained for two years and a half, at the
end of which time he concluded to try his fortune in
America. Accordingly, in the early spring of 1S45, he set
out to take ship at Bremen. Arriving at that city he found
the port blockaded by ice, vessels were unable to go out,
and he was compelled to pass sis months in Bremen.
During his sojourn here the blockade was broken, the
entire city was inundated, and the young emigrant lost all
of his personal effects, including his clothing, barely escap-
ing with his life. The blockade having been removed, lie-
set sail for America, arriving in due time at New York.
A stranger in a strange land, without friends or money, and
unacquainted with the language of the country, he felt him-
self alone, with no arm but his own to lean upon. With a
stout heart and a determined spirit, he set out to look for
something by which he could earn a dollar. Chance threw
in his way a young man whom he had known seven years
before in Europe. From him young Stiebel obtained a loan
of one dollar and a half. This he invested in half a dozen
pairs of suspenders, selling them at good profit, re-investing
in the same article, and again disposing of his stock with
profit. He continued thus for about four months, realizing
a snug sum, with which he purchased notions, and started
out to peddle his wares through the country. This did not
suit him, and lie resolved to conduct business on a different
scale. He purchased a stock of fine dry goods and shipped
them to New Town, Georgia, where he opened a store, and
did a good business for one year and a half. At the end
of this time he disposed of his business, and accepted an
invitation to join his brother-in-law in l’ennsylvania, the
latter having come to this country and settled in that State.
Mr. Stiebel purchased a stock of groceries and joined his
brother-in-law in that business. lie remained here one
year, when he removed to Cooper’s Furnace, near Philips-
burg, New Jersey, where he conducted a successful busi-
ness in a general country store, for nearly three years, lie
then purchased the patent right for a street sweeper. With
this he went to Cincinnati and obtained a contract to keep
the streets of the city clean. He had a similar contract
with the city of Louisville, Kentucky, which he abandoned,
in order to devote the whole of his attention to business in
Cincinnati. Unfortunately for Mr. Stiebel, about the time
that success seemed certain, the Know-Nothing excitement I

I broke out, and, the city government being in the hands of
that party, the result operated against Mr. Stiebel, because
of his foreign birth. Being already weakened by losses in
Louisville, and the failure ol the parties with whom he was
connected in Philadelphia, Mr. Stiebel was compelled to
give up his contract in Cincinnati. This involved the loss
of the greater part of his investment. By this time, how-
ever, he had made many friends, who came to his assistance
and enabled him to meet all his engagements, including
large amounts contracted by the company in Philadelphia.
Mr. Stiebel’s next contract in Cincinnati was for sprinkling
the streets, commencing with a one-horse cart and a box-
tank, which business increased from year to year until 1S72,
when, after experimenting for five or six years, lie patented
a sprinkling apparatus, now in successful operation in Cin-
cinnati and St. Louis. This sprinkler consists of a horizon-
tal tank, larger in the rear in order to keep up the pressure
as the water recedes. The driver’s seat is placed on top
to guard against approaching danger. On the top and in
the centre of the tank is a turret to prevent the water from
running over when the wagon is in motion. On the side,
about eighteen inches from the bottom, is a check valve, by
which the tank is filled, obviating the necessity of the driver
climbing on top. The running gear is so constructed that
the wagon will turn on the ground upon which it stands.
From the small beginning which we have related, Mr.
Stiebel has established a business which, in magnitude, is
second to none of its kind in the country. At this time he
has in operation, in Cincinnati alone, no less than eighteen
of his large wagons, requiring nearly forty head of horses to
run. Besides these, he has just concluded a contract with
the city of St. Louis, which, when in full working order,
will require about fifty wagons, with one hundred horses.
In addition to his sprinkling business, Mr. Stiebel runs a
line of drays requiring as many horses as he has employed
in his other interests. December 25th, 1849, Mr. Stiebel
married Jennclt Schuler. To this union have been born
six children, four sons and two daughters, all living.

♦<>♦

•) 9

ALONE, EDWARD, Architect and Builder, was
born, February 1st, 1S25, in Kings county, Ire-
land. lie labored on his parent’s farm until he
attained his majority, and then became interested
in sheep dealing, and also followed the trade of a
carpenter, until 1S50, when he emigrated to the
United States, lie worked in Philadelphia for about a
year, and then removed to Toledo. When lie reached that
city he was without any capital whatever, nor was he ac-
quainted with a single individual ; but being possessed of
industry, energy, and a practical knowledge of his business
as a carpenter, builder, and architect, lie at once made
manifest his capabilities in designing and erecting some of
the finest business blocks and private residences in the city,

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BIOGRAPHICAL F1NCYCLOP.F1DI A.

52J

among wliicli may lie named the lloody I louse, Oliver
House, High School, etc. While at work on the Oliver
House he formed the acquaintance of the late Hon. J. C.
Hall, which led to results that showed the wisdom of the
latter, as well as the practical work ol the former. This
acquaintance lasted through Mr. Hall’s life, and, it may he
added, that the trust reposed in Edward Malone by his
patron received the indorsement of the leading citizens of
Toledo. Ilis talents as an architect, his skill as a builder,
and his workmanship, are all meeting with the success that
every superior mechanic deserves. He was elected a
Police Commissioner for the term ending April, 1869; in
the following May he was chosen a member ol the Board
of Education, and was made Chairman of the same, and
was also a member of its Building Committee; his term ex-
pired in April, 1872. In the following month of June, he
was nominated as an independent candidate, in connection
with J. R. Freeman and Carl Schon, for the Board of
Water Works, and was elected for two years; and upon the
expiration of that term was renominated by both parties and
elected for the term of three years. lie was married, No-
vember 23d, 1S53, to Eliza Maden, of Banhew, Kings
county, Ireland, and is the father of fifteen children, of
whom nine are now living.

'o RMSTRONG, ELLIOTT BRUCE, Chairman of
/ the Trustees of City Water Works, Columbus,
Ohio, was born in Troy, Miami county, Ohio,
May 5th, 1S22. His father, Richard Armstrong,
was an old and influential citizen, and published
the first newspaper in that place. The subject
of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and in
1840, when in his eighteenth year, he located in the city
of Columbus, Ohio, and engaged, with Chauncy and Leon-
ard Humphreys, then doing business under the firm-name
of 1, Humphreys & Co., to learn the tinning and stove busi-
ness. He continued in the employ of this house for ten
years, serving them in the capacities of apprentice, journey-
man, and foreman. In 1850 he purchased of L. Hum-
phreys (K: Co. their stock and tools, and embarked in business
for himself, a vocation which he has successfully followed
to the present time, having had several partners. He is
now conducting a leading business in the stove, tinware,
and house furnishing goods, under the firm-name of E. B.
Armstrong & Co. In politics he is of the old-school
Democracy, and although not a politician nor office seeker,
yet he has held many positions of honor and trust. lie
was a member of the City Council of Columbus, Ohio, for
six years, as a representative of the Eighth ward, and dur-
ing that time served on many of its most important com-
mittees, among them the committee on water supply, of
which he was made Chairman, and was retained in that
position until, lluou.di the efficiency of that committee, the

city of Columbus obtained its present effective water-works.
This having been accomplished he retired from the City
Council, but was soon called upon by the votes of the elec-
tors of the city to till the position of Ti uslee of Water Works,
which place he now holds, having the honor of being the
President ol the Board. He is a member in good standing
ol the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has the dis-
tinction of being the oldest member of Excelsior Lodge,
No. 145. Deacon Armstrong, as he is familiarly known
and called, is a gentleman of integrity in all his transactions,
genial anti affable to his companions. He manifests a
marked love and veneration for the trite and terse sayings
of Shakespeare and Burns.

OSTER, WILLIAM II., Publisher and Paper
Manufacturer, was born, February 4th, 1828, in
Warren county, Ohio, and is a son of Charles
Foster, a native of Cape May, New Jersey, who
removed to Ohio in 1S23, and settled near
Lebanon, in Warren county. He was a lawyer
by profession, but devoted the greater portion of his life to
educational interests. William was liberally educated, first
in the common schools, and subsequently attended the
Oxford University. In 1846 he commenced the study of
medicine in the office of his brother, Doctor II. C. Foster,
then located at Springfield, Ohio, and after pursuing the
usual course of study in that profession, practised for two
years. On the expiration of that period, he formed an en-
gagement with two older brothers, Charles and James Fos-
ter, and located in Cincinnati, where they carried on the
printing press and type business, in which he continued
until 1S58, when he purchased and published the Brook-
ville American , a journal of that city; and under his
management that paper became an ardent supporter of
Abraham Lincoln for President, in i860. In 1862 he
located at Columbus, Ohio, and became identified w ith the
interests and publication of the Ohio State Journal, w hich
position he retained until December, 18G5. During the
time of his connection with the latter paper, he established,
October 1st, 1863, upon his own account, the Columbus
Daily Express, an evening paper, which advocated with
great earnestness the suppression of the rebellion, which
was then in progress. It was a journal conducted with
ability, having for one of its editors the venerable William
II. Thrall, since deceased. In 1863 he w'as appointed by
Governor Brough Superintendent of Public Printing for the
State, which position he held for a period of about three
years. In 1866 he associated himself with N. D. Perry,
Hiram G. Andrews, and James Andrews, of Delaware,
Ohio, under the firm-name of Andrews, Perry & Co.,
and engaged in the manufacture and sale of paper at the
last named place, with a paper warehouse at Columbus, now
known as the Columbus Paper Company, ami which is

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524

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

doing, :il 1 1 ic present time, an extensive and successful busi-
ness. lie has always been a man of strictly temperate
habits, and a warm advocate of temperance. In 1873 lie
was, against his own solicitation, made a candidate for
1 , i e u l e 1 1 a 1 1 1 - < ioveruor of Ohio, on the Prohibition ticket, and
h id the honor of receiving nearly eleven thousand votes, a
greater number than was given to any other candidate on
that ticket, lie is a gentleman of firm integrity in all
transactions with his fellow-men, active and devoted to
business — a man whose kind words and genial affability
endear him to his numerous friends and acquaintances.

^EITMANN, |<)11N HENRY, Lawyer and Mayor
of Columbus, Ohio, was born at 1 Ieiligenfelde, in
-.•(j ■' the province of Hanover, Prussia, on September
/CrJI IIth, 1842. II e was educated in the common
schools of the country, and also attended a nor-
mal school held at Hanover, to prepare himself
as a teacher. This being accomplished, he devoted two
years of his life to private teaching (a system of education
common in that country), and three years more in the
capacity of a public teacher. In his early youth he formed
the determination to select either England or the United
States of America as hi-, future and adopted home, and in
order to be successful in this undertaking, he applied a good
portion of his time diligently to the study and mastery of
the Engli-.li language. This having been accomplished, in
1866 he came to this country and located in the city of
Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was engaged as teacher in the
Ninth School District for the period of two years. At the
end of this time he located in Columbus, Ohio, where he
devoted the first three years of his residence to teaching and
acting in the c parity of Principal of the German schools
of that city. In the meantime, having selected tiie profes-
sion of law as his future vocation, he had applied himself
with diligence and energy to its study, so much so, that in
the spring of 1S71 he was admitted to the bar, and per-
mitted to practise the profession of his choice. In politics
lie is a Democrat, and in 1S7 5 he, with the Hon. George
1.. Converse, was elected to represent Franklin county in
the Sixty-first General Assembly of Ohio, which position
he filled with credit to himself and honor to his constituents.
In the spring of 1S75 he was elected Mayor of the city of
Columbus, Ohio, a position that he fills with ability and in-
tegrity, dispensing justice with promptness and impartiality,
protecting virtue, alleviating misery, and punishing vice,
lie is also an active and zealous Mason ; he was initiated,
passed, and raised to the degree of Master Mason, in
Magnolia Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, No. 20. On
the organization of a German lodge in Columbus, Ohio,
(Humboldt Lodge, No. 45b,) he was one of the charter
members, and was appointed, by the Most Worshipful
Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, the Inst Senior

Warden of that lodge, but owing to his superior knowledge
of the German language, it was imposed upon him to pre-
side over the work of the lodge from the beginning; he has
now served the lodge for two years as Worshipful Master,
and devoted much time to the perfect translation of the
English ritual into the German.

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EG 1 1 AN, IION. JOHN J„ was born in Ireland,
May tjili, 1S45. lie came to this country in
1854 with his father and mother, who settled in
Cincinnati. folm began his education in the
common schools of Cincinnati, but was obliged
to leave at the age of thirteen to do his share
toward the support of the family. He first went to work in
a tobacco factory, learning a business w hich he has since
followed. Though he had to leave school, young Geglian
did not relinquish the idea of obtaining a good education.
He improved his leisure hours by study, and gradually
fitted himself for the position he has since been called to
fill. He benefited himself greatly by attending a commer-
cial college when time allowed. He worked at the tobacco
business until he had reached his nineteenth year. He
then organized the Tobacconists’ Association of Cincinnati,
of which he was chosen President. This action displeased
the employers, and they gave young Geghan to understand
that he was not in favor with them. T he effect of this dis-
crimination was to move Mr. Geghan to go into business on
his own account. Accordingly, in March of 1865, he asso-
ciated himself with two others, and formed the firm of
Geghan, Porter N McHugh, for the manufacture of tobacco.
In the latter part of the samc^year, he bought the interests
of his partners, and connected himself with Joseph ihas-
liears, under the firm-name of Geghan N Hrashears. Ilis
partner dying in May of 1S66, Mr. Geghan disposed of his
entire interest in the concern, and temporarily turned his
attention to pursuits of a different nature. He organized a
company of volunteers for the Ionian raid on Canada, lie
was elected captain of the company, and look part in the
lights at Ridgway and Fort Erie, lie returned to Cincin-
nati at the close of the demonstration, having lost all his
means, and became foreman in a leading tobacco factory,
lie continued to be employed in various branches of the
tobacco business until 1870, when he formed a partnership
with James W. Murphy, and established the Red Cloud
Tobacco Works. The firm of Geghan & Murphy has been
successful. It was not long after the beginning before
more roomy quarters were found to be necessary, and
Messrs. Geghan & Murphy moved to No. 54 East 'I bird
street, where they now conduct a large and growing busi-
ness. From early manhood Mr. Geghan has been active
in polities. 1 1 is first connection was with the Repub-
lican party. During the Grant campaign in 1868, he and
the lion. J. W. Fitzgerald organized the Irish Grant N

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BIOGRAPHICAL E N C Y C 1 .0 P. E DIA.

525

Colfax Club, of Ci nciimali. lie was among the originators
of the Liberal movement in Cincinnati, and helped to
organize one of the In 4 Greeley clubs. Mr. Geghan was
President of the Greeley and Brown Club of the Sixth
Ward. In I S 7 j he was nominated and elected to the Ohio
House of Representatives by the Democratic party, since
which time he has taken a prominent and leading part in
the work of the Legislature, and has kept himself constantly
before the public. Among the many measures introduced
by Mr. Geghan are the amendment to the Adair liquor law,
the padrone bill, the new militia law, and the now cele-
brated Religious Liberty Hill, known as Geghan’s bill, lie
is a public-spirited man, active in the promotion of every
cause which commends itself to his good judgment.

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cj WIFT, ISAAC, Physician, was born in Cornwall,
Litchfield county, Connecticut, January 30th,
xYjLjJ) 1790. He was the youngest son and fourth of
five children of Dr. Isaac Swift, who served as a
ffL-' surgeon in the revolutionary army, and died in
1S02. The mother of the subject of this sketch
—ki woman of most estimable qualities— died about six
years after her husband, and when Isaac was in his eigh-
teenth year. The son resolved to adopt his father’s profes-
sion. He entered upon a course of medical reading, and
attended lectures in New York city. Having finished his
course he was admitted to practise in New Jersey. As far
back as Dr. Swift’s early manhood the East was thought to
be overstocked with laborers in every field, and the fast-
opening West invited young ambition. Dr. Swift deter-
mined to follow the tide of emigration rolling westward.
Little time was consumed in preparation. 1 1 is interests in
New Jersey were not large. lie had only to saddle his
horse, strap on his personal effects, mount, and march. He
set out in the spring of 1S15. Passing through Palmyra,
Rochester, Niagara Falls, and Buffalo, he reached Cleve-
land City, which may have had as many as two hundred
inhabitants. After a short rest in Cleveland he moved on,
bringing up in the village of Ravenna in June, 1815. His
object in calling here was to consult one Dr. Carter, whom
he had known in Connecticut, with reference to locating
permanently in New Albany, Indiana. Upon inquiry he
found that Dr. Carter had returned to Connecticut. Though
weary and travel-worn after his thousand miles’ ride on
horseback, he would still have pushed on had not his
means of transportation been deranged. In swimming the
Grand river, at Painesville, Dr. Swift’s horse had taken
cold, and by the time he reached Ravenna the animal stood
in pressing need of lest and good treatment. So it came
about that young Dr. Swift was obliged to stop over night
in Ravenna. At that time Salmon Carter was building a
tavern on the corner of Main and Chestnut streets, where
the Empire Building now stands. Dr. Swift became the

guest of Salmon Carter. It so happened that the good
people of Ravenna and vicinity were suffering much from
sickness, and before the doctor had been many hours in
town he received a call. He suddenly realized that he had
a good practice without going blither, lie remained in
Ravenna until death removed him half a century later. In
1816 Dr. Swift formed a partnership for five years with
Seth Day, now deceased. They bought out a store kept
by one llazlipp, and added medicines to the stock. Mr.
Day gave his attention to the general store business, and
Dr. Swift continued his practice. In 1819 Mr. Day was
appointed Clerk of the court and Recorder of the county,
and m the following year the partnership was dissolved.
The store passed again into Mr. Hazlipp’s hands, and Dr.
Swift retained the medicines, continuing the drug business
for a time in Hazlipp’s store, ami afterwards, from 1822 to
1825, in the store of Cyrus Prentiss, upon the site of which
now stands the First National Bank. In 1825 he erected a
building on the east corner of his Chestnut street lot, and
here he established his drug store permanently, as he then
thought. But Ravenna grew and business increased, and
in 1842 the drug store was moved into the brick building
known as Swift’s Block, on Main street. Then followed a
partnership with the late Curtiss Hatch, which continued
until 1S59, when Dr. Swift retired from active business and
left the store in the hands of his son, Dr. Charles E. Swift.
In 1824 Dr. Swift was elected Treasurer of the county,
which office he held until 1832. In 1846 lie was appointed
by the Legislature to be an Associate Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas of Portage county. Dr. Swift discharged
the duties of this position for five years with intelligence
and dignity, retiring from the bench when the associate
judiciary was abolished by ill* adoption of the new Consti-
tution. For some time after Dr. Swift settled in Ravenna
there was no church, no regular preaching, and but three
church members in the place. Religious meetings were,
however, instituted and held with tolerable regularity by
Daniel Dauley, Dr. Isaac Swift, and Seth Day, all young
men and not one a professor of religion. “Deacon”
Dauley read the prayers; Dr. Swift led the singing and
read the sermons. These meetings were continued until
the organization of the Congregational Church of Ravenna,
in 1824. In 1831 Dr. Swift joined the church, of which
Rev. Abram Nash was pastor, and immediately took an
active interest in all of its affairs. For more than forty
years he was Church Treasurer. January 15th, 1818, Dr.
Isaac Swift was joined in marriage to Eliza Thompson, at
the house of the bride’s father, the ceremony being per-
formed by Rev. Caleb Pitkin, then pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church of Charlestown. The wedding was largely
attended, and was considered a social event of more than
ordinary importance. The young couple began housekeep-
ing in a dwelling which stood upon the site now occupied
by the .Ivina Block. In 1824 the Swift homestead, on
Chestnut street, was completed, and since then has been the

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526

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

family residence. Here, after a life of usefulness and
honor, Dr. Isaac Swift passed away on the evening of
Tuesday, July 141I1, 1874, having reached his eighly-lillh
year with unimpaired faculties. He was a pioneer of whom
Portage county is justly proud. Dr. Swift is survived by
his aged wife and three children, viz. : Dr. Charles L.
Swift, of Ashtabula, Ohio; Mrs. E. R. Wait, of Ravenna;
anti Mrs. Emily Morrison, of New York city. The late
Governor Henry A. Swift, of Minnesota, was a son of the
subject of this memoir. A native of Ravenna, where he
was horn, March 23d, 1S23, Henry A. graduated at the
Western Reserve College, read law, became clerk of the
Ohio House of Representatives, was a member of the Min-
nesota Legislature, one of the defenders of St. Peter,
Minnesota, in the Indian massacre of 1862, and Idled the
chair of the Chief Executive of the commonwealth of Min-
nesota. He died February 2Gth, 1869.

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OlfVflOODWARD, CHARLES, M. D., Physician, was
born, 1S04, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
|j vania. After receiving a thorough classical and
, academical education, he entered tire College of
New Jersey, at Princeton, and graduated from
that institution in the class of 1S23, receiving the
degree of A. B. Having selected the medical profession
for his future career, he became a student in the Philadel-
phia Medical Institute, and in 1826 received the degree of
M. D. from that institution. Almost immediately after
graduation he removed to Cincinnati, and commenced the
practice of medicine in that city, which he only relinquished
early in 1874, owing to impaired health. It is a very
remarkable fact that he never lost a day of active service in
his profession, by reason of ill health, until attacked by the
disease of which he died. Wonderful buoyance of feeling,
great energy, constant endurance in a very large practice,
were doubtless the results of such extraordinary health.
He was in rather straitened circumstances when he lirst
entered his profession. A speculative venture resulting
successfully gave him means to equip his office, get married,
and abide the time of his success. Prosperity soon followed
skilful efforts in his work, and he acquired enviable distinc-
tion for family practice. He was especially noted for a
keenly sympathetic, gentle nature, that made him a most
acceptable visitor to the sick-chamber. 1 1 is patrons became
attached to him with something akin to filial or fraternal
love. They had comfort in his soothing manner, faith in
his skill, and confidence in his ever gentlemanly bearing.
A singular fact in his professional career was his steadfastly
declining to take a professorship in colleges. He also
avoided successfully the quarrels, jealousies, and strange
dillerenees into which members of the profession are so
prone to fall. While habitually courteous and friendly, he
was unvaryingly dignified and polite. 1 1 is near a half

century of work in his profession brought him a fi ir compe-
tency ; not so directly from his earnings — which alone will
make a conscientious and faithful physician rich — but much
of what he gathered together resulted from a habit he stead-
ily adhered to ol buying real estate w henever his accumula-
tions warranted an investment. His warmly sympathetic
disposition made him generous not only in giving, but also
in a charity practice, a large amount of attention har ing
been given the poor without charge. lie was married,
1828, to Amelia Roe, sister of the late Charles Roe and
of Mrs. Josiah Lawrence, and there were born to him six
sons and two daughters, all of whom survive him, lie
died in Cincinnati, August 16th, 1874.

— ONES, WILLIAM FRANCIS, Boot and Shoe-
maker, was born, August 121I1, 1824, in Nash
county, North Carolina, of American parentage.
When but five years of age he was indentured to
learn the trade of a shoemaker, and worked until
he attained his majority. He then commenced
business for himself, his cash capital being fifty cents, and
his tools consisting only of a hammer, a pair of pincers^ a
peg awd, a sewing and, and a knife. From this small be-
ginning he has prospered and gained a comfortable liveli-
hood, beside having laid by a store for the “rainy day.”
In 1858 he removed to Cleveland, wdiere he has ever since
resided. During the war of the rebellion he served one
year and was honorably discharged. He has always been
Republican in political feeling, but has never held a public
office of any kind. In religious belief he is a Methodist.
He was converted at the age of twenty-four, and up to that
time had never heard a sermon preached. Soon after his
arrival in Cleveland he engaged earnestly in the cause of
religion, and was a zealous laborer in theffield before hint,
insomuch that the church asked for his promotion. He was
accordingly ordained a Deacon by the Annual Conference,
at Columbus, April 30th, 1868. lie was married, May 22d,
1847, to Malindia Mayo, ol North Carolina.

ILI.ER, SAMUEL A., Lawyer, Geologist, and
Scientist, was born, August 2S1I1, 1837, in Cool-
ville, Athens county, Ohio. After a due course
of preparatory education, and the requisite study
of the law, he was admitted to the bar, at Cincin-
nati, in April, i860, lie at once commenced the
practice of his profession in that city, which has since be-
come both extensive and lucrative. Few advocates stand
so high in the estimation of their professional brethren and
the community as to business integrity and private charac-
ter as himself and his brother, I. J. Miller, being often
termed by their brethren of the bar far nubile fra hum
He has annotated and prepared for the press the entire

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BIOG RAl’IIICAL ENCYCEOP.EDl A.

527

statutes and laws of Ohio, a work covering 3600 pages,
lie is the author of the resolution to exclude the Bible and
religious instruction from the public schools of Cincinnati,
so that these schools may be free and cipial to all children
alike. As a mcmbei ol tin1 Board ot Education, he intro-
duced the above-named resolution in September, lS6y, and
it was adopted on November 1st in the same year. The
Superior Court of Cincinnati enjoined the enforcement of
the rule, but the Supreme Court ol Ohio reversed the action
of the lower court, since which time it has been enforced in
the public schools, and is now universally regarded as a
permanent regulation. In January, 1S74, he commenced
the publication of the “ Cincinnati Quarterly Journal ol
Science.” He has written several monographs on the sub-
ject of the lower Silurian fossils in and about Cincinnati,
described many new species, and formed some new genera.
In April, 1S75, lie was elected President of the Cincinnati
Society of Natural History. He is quite well known as an
original discoverer in geological and paleontological mat-
ters.

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II.EEY, 1ION. JOHN WIIEELOCK, Lawyer
and Legislator, was born in New Hampshire in
1 797, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, in June,
1841. He received a good preparation for col-
lege, and then was sent to Dartmouth, where he
was under the special care of President Wheel-
ock, for whom he had been named. After graduating he
went to New York to complete his studies of the legal pro-
fession. In 1822, after being admitted to the bar to prac-
tise, he started for the West and settled in Cleveland, then
a small but thriving village. In the sharp struggle for
reputation and fortune between the many able lawyers then
at the bar of northern Ohio, he more than held his own, and
soon gained an enviable position. In 1827 he was elected
to represent Cuyahoga county in the House of Representa-
tives of Ohio, where he served his constituents ably for
three years. He was then chosen a Senator for Ohio,
which ollice he held for three years, and closed his legisla-
tive career in 1S32. On leaving the Senate he resumed
the practice ol his prolession until 1836, when he was
elected the lust Mayor of Cleveland. The term being for
only one year, he was re-elected by a very large majority.
The original laws and ordinances of the city government he
drafted, and they proved, when reduced to practice, com-
prehensive and effective. Before the financial distress of
1837 he was actively interested in the original schemes for
the construction ol railroads from Cleveland to Columbus
and Pittsburgh. In 1840 he was appointed Judge, and on
the bench exhibited strong memory, power of analysis,
promptness of decision, and strict impartiality. His instruc-
tions to juries were models of addresses, as he always made
every point clear, and without wearying his listeners always
placed them in possession of every fact, lie was alw ays of

a cheerful disposition, and while practising at the bar and
while silling on the bench was often in the habit of telling
little anecdotes which made judge, jury, and prisoners
smile. He died while holding the position of President
Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District. His many vii •
lues in private and prolessional life, his dignity of character,
and his unostentatious manner, endeared him to a very
large circle of professional and lay friends.

ECK, I ION. HIRAM DAVID, Lawyer, and City
Solicitor of Cincinnati, was born in Harrison
county, Kentucky, March 23d, 1S41. His pater-
nal ancestors are from an old Vermont family,
while his mother springs from the early settlers
of Virginia. Having received his preparatory
education at the High School of his native county, he en-
tered the sophomore class at the Miami University, at
Oxford, Ohio, whence he graduated in 1862. In May of
that year he, with his fellow-students, formed a company of
volunteers, which was placed under the command of Pro-
fessor McFarland, and became Company A, 86th Ohio
Volunteers. They served in West Virginia until Septem-
ber following, when, their term of enlistment having expired,
lie returned to find his home in the possession ol the rebels.
They were shortly afterward driven from that portion of the
State, and he returned home, where lie was appointed by
Hon. Salmon P. Chase, then Secretary of the Treasury,
Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for his district.
During his occupancy of this office he studied law under
the direction of lion. \V. W. Trimble, of Cynlhiana, Ken-
tucky, and was admitted to the Bhr at Lexington, Kentucky,
in August, 1864. He resigned the Assistant Assessorship
in September, 1S64, and matriculated at the- 1 harvard Law
School, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, whence he graduated
LL. B. in the summer of 1865. He remained at his home
In Cynthiana until the spring of 1 S65, when he engaged in
practice in Cincinnati. He was prominently named before
the Republican Convention for the 1 .cgislalive nomination
in 1871, but he declined. Being a delegate to the Repub-
lican State Convention in 1872, he moved to strike out the
resolution indorsing Grant for the Presidency, and warmly
discussed the matter. He joined the Liberal movement,
and was a member of the National Liberal Republican
Convention,- at Cincinnati, which nominated Horace
Greeley, He became one of the leading spirits in the
exciting campaign which followed, and by a coalition with
the Democrats for the campaign, they, by indefatigable
efforts, carried Hamilton county for Greeley. In the spring
of 1873 he was nominated by the Liberals and Democrats
for City Solicitor, against J. W. Warrington, Republican.
In the election which followed his competitor received a
majority of 36 in a vote of 32,000; but to avoid a contest
the matter was compromised by Ins appointment as First

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Assistant to Mr. Warrington. When the latter was suc-
ceeded, in April, 1875, by Hon. Robert O. Strong, Mr.
Peek was retained in the position which he had Idled so
ably and acceptably. On January 8lh, 1875, Mr. Strong
died, and Mr. Peck was unanimously nominated by the
1) einocrats to hit the vacancy. Shortly afterwards the Re-
publican committee met and refused to put any candidate in
the held against him, and he was elected almost without any
opposition at the special election held on the 22d of January
following, lie was married, November iSth, 186S, to Har-
riet E., daughter of George M. Weld, ol Boston, Massachu-
setts, and has two children.

ARNETT, GENERAL JAMES, Merchant and
Soldier, was born, June 2lsi, 1821, in Cherry
Valley, Otsego county, New York, and is the son
of Melancthon Barnett, who removed with his
family to Cleveland when James was but four
years of age. In his childhood he attended the
common schools of the city, and subsequently entered a hard-
ware store. In a few years he was admitted to partnership
in the hardware firm of George Worthington & Co., where
he remained many years, lie always was interested in the
military organizations of the city and State. Of an artillery
company, organized in Cleveland in 1S40, he was a member
more than eighteen years, until a change in the law govern-
ing military organizations, when this company became the
1st Regiment Light Artillery, Ohio Volunteer Militia, and
he was chosen Colonel. I11 i860 this regiment tendered its
services to the Governor of Ohio and was accepted. Within
five days after the fall of Fort Sumter this regiment was
ordered to the river boundary fronting West Virginia. In
two days it was in Marietta preparing to go into camp.
After a month in that encampment it was ordered to cross
the river into Virginia. A detachment with two guns crossed
to Parkersburg, and Colonel Barnett took the remainder
over at Benwood and proceeded to Grafton, where he
awaited the arrival of the detachment, which passed up the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Philippi. This regiment
took an active part in the light there, it being noted as the
first artillery fired in the field by the United States forces
during the war of the rebellion. The regiment was reunited
in season to take part in the attack on the rebels at Laurel
Hill, and the enemy fled before it. A detachment with two
guns pursued the rebels two days through a terrible rain and
over almost impassable mountain roads, which the foe had
obstructed with felled trees. The pursuit ended at Garrick’s
Ford, where the rebels made a stand, but were quickly
driven from their position with the loss of one gun, which
was taken to Cleveland as a trophy. At the close of this
campaign Colonel Barnett was ordered to report to General
McClellan at Beverly, where a consultation was had on
taking the artillery up the Kanawha to attack General Wise.

But the regiment had never been recognized by the United
States, as it had thus far acted under the orders of the Slate
of Ohio, and its services in Virginia were considered neces-
sary for the safety of Ohio. Their position was now some-
what doubtful, as there was no longer an excuse for their
being in Virginia. While this discussion was being held
the battle of Bull Run was fought, General McClellan was
summoned to Washington, and the regiment was recalled to
Ohio ami dismissed. Its campaign was brief and brilliant,
and preserved West Virginia to the Union. Its reception as
it entered Cleveland with Colonel Barnett at its head and all
its guns, and in addition the one captured at Carrick’x Ford,
was most enthusiastic, and the City Council gave them a
unanimous vote of thanks. In August, 1861, a month after
his return, he was commissioned by Governor Dennison to
raise a twelve-battery regiment of artillery, which the Gov-
ernor had prevailed on the United States to authorize. As
fast as the batteries were organized and equipped they were
sent into the field. Two reached General Thomas in season
to join in the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky. The other
batteries were sent to different commands in West Virginia
and Kentucky. When he had completed this work, in the
spring of 1862, he took a portion of his command and re-
ported to General Buell in Louisville. In March, when the
army arrived in Nashville, he w'as placed in command of
the artillery reserve of the Army of the Ohio, and partici-
pated in the battles of Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth and other
actions, until the occupation of Huntsville by Buell’s army.
In July, 1862, he was ordered to Ohio on recruiting service,
and was very successful. I11 September he returned w ith
his full quota of recruits and was assigned to duty on the
staff of General C. C. Gilbert, then in command of the centre
corps of the Army of the Ohio. After the battle of Perry-
ville he was transferred to the staff of Major-General Mc-
Cook as Chief of Artillery until November 241I1, 1862, w hen
General Rosecrans appointed him Chief of Artillery of the
Army of the Cumberland. Ills great services in the battles
of Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and the many
other battles of the Cumberland, were so important as to be
specially mentioned with strong commendation by General
Rosecrans. Later, w hen General Thomas was in command,
his valuable services were appreciated by that model of a
General. When the operations around Chattanooga closed
he was placed in command of the artillery requiring reor-
ganization and remounting. Two divisions of six batteries
each were formed — one composed of batteries in the regular
United States service and the other of volunteer batteries,
principally those of the 1st Ohio Artillery Regiment. These
w'ere camped near Nashville, drilled, reorganized and
equipped, and held in readiness for the field. On the 20th
of October, 1864, the need for his services having ceased,
he was mustered out of the service. But before he had re-
tired from Nashville the battle of that place was fought, and
he rendered valuable aid in the engagement, though acting
in an independent capacity. Later he was made Brigadier-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

529

General by brevet, in consideration of bis distinguished ser-
vices. On bis return home be resumed business in the firm
of which he had continued a member throughout the war.
In l S7_j Governor Allen appointed him one of the three
trustees for the management of the Northern Ohio Hospital
for the Insane, lie has been a member of the Republican
party since its organization, and is highly esteemed by people
of all parties and creeds for his honor in all matteis of busi-
ness, his patriotism and his courteous manners towards all
with whom he has dealings.

'the Hamilton iV Indianapolis (unction road, in which olhee
he remained till death, on July 301I1, 1855.

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OOOS, IION. ]OIIN, Lawyer and Member of
Congress, son of Alexander and Mary (Robinson)
Woods, was born in Dauphin county, Pennsyl-
vania, October iSth, 1794. His father was a
native of county Tyrone, Ireland, and came to
America in 1790, settling in Pennsylvania, where,
in 1793, he married. A few years later he emigrated to Ken-
tucky, and thence in 1797 to Warren county, Ohio, where he
raised a family of eight children. John, the oldest, received
such slender ad\ milages of schooling as the country afiorded,
and since he seems to have been at least a good English
scholar, it is probable he received much of his instructions
from his father. He served in the last months of the war
of I Si 2, after which he taught school for a couple of years,
meanwhile pursuit!
the lion. John M

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V MOORLAND, JOHN, Gold-Pen Manufacturer, was
born, August 251I1, 183S, in the parish of Kil-
crohane, in the county of Cork, Ireland, and is a
son of the late Patrick Holland. His parents
emigrated to America in 1848,31111 settled in Cin-
cinnati, where his father followed the business of
a stone-mason until his death, which occurred in 1854.
John received his early education in St. Xavier’s Parochial
School; he also 'attended a night-school for about five years,
during which time he studied the classics with a view of
adopting a profession, but on the death of his father, finding
the charge of his mother and the younger children devolved
on him, he concluded to finish learning the trade to which
his father had indentured him, that of gold-pen manufactur-
ing in the establishment of George W. Sheppard, so favor-
ably known to the trade, lie served the specified four
years’ apprenticeship, and at the expiration of this term tc-
ceived the position of foreman of the factory, which he held
for two years. He then purchased a one-third interest in
the business, which he retained until 1S62, nnd then bought
the other two-thirds, since which time he nas conducted the
the st inly of law under the direction ol establishment in his own name. When lie first took charge
.can, then member of Congress, and of the factory the products were comparatively small, being
afterwards one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the, but about jtSooo per annum and giving employment to five
United States. In 1819 he was admitted to the bar and be-
gan practice in Puller county. Possessing energy and talent,
he soon distinguished himself in his profession, and in 1S24
was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1826. While
there he established a creditable reputation, and obtained
appropriations of land from the general government to aid
improvements in his section; this brought him popularity at
home, but taking strong grounds against the election of
Jackson in 182S, he was defeated for another term, and for

the following seventeen years gave his attention to the routine
of private affairs. 1 Ic established, and for seven years edited,
the Hamilton Intclli^t uror, w hich afterwards passed into the
management of I.. I >. Campbell. Resides the pursuit of
his profession he engaged in numerous financial enterprises,
and was President of the old Rank of Hamilton. He pro-
jected and, in connection with a few' other enterprising men,
built the Hamilton Hydraulic, a thing that, utilizing the
water-power of the Miami river, has been of incalculable
advantage to the town. In 1845 he was elected Auditor of
Slate for Ohio, and served till 1S51, revising the accounts
of State and directing its financial policy. In this capacity
he is said to have displayed abilities of the highest order,
and to have rescued the Slate from impending bankruptcy

hands. In 1S66 he added to the business the manufacture
of gold and silver pencils, fine ebony and ivory pen-holders
and gold tooth picks. The business now amounts to over
8100,000 yearly, and lorly persons are constantly employed
in the works. His store and factory, which is six stories
high, is entirely occupied by the business, with the exception
of the second floor, w hich is rented for offices. His ma-
chinery is all propelled by steam-power, the rolling-mill
alone weighing over two tons. A thorough mechanic of an
inventive genius, he has taken out ten patents for pen and
pencil-cases, also one for alloying gold for pens. The ma-
terial employed in the manufacture of the various articles
are gold and silver bullion, and he imports his ebony direct
from Africa, and the ivory from the same country, and also
from the East Indies. 1 1 is products find a ready market in
the United States and Europe, as also as far east as China
and Japan. Tor the past five years he has received the
contract for supplying the Treasury Department at Wash-
ington, and has been awarded medals at several fairs and
expositions, including that at Vienna, in 1873. The es-
tablishment is the largest in the country west of New York
city, and there is but one even in that city which produces
as large and varied a stock. Since he commenced business

or repudiation. After retiring from office he became l’resi- he has only been idle one month, during the time of Kirby
dent of the Hamilton & Eaton Railroad, and afterw ards of , Smith’s raid through Kentucky and Ohio, lie being at that
67

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53°

BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOICEDIA.

lime Captain of a company in the tali Ohio Reserves,
which was called into the service for thirty days, lie is
the owner not only of the valuable properly No. 19 West
Fourth street, where his factory is located, but also of the
line edifice where he resides, besides other properties in
various parts of the city, amounting in value to over
$100,000, being his accumulations during the fourteen years
of his business career. 1 1 is unusual success in his avoca-
tion may be attributed in part to the fact that his goods are
ever found to be of the most superior quality, and always as
represented. He was one of the incorporators of the
Miami Valley Savings Hank, and of which he has been
Vice-President since its organization, lie was married,
July 7th, 1S70, to Kate, daughter of James Olden, the wed-
known saw manufacturer, and is the father of three chil-
dren, all living.

S F , LEONARD, Landowner, was born in West-
moreland county, Pennsylvania, |uly 29th, 1786,
and died, December 7th, 1S64, in Cleveland,
Ohio, lie was the son of Meschach Case, a
farmer of the place of Leonard's nativity. This
family in 1788 removed to Washington county,
and in 1800 made another removal to Warren, Trumbull
county, Ohio. While in Washington county he attended
school in winter and worked on the farm in summer, but
when they reached their Ohio farm his entire time was
taken up with labors on the farm, as his father was in ill
health and he was the eldest of the children. In 1801 his
lower limbs became inflamed so as to coniine him to the
bed for one and a half years, and then he arose a cripple,
without hope of recovery. During this illness he had for-
gotten nearly all that he had learned at school, and his first
object was to regain the lost treasure, and to add to it if
possible. l!ut his family were very poor, and he could only
obtain an old arithmetic front Pittsburgh, and a fragment
of a book on surveying. lie studied these diligently for
three years, at the same time earning his living by bottom-
ing chairs, making sieves, etc. In March, 1806, he obtained
a place to write in the office of the Clerk of Common Pleas,
lie soon mastered the statutes of Ohio so as to be able to
make prompt reference to any information required. The
following spring he obtained some work in the land agency
office of General Simon Perkins. August 2tst, 1807, he was
appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court in Trumbull county,
and was reappointed to that position in 1814, and in 1816
he resigned the clerkship. Very soon after his first appoint-
ment, in 1807, he was also appointed Deputy Collector of
non-resident taxes for the Sixth District of Ohio, lie per-
formed the duties with promptness and accuracy. In that
same winter he made a list of the owners and of lands
drawn in the drafts of the Connecticut Land Company,
which proved subsequently to be of great value in tracing
the records of properly, lie also found some employment

in the Recorder’s office, but all of his leisure lime was de-
voted to reading law, so that he was admitted to practise in
the State courts in 1814. In August, 1809, he was elected
Justice of the Peace, ami was re-elected in 1812, and again
in 1815. From 1812 to 1816 he also held the position of
Collector of the Sixth District, receiving his appointment
annually from the Legislature. The responsibility and
labors increased rapidly so that the last year he filled the
office his collections were more than fifty-eight thousand
doliars, and his compensation but four hundred and fifty
dollars and travelling expenses. In 1S16 he removed to
Cleveland to lake the position of Cashier of the new Com-
mercial Rank of Lake Erie. In a few years the bank failed
and he resumed the practice of law in Cuyahoga and other
counties, and continued in his professional duties until 1S33,
when his physical infirmity compelled him to relinquish
active practice, which for thirteen years had been in the
United States as well as Slate courts. I11 1S20 he was ap-
pointed Auditor of Cuyahoga county, and while in that
position he made a new list of lands and also acted as Clerk
of the County Commissioners. The following year he was
reappointed, and two years thereafter was elected to the
same position. When he entered the office the county was
fifteen hundred dollars in debt; four years later when he left
it all the debts were paid and there were two thousand
dollars in the treasury; his compensation for the entire time
was six hundred and fifty dollars. In 1824 he was elected
to the Legislature, and while a member of that body aided
in the location of the Ohio canal, and in devising a new
system of taxation. His constituents returned him to the
Legislature for the next two years. March 20th, 1832, the
Commercial Rank of Lake Erie was resuscitated. He
settled the accounts of thexjild corporation and was made
President of the new organization. Some time prior to this
lie had been appointed agent of the Stale of Connecticut to
take charge of the lands and debts belonging to its school
fund. It proved a long and most difficult task, requiring
more than thirty years, lie sold land in more than four
hundred contracts, had long and tangled mortgage demands
to settle with purchasers of the mortgaged lands, and col-
lected and paid over about five hundred thousand dollars in
money without having more than one lawsuit growing out
of the contracts. The final settlement was made with the
land company’s commissioners in November, 1855, without
the changing or questioning of a single figure. From 1821
to 1825 he was President of the village of Cleveland, lie
was ever interested in beautifying the city, and suggested
and greatly aided in carrying forward the work of ornament-
ing the streets with shade trees, so that it is now widely
known as the Forest City, lie headed the subscription list
with five thousand dollars to build the first railroad to
Cleveland, and was chosen one ol the Directors of the com-
pany. 1 le invested all the money he could obtain beyond
his immediate wants in lands within or near tin' city's
limit;;, and thus laid the foundation for great wealth. His

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENC YCLOP/ED I A.

531

land purchases were made so that a debt could not stand, at
the furthest, more than two years, and was so managed as
to he paid without the sale of properly. Generous and just
in all of his dealings, he was never guilty of an act ol un-
kindness or oppression. He died in the seventy ninth yeai
of his age. lie had two sons, W illiam and Leonard. 1 he
former was horn in Cleveland in 1818, and died in the same
city on April lyth, 1802, and w ill long he remembered for
the goodness and usefulness of his pure life. When quite
young he was elected to represent the Second ward in the
City Council. He was so useful that he was re-elected and
continued a member until 1S50, w hen by a large majority he
was elected M lyor, and in the following year was re-elected
by a still larger majority. In 1S52 he was nominated for
Congress by the Whigs, hut was defeated by a small
majority; the anti-slavery element was successful in elect-
ing the I’ree-Soil candidate. Alter that event he took no
active part in politics, I11 1853 he w'as elected President
of the Cleveland, l’ainesville A Ashtabula Railroad Com-
ptny, and contined to preside over the allairs of the road
until 1S5S. During these years the road proved to he most
profitable and prosperous, and was considered one of the
best managed roads in the country. He advocated and
aided in the construction of the water-works in Cleveland.
When the Sinking Fund Commission was established by
legislative enactment, he was appointed one of the Com-
missioners, and retained that position until his death. The
Case liluck at the time it was built was by far the largest
and finest in the city; he projected it and nearly completed
it before his death. He was a man of a fine literary educa-
tion, warm-hearted, and beloved by all within the circle of
his acquaintance. Leonard, the second and only surviving
son, was born in Cleveland in 1S20, and graduated from
Yule College in 1842. On the death of his brother William
he was chosen to fill the vacancy thus created in the Sinking
Fund Commission, which position he still retains. The
construction of the Case Block, unfinished at the death of
his brother, was completed under his management, and at a
subsequent dale the larger Case building was erected by
him. At the death of his lather he became sole proprietor
of the estates in the city and suburbs of Cleveland, and their
management requires bi-> close attention. lie has ever
avoided publicity.

I

i

URKIIALTER, SOLOMON, Retired Merchant,
was born, March 151I1, 1S11, in Lehigh county,
Pennsylvania. He was the fourth of eleven chil-
dren, the issue of Peter Burkhaller and Catharine
Berry, both natives of Pennsylvania, their ances-
tors being among the original settlers of that
Stale. Peter Burkhaller was a farmer, and died in Tippe-
canoe county, Indiana, where his wife also passed away.
Solomon’s early education was of the limited charade!
received at the country schools during his boyhood. In

U

1824 he accompanied his parents from Pennsylvania to
Butler county, Ohio. At the age of seventeen years he was
apprenticed to the trade of wagon and plow making, at
Reading, Ohio, where be lias since made Ins home. After
a four years’ apprenticeship he look a course of advanced
studies at Dayton, and fur the next seven years carried on
business for himself. The follow ing five years he devoted
to farming and brickmaking. This latter business he con-
ducted in connection with contracting for the construction
of churches and other buildings, for twenty-one years.
During this time he served a term of five years as Mayor
of Reading. For six years he lias been Magistrate and
Notary Public for Sycamore township. Since 1856 he has
been President of the Cincinnati A Xenia Turnpike Com-
pany, which owns the finest turnpike road in the Stale.
For the last ten years Mr. Burkhaller has given his attention
exclusively to educational, social, and political affairs. In
politics he is a Republican ; in religion an Universalist. He
is a man of large experience, forcible character, generous
impulse anil kindly disposition. He is one of the foremost
citizens of Reading, taking a deep and active interest in
whatever promises to promote the city’s welfare and pros-
perity.

t^pHEIS, CHARLES, Hardware Merchant, was born,
July 15th, 1S34, in the kingdom of Bavaria, Ger-
many, and is a son of Jacob and Charlotta (Jack i )
Theis. II is father was a farmer, and also fol-
lowed the grocery business. He emigrated to the
United States with his family in 1847, first locat-
ing at Hillsborough, Highland county, hut the following
year removed to 1 1 igginsport.’Vul now resides with his son
Charles at Georgetown. Charles received a good education
in his native country, and worked on a farm until his four-
teenth year, both at H illsborough and Iligginsport, and then
assisted his father as a clerk in his grocery store in the latter
town, remaining with him about two years. In 1851 he
cut to Cincinnati, where he was employed in the same
capacity in a hat store for one year, returning to Hillsbor-
ough, w here he started on his own account in I lint business.
He remained there a year and then removed again to Cin-
cinnati, where he embarked in a similar business on Central
avenue. He pursued his calling w ith assiduity for some
eight months, when he disposed of his stock, and became
an assistant in the American Restaurant of Cincinnati, w here
he continued for three years. In 1858 he removed to
Georgetown, Brown county, where he embarked in the
grocery business, and conducted the same exclusively for
two years, and then added hardware to his stock, which
latter has expanded, together with the further addition of
agricultural implements, until he may 1 e properly termed a
hardware merchant, although he still continues keeping a
line of select groceries, and has greatly prospered in his
career. In religious faith he is a Protestant. IBs political

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lSIOGRAHIICAI. F.NCYCI.OP/EDIA.

532

creed is llint of the Democratic party, although lie lias
neither soii'dit nor held any office of a ]>olitieal character.
Socially he is pleasant, affable and courteous, possesses a
iirm and determined demeanor, and is remarkably untiring,
energetic and industrious. 1 1 is reputation and standing ns
a business man and public-spirited citizen is unquestionable,
lie takes great interest in the order of Odd Fellows, of
which fraternity he is a prominent member, lie was mar-
ried in 1S5S to Fanny, daughter of F. J. Krcctzer, formerly
of Bavaria, and is the father of eight children.

’ IIEPHERD, WILLIAM WALLACE, M. D., was
born in Highland county, about eight miles south
of Hillsborough, Ohio, December 16th, 1S37. He
was the second child in a family of six children
whose parents were William A. Shepherd and
Frances A. (Rogers) Shepherd. His father, a
native of Philadelphia, followed through life the profession
of medicine. At an early day he moved to Ohio with his
father’s family, and settled in Highland county. There, and
in the adjoining county of Clinton, he was engaged in pro-
fessional labors until his demise in May, 1871. Ills mother,
a native of Frederic county, Virginia, was the daughter of
William Rogers, an early pioneer and settler of Highland
county, Ohio, llis preliminary education was liberal, and
received in the common and high schools of his native
county. In 1S52 he began the reading of medicine in
Highland county, under the tuition of his father, and
remained with him as a student, engaged in zealous study,
until the year 1S55, when lie removed to Cincinnati and
completed his medical education under the supervision of
Dr. E. II. Johnson, now deceased, at that time a prominent
physician practising at 139 West Sixth street. lie then
attended medical lectures, and in 1857 graduated with
honor from the Medical College of Ohio. He then, during
several months, practised his profession in conjunction with
his father, and subsequently for one year, at Centrefield,
Highland county. On Ins return to Samantha, in the same
county, he practised in association with his parent until the
fall of 1861, the date of the latter’s removal to New Vienna,
Clinton county, Ohio. In the fall of 1S63, having been
occupied up to this period in Samantha, lie established bis
office in Hillsborough, Highland county, where he has
since resided, lie devotes a great deal of attention to sur-
gery, and has repeatedly and successfully performed the
most important capital operations. He is incessantly occu-
pied in attending to the calls and duties connected with an
extensive business, and is to-day one of the leading practi-
tioners of the place. He is a member of the Ohio State
Medical Society, and for a number of years lias officiated as
Secretary of the Highland County Medical Society. His
various contributions to the current medical literature are
characterized by ability and studious research, while his

general as well as his professional attainments are of an
enviable extent and variety. Although a supporter of the
Democratic parly, he has uniformly refrained from taking
any active part in the partisan movements of the day, and
lias neither sought lior accepted any office of a political
nature, llis religious views are not circumscribed by the
doctrines of any particular church. He was married, March
26th, 1S63, to Mary F. Ilarding, of Ripley, Ohio.

NDERWOOD, REV. JOHNSON P., Clergyman,
was born, September 28th, 1824, at Mount Pleas-
ant, Jefferson county, Ohio, of American parent-
age, his father being a native of Virginia, while
his mother was a Pennsylvanian by birth. lie
received but a limited education in his native
place, and after leaving school commenced to earn his live-
lihood on a farm, devoting his evening and other leisure
hours to study, lie is indebted to the Friends for his early
training, and for the assistance they rendered him in quali-
fying himself to become a minister of the gospel. He is
now a clergyman of the African Methodist Episcopal
Church and also Secretary of the conference, to which he
was elected, in Detroit, August 28th, 1858. He had charge
of the Wylie Street African Methodist Episcopal Church of
Pittsburgh in 1865, in which year also he held a great
revival meeting, during which the membership was greatly
increased. He was subsequently assigned to the pastorship
of the church in Xenia, where he met with the same success
in building up the congregation over which he was appointed
to minister, not only spiritually, but literally, as the new
edifice erected during llis ijieumbency was far superior to
the original structure, and its worth is estimated at twelve
thousand dollars, lie also was pastor at one time of the
congregation in Columbus, and the church building there
was planned and designed by him. At present he is pastor
of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Cleveland.
In political belief he is a sterling Republican, lending all
his influence to the success of that party. He was married,
1850, to Henrietta M. Clanton, of Virginia.

EWIS, BUSH ROD HAMILTON, Lawyer, was
horn, August 1st, 1839, in the town of Jefferson,
Madison county, Ohio, and is a son of George W.
Lewis, a farmer, and grandson of Philip Lewis,
one of the early settlers of the county, who
assisted to lay out the town, and who represented
the district in both houses of the General Assembly of the
Slttle. lie first attended school in West Jefferson, and sub-
sequently became a student in the London High School,
where he remained until he attained the age of eighteen
years. He then passed a year as clerk in a warehouse in

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JilOGRAI’IIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5jJ

London, ;uul afterwards taught school fur three terms of
lour months each. During t lie laic civil war lie culislcil in
t lie y 5 1 1» ( > 1 1 it > Volunteer Iiilanlry, August |.|lli, |S(>2, and
was an Orderly Sergeant, and allcrwards Sergeant-Major
<>l lire rej4 i men t . lie served in dial command lor die lull
term of three years, being honorably mustered out in Au-
gust, 1865. In the autumn of the same year he was elected
Sheriff of Madison county, and re-elected in October, 1867,
serving four years in that office. During .this time he was
also Deputy United States Marshal, for Madison county,
under A. Ileickenlooker, Marshal of the Southern District
of Ohio. After his term of service in the sheriffalty had
terminated, he commenced the study of law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar, May 12th, 1872. lie opened an office in
London, and practises his profession in Madison and ad-
joining counties. He was elected in April, 1875, the City
Solicitor of London for a term of two years. 11 is progress
so far in life is entirely due to his own energy and perse-
verance, combined with unremitting patience and industry,
never having received assistance from any quarter whatever,
lie was married, October 141I1, 1875,(0 Nannie, daughter
of A. Dunkin, of London, and granddaughter of Simon Kent,
of Madison county, Ohio.

HERMAN, JOHN, United States Senator, like so
many other of the representative men of Ohio,
comes of sterling old New England stock, lie is
descended from one of the three Shermans w ho,
in 1634, emigrated from Essex, England, and
settled in the new colony of Massachusetts liay.
One of these three founded the Connecticut branch of the
family, and one of his great-grandsons, who had become a
judge in one of the Connecticut courts, died in i S 1 5 , leav-
ing a son, Charles Robert Sherman. This son was himself
a thoroughly accomplished lawyer, and thinking that the
West oflered better opportunities than the East for success
in his profession, he emigrated to Ohio, and there rapidly
acquired an extensive practice, and in 1S23 became one of
the judges of the Supreme Court. In 1829 he died very
suddenly of cholera, leaving his family in destitute circum-
stances. lie had married young, and at the time of his
death his family consisted of eleven children. One of these
children was John Sherman, now a member of the United
States Senate, and another was William Tecumsch Sherman,
General of the United States Army. John, the eighth child
of the family, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on May loth,
1823. The poverty in which his father’s death left the
family did not prevent his being sent steadily to school at
Lancaster and Mount Vernon, up to the time when he was
fourteen years of age. 1 hen he left school and was sent to
the Muskingum Improvement to become a civil engineer
and earn his own livelihood. There he was placed under
the care of Colonel Samuel R. Curtis, the resident engineer
of the work, and with him he remained two years. These

two years were very valuable to him, for he not only learned
much of the profession that had been chosen for him, but he
familiarized himself with the hums and methods of busi-
ness, and acqitiicd habits of self reliance and industry
wliii It have been invaluable to him in his subsequent
career. I11 1838 the Democratic party came into power,
Colonel Curtis was removed from his position, and John
Sherman was without employment, llis brother, Charles
T. Sherman, since United States District Judge in Ohio, was
then a practising lawyer in Mansfield, and with this brother
the displaced youth commenced the study of law. lie
studied assiduously in this new direction, and made rapid
progress, and by the time his majority was attained he was
qualified to enter upon the legal profession. The day after
he was twenty-one years old he obtained a license to prac-
tise, and immediately entered into partnership with his bro-
ther. He entered at once upon an extensive practice, and
^ rapidly achieved a reputation as an honest, laborious, thor-
1 oughly able and remarkably successful lawyer. His part-
| nership with his brother continued eleven years, and was a
most prosperous one. llis activity in his profession did not
prevent his being equally active in the field of politics, in
which he took an earnest and profound interest. He was
an ardent Whig, and the district in which he lived was
strongly Democratic, so he had no hope of obtaining office,
but without that incentive to move him, he worked indus-
triously and effectively in behalf of his parly. In 1848 and
again in 1S52 he was sent as a delegate to the Whig Na-
tional Convention, and in the latter year was chosen a
Presidential Elector. In 1S54, when the Nebraska issue
came up, he labored earnestly in opposition to the further
extension of slavery, and to build up the political organiza-
tion which soon developed^ into the Republican party.
He accepted a nomination for Representative in Congress
from the Thirteenth Ohio District, and was surprised to find
himself elected, lie entered the House of Representatives
of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and there commenced the
career which is so widely and familiarly known throughout
the country as to hardly need recapitulation. He proved
himself to be specially fitted for the duties of the position in
which he had been placed, lie was laborious in investiga-
tion, patient in dealing with details, cautious and accurate
in drawing conclusions, conciliatory in disposition, yet full
of the “ courage of his opinions,” and fluent and able in de-
bate. In the first session of the Thirty-fourth Congress he
was a member of the Kansas Investigating Committee, and
it was he who prepared the memorable report presented by
the committee to the House and to the country. At the
close of the session the Republican members of the House,
through his influence, adopted the amendment to the army
bill, denying the validity of the slavery-exlending laws of
Congress, and he wrote an address to the people of the
country, elaborating the principle contained in that declara-
tion. Mr. Seward and other senators dissented from it,
and the doctrine was not promulgated, lie took an active

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534

BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCI.OP/E DIA.

part in llio contest over the Eecompton Constitution and the
English liill in the Thirty-fifth Congress, anil m ule many
speeches full of power ami loice. He served as Chairman
of the Natal I nvcslig .it iny; Committee, which exposed the
complicity ol liuehanati and Toueey in the actions ol the
propagandists of slavery ; and he made a speech upon the
public expenditure,' which tvas widely circulated as a cam-
paign document. The contest for Speaker which marked
the opening of the 1'hirty-sixth Congress was a most mem-
orable one. lie was the candidate of the Republicans, and
his election was violently opposed by the Southern members
because he had signed a recommendation of Hinton Rowan
11 elper’s book, “ The Impending Crisis.” Through a long I
series of ballots he lacked but one or two votes of election ;
but at last, in order to end the “ dead-lock ” and secure an
organization, his name was withdrawn, lie was at once!
made Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and
so became the leader of the House. -Vs chairman of this
committee he distinguished himself by pulling through the
House the Morrill Tariff. In February, 1861, in re ly to
Mr. Pendleton, he made an important speech, displaying a
clear and statesmanlike perception as to the result of the con-
flict that was then being precipitated upon the country, and
predicting the destruction of slavery as one of the results of
that conlliet. He was elected to the House again for the
Thirty-seventh Congress, bill wdien Mr. ( base resigned his
position as United Stales Senator, he was elected by the
Legislature of Ohio to lill the vacancy thus caused in the
Senate, and he has ever since continued to occupy a seat in
that body, lie was placed upon the Committee of finance,
the most important of all the Senate committees, and intro-
duced the National Bank Bill, of which measure, as well as
of the Legal Tender Acts, he had charge on the floor and
in the debates, llis labors were principally confined to
finance and taxation, maintaining credit and providing
money to carry on the war. In January, 1863, lie made a
speech against the continuance of the Stale banking system,
and one in favor of the national banks, both of which were
greatly effective. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he intro-
duced a bill for funding the public indebtedness, but the bill
was mutilated in the Senate and defeated in the House.
In the second session of the same Congress he proposed a
subTilule for the Reconstruction Bill, which finally became
a law’. In the Fortieth Congress he was again Chairman of
the Senate Finance Committee, and in the second session he-
re-ported a new bill for funding the national debt and con-
verting the notes of the United Stales, and supported the
bill in a speech of remarkable power. Eventually the re-
funding act — known as the law of 1870 — under which the
six per cent, bonds are being retired, was passed. Since
1855 he has devoted his attention principally to the solution
of the financial problems presented by the condition of the
nation, and the series of measures he has introduced have
all been designed to strengthen the public credit and to
place the national finances on a permanently sound basis.

One of the most important of these, preparing for the re-
sumption of specie payments in 1879, has been a prominent
topic of discussion during the present (187b) session of
( c ingress.

I

r A NS FI ELD, HON. JARED, Surveyor and
'Teacher, was born in New Haven, Connecticut,
about the year 1759. He was graduated at Yale
* in 1777, and afterwards taught school in his na-
tive city and Philadelphia, llis scholarly attain-
ments becoming known to 'Thomas Jefferson, he
was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at West
Point. About' this time the publication of his “Mathe-
matical and Physical Essays” brought him considerable
reputation, and he took a prominent place among the scien-
tific men of the nation. About the time the Stale of Ohio
was created, President Jefferson appointed him Surveyor-
General ol the Northwestern Territories, to succeed General
Rufus Putnam, lie introduced many improvements in the
mode of effecting surveys by rectangular co-ordinates, which
Subsequently received the sanction of law. He afterwards
resumed Ids position at West Point, where he remained
until a few years previous to his death, w hen he retired to
Cincinnati. He died while on a visit to his native cily,
February 3d, 1830. lie was a man of extraordinary mathe-
matical genius and varied abilities. His character was
pure and his disposition generous and sincere. Dr.
Daniel Drake, of Cincinnati, was his son-in-law. Mans-
field, the county-seat of Richland, laid out in 180S, was
named in honor of him.

States.

lNSI.EY, THOMAS RICHARD, Architect, was
born, August 23d, 1839, in Clonmel, county of
Tipperary, Ireland, and is the sixth son of Wil-
liam 'Tinsley, architect (w hose biographical sketch
appears elsewhere in this volume). He was two
years old w hen his parents removed to the United
Owing to a peculiar impediment lie could not
speak until he was ten years old, and consequently at that
time had not mastered the alphabet. The impediment,
however, totally disappeared. His eaily education was ob-
tained in the common schools of Indianapolis and Cincin-
nati, and in 1862 he went to the Ohio Wesleyan University,
at Delaware, where lie passed but a single year, as his
health had become impaired, llis educational attainments
are self-acquired, he being a home student. He subse-
quently passed some years in his father’s office, qualifying
himself for his future professional career. In the spring of
1870 he was appointed Superintendent of Construction of
the Ohio State Blind Asylum, at Columbus. While still
holding that position, he was, early in 1871, appointed Su-
perintendent ol the great 1'ublic Fountain, Cincinnati. In

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BIOGRAPHICAL KXCYCLOP.KI >1 A.

535

1S72 ho was taken into j >:nt uo-isl 1 i | > with his I'.ithor; this
was shortly allerwards dissolved, and, resigning his position
at the Blind Asylum, lie went to Chicago in August of that
year, and was immediately appointed ( Amend Superintendent
of the McCormick Reaper Works, the largest of its kind in
existence. 'Phis Building was finished in December, 1872.
Having contracted a severe cold, he entertained ideas of
relinquishing his profession and entering some other; but
upon the urgent request of the authorities connected with
the Blind Asylum, he returned to Columbus in June, 1S73,
and was appointed Assistant Architect and Superintendent,
being given full charge of the building and its finances.
During this year, he also had charge of the Ohio State
Library enlargements, etc. lie was appointed, April 13th,
1874, Chief Architect of the Central Ohio Lunatic Asvlum.
This appointment was indeed a success; for he was not yet
twenty live years old, and withal a Republican, yet he was
chosen over more than twenty competitors, by a Demo-
cratic commission, and was confirmed by Governor Allen.
Moreover, this building was made a point of issue in the
campaign between the Republicans and Democrats. At
one of the subsequent great ratification meetings at the State
House, several of the Democratic speakers — one being
General S. h. Cary — paid him the compliment by saying
that “his appointment was owing strictly to the ability,
economy, and enterprise, exhibited by him at the Blind
Asylum.” 1 he Lunatic Asylum is an immense structure,
having a frontage of nearly 1200 feet, and in its construction
requiring well nigh 45,000,000 bricks, is lire -proof, and will
cost, completed, about $2, 250,000. At the time of Mullett’s
removal as United States Architect, Thomas’ name was
favorably mentioned by the Ohio press in connection with
the office. He now has full control of his father’s business,
the latter having retired from active pursuits. Beside his
State office, he carries on his business in both Columbus
and Cincinnati. He now has charge of the new buildings
of the Institution for the Blind, the Stale House improve-
ments, besides other buildings. He was the designer and
author of the steam heating and ventilation plans of the
Lunatic Asylum, the cost of the apparatus being 8 100,000.
He is one of the incorporators and stockholders of the Ohio
Silver Mining and Smelting Company of Utah. He is yet
limn trried.

JUDKINS, \V II .LI AM, M. IT, was born in Guilford
county, North Carolina, Seplcmber 1st, 17SS, and
was consequently in his seventy-third year at the
time of his decease, on June 221I, 1S61. In 1806
he emigrated to Ohio, and at the age of twenty-
two, in 1 8 1 1 , commenced the practice of medi-
cine in Jellerson county, in that Stale. After twenty-one
years of successful practice in that county, he removed to
t incinnati in 1832, where he ever after resided and prac-
Itsed, with the exception of a few months’ residence in the

cmintiy. He was one ol the oldest physicians in the profes-
sion, and few persons had lived longer, uninterruptedly, in
the city. As a physician and surgeon his standing and
reputation were exceptionally high. Lew men in his pro-
fession, probably, possessed .1 clearer and more comprehen-
sive view of diseases, and arrived so readily at a conclusion
with a prompt and simple treatment. He continued his
professional readings to within a few months of his death,
and, unlike most old physicians who entered the profession
early in the century, he was able to advance with the title of
scientific and medical progress, lie was in his last years a
young old man, keeping fully abreast of his age. As early
as 1822 he performed some remarkable surgical operations,
accounts of which were published in the journals of the day.
On account of these he received the degree of M. D. from
Transylvania Medical College, at Lexington, Kentucky.
As medical journals sprang up over the West during his
long professional career, he became a frequent contributor
to their columns, and in every way tried to advance the
cause in which he spent nearly his whole life. He was a
member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, lie was
by birth a member of the Society of Friends, and remained
during his life in that connection, conforming to its customs
in dress and language. His manners were gentle, cour-
teous and pleasing, although his early education was defi-
cient. This deficiency he largely corrected during a long
life of careful reading and study, and came to stand de-
servedly high in his profession, and lived and died a Chris-
tian, universally esteemed. He left five children, two
daughters and three sons. 1 1 is sons, David, Charles l’almcr
and William, arc all practising physicians of Cincinnati.

*

1

KVEREUX, JOHN HF.NRY, Civil Engineer
and Railroad President, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, April 5th, 1832, and is the son of
Captain John Devereux, of the merchant marine,
whose family was one of the first settlers of the
colony of Massachusetts Bay, in New England.
His ancestors were of the aristocracy of England, he being
of the twenty-sixth generation in England and of the seventh
in this country, in a direct line, from Robert de Ebroicis or
Robert D’Evreux, known in history as one of the Norman
conquerors of England of 1066. The subject of this sketch
was educated in Portsmouth Academy, New Hampshire,
and removed to Ohio early in 184N, w hen but sixteen years
of age, and as a civil engineer found employment on the
Cleveland, Cincinnati X Columbus Railroad. After that
road was completed he was engaged on the Cleveland,
Paincsville A Ashtabula Railroad as Constructing Engineer.
From 1852 to 1861 he w'as engaged in Tennessee as civil
engineer, in constructing railroads. He intended to make
the South his permanent home, but the war drove him to

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BIOG RAPllICAl. ENCYCLOPEDIA.

536

the North, as lie could not lie a rebel. I11 the spring of
1862 he was appointed Superintendent of Military Railroads
in Virginia. This was the hardest office to till in the entire
war department. There wete no shops, no tools, cars out
of repair, and enemies constantly destroying the roadbeds,
officers of the army ever ready to find fault, spies and ped-
dlers filling all the trains, and other obstacles too numerous
to mention. Mr. Deverettx at once drove every peddler,
spy ami thief from his lines. Ilis army, of trained em-
ployes had the fullest confidence in his management, and
would at any time and at the greatest peril take a train
through on time. Major-General Meade said he had never
been “so magnificently” served in rations and forage.
Very soon his herculean labors were appreciated by Abra-
ham Lincoln and Edwin M. Stanton, and no power of
“ shoulder-straps” could effect his removal. Stanton’s first
despatch to him at Alexandria, one spring night, not far
from midnight, was : “I low soon could transportation be
upon Maryland avenue, sent from Alexandria, for ten thou-
sand men?” llefore the message was completed on paper,
he gave the reply in three words, “ Within sixty minutes.”
Mr. Stanton was surprised, and expressed his incredulity,
but again telegraphed, “Send them on.” In an instant the
Secretary was surprised by another despatch, “ They are al-
ready on the way.” The headlight of the first engine was then
shining towards Long bridge, and the entire convoy was
upon Maryland avenue within the designated “sixty min-
utes.” In the spring of 1S64 he resigned his position as
Superintendent of Military Railroads, and received the ap-
probation of all with whom he had had business relations.
On his return to Ohio he accepted the management of the
Cleveland A Pittsburgh Railroad, and was its Vice-President
and General Superintendent for five years. In [866 he was
made Vice-President of the Lake Shore Railroad Company,
and soon after was made its President. When all the lines
were consolidated between Buffalo and Chicago, under the
name of Lake Shore A Michigan Southern Railroad Com-
pany, he was appointed General Manager, and had execu-
tive control of this great line, with its important branches
and leased connections. In )une, 1875, he accepted the
position of President of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin-
nati A Indianapolis Railroad Company, and in the same
year was elected President of the Atlantic & Great Western
Railroad Company, holding both positions ; and at the same
time was President of other railroad companies whose lines
formed part of the system of the larger companies under
his direction. When he accepted the presidency of the
Atlantic A Great Western Railroad, it was nearly bankrupt
though mismanagement. He endeavored to regain that
which had been lost, but was unable under its financial
management, and in the first of the year 1875 he resigned
the positions of President and Director and was appointed
its Receiver. All parlies were entirely satisfied with this
appointment, for they knew his were sale and honorable
hands. In the spring of 1875 he was again elected Presi-

dent of the Atlantic A Great Western Railroad Company,
and is actively engaged in the duties of his official positions.
He has never been a politician, but before the war made
speeches in Tennessee for the Union. Twice he has been
tendered a nomination to Congress, but declined. He is
an active member of the Episcopal Church. In i860 he was
elected Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Ma-
sonic Council of Tennessee, which shows how high he
ranks in the Masonic order. In 1853 he married Antoinette
C. Kelsey, daughter of Hon. Lorenzo A. Kelsey, former
Mayor of Cleveland, and has four children.

I UCKLAND, IION. RALPH I’OMEROV, Law-
yer, was born in Ley don, Massachusetts, January
1 2th, 1 81 2. He is the son of Ralph P. buck land,
born at East Hartford, Connecticut, and Ann
Kent, born at Middletown, in that Stale. His
father went to Portage county, Ohio, in rSlo,
as a surveyor. The senior backhand was a soldier in the
war of 1812, and surrendered at Detroit with Hull’s army.
Phe family moved to Portage county in the spring of 1813,
where the father soon died. 'Phe subject of this sketch at-
tended common anti academic schools, and passed the
scholastic year of 1834-35 at Kenyon College, Ohio. Before
he had completed his education he went down the Missis-
sippi to Natchez, and from there to New Orleans, in charge
of a llatboat loaded with flour. He was for some time em-
ployed as a clerk in the cotton house of Harris, Wright &
Co. After leaving Kenyon College he began to read law
with Gregory Powers, Esq., at Middlebury, Ohio, finish-
ing his course in the office of Whittlesey A Newton,
at Canfield. In the spring oP 1837 he was admitted to the
bar. On the 1st of June, 1837, he opened a law office at
Lower Sandusky (now Eremont), where he soon acquired a
large practice. I11 January, 1838, lie was married to Char-
lotte Houghton, of Canfield. Mr. backhand took a deep
interest in political affairs, being a Delegate to the Whig
National Convention of 184S. In 1855, and again in 1S57,
he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, in which position he
performed faithful service for his constituents and his State,
lie entered the army in January of 1862 as Colonel of the
72d Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was
commandant of Camp Chase in Eebruary, 1862. He com-
manded a brigade in Sherman’s army at the battle of Shiloh,
in April of 1S62, and in Grant’s Mississippi campaign, in
December of the same year, he led an expedition against
honest in West Tennessee, and commanded a brigade in the
campaign and siege of Vicksburg. For valiant service in
the field he was commissioned a brigadier, and at the close
of the war w'as commissioned a Major-General. Ilis gallant
bearing at the head of his brigade in the siege of Vicks-
burg attracted special attention, lie commanded the dis-
bict of Memphis in |S6.|, and repulsed Forrest’s altaek oil
the ciiy of Memphis. In this year lie was elected to Con-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.FDIA.

537

gless, In in” re-elected ill 1 866. While in Congress lie was
a member of the Committee on Banking ami ( uirency.
In 1869 lie was appointed by Governor Hayes a member
of | he Board of Managers of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors’
( >1 pilaus’ Home, lie served as 1’residenl ol l lie Hoard lor
four years. Since l lie war Hernial Buckland lias resided
at bis old home, Fremont, Sandusky county. In the winter
of 1875 lie made the tour of the West Indies in the sailing
yacht “ Tarolinto,” as the guest of the owner, Henry A.
Kent, of New York, in company with Judge kanney and
Dr. Streeter, of Cleveland, sailing over 7000 miles and
touching at the islands of Barbadoes, Trinidad, Grenada,
Martinique, Santa Cruz, St. Thomas, I’orlo Rico, St.
Domingo, Jamaica and Cuba.

I ARCS, CAR I., Professor of Music, was born, Oc-
tober lath, 1823, in Schurgart, Silesia. He was
sent to school in Oppeln at the age of six years.
In 1S33 he entered the Gymnasium and began
the study of music. In 183S he went to Bireg,
to receive instructions on the organ under Pro-
fessor Forster, and in vocal music under Professor Fisher.
From 1S41 to 1S44 he studied thorough bass under l’rolessor
Hesse, and received instructions on the piano-forte under
Professor Richter, at the Royal Seminary in Breslau. In
1844 he entered the Royal School of Architecture, lie
was about to stand his examination for Royal Architect
when the revolution of 1848 disturbed the country and
obliged him to come to America, where he landed in May,
1849. lie purchased a farm near Saginaw City, Michigan,
and devoted his leisure hours to training a singing society
of forty-five male voices. In 1851 Professor Hants con-
ceived the idea of organizing a concert troupe, in connec-
tion with a friend, Mr. Dickmann. Professor Bants went
to Cincinnati and Mr. Dickmann to New York to secure
talent. The former found an engagement to keep him in
Cincinnati and the latter met with equal good fortune in
New York, and that put an end to the concert troupe
project. Professor Barns’ first engagement in Cincinnati
was as Leader in the German Theatre. In 1S52 he was
employed as Leader of the Germania I.iedertafel and Di-
rector of the Turner Singing Society. In 1856 he took the
Leadership ol the Philharmonic Society, composed of forty-
live skilled musicians who performed the symphonies of the
lust composers. In 1858 he accepted the Leadership of
the Cincinnati M.vnncrchor, and played in concert and
opera besides. In the following year lie became Director of
the new Orpheus Society, which at first performed in opera
and then devoted itself to classical concerts. He organized
the "liar ’mimic Society, composed of Americans, in i860,
which under his leadership produced the most popular of
the oratorios. In addition to Ins oilier labors Prolcssor
Barns led the singing festivals ol all the societies in the
(18

West, viz. ; at Canton, in 1854; at Indianapolis, in 1858;
at Lafayette, in 1859; at Terre Haute, in 18(10; at Colum-
bus, in 1865; and again at Indianapolis, in 1867. He has
been organist in the Jewish Temple on PI 11 in stieet, Cin-
cinnati, performing a like service in several Christian
churches in that city. Since 1858 he has been Professor
of Music in the Wesleyan College.

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AMNITZ, JOSIAII Ul'TDEGRAFF, Engineer,
•was born, April 4th, 1815, at Wheeling, Virginia,
of German parentage. Earlv in life he went to
Gallipolis, where lie received as fair an educa-
tion as could be obtained in the schools of that
place. He lived at home and was variously em-
ployed until 1834, when he started out to make his own
way in the world. Starting with a natural inclination for
mechanical pursuits, he had acquired considerable valuable
knowledge of machinery by close observation. He was
thus tilted to accept an opening which offered at Cincin-
nati, where lie engaged as Second Engineer of the steamer
“ Potomac.” Without any apprenticeship or previous train-
ing he entered upon his new duties and discharged them
satisfactorily. For a period of four years Mr. Camnitz was
employed as Second Engineer on different steamboats. In
1S38 he became Chief Engineer of the steamer “ Dayton.”
lie ran on the Ohio continuously for several years, until he
became well known as a trustworthy engineer and had ac-
cumulated some means. There came a time when business
on the Ohio was slack, and Mr. Camnitz thought he saw a
good opening on the Miami canal. A few months demon-
strated his error, and he returned to the river, soon securing
a good situation as engineer. During his long career Mr.
Camnitz has boated on every navigable stream, except the
Kentucky, from Pittsburgh to the mouth of the Mississippi.
During the war he was Captain of the “ Peerless,” which
lay in Mobile bay on the day of President Lincoln’s assas-
sination. After the declaration of peace Captain Camnitz
returned to Pittsburgh and bought the “ Nymph No. 2,”
with which he engaged in the Mobile trade. In an ex-
perience of forty years Captain Camnitz had not a single
accident by w hich human life was sacrificed or placed in
jeopardy. This w'as the result of care, sobriety and skill
in the days when the gauge-cock, safety-valve and old-
fashioned supply-pump had not yet given way to the im-
proved steamboat engines of modern construction. 1 he
fame of this experienced engineer anil boatman went up
and down the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi, and
in 1874 he was called to an easier life. The directors of
Long View Asylum, regarding him as well for his care as
his skill, appointed him Engineer at that institution, lie
now holds that position, and is as active in the discharge
ol his duty as when he lirsl laid hold ol a valve. In 1840
he niairicd II. Jane Lytle, of Lebanon, Ohio. In l8(>; he

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53S

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLO P/EDI A.

married his present wife, Mrs. Mary K. Sutherland,
daughter of diaries Oscar Tracy, a prominent lawyer
of Portsmouth, Ohio.

f'EI LEBUSII, CLEMENS, Wholesale Jeweller,
was born, December I Sill, 1832, in the village
of Boeringhausen, near Damme, in the southern
^ Co jl* part of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Ger-
3 many, and is a son of Hermann and Elizabeth
1 1 ellebusli. 1 1 is father, as well as his two elder
brothers, were school teachers, the former having followed
that calling for over half a century. From these he re-
ceived a good German education, and when fifteen years
old concluded to seek his fortunes in the United States,
whither his brother Frank had already preceded him, and
was at that time teaching a school in Cincinnati. On his
arrival in the latter city he joined his brother, with whom
he remained a year in the capacity of pupil and assistant
teacher; he also learned music, his brother being a cele-
brated composer, and for thirty years organist in the Church
of the Mother of God, in Covington, Kentucky. Clemens
was also educated w ith a view of becoming a teacher, but
he elected to enter into mercantile pursuits. When seven-
teen years old he entered the house of Messrs. Storch &
Co., Cincinnati, where he remained nine months, and then
obtained a situation as clerk in the diy-goods house of J.
].. Boutellicr, the largest retail house on Fourth street.
He there occupied the responsible position of cashier.

handling large sums of money daily, the duties of which he
performed to the entire satisfaction of his employer. lie
here acquired a knowledge of business which has been of
great advantage to him throughout his career ; but the
wages he there received did not appear to him enough
compensation for the services he rendered, and at the end
of eighteen months he entered the jewelry house of Theo-
dore Ookamp, who had recently started in the wholesale
trade. In about four years after his employment com-
menced the proprietor died, leaving the business in the
hands of his brother, Clemens Oskamp, who gave to
Clemens llellebush an interest in the business under a
contract which had live years to run ; and, at the expiration
thereof, renewed the said contract for another term of five
years, and increased his interest to one-third of the profits.
At the expiration of the second term of live years of the
partnership, having now been fourteen years connected
with the house, lie saw other fields in which he could
better bis condition and build up a business of his own, and
which he thought, in the end, would be more profitable,
and certainly pleasanter. Accordingly, not only from his
own conviction, but acting on the advice of his friends, and
also upon the solicitations of the many customers which he
had made, he opened, in January, 1866, a wholesale jew-
elry house at the northeast corner of Pearl and Main
streets, where he yet remains and where his business has

steadily increased from year to year, until, for the past
three years, he has surpassed all others in the same line,
not only in the city, but west of the Alleghenies. It has
been a matter of surprise and astonishment to importers
and manufacturers in the East that Ins business has grown
to such enormous proportions, lie employs no travelling
agents, but relies upon strict integrity and honorable deal-
ing as the best advertisement; a customer once secured,
rarely ever leaves him. lie has effected arrangements with
the manufacturers by which he monopolizes his own
specialties in articles of jewelry, silver and plated ware; so
that the same patterns cannot be found in any other house.
He also has special contracts for the celebrated Seth Thomas
clocks and the Longine watch, lie is also constantly in
the receipt of large importations of French clocks and other
goods from Paris, and also from Pforzheim, the most ex-
tensive jewelry manufacturing place in Baden, Germany,
lie employs a large number of first-class jewellers, who
manufacture to his own taste and design the greater portion
of his domestic goods, and w ho do work to order, such as
setting diamonds, also solid gold and silver work. During
the past year his sales amounted to $325,000; and are in-
creasing at the rate of £25,000 per annum. His residence
is at Walnut Hills, one of the most beautiful suburbs of
Cincinnati, and is surrounded with large grounds, five acres,
elegantly laid out, the value of this property being over
£50,000. lie is also the owner of other real estate in Cov-
ington, Kentucky, his former place of residence, which is
also worth over £50,000. He was prominent as one of the
Building Committee and also as Trustee in the erection of
the beautiful edifice on Sixth street, Covington, called the
Church of the Mother of God, which is built after the style
of St. Peter’s Church, Rome, and is one of the finest eccle-
siastical structures in the Western country; and great credit
is due him for the assistance he rendered Rev. Father Fer-
dinand Kuehr, as well as the congregation, for the interest
he manifested in its erection. From the foregoing remarks
it will be seen that he is the architect of his own fortunes,
emphatically a self-made man; and no one in the com-
munity is more respected and no business man stands
higher than himself. He was married in Cincinnati, May
8th, 1855, to Elizabeth Speeker, and is the father of eleven
children, ten of whom arc living.

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RKENBRECKER, ANDREW, Starch Manufac-
turer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born at Ileilgcrs-
dorf, near Saxe-Coburg, Bavaria, July 4th, 1821.
He enjoyed the best educational advantages until
he emigrated to the United States with his father,
Henry Erkenbrecker, his mother and sister Mary.
They landed at New York, July iSth, 1836, and thence
proceeded westward; after a journey of four months they
reached Cincinnati, and there settled on the farm of Major

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I

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

539

Daniel Gaw, near Carthage, the whole family being em-
ployed at twenty dollars per month. With the aid of Mrs.
Tiley and daughter, who resided at the farm, Andrew set
about the acquirement of a knowledge of the English lan-
guage; and, having attained some proficiency, moved to
Cincinnati and entered the store of John Myers, a candy
manufacturer, on Main street. lie subsequently served as
clerk in the old Mansion House, and afterward in the
grocery store of Charles Remelin, on Fifth street, opposite
the present site of the Fountain Boulevard. By rigid
economy he had saved from his earnings an amount suf-
ficient to enable him to embark in business on his own ac-
count in 1S43. He took a small mill on Lock street, near
Fifth, where he commenced the manufacture of flour, feed
and pearl barley, to which he soon added starch ; in the
latter branch he only consumed about thirty bushels of
grain per day, the product being entirely consumed in the
home retail trade. As necessity required he increased the
capacity of his works, and finally, in 1851, erected a factory
at Morrow, on the Little Miami Railroad, capable of con-
suming one hundred bushels of grain per day. This quan-
tity was increased with the demand, having reached three
hundred bushels per day, when the building with all its
contents was destroyed by fire, April 13th, 1S60. lie thus
lost the greater portion of the accumulations of years of in-
defatigable labor; but, nothing daunted, he set about a
reparation of his loss. Purchasing the site of his present
works, upon which there then stood an old starch factory,
he resumed operations, lie had given years of study and
patient labor to the perfection of his work, and in April,
1S66, commenced the erection of his present capacious fac-
tory, which is built upon plans which have been the results
of diligent research, and upon the various features of which
he holds patents. It is four stories in height, with a front-
age of 201 feet on the Miami canal and an average depth
of 165 feet. It has a capacity for the production of about
22 tons of starch per day, which consumes about 2000
bushels of corn. Of the internal arrangements, which are
most complete, the most noteworthy are the tanks of stone
anil cement, which have entirely superseded all wooden
vessels as receptacles of the starch in a fluid slate. All the
unloading is done by means of elevators patented by him.
In addition to the building above mentioned capacious
warehouses have been added, as required. A switch from
the railroad, together with the canal, affords abundant
facilities for transportation. The goods are shipped direct
to all parts of the world, without intermediate handling by
agents, an average of about fifteen thousand boxes being
shipped monthly to foreign countries. The factory took
the Medal of Progress, as the model factory of the world, at
the Vienna Exposition, in 1873; also the highest medal
for starch over one hundred and forty-nine competitors.
Though engrossed in business affairs, he Iras given lime to
the furtherance of the public interests. He originated the
Cincinnati Acclimatization Society, in 1871, which has

for its object the introduction to this country of all useful,
insect-eating European birds, as well as the best singers;
and to see to it that the imported as well as the domestic
birds have a better protection against the attacks of heart-
less men and thoughtless boys ; that the shooting of useful
birds be prevented and the destruction of birds’ nests be
stopped, with all legal means at the disposal of the society.
Of this he has been President since its organization. In
1873 he organized the Zoological Society of Cincinnati, a
joint stock company, which has for its object the establish-
ment and maintenance of a zoological garden at Cincinnati,
and the study and dissemination of a knowledge of the
nature and habits of the creatures of the animal kingdom.
Of this society he is the Treasurer, and to both he has been
a liberal contributor in money and labor, being indefatigable
in his efforts to achieve for them the success they so richly
deserve, lie was married in 1845 to the daughter of John
Myers, of Cincinnati, Ohio; she died in 1S66, and he was
again married in 1S71 to Matilda Cunningham, of Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

?CKERT, IION. THOMAS F., Engineer, Legis-
lator and President of the Western Insurance
Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born near
Alexandria, Campbell county, Kentucky, July
12th, 1809. II is grandparents, George and
Susan Eckert, were natives of Berlin, Prussia,
where the former was a successful and opulent merchant.
Deeming the new world better adapted to the raising of a
family, and to offer greater inducements to capitalists, he
loaded a brig at Hamburg wiNi merchandise and 200,000
bricks, and with his brothers, Leonard and Jacob, and his
sister Susan, sailed for the United States. He landed at
Philadelphia, built a house of his bricks and engaged in
business as a merchant. After some years lie removed to
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he erected the first brick
house, and in it Leonard, the father of Thomas F., was
born. When Leonard was twelve years of age his father
died, leaving a large estate. He and his sister Susan were
left to the care of their mother, who married again in a few
years, and one of the uncles was appointed guardian to the
children. Upon attaining their majority they found a large
part of their property squandered, and were obliged to ap-
peal to the courts for the possession of what remained.
After the accomplishment of this and the marriage of both
they left Lancaster to seek a home in the West. Leonard
married Mary, daughter of Colonel William Cheshire, the
revolutionary hero, who was killed by the fall of a tree
while on duty near Bunker Hill. She was first cousin to
Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President of the United Stales
under Van Huron, who killed Tecumseh, and sustained the
same relation to Daniel Boone, the distinguished Kentucky
pioneer, its well as to General Squire and Elijah Grove,

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540

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

distinguished officers of the war of 1S12. Stic was the' step-
daughter of John Nornavill, Washington's patriotic drum-
liiajor, who, though ait Englishman by birth, warmly cs-
potisctl the cause o( the colonics, ami liualiy ilicil, alter
years of suffering, from wounds received at Hunker llill,
having declined to receive any pension, saying, “ Gentle-
men, I did not light for money ; we have accomplished
what we fought for; 1 am well paid.” The party left Lan-
caster, June 2d, 17S9, and with a single wagon and four
pack-horses journeyed westward through an almost un-
broken forest. Arriving at Fort Pitt ( Pittsburgh), August
1 7th, they sold their horses and wagon, and having pur-
chased and fitted up a family boat, which they named the
“ Little Mary,” started with a party of eight, comprising the
families of Leonard Eckert, Daniel Peck and Daniel Light,
down the Ohio, October 121I1. They floated slow ly down
the river, occasionally grounding, until they reached the
mouth of the Sun Fish, below Wheeling, October 2S1I1 ;
they were there attacked at sunset by a party of Indians in
eight canoes; the savages were gallantly repulsed at the
first onslaught, with the loss of two of their number, but
soon returned to the attack, which they kept up until near
midnight, when they were finally driven oil, the darkness
precluding a knowledge of their loss in the final repulse.
Other hostile Indians freijuently gave chase, but w ere, by a
shot or two, put to flight. They landed at Marietta, w hence,
after a few days’ rest, they proceeded to their destination,
“ Limestone Old Fort” (Maysville, Kentucky), where they
arrived on Christmas eve, ami w’ere warmly welcomed.
Leonard Eckert and Daniel Peck entered land back of
Maysville, and laid out the town of Washington, Fleming
county. After two years’ residence they sold this property,
Peck entering land farther back in the same county, where,
with his wife Susan, he raised a numerous family and lived
to a good old age; the latter reached the age of ninety.
Leonard Eckert removed to Fort Washington (Cincinnati).
After a time he purchased land in Campbell county, where
he lived till his death, in his fifty-fourth year, leaving a wife
and ten children. Thomas’ educational advantages were
limited, being confined to attendance dining the w inter at a
school two miles distant ; but lie laid the Inundation upon
which he has built, by reading and practical study, mitil he
is recognized as a most thorough and systematic business
man. He moved to Cincinnati on his fifteenth birthday,
ostensibly for a visit, but really to seek an opportunity for
an indulgence of bis taste for mechanics, lie engaged as
an apprentice with Loader A Demint, then the largest
engine builders wesl of Pillsburgh, and soon became a
skilful workman. 1 1 is residence now stands on the spot
then occupied by their works. After Ihe expiration of his
term of apprenticeship he entered the finishing shop of
Green A I latch, where he assisted in the lilting out of a
large number of boats, including the “ Robert Fulton,"
“Crusader,” “Amulet,” “ Native,” “ Fairy” and “ Walter
Scott,” on the latter of which he engaged as engineer, lie

left Cincinnati with Captain Fay, despite the opposition of
his friends, May 2S1I1, 1S2S, to enter upon the St. Louis
and New Orleans trade. On his second and last trip his
boat, which had been lying in poll twelve days, with the
mercury at I to degrees and the yellow fever sweeping oil
over four hundred per day, left New Orleans, September
1st, so densely crowded by those fleeing Irom the scourge
as to leave scarcely standing room. During the fearful run
which follow ed, the dead and dying were put ashore at
almost every landing, and when they reached the mouth of
the Ohio there were less than fifty souls on board, three
officers, including the captain, five deck hands and four
firemen having fallen victims to the terrible malady. In
August, 182S, he invented a “stop-valve,” in the supply-
pipe for the relief of the pressure of steam on the force-
pump, which has proved very efficacious and valuable,
lie also introduced the use of derricks, now considered an
indispensable part of a boat’s equipment, in 1829. After
the death of Captain Fay he returned to the establishment
of Green & Hatch, where he continued as foreman for two
years. In 1831 lie became engineer of the “ Philadelphia,”
commanded by Anderson Miller, the friend of Henry Clay
and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson. This boat was then
the largest on the Western rivers, being 1S3 feet long, w ith
a carrying capacity of 450 tons. The name of Thomas F.
Eckert had now become widely known among river men as
one of the most skilful engineers and mechanics on the
Western waters, and in the winter of 1832-33, when Colonel
Robert Beveridge, of Florida, took a contract for carrying
the mail three limes a week from Appalachicola to Colum-
bus, Georgia, be selected him to superintend the mechan-
ical arrangements of his six boats. After six months in this
service he was detailed to goVS’cnth to build a new boat;
and, finding the yards and shops at Cincinnati already over-
run, he proceeded to Wheeling, where lie completed his
task in the allotted time, and produced in 1S33 the beauti-
ful steamer “Andrew' Jackson.” At the expiration of the
year he w as commissioned to build the “ Floridian ; ” in it he
had one fourth interest, and ran her a season on the Appa-
huhicola and Chattahoochee rivers. Returning to Cincin-
nati in 1S34 he limit the “Hyperion," which he ran a
season; and then followed the “ Raid |oncs," on the Ohio
and Mississippi rivers, the “President,” “Commodore,”
the second “Raul Jones,” the second “Andrew Jackson”
and the “ Walnut Hills.” lie left the latter in 1852 to
retire to private life, having been engaged in steamboating
twenty-two years, four as engineer and eighteen as captain;
but he was not permitted to remain idle, for the Democrats
elected him to the Slate Legislature in I.S52 by an over-
whelming majority. Among his distinguished services in
that body was his authorship of “The Tell Hour System of
Labor.” After the expiration of his term he was elected
President of the Western Insurance Company, then in ils
infancy, but which, under his management, has taken rank
among the best in the country. To him the city is indebted

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA,

54i

for the magnificent avenue connecting it with Cartilage,
whieli, afte r years ol patient labor, was thrown open to the
public in 1801. Ills public spirit anil iniloinitahle enter-
prise has materially advanced the interests of the city, anil
he has ilone niueh to promote anil perpetuate the river
traile, so essential to the vitality of the mereantile interests
of Cincinnati. During all his river experience he never
lost a life or a dollar by accident, and has persistently used
his influence to make common carriers responsible for loss
of life or property, and thus to insure greater caution and
care in the selection of engineers and the construction of
boilers.

ONES, WELLS S., was born, August 3d, 1830, in
Ross county, Ohio, the third of a family of eight
children. His parents, R. I’. Jones and Nancy
Smith, are both natives of Berkeley county, Vir-
ginia, from which they emigrated to Ohio in her
early history, his father settling on a farm in Pax-
ton township, Ross county, where they still live. He had
the benefit of pious practical training and education, till he
reached his majority, his boyhood being spent on his father's
farm. In the year 1851 he went to .McLean county, Illi-
nois, there following his old avocation, connecting teaching
therewith for about two years, when he returned to his old
home, lie chose the medical profession and at once
entered upon his studies with that energy and assiduity
which characterize all his undertakings. He attended the
Starling Medical College in 1855, and began the practice
of medicine in Jasper, Pike county, in 1856, where he re-
mained only a few months, removing to Waverly, where he
industriously and successfully practised his profession for
one year and a half. Returning to Jasper, he secured a
large and lucrative practice by industry and application.
In the fall of 1861 he entered the service of his country.
Recruiting a full company, he was commissioned Captain,
Company A, 53d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being the first
full company taken to camp from Pike county. His regi-
ment joined t leneral Shci man’s army at Paducah, Kentucky,
in February, lStu. lie was in every engagement in which
his regiment participated, and several battles in which his
regiment was not engaged. He was in the heavy fighting
at Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson, Missionary Ridge,
Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and Jones-
boro’, and was in General Sherman’s famous march to the
sea. General Jones, with his brigade, the 2d, of the 2d
Division, 151I1 Army Corps, made the memorable assault on
Fort McAllister near Savannah. In this engagement he
was wounded by a Minie ball ; disabling him for active ser-
vice about one month'. His gallant bearing before Shiloh
won for him a Colonel’s commission. On the 131I1 of
March, 18(15, he was made a Brigadier General for brave
and meritorious conduct on the field, having been strongly
recommended by both General Sherman and General Logan.

His services earned for him a still higher rank, but owing
to a personal difficulty with Governor Brough, his promo-
tion was prevented. After the grand review in Washing-
ton city, he served with his brigade in Arkansas, and was
mustered out 111 September, 1805, having given four years
to the service of his country, lie returned to civil life
carrying with him the respect and confidence of all who
knew him. Resuming his professional studies he graduated
at Starling Medical College iji 18G6, and took up the prac-
tice of medicine in Waverly, where he now resides. Gen-
eral Jones is strongly identified with the Republican party,
and is a leading politician in his district. In the fall of
1866 he was the candidate for Congress in the Twelfth Dis-
trict. The following year he was the candidate for State
Senator. He was appointed Internal Revenue Assessor of
the Twelfth Congressional District in 1869, which position
he held four years, when the office w'as abolished. While he
is actively engaged in his profession he is also largely in-
terested in mercantile and agricultural business. General
Jones is active in all public affairs that promote the general
good, political, social, or religious. He is a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Socially he is a man of
pleasing address and of unquestioned integrity. By untiring
industry he is making life a success. 1 1 is wife was E. II.
Kincaid, the daughter of William M. Kincaid and Harriet
Prather, who came of early j ioneer families from Virginia
and Maryland.

fMEAD, GEORGE LEWIS, Superintendent of the
Ohio Institute for the Education of the Blind,
was born at Greenfield, Massachusetts, on Janu-
, ary iStli, 1834. 1 1 is early education was received

at the common schools of that day, and such was
his proficiency, that at the age of seventeen he
was qualified as a teacher, and followed that profession
until he was twenty-one years of age, when he entered
Amherst College, at Amherst, Massachusetts. Pursuing the
usual course of studies, he graduated from that institution
in the year 1859. In the fill of the same year he located
in Columbus, Ohio, and engaged as a teacher in the Insti-
tute for the Education of the Blind of that State. July 16th,
1863, Professor Sinead was united in matrimony to Hattie
Wilson, of Francestown, New Hampshire, daughter of
Alexander Wilson, an influential citizen of that place; she
died May 10th, 1870. The position of teacher held by
Professor Sinead for a period of about nine years was filled
with skill and ability, so much so, that when in August,
1868, Dr. A. D. Lord, who had served the institute for a
long period of years, resigned his position as superintend-
ent, Professor Sinead was appointed to fill his place, which
position he has successfully held to the present time. The
Institute for the Education of the Blind is a State establish-
ment, and by reason of its large, commodious, and beauti-
ful building, and the advantages of education it affords to

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542

BIOCRArillCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

lli.it unfortunate class, deservedly ranks as one of the first
in tin: eimnlry. Much of its present standing and pros-
perity is due to Professor George L. Smead, who has
lahored long and faithfully for the unfortunate blind of
Ohio. August 2ylh, 1871, l'rofessor Sinead was united in
matrimony to Sarah E. Emerson, of Erancestown, New
Hampshire.

[UTNAM, JOHN II., Editor, Legislator, and Pri-
vate Secretary to Governor William Allen, during
his late administration, was born, April 3d, 1S35,
in South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio. His
great-grandfather was General Rufus Putnam, who
greatly distinguished himself in the war of the
Revolution, and who afterwards emigrated to the Territory
of Ohio and established the first colony at Marietta. His
grandfather, Judge Edwin Putnam, was the founder of the
town of Putnam, on the Muskingum river, and served in a
judicial capacity for many years. 1 1 is father, General

Rufus Putnam, was a conspicuous figure in the early mili-
tary history of the State, lie was in command of a brigade
of Ohio militia at the commencement of the Mexican war,
and by a vote of his command, tendered its services to the
government, but Ohio’s quota being declared full by the
general government, the offer was not accepted. John II.,
the subject of this sketch, has been in public life from early
youth. A printer by profession, at the age of seventeen he
commenced the publication of a daily paper in Dayton, and
has been almost continuously engaged in his favorite pur-
suit ever since, having published and edited papers at Day-
ton, Greenville, Union City, Gabon, Newark, and Chilli-
cothe. He is now the editor and one of the proprietors of
the Daily Evening Dispatch at Columbus. Although a
Democrat, in 1861, through his paper at Newark, and by
his personal influence, he gave great assistance to the friends
of the war in rallying his political adherents to its support.
He assisted in raising several companies and then took
command of one in person and went into the field, where
lie remained about two years, participating with his regi-
ment, the 31st Ohio, in the Mill Springs campaign, the
siege of Corinth, the campaign along the line of the Charles-
ton & Memphis Railroad, Buell’s memorable march from
Dechard to Louisville, after Bragg, and the five days’ battle
of Stone river. Returning home in the fall of 1863, he
was nominated by the Democrats and elected to the Legis-
lature, and participated in the fiery struggles in that body
during the sessions of 1864 and 1865. Being an apt parlia-
mentarian and a good debater, he at once took a position
as one of the leaders of the body, which he held during the
remainder of his legislative career. At the end of his term
he was renominated and re-elected, serving his Licking
county constituency for the period of four years. During
his second term he moved to Chi 1 1 icolhe, and in the fall of
1871 was nominated by his party to represent the district

composed of the counties of Ross and Highland, in the
State Senate, lie was elected and served his constituency
with such acceptability that he was tendered a renomination,
which he declined. He was largely instrumental in bring-
ing about the nomination of Governor Allen in 1873, and
made the canvass of the State with that gentleman, giving
much assistance in directing the campaign in addition to
his labors on the stump. After the election, Governor
Allen tendered him the position of Private Secretary, which
he accepted and filled in a manner highly creditable to
himself and his chief. 11c was united in marriage, on the
14th of October, 1867, with Ella Gertrude Ewing, of
Chillicothe.

OSECRANS, RIGHT REV. S. II., Bishop of
ColumLus, Ohio, w'as born at Homer, lacking
county, Ohio, on February 5th, 1827. 1 1 is

parents were Crandall and Jane (Hopkins) Rose-
crans, and both came from Wilkesbarre, Penn-
sylvania. His father followed agricultural pur-
suits, and also engaged in contracts for public works. In
the Bishop’s veins flows eminently patriotic blood, his mother
being a granddaughter of Timothy Hopkins, who signed
the Declaration of Independence. He was educated at
Kenyon College, Ohio, and St. John’s, Fordham, New
York, graduating from the latter in 1846. After graduating,
feeling impelled to the priesthood, he went to Rome to
study theology at the Propaganda, where he remained five
years. He was ordained priest in Rome, in July, 1852,
and returned at once to his native land, where he began to
exercise the priestly office at^he Cathedral in Cincinnati.
In the discharge of this duty he continued for ten years,
becoming also Professor of Theology in Mount St. Maiy’s
Seminary, and Editor of the Catholic Telegraph. On
March 25th, 1862, he was consecrated auxiliary Bishop
of Cincinnati, and rendered efficient aid in the administra-
tion of the diocese until 1868. In that year, Columbus
having been erected into a separate diocese, he was trans-
ferred to that city, being installed on March 3d, 1868.
Since entering upon this important charge, he has carried
through many important undertakings, among which may
be mentioned the building of a fine cathedral, at a cost of
about $ 1 50,000, the establishment, in 1S74, of orphan asy-
lums at Pomeroy and Columbus. In 1870 he devoted much
time to the superintendence of the Sisters’ Seminary of St.
Aloysius, designed for higher and theological studies, lie
comes of a Protestant family, but became a Catholic prose-
lyte in 1845, while a student at Kenyon College. 'Phis
it was which led to the transfer of his scholastic alle-
giance to St. John’s, a Catholic institution. His mother
joined the Catholic Church before her death, but his
father did not. General Rosccrans, brother of the bishop,
was converted while a Professor at West Point, and it

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

543

was partly through liis influence that tlic Bishop became a
noopliylo. The Bishop is greatly Beloved ill li is diocese,
and wields a huge iiilluenee for good outside of the pule of
the church.

H^EMPSTEAD, G. S. 1!., A. M., M. D., was born,
June Sih, 1791, in New London, Connecticut
1 1 is father, Giles Hempstead, and. mother, Luerc-
tia Sallonstall, moved to Marietta, Nortlnveslern
Territory, in 1S02. At Marietta, the subject of
this sketch was placed in school, remaining there
until 1S10, when he entered the law office of Governor R.
J. Meigs, studied law one year, and in 1S11 was sent to
the Ohio University. Here he matriculated and entered
the junior class. In 1813 he received the degree of A. li.,
and in the same year commenced the study of medicine
under Dr. John B. Regnier. He remained under the tutor-
ship of Dr. Regnier until the spring of iSlC, when he was
licensed to practise medicine by the Board of Censors under
authority of the State. During 1816 he located four several
times; first at Waterford, between Marietta and Zanesville,
next at Athens, and then at Guyandotte, West Virginia, and
finally settled, in the month of October, at Portsmouth,
Scioto county, Ohio. Here he practised medicine, covering
a territory of thirty-five miles, reaching in all directions ex-
cept south from Portsmouth. Two months before going to
Guyandotte he had travelled through portions of Ohio, Ken-
tucky, Indiana and West Virginia. I11 1S5S, in conse-
quence of declining health, Dr. Hempstead moved to
Hanging Rock, where he remained until 1872. In that
year he returned to Portsmouth, where he has since
made his home. Dr. Hempstead was engaged in full
practice from 1816 to 1 S58, and in a select practice until
1S65. Since then he has only consented to accept the cases
of old patients and personal friends, devoting his time al-
most exclusively to the study of the natural sciences. In
the winter of 1821—22 he attended a course of lectures at
the Medical College of Ohio, receiving the degree of Doctor
of Medicine. In 1S22 the Ohio University conferred on
him the degree of Master of Aits. In 1821 Dr. Hempstead
married Elizabeth Peebles, daughter of John and Margaret
Peebles, by whom he had two daughters and one son, the
latter dying in 1S73.

URPIIY, JOHN, A. M., M. IT, one of the most
distinguished and successful physicians of Cin-
cinnati, was born in Hawkins county, East Ten-
nessee, January 23d, 1S24. He received a liter-
ary education in the old Cincinnati College, and
in April, 1843, began the study of medicine in
the office of Dr. John P. 11 arrison, of Cincinnati. He in
the meantime entered the Medical College of Ohio, and
graduated in the spring of 1846. Immediately after gradu-

ation, he was elected one of the resident physicians to the
Cincinnati Hospital. This position he held one year, and
in 1847 opened his office for private practice. Being very
successful, and wishing to increase his professional knowl-
edge, in 1853 he made a trip to Europe for that purpose.
There he spent nearly two years attending the lectures and
clinics of the most distinguished men of his profession, in
Paris and other medical centres, lie was one of the foun-
ders of the Miami Medical College, of Cincinnati. At the
organization of this institution he was made a member of the
faculty, and Professor of Materia Mcdica. When, in 1857,
the Miami and the Medical College of Ohio were consoli-
dated, he was again elected to the Chair of Materia Medical
On the independent reorganization of the Miami Medical
College, in 1865, he was elected Professor of the Principles
and Practice of Medicine. This position he still holds,
with a degree of popularity to which few medical lecturers
attain. In connection with Drs. George Mendenhall and
E. B. Stevens, lie established and edited the Medical Ob-
server\ and after the union of this journal with the Western
Lancet, he still remained one of its editors. During the
war of the rebellion he was a member of the Board ap-
pointed by Governor Tod to examine candidates for medi-
cal positions in the State regiments. He was also Surgeon
of the Board of Enrolment for the Second District of Ohio,
and for three years Acting Assistant Surgeon in charge of
the Third Street Cincinnati United States Military Hospi-
tal. Dr. Murphy is a member of the medical staff of the
Cincinnati Hospital, member of the Cincinnati Medical
Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the American
Medical Association. His private practice is extensive and
valuable, few medical men of the West occupying a more
enviable place in the confidencb of the people, or more
justly bearing a widespread reputation.

^ULBERT, IIIRAM, was born, September 2d, 1806,
at Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He is the
seventh of eight children born to Elisha Ilulbert
and Cloali Savage. 1 1 is father was a native of
Massachusetts and a farmer. Elisha Ilulbert
emigrated to Ohio in 1810, settling on the Big
Hocking, seven miles from Athens, in the Ohio Company’s
purchase, where he lived until his death in 1S13. Hiram’s
mother u'as also born in Massachusetts and died in 1S13.
The subject of this sketch worked on a farm and attended
school when he could until he was twenty years of age, at
which time he had progressed so far as to be able to spell a
few monosyllabic words. Leaving tlic farm he engaged to
work for Daniel Stewart, on the Hocking, thirteen miles
from Athens — wages, three dollars a month. At the end
of two months his employer thought his services worth more
money, and accordingly advanced his wages to eight dollars
per month. At the end of another month Hiram went on

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544

BIOGRAPHICAL KNCYCI.OlM .1)1 A.

the Ohio river, mul for forty days rowed on a l-eel Boat, at
the rate of nine dollars a month. In the latter part of 1S26
he rowed a heel boat Iron) Cincinnati to the month of the
Kentucky river, making the trip in sixteen days, and re-
ceiving one dollar a day lor his services. Alter this he re-
turned to Athens, attended a common school for about six
months, learning to read, write and cipher as far as the rule
of three. In 1827 young Ilulbcrl went into a grocery store
in Athens, remaining there six months, at three dollars a
month salary. Hut fortune had better things in store, lie
conceived the idea of peddling cluchs about the country,
and immediately set about it. lie was so successful that in
a lew weeks he had made four hundred and fifty dollars
clear of all expenses, in those days a small fortune for a
young man. In this venture he had shown business tact
and caution which attracted the notice of his friends, who
assisted him to start business on his own account. In June,
1830, he opened a store at McArthur, Vinton county. lie
started with a well-selected stock of goods, and immediately
began to do a good business. Since that time he has re-
sided in McArthur, being engaged in business and promi-
nently identified with the material growth of that place.
He was in the grocery and dry-goods business until 1852,
when he became involved in difficulties through his partner,
and about all he had in the world was swept away. Ilis
fiiemls came to hi-> relief, and through their assistance he
was able to buy back his properly. He then went into
the hotel business, carrying on a farm at the same time.
His efforts to retrieve his loss were so successful that, in
1S09, he paid the last dollar of his indebtedness, amounting
to over nine thousand dollars. Mr. 1 lulbert was Captain,
Quartermaster, and Adjutant in the 2d Division of the
Ohio Militia under the old law. He is a Republican, but
lias never sought any office. I’or forty years he has been a
member of the Methodist Church. At the age of three-
score years and ten, and after a life of industry and toil,
Mr. llulbert enjoys the use of his mental and physical facul-
ties unimpaired, lie is a leading and highly respected
citizen of Vinton county.

' C IIAI-.FER, I.OUIS, Lawyer, was born, 1815, in
the Department of Moselle, France, and is a son
of Phillip and Catharine (Loehr) Schaefer. He
was educated chiefly at the public schools of his
native place, but also received much valuable in-
struction front his father, who was a teacher by
profession. He accompanied his parents in their emigra-
tion to the United States in 1830, locating in Stark county,
Ohio. Having selected the legal profession for his future
caieer, lie entered the office of Griswold 8: Grant, counsel-
lors and attorneys-at-law at Canton, in 1840; and after the
usual preparatory course, was admitted to practise in 1842,

and lias since been actively engaged in the duties of his
profession, having succeeded in placing himself among the
leaders of the bar in that vicinity. While he has closely ap-
plied himself to his legal labors, be has aLo found time to
promote the public interests of (.'union in various directions.
Recogni/ing the Glal importance of education, he has been
for many years identified with the Hoard of balneation of
that town, and has devoted much of his time to its public
schools. In 186S the members of the board saw lit to pass
a rule prohibiting any and all religious exercises in the
schools, believing that, as the parents and guardians of the
pupils, as well as the children themselves, were composed
of numerous denominations and creeds, conflicting with each
other in opinion, and as the spirit and intention of the
public-school laws were adverse to the introduction, either
directly or indirectly, of any religious dogmas or views, it
was w ise to leave the same outside of the school room. The
action of the board, which was composed of gentlemen of
various creeds, on this subject, brought forth a protest from
a number of the clergymen in Canton, who requested the
rule to be rescinded. Their petition was respectfully re-
ceived by the board, and replied to, point by point, by
Louis Schaefer, whose sound views on the subject were
unanimously indorsed by the board, and the rule which
emanated from him became a law; and it is but justice to
say that, after years of trial of its operation, the morals of
the children attending the Canton schools will bear com-
parison w ith those of any school in the country, and that by
leaving these tender questions to the parents of the children,
the cause of education has not suffered with any class, and
harmony has prevailed among all. In the establishment of
water works he was the leading spirit. Appreciating the nu-
merous benefits which Cantomwould derive from having good
and reliable water-works, he agitated the matter fur a long
time, and though he met with much opposition from some
who were nut alive to the demands of a growing borough,
he overcame these obstacles, and, on March 27th, 1869, and
in connection with others, he was instructed to proceed in
the construction and completion of the Canton City Water-
Works. This improvement was finished to the credit of the
committee, and the entire approval of the citizens. Owing
mainly to his efforts, several large manufacturing establish-
ments, employing over 600 hands, were added to the indus-
tries of Canton within five years past, lie has also added
to the beauty of the place by the erection of a fine business
block, which includes a first-class Opera House. Aiming,
as he has ever done, to promote the welfare of the com-
munity at large, he enjoys their respect and esteem. He
has been connected with the Hoard of Education for nine
years past, and has served as one of the City Council for
twelve years. In 1866 he was a candidate on the Demo-
cratic ticket for Congress, although, as a rule, he has
eschewed politics. He was married, in May, 1849, to
Catharine Anna, a daughter of Rev. Stephen A. Mealy, of
Savannah, Georgia.

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BIOGKAl’IITCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

545

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AS II, HON. SIMEON, was bom at South Hadley,
CJ.' J I Massachusetts, September 2isl, 1S04. lie was
V I I the son of a millwright, whose wile was of more
f J than cninmoii mind and loree ol character. Out
•A. ' ^ suhjei I received his early education at the district
school near his home, thoroughly grounding him-
self in the elementary branches. During his school days he
was an eager devonrer of books of a solid character, mainly
such as dealt with history. lie was fond of tracing the
marches and battles of armies; among the favorite books of
his early days were Ooulon’s “ History of the War of our
Revolution” and Campbell's ‘‘l.ives of the English Ad-
mirals.” In his efforts to store his mind with useful knowl-
edge he was greatly encouraged and stimulated by his
mother. Having tasted the sweets of learning, he was filled
with a desire for increased knowledge that no obstacle could
repress, lie spared no effort, wasted no time in improving
his mind. He read, digested and put on paper whatever
impressed him as being of value. This plan he has pursued
through life. In the practice of the law he has found this
system of great value, enabling him to analyze and arrange
evidence rapidly, and adding strength to his arguments.
This has made him a ready and ellective speaker, often,
when called upon suddenly to discuss some question, receiv-
ing credit for what appeared to be extemporaneous, but which
was in reality the result of long and intense thought. At the
age of seventeen years he went to Hopkins Academy, in
Old Hadley, where he remained six months, beginning his
immediate preparations for college. In 1825 he entered Am-
herst College, lie had not the means to meet all expenses,
and was therefore obliged to teach school during the winters
of his collegiate life. After graduating at college in 1829,
he returned to South Hadley and remained there two years,
during which time lie read law with the late Edward
Hooker, Esq., and taught part of the lime in a school for
boys at South Hadley. He read law as he did everything,
thoroughly and systematically. Having finished his law
course, he accepted an invitation from the late lion. S. E.
Vinton, a native of South Hadley, to take up his residence
in Hallipolis, ( )hio. lie made the journey from South 1 lad-
ley to Hallipolis by stage, arriving there January 9th, 1S32,
where lie has since made his home. It was necessary to re-
side one year in Ohio before he could be admitted to the
bar, and this year he passed with his friend, Mr. Vinton, to
whom he was indebted for much good counsel, lie was
admitted to practise in April, 1833. There was not a rush
of business when he opened his law office in Hallipolis, and
he had ample time to improve his mind. This he did by
devoting his leisure hours to reading law and miscellaneous
books of value. As he began to gain a little money from
his practice, it was his habit to buy a book and read it thor-
oughly. In this way he has accumulated a law library of
nearly eight hundred volumes, and a miscellaneous library
of over a thousand. While at college Mr. Nash began the
study of French, in which he has since perfected himself, so
69

that he now reads it as readily as he does his mother tongue.
In 1S39 he was a successful Whig candidate for the Slate
Senate, representing his disliicl i11Mh.it body for two .succes-
sive t ci 111 > of two years each. They were stormy years.
I’arty politics ran high and questions ol great moment were
under discussion, among them the tariff and the currency.
The Democrats, under the leadership of Benton, advocated
a currency exclusively of coin. The Whigs, following Clay
and Webster, favored a currency composed of bank notes
and coin. While Mr. Nash was in the Slate Senate the
financial question was fully discussed. By law the charters
of the Ohio banks expired January 1st, 1843, and in the
session of 1S40-41 an effort was made to extend the time
for winding up the banks in order to keep their paper at par
until redeemed. Mr. Nash advocated this policy, and wrote
an elaborate speech in its favor. In the following summer,
after the banks had gone into liquidation, he wrote an article
showing the disastrous results to the people of forced resump-
tion. These two documents were largely circulated in the
summer of 1S42, and were thought to have aided in bring-
ing about a change in the Legislature and in the policy of
the State on the banking question. I11 the session of 1S42
he made a strong speech against the Democratic hard-money
doctrine, thereby adding to his reputation as a financial
economist. At the close of his second term, in 1843, he dc-
dined a re-election, feeling that he could not afford the pro-
fessional sacrifice. In the winter of 1S44 the Legislature
elected him one of a commission of three to investigate the
expenditures on the public works of Ohio, which were then
completed, 'lids preferment came without Mr. Nash’s
knowledge, and it was only at the earnest solicitation of his
friends that he was induced to accept. The investigation
proved to be a laborious work, and lasted from May, 1845,
to January, 1847. Beside two voluminous reports made by
the commission, Mr. Nash prepared a separate report on
the debt contracted in constructing the National road, rec-
ommending a just course to be pursued in paying claims.
The Legislature adopted his suggestion and closed up the
matter. Money, which would otherwise have been lost, was
recovered by the commission, and was more than sufficient
to pay all the expenses of investigation. Mr. Nash was
elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1852,
in which his ripe experience in public affairs proved of great
value. The new Constitution having been adopted, he was
elected Judge of the Third Subdivision of the Seventh Dis-
trict, composed of Gallin, Meigs, Athens and Washington
counties. He went on the bench in February, 1852, and
remained there for ten years, at a salary of £1500 per an-
num. Retiring from the bench he resumed his practice at
the bar. In his early days he practised in the counties of
Lawrence, Gallin, Meigs, Athens, Washington, and occa-
sionally in Scioto and Jackson; now lie limits his practice
mainly to Gallin and Meigs counties, with an occasional
visit to other counties in Ohio and West Virginia. He also
appears in the United States courts at Cincinnati. During

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54(5

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

the years of a busy professional and public life Judge Nash
has found lime lo do a great deal of literary work and legal
reporting. 1 Ie is the author of a digest of the twenty volumes
of the “Ohio Reports,” published by 11. N. Derby in 1853;
of a digest of the lirst ten volumes of the “Ohio Reports,”
published in 1861 by Eollet Foster & Co.; of “ Nash’s Plead-
ing and Practice under the Civil Code," published in 1S56 by
II. N. Derby, of Cincinnati, which van through three editions,
the two latter, with additions, being published by Robert
Clarke, of Cincinnati. In 1875 he rewrote most of his
“ Pleading and Practice,” adding largely lo it, making two
volumes of the work, which was also published by Robert
Clarke &: Co. Judge Nash is the author of a work on
“ Morality and the State,” and has been a frequent con-
tributor to the IVesti'rn Law Jonnial, the H'estern Law
Monthly and other periodicals. In the August number of
the Boston J.aw Monthly of 1864 appnrcd an able article
from his pen on the status of the Southern States before and
after the rebellion. The blessings of constant health and a
well-preserved constitution have enabled Judge Nash to ac-
complish all that we have recounted, and yet retain the full
mental vigor of his earlier days. lie is still in active prac-
tice, and is capable of doing as much work now as ever.
December 161I1, 1S31, he married Cynthia Smith, of Granby,
Massachusetts, who li veo to enjoy with him the result of his
life of toil.

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OCIIRAN, I ION. WILLIAM R„ was born in
Adams county, Pennsylvania, March 17th, 1S11.
His parents were William and Rebecca (Morrow)
Cochran. Ilis mother was a sister of the late
Hon. Jeremiah Morrow, Governor of Ohio from
1S22 lo 1S26; member of the United Slates
Senate from 181 } lo lSty, and Representative in Congress
from 180; to 181 j, and again Irom 1840 to 1843. The
parents of Mr. Cochran immigrated lo Ohio in 1814, settling
in Hamilton county. In 1825 they removed to Butler county,
where their son attended the Miami University, graduating
in the class ol tS;t. It was the singular lelieilyt.il 1 1 1 i s

school, now fallen into obscmily and disrepute, to have
graduated at about this period ol its history a groatei num-
ber ol voting men who achieved a contemporary lame in
the history of their country than any other institution of
learning in the United States. During the period of the
civil conflict, besides several officers of high reputation in
the volunteer army, there were at one time not less than
four Governors of Slates and fifteen members of Congress
who claimed the institution for their Alma Mater. After
leaving school Mr. Cochran read law with the Hon. John
Woods, of Hamilton, and was admitted to the bar in 1834.
He at once began practice in Hamilton, but the failure of
his health soon compelled him lo relinquish all thoughts of
a professional career, and he engaged in farming, at which
he Continued up to 1872, alien he was elected to the ollice

of Probate Judge. He has for ten years been the Secretary
of the Butler County Agricultural Society, and also a mem-
ber of the Democratic Central Committee.

OIINSTON, WILLIAM S., one of the early and
successful business men of Cincinnati, was born in
Middletown, Connecticut, March 13th, 1791, and
died at Lake Forest, Illinois. lie received a fine
education, and with fair prospects started for the
West, lie located in Cincinnati, where he lived
for nearly fifty years. Soon after his arrival in that city he
began business as a dry-goods merchant, and was very suc-
cessful. But in a few years lie abandoned mercantile pur-
suits entirely, and devoted his attention to investments in
real estate, lie made large purchases in Covington, Ken-
tucky, and in the western parts of Cincinnati ; and when
Chicago first began to attract attention as presenting fine
opportunities for real estate speculations, he invested largely
there. In his various real estate investments of thirty or
forty years ago, Mr. Johnston displayed rare judgment and
foresight. He acted on the principle that the time to sell
was when others wanted to buy, and the time to buy' was
when everybody wanted to sell. But as a rule he was a
buyer. He believed that money in real estate in growing
Western cities would, in the end, yield a larger return than
if invested in any other species of property; so that, in
times of commercial revulsion or temporary depression in
pi ices, he would never sacrifice his real estate. The result
showed his wisdom. Most of his investments were in
Chicago, which, from a struggling village of three thousand
inhabitants, in his time became a proud metropolis. Cin-
cinnati, too, has increased more than ten-fold in population
and value of properly since Mr. Johnston began his career
in the West. Many years ago he owned the properly on
which the Grand Hotel of Cincinnati ' now stands ; and the
greater part of his life in that city was spent with his family
in the old homestead on the southwest corner ol Fourth and
Vine streets, now the Custom House property. In 1825 he
became a member of the Cincinnati Water Company, which
was composed of William Greene, John 1\ Foote, George
Graham, D. B. Lawler and himself. He retained his
membership and interest in the stock of, the company
for fifteen years. Finally, after a long negotiation, the
water works were sold to the city in 1840, on the most fa-
vorable terms to the people, the company operating the
works one year free of charge. This property is worth now
nearly twenty-fold more than the city paid for it. Mr.
Johnston was concerned in most of the business and social
movements of his limes, and in a very wide sense was one
of the pioneers of the West. Few men were more generous
and princely in their gifts and charities, and none were
ire iiulilleicnt to public recognition. Among the early

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVED1 A.

547

founders of the commerce and prosperity of Cincinnati, he
will ever hold a prominent place. 1 1 is advanced age at the
time of hii death attests his exceptionally good personal
habits, and his long life of business successes was marked
by the strictest honor and integrity in all his dealings with
his fellow-men. In 1821 he was married to Clarina Bartow,
of West Chester, New York. From this union five chil-
dren remain — two sons and three daughters : William, who
lives in Chicago, was married to Jane Butterfield; Samuel,
a bachelor, also resides in that city ; Cornelia married
Simeon B. Williams; Kmily married Robert L. Fabian,
and Augusta married Horatio G. Shumway, a prominent
lawyer of Chicago, and after his death she was married to
Henry D. Huntington, one of the most respected and suc-
cessful retiled business men of Cincinnati.

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£RIMKE, HON. FREDERICK, Lawyer, Jurist
and Author, was born, September 1st, 1791, in
the city of Charleston, South Carolina, lie com-
pleted his education at Yale College, graduating
in the class of 1810, and subsequently studied law.
lie removed to Ohio in his early manhood, and
engaged in the practice of his profession. He subsequently
served for several years as Presiding Judge in one of the
circuits of that State. In 1836, without any solicitation on
his part, he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court,
which position he held for the next seven years, discharging
his duties with ability and indexible integrity. He pub-
lished a work entitled “Considerations upon the Nature and
Tendency of Free Institutions ” (Cincinnati, 1848), and
“An Essay on Ancient and Modern Literature.’’ lie left
a fund to his executor to provide for the publication of a
collection of his various writings in two volumes, lie died
in Chillieothe, Ohio, March Slh, 1S63.

^rKITZGERALD, 1ION. JAMES W., Lawyer, was
(yfJJ born at Queenstown, Ireland, February 15th,
. '2) I > 1 S3G. lie attended the schools of his native city,

and was a student of the college at that place
when he embarked for Canada in 1851. He re-
mained in Quebec until the fall of 1S53, when he
removed to Cincinnati, where he became a clerk in a grocery
store. In 1854 he engaged as bookkeeper for the well-
known marble firm of Charles Rule & Co., at Fifth and
Broadway, and entered upon a systematic course of reading
and study, devoting much of his spare time to the law. He
began the grocery business on his own account in 1861, but
still pursued his studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1864.
lie at once engaged in politico in Cincinnati, where lie has
continued to the present time, except as interrupted by
official duties, being especially devoted to the criminal

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branch, for which he is eminently qualified by his native
genius and quick perception. His public career began by
his election to the City Council in 1861, when only twenty-
live years ol age, and, except for a brief period, he has since
been a member of that body by successive re-elections. He
was elected County Commissioner of Hamilton county in
1864, and in 1S68 was elected a Representative in the State
Legislature, lie was elected President of Council in the
spring of 1869, and was confirmed as Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney of Hamilton county in the fall following. Under
the new law he was elected President of the Board of Coun-
eilmen in 1872; served as Vice-President of the same body
in 1874, and was re-elected President in 1875. That was
his seventh term in Council, and he has served the city in
that body for a longer period than any one of the seventy-
two members of which the Council is composed. His pres-
ent prominence and influence may be attributed to the early
political training he received from his employer, Charles
Rule, who was one of the prominent Democratic politicians
of the West. He was the nominee of the Democratic party
for Police Judge in 1875, and few men of his age have
received more marks of the confidence and esteem of his
party and the general public.

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[OORIIES, RICHARD M., Lawyer and Soldier,
was born, October 6lh, 1838, in Harrison county,
Ohio. 1 1 is parents were both natives of Pennsyl-
vania, his father being a farmer by occupation,
lie received his preliminary education in the
Normal School at Hope-dale, and also attended
the Damascus, Ohio, AcademyVnlil he was nineteen years
old. He then taught school in Holmes county for two terms,
reading law in the vacation with the firm, of Barcroft &
Voorhes, of Millersburg, and was admitted to the bar in that
town July 61I1, i860, lie commenced the practice of his
profession during the same month, being associated with
Thomas Campbell, of Coshocton, and so remained until
Apiil 15th, 1861, the dale of President Lincoln’s proclama-
tion calling for 75,000 men to suppress the rebellion. He
was the first person to sign enlistment papers in Coshocton
as a private, and was assigned to Company A, 16th Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was also among the first
body of troops that crossed the Ohio river iiuo Virginia,
acting as Orderly Sergeant. These troops were under the
command of General McClellan, lie was mustered out of
the service in August, 1861, and on his return home re-
enlisted in the three years’ service, October 28th, 1861, as a
private in Company F, 56th Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel
Charles Marker. On November 6th following he was
elected First Lieutenant, and on the 30th of the same month
was promoted to the rank of Captain, 1 le was subsequently
transferred to the United Stales service, being commissioned
by President Lincoln, and served until November, 1865.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

lie was an active participant in the battles of Pittsburgh
Landing (or Shiloh), Corinth, Mississippi, Perry ville, Ken-
tucky, and Stone River, Tennessee. In litis latter engage-
ment he was wounded in the hip, which disabled him Ironi
active service in the Held, lie was appointed Postmaster
of Coshocton in 1867 by President Johnson, and held that
position until 1S69. lie was elected, in 1S68, Prosecuting
Attorney of Coshocton County, and re-elected in 1S70,
holding that position for four years. In December, 1875,
he was admitted to practise in the United States Courts of
Ohio. lie has been a zealous and consistent member
of the Presbyterian Church since July, 1866. He was
married, November 27th, 1862, to Georgeanna, second
daughter of Washington Burt, of Coshocton, and is the
father of two sons.

EWIS, IION. EDWARD C., M. D., Senator from
the Eighteenth District to the Sixty-second Gen-
eral Assembly of Ohio, was horn in Holmes
county, Ohio, December 26th, 1S38. He is the
son of William Lewis and Nancy (Crawford)
Lewis. His father, a native of Pennsylvania,
and a descendant of Major Lewis, of revolutionary fame,
moved to Ohio in 1831, and there engaged in agricultural
pursuits; his mother belongs to the celebrated Canby
family. He received his preliminary education at the
Berlin High School, in Holmes county, Ohio, was placed
in the Fredericksburg Academy, in Wayne county, Ohio, at
the age of fourteen, and finished his education at New
Wilmington, Delaware. He subsequently commenced the
study of medicine, and for four years remained as a student
under the renowned Professor J. W. Hamilton, of Colum-
bus, Ohio, having also the daily clinical advantages of the
hospital in the Ohio Penitentiary. The succeeding two
years he was a pupil of the eminent Professor Joseph I'an-
coast, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where lie also gradu-
ated with first honors at Jefferson Medical College, in 1862.
While studying at that institution the .opportunities fur-
nished him lor clinical instruction were exceptionally good.
The hospitals o! the city were crowded with sick and
wounded soldiers and every description of physical disease,
and surgical operation came under his observation ; and it
is doubtless in a great measure to the experience then ac-
quired, under the guidance of his renowned instructor, that
he owes the great success which has attended his practice
and given him so distinguished a place in the profession.
In the spring of 1862 he passed a successful medical and
surgical examination before the United States Navy Board,
in the city of New York. After leaving Jefferson Medical
College, in 1S62, he was offered, and declined, the position
of Surgeon to a regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry. In
the same year he accepted the commission of Surgeon to
one of the United Stales army hospitals at Louisville, Ken-
tucky, but, after a brief experience with hospital gangrene,

resigned the place and established himself at New Phila-
delphia, Tuscarawas county, Ohio. While there he was
Physician to the County Infirmary, whence, at the expira-
tion of two years, he removed to t anal Dover, in the same
county, where he still resides, lie has olheiuled as Presi-
dent of the Tuscarawas County Medical Society, anil is a
member of the Ohio State Medical Society. He has aided
the Democratic parly by serving as Chairman of the County
Democratic Central Committee, and has always furnished
labor and means for the honest advancement of his friends.
As a literary essayist Senator Lewis has acquired an envi-
able reputation, while his many valuable contributions to
the medical journals of the country reflect great credit upon
his scientific and professional attainments. Having an as-
sociate in practice, and living in the enjoyment of ample
means, he has been enabled to take an active part in public
affairs, and his name has been identified, consequently,
with every recent project of importance designed and pro-
jected in order to further the developments of his county.
For the past ten years he has served as a member of the
Agricultural Society of Tuscarawas County, is Surgeon for
two of her important railroads, and has given efficient sup-
port to the important lines of railway connecting the county
with the Cleveland and Ohio river markets. In 1873 he
was nominated by acclamation, and elected on the Demo-
cratic ticket, to represent his county in the Sixty-first
General Assembly, where he was a member of several
important standing committees, and was Chairman of the
Standing Committee on Benevolent Institutions. Declin-
ing the renomination to the House of Representatives, in
1S75, he w'.as nominated by acclamation in the Joint Con-
vention of the Eighteenth Senatorial District, and elected
by a larger majority than was ^iven to any one upon State
or county ticket in his district. He is the author of several
important reformatory measures, and, as a Senator, has won
a reputation and an influence which must be as gratifying
to his constituency as creditable to himself. He was mar-
ried, October 22<1, 1862, to Mary E. SI ingluff, the highly
accomplished and only daughter of the late lamented Dr.
Joseph Slinglufl, of Canal Dover, by whom he has two
daughters, Anola and Josie Lewis.

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II. SON, GEORGE W., Lawyer, was born, Febru-
ary 22d, 1840, at Brighton, Clarke county, Ohio,
and is the third son of Washington and Mary A.
Wilson; his father is a successful farmer and live-
stock dealer, and a man of influence in his sec-
tion. George received his preliminary education
in the district school, and subsequently attended Antioch
College for three years. In 1861 he commenced the study
of law in the olliee of Hon. Is. A. Harrison, al London,
Ohio, which, however, he relinquished for a season to en-
list in the army, the civil war having broken out. lie

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BIOG R A ri I ICA L ENCYCLOPEDIA.

549

joint’ll (lie 94II1 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry on
August 8lh, 1862, ami was elected Second Lieutenant by
In', company. 1 le received his commission and was mus-
tered into the service on the 23d of the same month, and
seived with that command until January 20II1, iSO.|, when
he was promoted to the rank of hirst Lieutenant of Com-
pany (i. lie remained with that regiment until August
25111, 1S64, when he was mustered out to accept a commis-
sion from President Lincoln as l'irst Lieutenant of the 1st
Regiment United States Veteran Volunteer Engineers, in
which command he served as such until, June 1st, 1865,
he was appointed to the command of Company I., a new
company then added to the regiment. lie was honorably
discharged front the service on the 26th day of September,
1S65, at Nashville, Tennessee, and returned to Ohio, where
he at once resumed his law studies. Having completed
his course of reading he was admitted to the bar, May 7th,
1S6C, and immediately thereafter commenced the practice
of his profession in Madison county. lie was elected
Prosecuting Attorney of that county in October, 1S66, and
prior to the expiration of his two years’ term was re-elected,
in 1S6S, to the same office. In 1S70 lie associated with
him S. W. Durllingcr, a young attorney who has since
made his mark as a promising advocate, under the firm-
name of Wilson & Durllingcr, which partnership has pros-
pered greatly and commands at present a large and lucrative
practice. In October, 1S71, the senior partner was elected
a member of the lower House in the General Assembly of
Ohio, as representative from Madison county on the Repub-
lican ticket, with which party he has ever been affiliated.
Since his legislative term expired he has been constantly
engaged in professional duties, in which he has been emi-
nently successful. He has at sundry times held several
positions in corporations, both municipal and others than
municipal. He is a zealous member of the Presbyterian
Church. In all his daily walks in life he has always en-
deavored to discharge every duty, whether public or private,
to the best of his ability and with fidelity to those inter-
ested, without reference to personal feelings or predilec-
tions. lie is a valuable citizen in the community where he
resides, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of all who
know him. before his enlistment in the army he was
married to Martha Lee Rice, an estimable lady, by whom
he has three children, llerlha Josephine, William Rice and
Frances.

rr3 ELLY, IION. MOSES, Lawyer and Legislator,
was born, January 21st, 1809, in Grovcland, Liv-
ingston county (at that time Ontario county),
New York, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, August
15th, 1870. llis father, Daniel Kelly, a Penn-
sylvanian, of Scotch-lrish descent, removed to
New York in 1 7 97 . His mother was of German descent,
lie lived with his father at Groveland, working on the

firm, and attending school until he was eighteen years of
age, when he commenced preparing for college at Geneseo,
under Cornelius C. l’ellou (subsequently President of How-
ard University), and entered the 1 1 ediinan class of Harvard
College in 1829, and graduated with his class in 1835.
He then read law for three years in the office of Orlando
Hastings, of Rochester, New York. When lie was ad-
mitted to practise he removed at once to Cleveland, where,
in 1S36, he formed a law partnership with lion. Thomas
Holton, who had been his college classmate. The firm was
Ilolton &: Kelly, ami was honored with a large practice.
In 1S39 he was chosen City Attorney, and in 1S4I was
elected to the City Council, where he did a noble work in
enacting a law. to protect the city from the encroachments
of the lake. He was elected by the Whigs of Cuyahoga
and Geauga counties as State Senator for 1S44 and 1845.
His service in the Senate was bold and fearless for what he
deemed right, regardless of party politics. The bill to re-
duce the salary of judges to an inadequate amount he
resisted to the last; although it was carried through by both
parties for political efleet, it was repealed by the next Legis-
lature. The Whig party, to which he belonged, favored
the establishment of a State bank and branches, and a bill
to that effect was introduced; but he opposed it strongly,
and advocated a system of free banking, with currency
based on State stocks. All efforts to quiet his opposition
were unavailing, and, although the Slate bank was estab-
lished, he secured the addition to the bill permitting the
establishment of independent banks with circulation based
on State stocks deposited with the Slate government; aLo
the addition of checks and safeguards to the bank system.
His action was approved by his constituents, and a public
meeting was called, without* regard to parly, which air-
proved his course. The Ohio independent bank system,
which he advocated and which proved successful, was the
model on which the national bank system of the United
States was subsequently constructed. At the same session
a bill was introduced to give the Ohio Life & Trust Com-
pany authority to issue bills to the amount of $500,000.
1 he arguments in favor of the bill were plausible, and the
support promised so great that the success was considered
certain. But on its third reading Mr. Kelly opposed it
with a speech of so much force that it failed, although it
had up to that time the support of both the Whigs and
Democrats. At the close of the session he returned to his
profession. In 1849 the Legislature appointed 'him one of
the Commissioners of the city of Cleveland to subscribe to
the capital stock, on behalf of the city, of the Cleveland &
Pittsburgh Railroad Company. He accepted the trust, and
represented the city’s interest in the Board of Directors for
several years, until the stock held by the city was disposed
of. In 1S56 Mr. Bolton, his partner, was elected Judge
of the Court of Common Ideas, and the firm was changed
to Kelly Griswold, Mr. (). S. Griswold having been ad-
mitted to the linn in 1851. In 1866 he was a member of

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55^

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

the Philadelphia convention fur the healing of the diller-
ences between the North and South. In September, l866,
I’resident Johnson appointed him United States Marshal
for the Northern Di Uriel of (thin. 'I lie Senate ol the
United States refused to eonliim llte appointment on ac-
count of the opposition to Mr. Johnson, and in March,
1867, he withdrew from that office. lie was a stockholder,
Director and Attorney of the City Hank of Cleveland, which
was organized under the law of 1845, from its establishment
to its reorganization as the National City Hank, and until
his death. lie assisted in organizing St. Paul’s Episcopal
Church, and continued one of its most active and liberal
supporters, lie stood at the head ol his profession, and his
character was spotless. He was married in 1839 to Mary
Jane Have, daughter of Ceneral Ilezekiah Have, of New
Haven, Connecticut, and at his death left live children, of
whom the oldest, Frank II. Kelly, was born in Cleveland,
in 1840. This son, after a preparatory education in his
native city, entered Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio,
and upon leaving that institution returned to his home, read
law in his father’s office, graduated at the Ohio State and
Union Law College, in Cleveland, and was admitted to
practise law in 1861. He has taken an active interest in
politics from that time, and in 1873 was elected to the
Council as Trustee from the newly organized Sixteenth
ward, and the following year was elected President of the
Council. 1 1 is uniform fairness in decisions and his close
attention to business have rendered him very popular.

ARAN, IION. JAMES J., Lawyer and Editor,
was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 29th,
1809. He graduated from Miami University in
1832. Immediately after leaving college he en-
tered the office of Judge O. M. Spencer, with
whom he studied law, and was admitted to the
lnr in 1834. In the following year he was elected by the
Democratic party to the House of the General Assembly of
the Stale of Ohio. 1 le was re-elected to the same branch
of the General Assembly in 1837, and again in 1S3S. Dur-
ing the session of 183S-39 he was Speaker of the House,
lie was now very popular with his party, as an indication
of which he was elected to represent Cincinnati in the State
Senate, in 1839, and re-elected to the same office in 1S41,
and during the two sessions of the last term he was Speaker
ol the Senate. I11 1844 he was elected to Congress from
Hamilton county district, and in 1846 was re-elected,
serving four years. In 1855 he was elected Mayor of Cin-
cinnati, serving for two years. He was appointed Post-
master at Cincinnati by President Buchanan, and after
serving during a part of that President’s administration was
removed for political considerations. Mr. Karan appeared
as a writer while in college, and in 1834 was one of the
editors of the Democrat it luporta ', a campaign paper pub-

lished in Cincinnati during the race for Congress between
General Robert T. Lytle and Judge Bellamy Storer. In
1844 he became connected with the Cincinnati Enquii er
as one of its proprietors, which connection lias continued
ever since, with but a short inter 'mission ; and during most
of the time he has been its editor. Mr. Karan has not ap-
peared as one of the editors of his paper for several years,
and has long since lost his political aspirations; but in
every field in which he has figured he has been exception-
ally successful ; and, although he has acquired a consider-
able fortune, he still holds his proprietary interest in the
Enquirer, to which he daily gives his attention. 1 1 is per-
sonal appearance is very fine, and his bearing dignified and
courteous; and, although long a politician, he is left with-
out a scar ; few men assuming so little to themselves and
standing so deservedly high in the. estimation of the public.

ORTIIINGTON, HENRY, Senior member of the
firm of Worthington, Power & Fee, Leaf Tobacco
Merchants, Cincinnati, was born in Mason county,
Kentucky, on September 1st, 1826, and for ten
years past has been a large and successful dealer
in leaf tobacco in all the American markets for
that staple, with head-quarters in Cincinnati. Joseph
Power, of the firm, is a native of Bracken county, Ken-
tucky; a young man of great energy and activity, and for
his age perhaps the largest operator in tobacco in America.

ITIIERSPOON, REV. ORLANDO, Presbyter of
the Protestant Episcopal Church, son of Samuel F.
and Eliza Witherspoon, was born in Rochester,
New York, February 4th, 1S37. He graduated
at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in
1S56. He studied theology at Berkley Divinity
School, in Middletown, Connecticut, and was there or-
dained Deacon by Bishop Williams, in May, 1859. From
that time until May, i860, he was Assistant Minister at
Trinity Church, New Haven, Connecticut, when he became
Rector of St. John’s Church, Buffalo, New York. In July,
1868, St. John’s Church was partially destroyed by fire,
which led to a division of sentiment in the congregation as
to the rebuilding of the edifice or its removal to another
site. A portion of the congregation separated and” formed
a new parish, under the name of Christ Church, of which
he became Rector in March, 18G9. This position he re-
signed on Easter day, 1875, and the following Sunday,
April 4th, became Rector of St. Paul’s Church, Cincinnati,
Ohio, lie was for many years Secretary of the Standing
Committee of the Diocese of Western New York. He is
the author of a “ Manual on the Canons of the Protestant

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

551

Episcopal Church;” of “A Course of Sunday-School In-
structions,” in eight volumes; of several musical works;
and of other minor publications. Mr. Witherspoon is a
ready and aide writer, an elegant conversationalist, and a
fluent and eloquent speaker. Standing six feet in his shoes,
and weighing two hundred pounds, with a fine face and
head, he presents an admirable appearance, at once placing
him on good terms with his audience. lie is only in the
prime of life, and may reasonably look forward to a long-
extended and useful career. On December 12th, 1S60, he
was married to Cora V. Taylor, third daughter of Alexan-
der Taylor, of Cardenas, Cuba.

f'OLLIER, THOMAS WILLIS, Editor and Pub-
lisher, was born, April 22cl, 1S44, in Carrollton,
Ohio, of American parentage and English lin-
eage. In 1S52 his parents removed to Cadiz,
where he attended school for about a year, and
when nine years old went into a printing office
to learn the trade, his father having been a newspaper man.
He remained so engaged, with the exception of a year, until
the outbreak of the civil war. He enlisted as a private in
the 1 6th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry — three months’
service — and when honorably discharged re-enlisted as a
private for the war, and rose from the ranks to the succes-
sive grades of Second Lieutenant, Eirst Lieutenant, and
Adjutant, and finally as Captain, lie served from Novem-
ber, lSoi, until September, 1065, when he was honorably
dischaiged. On his return home he removed to Coshocton,
where, in September, 1 866, he purchased the Coshocton
Age, which he has conducted ever since. He has been a
Republican in politics, and has been Postmaster of Coshoc-
ton since 1SG9, being appointed to that office by President
Grant. He has been a hard worker throughout his life,
and has attained his present position by dint of industry,
energy, and perseverance, lie \\ as married, April 14th,
1S04, to-Kale Rinehail.bt New Philadelphia, Ohio.

URT, ANDREW CANO, Banker, was born at
Natche/., Mississippi, May 2lst, 1810, while his
parents were temporarily residing there. His
father came to Cincinnati from Massachusetts,
and shortly afterwards was married to Sarah, the
oldest daughter of the late General John S.
Gano. He was a nephew of the late Major Daniel Gano,
also of Cincinnati, to which city his parents returned from the
South soon after his birth. 11c received a fair education in
the schools of that city, and commenced business as a Clerk
in the County Court. Afterwards he held a position in the
office of the Miami Exporting Company. On the failure
of this company he established the banking house of Hurl A

Green, and on the dissolution of this firm, about 1856, he
organized the banking house of A. G. Hurt A Co., taking
into partnership Mr. John T. Hooper. This new firm was
prosperous for many years, his excellent judgment and
sound sense guiding them through the trying times of 1857
and 1861. A year or two before his death the failure of a
New York house, of which he was Cincinnati correspond-
ent, seriously embarrassed him, and caused him to make an
arrangement with his creditors. On this occasion he dis-
played many of his most admirable qualities. He was a
thorough gentleman, keenly alive to the demands of a most
exacting sense of honor, and he bore his troubles with a
pride which was born not less of the knowledge that he had
done everything which the severest justice could demand,
than of a lofty hope and purpose of repairing his broken
fortunes. Had he lived there is no reason to doubt that he
would have realized his expectations. 1 1 is judgment of
men was rarely at fault; his sense of honor was acute and
delicate; his word was as good as his bond, and he was
generous to a fault. He was extremely fond of books, and
I his reading covered a wide range, lie was especially de-
voted to art, and many Cincinnati art expositions were
j enriched by contributions from his collection, which was
one of the finest about that city. In his domestic relations
he was singularly tender and indulgent. He left a widow
— who was Ann Green Thompson, to whom he was married
in 1832 — mil seven children, five of whom are married,
and all but one of whom are residing in Cincinnati. One
of his sum is still engaged In the banking house, yet bearing
the firm name of A. G Burt A Co. Mr. Burt’s personal
appearance was very line; his bearing courtly. He seemed
I almost to belong to a former age, and might have stepped
j back into the customs of thexjast century, and found himself
at home. He died January 28th, 1S74.

C$3

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k.-] 1NSI.EY, WILLIAM, Architect, was born, Ecbrtt-
(!: -

penny, In land, and is the son ol Thomas Tinsley,
a master Iniildet by profession, lie is of English
extraction, the Tinsleys having left England
about the time of Cromwell ; and his father’s
maternal ancestry were Irish — the Mocklers of Mocklers-
town — -who left the country when James the Second fled.
William was educated in the day schools of his native town
until he was about sixteen, and he was then received into
his elder brother John’s establishment, where he was placed
under the various foremen of the different divisions of house
and church construction. He received instruction from his
brother in architectural drawing, and also in mathematical
and landscape drawing from the professors at the endowed
school. When he was about twenty-one years old his
brother John died, and he took his place and turned to
account the knowledge and experience he had acquitcd.

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552

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/EDIA.

The first work lie undertook was a design for a large linen
liall; then followed frame houses and offices, cottage resi-
dences, and county churches. Some of the latter he built
on the plans of the Diocesan architect. Soon, however, he
Mas employed on more important works, c. g., mansions for
the gentry in the old English castellated and Italian styles.
Among these, Tulamane Castle, Eakelield House, etc. lie
occasionally submitted his design to the Diocesan architect,
and had the benefit of his instruction. lie also frequently
visited and made sketches of the ecclesiastical and castel-
lated remains so plentiful in every part of the country.
When he u'as thirty-eight years old he u'as appointed by
Right Rev. Robert Daly, Bishop of Cashel, etc., to the posi-
tion of Diocesan Architect (which post he filled acceptably
until his emigration to the United States); shortly after-
wards Architect to the Marquis of Waterford; and about
the same time a similar position was tendered him by the
Earl of Cdcngale, to rebuild a large portion of the town of
Cahir, a few miles from Clonmel. The general stagnation
in business succeeding the failure of the crops in 1S47, and
the attempted rebellion in 1S4S, caused these noblemen,
with others of his patrons, to cease improvements, and this
led him to turn his attention to America. With his large-
family he left Ireland, and reached the United Stales in the
autumn of 1S51, settling in Cincinnati. He found, how-
ever, the style and character of building so entirely different
from that which obtains in the British isles, that lie could
not be prevailed upon to conform to the then American
style of false and llimsy construction. When soon after he
had an opportunity of submitting a design for the North-
western Christian University, at Indianapolis, uhicli m-.is
the successful one in the competition, he removed thither,
and while a resident of that city was employed as architect
and builder of several universities, colleges, churches, and
residences, for the period of five years, lie then returned
to Cincinnati, where he has since resided. Among his late
professional works may be mentioned St. Raid’s Methodist
Episcopal Church, Cincinnati ; the Institution for the Blind,
at Columbus; the Knox County Infirmary; beside numbers
of churches, residences, etc. While a resident of Ireland
his political views were of the liberal conservative party,
while in the United Stales very decidedly Union. Three
of his sons aided in the restoration of the Union authorities
during the late civil war, two of them as belligerents, and
one — Rev. Charles Tinsley — in the hospital service. 1 1 is
religious belief is that taught by the Methodist Episcopal
Church, although his children were all brought up in the
United Church of England and Ireland. He has been
thrice married. When about twenty-three years of age he
was united to a lady of his own age; in two years he was a
childless widower, her child and herself Mere interred on
the second anniversary of their union. The following year
he married the cousin of his first wife, and during the
twenty-seven years of this married life thirteen children
Mere born to him. She died in Indianapolis, leaving ten

children living, two only of whom M'ere capable of helping
themselves. Shortly prior to his return to Cincinnati he
married a third time, as his young family of children needed
care and aid in their education, especially as the nature of
his business required him to be frequently absent from
home. Three other children have been burn to him from
this union. He has had the assistance of several of his sons
in his office. Among these, Rev. Charles Tinsley aided
him until he entered the ministry. Ilis second son gave
promise of taste and ability ; but while engaged on a model
of the I’robasco House, died after a few days’ illness, on the
day after he had attained his majority, hive other sons
were for some time in his office under instructions, of whom
four went into other occupations; one only, Thomas
Richard, the sixth son (udiosc biographical sketch appears
in this volume), persevered in the study of architecture,
and is now Architect to the Commissioners of the Central
Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and of other buildings in Columbus,
Ohio. Of his daughters, one is the u'ife of the Vicar of
Kilrouan, Ireland; a second is married to a lawyer in In-
diana; while a third has been for three years past laboring
as a missionary at I.ucknow, in the East Indies. Three
other daughters and one son are at their father’s house on
Mount Auburn, Cincinnati. Although he has entered upon
his seventy-third year, he is yet capable of producing orig-
inal designs, the offspring of his brain and the handiwork
of his pencil.

,

ITTLESEY, CHARLES, Soldier and Geologist,
born in Southington, Connecticut, October 4th,
1S0S, and is the son of Asaph Whittlesey, of that
town. When he \«us but four years of age, dur-
ing his father’s absence in the West, he M-as sent
to the country school “to be out of harm’s way.”
In 181,5 his lamily removed to Talmadge, Summit county,
Ohio, where he again attended school and worked on the
farm until he M as appointed, in 1827, a cadet at West Point.
In 1832 he graduated with honor, and Mas made Brevet
Second Lieutenant in the 51b United States Infantry.
While a cadet at West Point a cadet from the South Mas
under sentence of death for striking a superior officer, and
while M ailing the approval of the sentence at Washington,
M-as confined in the prison. Cadet Whittlesey was standing
guard outside, and when his back M'as turned the prisoner
sprang out, caught the sentry’s musket, and placed a loaded
pistol at his car; but Whittlesey disregarded the pistol and
the order to keep quiet, called for the corporal of the guard,
and when the prisoner ran, pursued him, and M-as about to
pierce him u-iih the bayonet, when a relief caught the pris-
oner. In 1833 he served in the Black Ilawk Mar, and
then resigned to devote himself to civil and mining engin-
eering and geology. In 1S38, during the Florida war, and
again in 1846, during the Mexican war, he offered his ser-
vices to the government as a soldier, but they M'ere not

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1S1O0RAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

5 5 J

deemed necessary. In I S j 7 lie was appointed on the
geological survey of Ohio, and for two yeais labored assid-
uously in the work of ascertaining and locating the mineral
resources of the Stale of Ohio. After two years the Legis-
lature was so economical as to have the survey abandoned,
but the results attained have been of vast benelit to north-
eastern Ohio, by disclosing the rich coal and iron fields
which have made that portion of the State prosperous and
populous. During five years, commencing. in 1847, he was
employed by the United States government to survey the
country around Lake Superior and the upper Mississippi, in
reference to mines and minerals. Later, he spent much
time exploring the mineral districts of the Lake Superior
basin. Still later, the State of Wisconsin employed him,
from the year 1858 to the breaking out of the war in 1861,
to make a geological survey of that Stale. In all, he spent
fifteen years on the waters of Lake Superior and the upper
Mississippi. All of his work was thorough, and the devel-
opment of the mineral resources of the locations he exam-
ined furnish the strongest proofs of his scientific ability.
When President Lincoln was threatened with violence on
his entry into Washington, in February, 1861, Mr. Whittle-
sey enrolled himself a member of one of the military com-
panies that tendered their services for the occasion, lie
urged the State authorities to put Ohio into a state of mili-
tary preparation, and two days after the President’s proc-
lamation of April 151I1, 1 86 1 , he joined the Governor’s
stall' as Assistant Quartermaster-General. lie served as
State Military Engineer, in western Virginia, with the Ohio
three months’ troops, under the command of Generals
McClellan, Cox, and Hill. On July 171I1, 1S61, on the
Kanawha, his horse was wounded under him ; but on that
occasion he showed the coolness and courage of his cadet
days when guarding the prisoner at West Point. At the
expiration of three months he was made Colonel of the 201I1
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was detailed by
General O. M. Milchel as Chief Engineer of the Depart-
ment of the Ohio, llis regiment was composed of men of
the highest intelligence, and was brought to an exceptional
state of discipline- without severe measures. They enlisted
before there were bounties or drafts. As Chief Engineer
lie planned and constructed the defences of Cincinnati, and
in September, 1862, he volunteered to defend it on the
approach of a hostile army. In the winter of 1S61 lie was
placed in command of Owen, Grant, Carroll, and Gallatin
counties, Kentucky, which were in danger of rebel out-
breaks. lie preserved order and at the same time won the
respect of both the Union and rebel citizens, as shown by
the public expressions of regret when his departure took
place. lie was present with his regiment at the capture of
Fort Donelson, and on the morning of the surrender the
prisoners were placed in his charge by General Grant, with
orders to convey them to St. Louis, llis attention to the
unfortunate men evoked from them a letter of warm thanks
lor his chivalric courtesy and kindness. On the second day
70

of the battle of Shiloh he commanded the 3d brigade of
General Wallace's Division, composed of the 201I1, 56th,
76th, and 781I1 regiments This brigade and its commander
received special and honorable mention in the official
reports of that battle. After the battle of Shiloh he sent in
his resignation, which his failing health and the critical
condition of his wife required. General Grant indorsed his
application for resignation with these words: “ We cannot
afford to lose so good an officer.” Very soon after leaving
the army he made further explorations in the Lake Superior
and upper Mississippi basins. To his efforts were due the
organization and success of the Western Reserve Historical
Society, of which he was President, and whose collections
of historic relics, geological specimens, and works relating
to the early history of the State are extensive and valuable.
He is quoted extensively as an authority in most of the
standard geological and anthropological works of America
and Europe, especially as to the Mound builders of the
Ohio and Mississippi valleys. llis published works are
“Geological Reports of Ohio,” 1838-39; “ United States
Geological Surveys of the Upper Mississippi,” D. D. Owen,
1847, 1849; “United States Geological Surveys of Upper
Peninsula of Michigan,” Foster & Whitney, 1850, 1851 ;
“ Life of John Fitch, Spark’s American biography,” new
series, volume v i . , 1S45; “Fugitive Essays,” mainly histor-
ical, published at Hudson, Ohio, 8vo., pp. 357, 1S54; and
in the “ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge — Ancient
Works of Ohio,” 1852; “Fluctuation of Lake Levels,”
1S60; “Ancient Mining on Lake Superior,” 1863; “Fresh
Water Glacial Drift,” 18O6; “An Essay on the Mineral
Resources of the Rocky Mountains,” 1S63; “The Early
History of Cleveland,” in 1866; and forty or fifty essays,
reports, and pamphlets, also numerous and valuable articles
in newspapers and scientific journals. On whatever subject
he has written he has succeeded in enlisting the attention
of the reader and in giving him much valuable matter for
reflection. He is still President of the Western Reserve
Historical Society.

(I

c W'L

Hughes.

ONNER, PI 1 1 NE AS SANBORN, M. D., Pro-
fessor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery in the
Medical College of Ohio, was born at West Ches-
ter, Pennsylvania, August 23d, 1839. llis parents
having moved to Cincinnati, he entered Central
High School in 1850. In 1855 he graduated at
In August of the same year he entered Dart-
mouth College. He remained in Dartmouth four* years,
and graduated in 1S59. In 1858 he attended lectures at
the Medical College of Ohio, and in the winter of i860 at
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In March, 1861,
he graduated at the latter institution. On November 251I1
of the same year lie was appointed Acting Assistant Sur-
geon in the United Stales aimy. April 1 Gt li , 1862, he was
appointed Assistant Surgeon. In March, 1866, he was

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554

UIOGRA1TI1CAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

brevetted Captain and Major, and in August of this year
resigned Ins position in the army, and located in Cincinnati,
lie was appointed l’rofessor of Surgery in the Cincinnati
College of Medicine and Surgery for the sessions of i860
and 1867. This position he resigned in 1807, to take that
of Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of Ohio.
In 1869 he was transferred to the Chair of Surgical Anatomy
in the same institution, which he held until the regular
session of 1875-76, when he was appointed l’rofessor of
Anatomy and Clinical Surgery. l)r. Conner is one of the
surgeons to the Good Samaritan and the Cincinnati Hospi-
tals, and member of the American Medical Association,
the Ohio Stale Medical Society, Cincinnati Academy of
Medicine, Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Historical
and Philosophical Society of Ohio, corresponding member
of the Meigs and Mason County Medical Society anil of the
Gymccologic.il Society, of Uoston, Massachusetts.

TlOMPSON, JAMES HENRY, was born near
Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky, Septem-
ber 27th, 1812. lie was the third child in a
family of ten children, whose parents were John
lk Thompson and Nancy P. (Robards) Thomp-
son. His parents were both Virginians by birth,
and in the latter part of the last century immigrated to Ken-
tucky with their parents, John Thompson and George
Robbards, who settled at the head-waters of Shawnee
Springs, on contiguous farms, and both of whom were cap-
tains in the revolutionary army. The father of the subject
of this sketch followed through life the profession of law,
and achieved an enviable reputation as a legal practitioner
and as a local statesman in Kentucky; he died at an early
a«'e in 1 832, leaving surviving- him his wife, Nancy P.
Thompson, who died in February, 1S70. James II.
Thompson, on the father's side, was of English and Scotch
blood, and on the mother’s side, of Welsh and Huguenot
blood. He is the brother of the late Hon. John 11. Thomp-
son, United Stales Senator from Kentucky, and Philip I!.
Thompson, one of the leading spirits of the Harrodsburg,
Kentucky, bar. In his seventeenth year, being then well
advanced in the classics and mathematics, he assumed the

role of educator, and engaged in teaching school in Jessa-
mine county, Kentucky, which occupation engrossed his
attention for the ensuing three years; and through these
years his leisure hours were devoted to the reading of law
and general literature; and during the time of his teaching
he educated O. Singleton, member of Congress from Missis-
sippi, and Samuel II. Woodson, late member of Congress
from Missouri. On the 7th of April, 1831, after passing suc-
cessfully through the ordeal of an examination, he was ad-
mitted to the bar, and in the same year he became Sheriff
of Jessamine county, Kentucky, by the purchase of the
office from the High Sheriff, according to the laws of the

State at that time, and thus virtually becoming Sheriff, be
discharged the duties of that olhee for a period of two years.
In 1833 he entered upon the active practice of his profes-
sion at Nicholasvillc, Jessamine county, Kentucky, and
was thus professionally engaged until 1835, when he was
induced to remove to Versailles, Woodford county, Ken-
tucky, 011 account of the devastation of the bar at the latter
place by the cholera. In Versailles, and in partnership
with the Hun. William Ik Kinkaid, he practised his profes-
sion with great success until September, 1837, when he was
married to Eliza J. 1 rimble, of Hillsborough, Ohio, the only
daughter of ex-Governor Allen Trimble, deceased ; and
after marriage, having occupied the winter of 1837-38 in
studying the Ohio laws and decisions, he was admitted to
practise law in Ohio, at liatavia, Clermont county, Ohio, A-
] i'i 1 10, 1S38, and admitted to practise in the Supreme Court
of the United States on the 201I1 of January, 1854. In the
latter part of 1838 he settled in Cincinnati, and opened a
law olfice on Third street, where he remained until 1842,
when, on account of his own health and the health of his
family, he removed to Hillsborough, Highland county,
Ohio, where he has ever since resided, and has con-
tinued the practice of his profession. From this point as a
centre he has been engaged in a large circuit practice in
five surrounding counties, also in the Circuit and District
Court of the United States for Ohio, and in the Supreme
Court of that Slate; in the reports of this court his name
and arguments appear, as cot 11 .el from 1840 to 1876, as
many times, if not more, as are the number of the volumes
of the reports. His greatest reputation in his profession has
been achieved as a land lawyer in the complex titles of the
Virginia Military District, and as a criminal lawyer, in
which last capacity lie has bdfcn engaged chiefly in the de-
fence of those accused of crime from treason, including more
than twenty-five cases of homicide, through' the whole cata-
logue of criminal offences. In his time he has appeared
before more than thirty judges, of the various courts, now
deceased. He is now Register in bankruptcy in his dis-
trict, and has been since 1S67, by the unanimous solicitation
of the bar of his whole district. He is still actively engaged
in the practice of his profession. In politics an old-line
Whig, in 1840 he ardently supported General Harrison. I11
1844 he took an active and prominent part in favor of Mr.
Clay, supported General Taylor, and in the last Whig Con-
vention at Iialtimore, as a Delegate, urged the nomination
of General Scott. After the dissolution of the Whig party,
he sustained Hell and Everett ; then, after the commence-
ment of the war, he threw his influence to the Republican
party, and throughout the war look an active part as one of
the military committeemen of his State, in helping to sustain
the Union army. Since the war he has acted with the Re-
publican party, and has been and still is a zealous supporter
of President Grant. He has taken an active and liberal part
in all public improvements lending to enhance the interests
of his county and town, and has contributed liberally to

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

555

every public edifice in 1 1 i 1 lsborou^li . Mr. Thompson and
his family are, in tlicir religious faiili, adherents lo llie doc-
trines of the .Methodist Episcopal Church, of w hich church
his son, the late Allen T. Thompson, was a distinguished
minister. Mr. Thompson, alter an experience ol lorty-lour
years, is now relaxing himself from the pursuit of Ins pro-
fessional duties for a time, and proposes to offer in a year,
as a tribute to his profession, a volume to be entitled, “ i he
Circuit Lawyer of the United States in the Nineteenth Cen-
tury.” The materials for this work are at hand, and are
now in rapid combination and preparation for the press.

1

ILSON, REV. WILLIAM, D. D., I.I.. D., Cler-
gyman, was born, December 25th, 1803, in
Limb tun, parish of Kaphoe, county of Donegal,
Ireland, and was a son of John and Lillie Ann
Wilson. The family emigrated to the United
States in 1823, taking up their residence in New
York city, and became attendants of the Reformed Presby-
terian Church, during the pastorates of Reverend Drs.
Alexander and John N. McLeod, having already been
members of that communion for many previous years.
William enjoyed the advantages of some of the best classi-
cal schools, and he gained the front rank in scholarship,
lie then entered Union College, and graduated from that
institution in the class of 1S27. being early designed for
the ministry, he prepared to enter the Theological Seminary
of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and accordingly
joined the class of 1S27-2S, in that institution in Philadel-
phia, where he was favored with the instructions of that
eminent scholar and divine, the late Rev. Dr. Samuel B.
Wylie, who was also distinguished for his varied learning
and erudition, and who filled for .so many years the Chair
of Ancient Languages in the University of Pennsylvania,
and occupied also the office of Vice-Provost m that ancient
institution. On June l6th, 1S31, he was licensed to preach
by the Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and
being xubseipiently ordained to the ministry, he travelled for
some lime as a domestic missionary. In 1 S 3 3 he accepted
a call from the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Milton,
Pennsylvania, to which place he removed, and remained
there until the summer of 1837. He labored there abun-
dantly, and in addition to the duties of his pastorate, taught
the Milton Academy with success, and also edited the
American Christian Instructor, a monthly periodical, to
which he was an extensive contributor. lie resigned his
charge at Milton, and returned to New York city, for the
purpose of establishing a literary institution of high order
on Staten Island. In 1S38 he received from the Legisla-
ture a charier lor and established the Richmond College.
By his own exertions a fund of $40,00:1 was subscribed, and
a site for the buildings decided upon. The financial calam-
ities of those days finally caused the failure of his plans.

He then removed with his family to Cincinnati, where he
passed the remainder ol his life, lie there became the
pastor ol the Kclormed Presbyterian Church, George street,
and subsequently took charge ol the Church of the Cove-
nanters, 111 which he remained until his death. In 1853 he
received the honoiary degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Franklin College, Ohio; and subsequently that of Doctor
of Laws from another institution. He was a member of the
Evangelical Alliance from its origin, and went to the city
of London to aid in its organization. He attended the
Inst meeting held there, and made one of the most able
speeches delivered on the floor, lie was a naturalized citi-
zen of the United States, and when the civil war broke out
was a lirm supporter of the cause of his adopted country.
He wrote and spoke for the government under President
Lincoln, lie was a personal friend of the latter, and often
visited him in Washington city during the four years’ war.
lie was well informed on political matters. On one occa-
sion Mr. Lincoln inquired if he could not give him some
office, lo which Dr. Wilson replied that he already held the
highest office on earth — that of the Christian ministry; but,
on November 17th, 1863, the President made out and signed
a commission for him as Chaplain in the army of the re-
public. At the close of the war Dr. Wilson remained
mostly at home, entirely occupied with his ministerial duties.
He possessed a mind of unusual power, and stored with
learning. He w'as stern and resolute, and could with diffi-
culty brook opposition to his plans. In the pulpit his ear-
nestness and sternness sometimes approached the boisterous.
He wrote much, and made many contributions to various
church and literary journals. Among his works may be
named the following : “ The Blessedness of the Nation
whose God is the Lord ; ” “Ministerial Heroism ; ” “ The
Man for the Hour;” “ The Cause of the United States ; ”
“ The Curse of Meroz;” “A Nation Nonplussed; ” “The
Day of Small Things;” “Democracy versus D011I0-
cracy.” lie was also a contributor to I he Presbyterian
Witness. During the winter of 1S72 he fell and was se-
riously injured ; from this he never fully recovered, lie
died December ylh, 1873, as only a Christian can do, being
assured that he would be more than a conqueror, lie was
married in 1853 to Anne Campbell, wdio survives him with
their only child.

\ERRY, ARCHIBALD, u'.as born in Strafford
A county, New Hampshire, his ancestors, Berry and

Drake, from England, being among the eaily
settlers of the colony. His early education was
obtained in the best schools within reach, and from
these he entered Dartmouth College. In conse-
quence ol ill health he left college in his sophomore year,
intending to spend a year West and South, and then to re-
turn. But lie relinquished the idea of returning to college,
and studied dentistry under an able preceptor at Quincy,

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11IOCRAPI I1CAL ENCYCEOP/EDIA.

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Illinois, after which lie engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession in ilimls county, Mississippi. Having atlemloil
lectures at the Ohio College of Denial Surgery, he was
graduated at that institution in 1 <S. JO- A shoi L lime subse-
quent to his graduation, Dr. licny and Amelia Cooker,
daindiler of the late J. II. Cooker, of Cincinnati, were mar-
ried. Resolving to make Cincinnati his home, he shortly
after purchased the good-will and office of Dr. 1’. Knowlton,
and associated with him the late W. 1!. Ross, D. D. S., of
Newport, Kentucky, and continued in the old office two
years. Dr. Kerry then yielding to the fascination of the
South, returned there, and resinned the practice of his pro-
fession in Mississippi, where he was engaged until 1S53,
when he returned North. After recruiting his health by a
sojourn in the region of Cake Superior, he spent six months
in practice in Covington, Kentucky, and then opened an
office in Cincinnati. As before, at urgent requests from
his friends and patients in Mississippi, he revisited them in
the fall of 1S54, and remained there in good practice until
the war came on, Now came trouble on account of loyalty
to the Union, but he was kindly succored, when in immi-
nent danger, by the citizens of the town of Raymond, where
he resided, the Home Guard of which proffered to him pro-
tection, which w as afterward promptly given, and kept him
from passing to the spiritual world, when apparently on its
threshold. ]!ut he attributes his survival of the peril
mainly to his being a member of a fraternity whose princi-
ples inculcate doing light without hope of fee or reward.
In 1S63 l)r. Kerry found his way to Cincinnati, and again
bought the office and good-will of Dig Knowlton, and has
remained there in practice to the present time. He was
one of the founders of the Mississippi Valley Dental Asso-
ciation, the oldest dental society on the earth, and lias
zealously continued in his efforts to advance the interests of
his profession, through the instrumentalities of associated
influence, the j ress, and educational institutions.

’llIOLL, ALONZO COLLINS, Lawyer, was born,
December 3d, 1S22, in Columbia county, Penn-
sylvania. lie is the third of eleven children of
Virgil Miller Diboll and Philena Collins. His
father was a native of Rensselaer county, New
Volk, a physician and surgeon, who moved to
Ohio in 1834, locating in I!rown county. Dr. Diboll went
to Hamilton county, Indiana, in 1843, and returned to Ohio
in 1852, settling in Adams county. In 1S59 he took up his
residence in Wilmington, Clinton county, where he died in
1S70. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a na-
tive of Connecticut and a daughter of Lewis Collins. She
died in Adams county in 1856. Alonzo Collins w'as favored
with a home training, which fitted him for the active respon-
sibilities of life. lie attended school in winter and busied

himself on the farm in summer. In the meantime he turned
his spare hours to profit, reading books of a solid character,
and improving his mind with whatever good reading came
in Ins way. At the age of eighteen years lie was .sufficiently
advanced to take charge of a school in Brown county, Ohio.
Lor the next live years he taught and attended school, fitting
himself to make a profession of teaching. He subsequently
determined to adopt the law as his profession. Continuing
to teach, he devoted his leisure to reading law. In 1S52 he
was admitted to the bar, and immediately entered upon the
practice of his profession at West Union, Adams county,
Ohio, lie remained at West Union until 1854, when he
removed to Wilmington, Clinton county, w here he has since
resided, 'l l 1 c energy and perseverance which enabled Mr.
Diboll to acquire his profession have made it possible for
him to acquire a paying practice. In 1S56 he was elected
Mayor of Wilmington, being re-elected for the following
term. In 1S74 lie was prevailed upon once more to accept
the Mayoralty. Lor two years he w’.as Prosecuting Attorney
for Clinton county. Mr. Diboll is a Republican. Lor fif-
teen years he has been a member of the Christian Church.
In 1S45 he married Rachel Young, daughter of Thomas
Young, a Scotch Presbyterian and native of the north of
Ireland, and an early pioneer of Brown county.

UDKINS, JESSE PARKER, M. D., an eminent
Surgeon, w'as born at Mount Pleasant, Jefferson
county, Ohio, in 1815. lie was a half -brother of
the late Dr. William Judkins, and W'as descended
from a Quaker family, whose names have been
identified with medicine for more than a century.
His school and collegiate education was obtained at Can-
nonsburg and Steubenville, Ohio, and his medical education
in the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he
graduated in 1S38. In the following year he accepted,
from that institution, an appointment as Demonstrator of
Anatomy, at the same time opening his office in Cincinnati
for the practice of his profession. In 1847 he went to
Columbus to become Professor of Anatomy in Stalling
Medical College, w'hich position he filled until 1S52, w hen
he accepted the Professorship of Descriptive Surgery in
Miami Medical College, and returned to Cincinnati. He was
afterwards changed to the department of Special Pathology,
but his connection w'ith that institution remained intact until
his death, over fifteen years. In 1 S53 he visited Europe
for the purpose of giving his attention to the study of surgery
among the great lights of the old world, and passed some
time in all the famous European hospitals. In 1864 ’the loss
of his elder brother, Robert, preyed so strongly on his mind
that his health was seriously affected. Lrum this shock he
never seemed to recover, and was consequently never so
active in his professional duties, lie was eminently suc-
cessful, acquired a considerable fortune from an cxlraordi-

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mOCRAI’lIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

557

narily large practice, aiul stood in tlie front rank of his
profession. On December 6th, 18(17, at the age of lifly-
llirce, lie died of softening of the brain.

Mill I, I ION. HENRY \V., Lawyer, was horn on
April Glh, 1814, in the town of Whitestown,
Oneida county, New York. 1 1 j s ancestors were
front Great lhilain, and settled in Massachusetts
and Connecticut in the early days of our colonial
history, lie was educated in the common schools
principally, although he attended the academy at Champion
and the Rensselaer Oswego Academy in New York. When
he was three years old his father, who was a farmer, moved
to Jefferson county, in the State of New York. Henry was
raised on a farm, working summers and going to the com-
mon schools in the winters. His leisure time was spent in
study and reading while on the farm. In May, 1S38, he
emigrated to Ohio, and stopped at Circlevilie. In June
following he commenced the study of law with II. N.
Hedges, Esq., with whom he remained about one year.
He completed his study of law with G. \7. Doan, Esq.
In June, 1840, he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme
Court, at Delaware, Ohio. Shortly afterwards he settled in
London, in Madison county, Ohio, where he has resided
ever since and has been engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession. lie was elected Prosecuting Attorney in the fall
of 1840, in 1842 and in 1844, thus holding the office for si\
consecutive years, the last term expiring in 1S46. In 1 S 5 S
he was appointed to till a vacancy in the same office, by the
court; in the fall of i860 he was again elected thereto for
two years, and yet again in 1S64. The duties were per-
formed by him during all that time to the satisfaction of the
court and the people. His business in his profession lias
been extensive and lucrative; he has acquired a compe-
tence and has raised a large family. He commenced poor,
without money or friends, but he soon acquired both. In
his politics Mr. Smith 1 elonged to the old Whig parly as
long as it lasted, and in 1856 lie became .1 member of the
Republican parly, and has always remained a Consistent
and active member o( that party to the present time. In
the kill of 1848 he was elected a member of the I louse of
Representatives of the General Assembly of Ohio, for the
counties of Madison, Clarke and Champaign, and was re-
elected in 1849. During his legislative service, in the
winters of 1S48-49 and in 1S49 -50, he was an active and
useful member, and originated and carried through a great
reform in the law of evidence. Prior to that time, by the
law of evidence, neither parties in an action at law, nor
any person, having any pecuniary interest, in the event of a
suit, could be witnesses. The law seemed to be based on
1 he theory, that a witness who had a pecuniary interest,
large or small, in the event of a “ait, would be templed to,
and often would, commit perjury, and hence parties to a I

suit could not testify, nor any person having a pecuniary in-
terest, in the event of a suit at law. Mr. Smith, early in
the session of 1848 49, introduced a bill “To improve the
law of evidence,” providing that parties to actions at law
might call each other as witnesses, and that a pecuniary in-
terest, in the event of a suit, should not disqualify a person
from being a witness. The bill, after its second reading,
was referred to Mr. Smith and the II011. George E. Pugh as
a select committee. On the 2isl of February, 1849, Mr.
Smith of said committee made an elaborate report on the
bill, which was ordered to be printed. The report can be
found in the “Appendix to the House Journal,” session of
1S4S-49, page 185. 'This proposed reform was so bold and
radical, in striking down rules venerable for their antiquity,
that many members hesitated, although the report in favor
of said measure was unanswerable and absolutely con-
vincing. Finally it was proposed, in order to give the bar
time for reflection and consideration, to postpone the
measure till the next session, which was done. During
the next session, 1849-50, the measure was passed into a
law with remarkable unanimity (vide vol. x 1 v i i i, . , page 33,
session laws of 1849-50). This was a great advance in
law reform. This remained to be the law till the adoption
of the Code in Ohio, when the same principle was carried
into the Code, extended a little on one point by allowing
parties to volunteer as witnesses. In the session of 1S4S-49
Mr. Smith introduced a bill to amend the law of descents,
by providing that husband and wife, in default of children,
should be heirs to each other. Prior to that time, and for
a short time after, the act regulating descents postponed the
heirship of husband and wife to the last degree before
property escheated to the State. The bill was referred to
Mr. Smith as a select committee, and on the 24th of Feb-
ruary, 1849, lie made an exhaustive report thereon, which
was ordered to be printed. The report is in the “Appendix
to the House Journal” for 1S48-49, page 198. This bill
did not then pass; and, as it proposed such a radical change
in the rules of descent, a great many of the members were
afraid to support it, not because it was not reasonable and
equitable, but because it was a great innovation; the seeds
were sown, however, anil produced fruit in due time. In
the session of 1851-52 the principle was adopted, and ever
since that time husband and wife, in default of children,
have been heirs to each other. At the same session he in-
troduced a bill to punish the stealing of a will, after the
death of the testator, or a testamentary paper before his
death. The bill was enacted into a law, February 23d,
1849 (vide S. and C. “ Statutes,” vol. i i . , page 1632). Thus
a great omission in our criminal law was supplied ju the
State. In the fall of 1853 Mr. Smith was elected to the
Senate of Ohio from the district composed of Madison,
Clarke and Champaign counties. He made a useful and
active member, and assisted in enacting a great deal of
useful legislation, including the Liquor law, the Ten I’cr
Cent, law, the Fee bill, etc., etc., and aided in reforming

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

55s

abuses and in reducing taxation, lie discovered, at the
end of Iris term in the Senate, in the spring of 1S54, that he
could not live very high and support his family hy going to
tlie Legislature (as many more have before and since dis-
covered), and he determined to abstain therefrom in the
future and to devote his time exclusively to ids profession.
This determination he rigidly adhered to until 1864, when
he was nominated and elected a Presidential Elector by the
Republicans, when the lion. A. Lincoln was a candidate
for re-election to the Presidency. He met the Electoral
College of Ohio at the capital of the State in December,
1864, and voted for Mr. Lincoln for President and Andrew
Johnson for Vice-President of the United States. In the
spring of 1865 he aided in establishing the Madison
National Bank, of London, Ohio, and he was elected Presi-
dent thereof, so continuing for two and one-half years,
when lie sold his slock and invested the proceeds in land,
In 1870 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue by
President Grant, and confirmed by the Senate of the United
States, for the Seventh Collection District of Ohio, and he
held the office for nearly three years, when, the taxes
having all been taken off by Congress except upon whis-
key, beer and tobacco, the assessors of internal revenue
were abolished by a law of Congress. During his term as
Assessor nearly $2, 000,000 internal revenue was raised in
the district, comprising the counties of Franklin, Madison,
Green and Clarke, lie administered the office prudently
and honestly, and to the satisfaction of the government and
the people. Mr. Smith is still engaged in the practice of
law. lie supported the war of 1861 strenuously, but did
not go into the service, as he was over the military age
when the war commenced. He did, however, go into the
service for ten days, at Camp Chase, during the Morgan
raid, as Captain of a company. He was married in June,
1S44, to an estimable lady, Jennetle Smith, in Whileslown,
Oneida county, New Yolk. She is a descendant of the
celebrated Otis family, of revolutionary memory, in Massa-
chusetts. She has been a model wife and an ornament of
her sex. Mr. Smith is still hale and vigorous, and stands a
lair ch nice to live beyond the allotted age of man.

eKINNEY, IION. JOHN F., Lawyer, was born,
April 12th, 1827, on a farm two miles north of
Piqua, Miami county. 1 1 is parents were natives
of Pennsylvania; his father had removed to Ohio
towards the close of the last century, and his
mother a few years later; they were married in
180S, and resided on the farm where their children were
born. His father died when he was seven years old, but
he resided on the farm until he grew to manhood, lie re-
ceived his preparatory education at the pinna Academy,
which he attended for three years, and subsequently passed
a year at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, He

afterwards commenced the study of law with bis brother, S.
S. McKinney, ol Piqua, whose biographical sketch appears
in this volume, and was admitted to the bar in 1S50, and
immediately commenced the practice of his profession, in
partnership with his brother, which has continued ever
since, the firm enjoying the largest practice in the county,
and is a highly lucrative one. In political views he has
always been a Democrat, and has been that party’s stand-
ard-bearer on several occasions. In 1862 he was nominated
and elected to Congress from the Fourth Ohio District, and
served two years. I11 1S70 he was again elected to Con-
gress from the same district, and also served two years.
I11 1864 and 1866 he was a candidate for the same position,
but was defeated, the opposing party being in the majority.
In fact the district has always been Republican, and each time,
when he was elected, the Republican State ticket was also
successful in his district, thus demonstrating his great popu-
larity. He has been President of the Piipia School Board.
In 1872 he was a delegate to the Democratic National
Convention, which ratified the nomination of Horace
Greeley, and was a member of the Committee on Resolu-
tions, representing his State. He was President of the
Piqua Hydraulic Company while it was a private enter-
prise; it now belongs to the city. lie was also President
of the Western Ohio Park and Driving Association, lie
was married, 1853, to Louise Wood, of I’iqua, and has
three children living, two daughters and one son.

<f5tjTORROW, HON. JEREMIAH, Statesman, was
born, 1770, in Pennsylvania. in 1795 he re-
moved to the Northwest Territory, and in 1802
was elected a delegate to the convention for
forming the State Constitution of Ohio, lie was
the liist representative in Congress from that
State, and then served as United Slates Senator from 1S13
to 1819. lie was elected Governor of the State, and held
that office from 1S22 to 1826. lie was subsequently ap-
pointed Canal Commissioner, and in 1S40 again ihnsen to
represent his district in Congress, serving from 1S41 to
1S43. He died ‘n Ohio, March 22d, 1852.

| IIITTLESEY, IION. EI.ISIIA, Lawyer and
Statesman, was born in Connecticut, but in his
early manhood removed to Ohio. In the war
of 1812 he served as an Aide-de-camp to General
Wadsworth, lie was Prosecuting Attorney for
sixteen years, and was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1X20 and 1X21. I le served seven terms ns a repre-
sentative in Congress. He was appointed in 1841, by Presi-
dent Harrison, an Auditor of the Post-oliiee Department,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENC VC LOP. ED I A.

559

ami also l lie hirst Comptroller of the Treasury, which posi-
tion he relinquished in 1S57, hut was reappointed by
President Lincoln in iS6t. llis whole public career was
marked by an unswerving integrity and untiring devotion to
duty. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, Janu-
ary 7th, 1863, in Ihe eightieth year of his age.

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(H)CKE, PROFESSOR JOHN, Author, Inventor,
Teacher, Physician, etc., was born, February
19th, 1792, in one of the New England States,
most probably New Hampshire. llis father,
Samuel llarron Locke, was a millwright of such
skill that his services were in great demand, and
he resided successively in Vermont, New Hampshire, and
Maine. In 1796 he removed permanently to Bethel, in the
latter Stale, where he erected buildings still known as
“ Locke’s Mills." llis mechanical taste and ingenuity were
manifested at an early age, as well as his love for books.
Botany became a favorite study. About 1S10 he entered
an academy at Bridgeport to study languages. About lSt6
he began the study of medicine and chemistry. Though he
had never seen a chemist, nor a piece of chemical appar-
atus, his inventive genius led him to construct his own
instruments. But a few years previous the experiments of
Galvani and Volta had become known, and he could not
rest satisfied until he had tested these. Chiselling out a
mould in a soft brick-bat, he cast a set of dishes of zinc,
about the size of a silver dollar. Twenty of these, with as
many silver dollars, were constructed into a “pile;” the
dollars being used for the negative clement, and cloths wet
in brine for the imperfect conductor. The experiment was
a partial success. Thus began his acquaintance with a sub-
ject which in after years was to engage so much of his
attention. Some of these zinc plates are still in existence.
He found it impossible to confine himself strictly to the
study of medicine, and he spent much time in the pursuit
of general physics. Turning his steps in the direction of
New Haven, he here found all that he could desire in the
pursuit ol knowledge. Alter .1 lew years spoilt profitably,
and lor the most part in the study of botany, he went to
Keene, New Hampshire, as a teacher of botany. He also
procured plants for the botanical gardens at Cambridge, and
enjoyed the counsel and instruction of Professor Bigelow,
of Boston. In 1S18 he delivered his first public lectures in
Portland, Maine. Turning his eyes longingly to the
Pacific slope, he obtained an appointment as Assistant Sur-
geon in the navy. But he was disappointed in his object
and withdrew from the service, returning to New Haven,
lie resumed his medical studies, and received his degree.
In 1819 he completed a treatise on botany, for which he
made his own engravings. Thus far he had received no
pecuniary or other encouragement from his father, and had
not received a dollar of patronage or support except that

created by his own exertions. Nearly sixty years ago he
called the attention of the public to the river maple, com-
pared with the sugar maple, in the manufacture of sugar,
and as a shade tree. After having graduated he tried to
establish himself as a physician, but failed, not from want
of patronage, but because patients were more ready to be
treated than to pay. He went to Windsor, Vermont, as a
teacher in a female academy. The principal of this school
had conceived the idea of establishing a like institution in
Lexington, Kentucky, and the young doctor consented to
accompany him. This arrangement was not carried out,
and he proceeded West alone, arriving at Lexington in
June, 1821. In this held his success was such that he ever
allcrwards was held in high esteem by his young lady
pupils and their kinsfolk. In 1822 he came to Cincinnati
on horseback. He received a rather cold reception, from
no particular reason except the natural conservatism of the
townspeople, and was on the point of abandoning his pro-
ject, when he found a friend in Ethan Stone, and friends
among the best society thereafter became numerous. “ Dr.
Locke’s School” soon acquired a high reputation. He
was opposed to sectarian schools, but nevertheless believed
in general religious instruction and the cultivation of the
social virtues, llis method of instruction was conversa-
tional, and calculated to interest the pupil and remove
timidity. He was among the earliest instructors in the
Mechanics’ Institute. Passing over several years, during
which he w as engaged in teaching the future mothers of
Cincinnati and pursuing scientific investigation, the year
1835 is reached, at which period he was elected Professor
of Chemistry in the Medical College of Ohio. He entered
upon liis new duties with zeal. lie visited Europe and
purchased apparatus. Or. his\return he found the college
divideil against itself, and a liberal inducement was made
him to join a school in a neighboring State, lie refused,
and gradually dissension ceased and matters became tran-
quil. lie had a large acquaintance with the geology of the
United States, and while engaged in making a geological
survey of Ohio, under the patronage of the State, he
discovered one of the largest trilobites known. In 1837 he
made a journey to Europe on purposes connected with
scientific investigation, lie contributed to science many
valuable inventions. All of them are now familiar to the
scientific world. The most important of these was the
“ Electro-Chronograph,” or “ Magnetic Clock.” Official
notice of this invention was made to the authorities at
Washington, in June, 1849. After the observations of Dr.
Locke in magnetism had been published, the English gov-
ernment forwarded and presented to him a full set of mag-
netical instruments, in appreciation of his labors. lie
found time for the study of astronomy, and if not as famous
as some students of this science, his knowledge was as
great. He occasionally wrote poetry, and if his verse is
not famous and oft quoted, it was inspired in one who wor-
shipped Nature. llis warm admirer and memorialist, Dr.

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lilOGRAl'IIICAL

M. 1!. Weight, of Cincinnati, says of him: “lie did not
cany his taper that he might be seen here and there of
men ; hut in the solitude of his laboratory he kindled the
tires of his genius, and sent out rays as from a grand
mirror, that the whole world might be illuminated,
lie had the inspiration and language of a true [met; he
understood music as a science; lie could sketch the land-
scape with the accuracy of a practised artist ; he was a
mechanic, a mathematician, an astronomer, a chemist, a
philosopher, a logician, a physician. lie had studied all
things upon the surface of the earth, and penetrated into its
hidden depths, and formed an intimate, every-day acquaint-
ance with the beauty and glory that surround it.” lie was
a religious man, but not ostentatiously so. lie never
attached himself to any church, but shortly before death
had decided upon joining the Episcopal Church. In nature
he saw the Revelation, and worshipped it. During the
winter of 1S49-50 the medical college was dragged into
the arena of political warfare, and he lost his professorship.
From that day he was never the same man, and dissolution
slowly proceeded. lie was urged by I)r. Wright to again
accept the position and consented. .In 1S54, while in poor
health, he accepted the position of Principal in the academy
at Lebanon, Ohio. In October, 1S55, he returned to Cin-
cinnati a much changed man — thin, haggard, tremulous.
While in this condition he went to Virginia to examine coal
lands, and returned with his infirmities aggravated. Numer-
ous symptoms tending to paralysis manifested themselves
alarmingly. Memory and vision grew dim, and a paralytic
condition set in. After being unconscious five days, he
died July loth, 1856.

LDARY, 11()N. SAMUEL, Editor and Politician,
was born, 1S01, in Ohio. 1 1 is early advantages
of education were very limited. Soon after arriv-
ing at man’s estate he joined the Jackson party,
and remained a faithful adherent to General
Jackson throughout his entire public career, lie
early became connected w ith the newspaper press, and was
for many years editor of the Ohio Statesman , and his editor-
ials, although lacking in polish, were full of vigor, lie
was for a long time one of the leading men in his party in
Ohio. Although he was a warm personal friend of the late
Stephen A. Douglas, he separated from him when the latter
opposed lhiehanan. During President liuchanan’s admin-
istration he was appointed, and served for some time, as
Governor of the then Territory of Kansas. During the war
of the rebellion he was a “peace Democrat,” though his
son was in the war, and of whose career he W'as very proud.
His death was attributed to the remains of the poison in-
fused into his system at the National Hotel, in Washington,
in March, 1857. lie died at Columbus, Ohio, November
7th, 1864.

LNCYCLOP/ED1A.

EKMELIN, CHARLES GUSTAV, Lawyer and
Author, W'as born at Ileilbronn, Wurlcmherg,
Germany, May 19th, 1 S 1 4, and grew up amidst
the still subsisting bitterness of the townspeople
against the despotic transfer of the old free city
to the kingdom of Wurlemberg. His first politi-
cal lessons were, thetefore, hatred of arbitrary conquests
and annexations. His father was a wholesale grocer. 1 1 is
mother died when he was two years old. At the age of
five he started to school, where he remained until after his
fifteenth year — seven years in his native [dace and three
years at the birth-place of Schiller. lie subsequently took
a thorough course of study in the natural sciences. Leav-
ing school, he spent a year or two in his father’s store, and
finally, after having vainly made one attempt to go to.
America, at the age of eighteen, having obtained his
father’s consent, he started for this country, and landed in
Philadelphia in lSj2. lie secured employment in a gro-
cery at six dollars per month; but at the end of a year
determined to go to Wheeling, Virginia. At Hagerstown
he got into serious difficulty for attempting to interfere in
the whipping of a slave girl. This caused him to go to
Pittsburgh instead of Wheeling, determining never again to
enter a slave State. From Pittsburgh he started for St.
Louis; baton arriving in Cincinnati, in the fall of 1833, he
took the cholera, and after recovering, abandoned the idea
of going farther, soon found employment, and has since
continued to reside in the city. His first employment was
with T. I!. & II. 13. Coffin, in the grocery business. After
one year this house assisted him in starting his own grocery.
He was uncommonly prosperous, and in ten years had
bought a farm in Green township, and hart accumulated a
considerable fortune. In 184^ he retired from the grocery
business and went to live on his farm, lie had early taken
an active part in the establishment of a Cincinnati German
newspaper. In 1836, through his instrumentality, the
Volksbhttt was started, and during the following year he
became sole proprietor. After retiring to his farm, he
began the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar by
the Supreme Court of the Stale in 1848. In 1844 lie was
elected to the lower House of the General Assembly, and
in 1846 to the Senate. In 1850 he was a member of the
Constitutional Convention. In all of these bodies he took
a prominent position. His report on the annexation of
Texas, on bank taxation, and his many speeches on various
subjects, furnished texts for popular argumentation, and
contributed largely towards breaking down the predomi-
nance of the Whig parly. IJut he has always been too
radical to be a leader in his own party, seldom being in
accord with the public opinion of the times. In 1854 and
1855 he was llank Commissioner for the free and indepetfd-
ent banks of Ohio; and in 1856 he was appointed by Gov-
ernor Chase as one of the Commissioners for the Stale
reform schools. To become thoroughly acquainted with
this subject he visited Em ope at his own expense, and on

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/IiDIA.

561

his return his plans were adopted in the reform schools of
the Slat.:, and at the relonn farm, at Lancaster, Ohio. In
1S07 Governor I layes appointed him one of the Cominis
sionets ol Mims. liis last public seiviee was as mcinhei
and President ol the Board ol (‘onlrol. Ills numerous
literary productions arc distributed over various periodicals,
both ( ierman am I English. Hell as published three books:
“ The Wine Trespass M uiual ; ” “ The Wine-Makers’ Man
nil," and “ Politics as a Science.” lie is decidedly schol
aily, and is still an earnest student. His zeal for knowledge
induced him in 1S74 to go to Europe to attend lectures on
l.nv, history and political economy, at Straslmrg and \Vur-
temberg. In 1S37 Mr. Reeineliil was married to his present
wile, Louise Mark, of Cincinnati. They have seven chib
dren, all, excepting one, having been educated in both
Europe and America.

EAI), COMMANDER ABNER, an Officer of the
United Slates Navy, was born, 1821, in Ohio, and
received his education at the Ohio University, at
Athens, which institution he left in his senior
year, in 1839, having received a midshipman’s
warrant. 1 1 is first voyage was on the schooner
“ Enterprise ” to the South American coast, having been
detached from a ship of war destined to the Mediterranean,
on account of some little difficulty with the captain previous
to the sailing of the vessel. Prior to his examination he
passed a year in reviewing his studies at the Naval School in
Philadelphia, and stood fifth in a class of forty-eight. He
was at once detailed to the duty of Acting Sailing Master,
in which capacity he made several voyages, and soon ac-
quired the reputation of being one of the most skilful navi-
gators in the service. At the breaking out of the Mexican
war he was on the coast of Afiica, but returned in time to
make a cruise in the Gulf and participate in some naval
operations near the close of the war. The progress of naval
promotion being slow, he did not reach the rank of Lieu-
tenant until 1853, and in 1S55 the Naval Retiring Board
consigned him to the list of retired officers, but lie was not
long alter reinstated by the Examining Board. Soon after
the commencement of the late civil war he was ordered for
service to the “ Wyandotte,” the command of which soon
devolved upon him, and it was this vessel which performed
such important service in saving Fort Pickens from falling
into the hands of the enemy. In May, 1862, his health was
so much impaired that he was relieved from his command
for a time, in order to place himself under medical treat-
ment. A severe fit of sickness prostrated him for some
weeks, and before he fully recovered his strength he asked
for sailing orders, and was assigned to the command of the
steam gunboat “New London.” Proceeding at once to Ship
Island, he commenced cruising in the Mississippi Sound,
and in eight days captured four valuable prizes. The ex-
ploits of this vessel won for it from the enemy the appellation
7'

of the “ Black Devil,” and it soon succeeded in breaking up
the trade between New Orleans and Mobile. The “ New
London” captured nearly thirty prizes, look a battery at
Biloxi, and had several engagements with Confederate
steamers on the sound. A short time previous to his death,
lie lost his left eye in an engagement at Sabine Pass. In
June, lSbj, he was placed in command of the steam sloop-
of-war “ Monongahela,” and soon after participated in an
attack upon the enemy’s batteries above Donaldsonvillc. In
this engagement lie was fatally wounded, and died July 12th,
1S63. He was a skilful officer, and a universal favorite
throughout the navy.

~y OUSE, REV. ERWIN, Clergyman, Editor and
Author, was born at Worthington, nine miles
north of Columbus, Ohio, February 17th, 1S24.
1 1 is parents, Lyman li. and Sarah House, were
natives of New Haven, Connecticut. At the age
of thirteen, during a religious awakening in Lock-
land, near Cincinnati, where his parents then resided, he
joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the fall of
1S41 he entered Woodward College, Cincinnati, where he
graduated in 1S46. Then Samuel Lewis and Salmon P.
Chase were trustees, and old Dr. Ray was Professor of
Mathematics at Woodward. In 1849 he was granted license
to preach as a local minister in the Methodist Church by
the Quarterly Conference of Ninth Street, now Trinity,
Church, Cincinnati. In 1S65 he was admitted into the
Cincinnati Conference. As early as 1837 he wrote for the
papers, and in 1847 was appointed Assistant Editor of the
ladies' Repository, an old, popular monthly magazine of the
church. This position he filled many years, and was one
year in entire charge of its editorial work. lie afterwards
became Assistant Editor of the ll'estern Christian Advocate,
one of the oldest and most ably conducted weekly papers
published by the Methodist Episcopal Church. These edi-
torial positions he filled for the period of twenty-five years.
He was the author of a number of works, many of which
have had a large circulation in the church. Among these
the most important are: “ Sketches for the Young; ” “The
Missionary in Many Lands;” “The Homilist;” “The
Scripture Cabinet,” and “The Sunday-School Hand-Book.”
At least two of these works have been republished in Eng-
land. In his editorial work he was associated with some of
the finest men of his church. lie was an efficient worker
and an able advocate for the temperance cause. He was
most famous, probably, as a Sunday-school author, speaker
and worker. As a speaker to children he had few equals;
as a writer he was ready and agreeable; in the church he
filled a wide place well, and in his home and everywhere he
lived the life of an educated Christian gentleman. To the
last hour or moment of his lile lie was at his post in the office
of the Advocate , where he died of heart disease, May 20th,

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562

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

1S75. Mr. House was married in August, 1848,10 Margaret
Davis, sister of Drs. Joint and \V. B. Davis, of Cincinnati.
Of their four children but one survives.

•<>«

ILL, BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSHUA
WOODROW, Soldier, was born, December 6th,
1831, in Cl 1 i 1 1 i collie, Ohio, lie received a thor-
ough English and classical education, and was
appointed in 1849 a cadet in the United States
Military Academy at West Point, where he grad-
uated third in his class. In 1854 he received an ordnance
appointment, and was stationed at Walervliet Arsenal, West
Troy, New York. In the following year he was recalled as
one of the instructors at West Point, and after serving two
years in that capacity was ordered to the Pittsburgh Arsenal,
and from thence in 1S5S to Vancouver, Washington Terri-
tory, to superintend the building of an arsenal there. Find-
ing this impracticable, in consequence of the difficulty exist-
ing about Vancouver’s Island with the British government,
he returned, and soon after was ordered to Port Leaven-
worth. In i860 he resigned his position in the army, and
accepted the Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engi-
neering in the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.
On the outbreak of the civil war he resigned his professor-
ship, and upon offering his services to the Governor of Ohio
was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General of that State. In
August, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the 23d
Regiment Ohio Volunteers. He joined General Nelson in
his Kentucky expedition, and after his return was placed in
command of a brigade, receiving the commission of Brigadier-
General July 29th, 1862. He subsequently commanded a
division for a time, evincing great courage and skill; and
upon the reorganization of the army under General Rose-
crans, he was assigned a brigade in General Sheridan’s
division, at the head of which he gallantly fought and fell
during the memorable Wednesday of the battle of Stone
River, Tennessee, December 31st, 1S62.

G'k(c\lo

'j^AMPBEEL, THOMAS, Lawyer, was born, May
■ 21st, 1816, in Steubenville, Jefferson county, Ohio,
of American parentage. His father followed
mechanical pursuits, and subsequently became a
farmer. Thomas received his preliminary educa-
tion in the common schools until he was sixteen
years old, when he entered Franklin College, in Harrison
county, where he remained until he attained the age of
twenty years, lie then went to his father’s farm in Co-
shocton county, and taught school for a year or more. He
was engaged subsequently as a clerk in a store, which he
relinquished in 1838 to commence the study of law, under
the supervision of James Matthews, of Coshocton, lie was

admitted to the bar in the spring of 1841 at Steubenville;
but his health having become impaired, he returned to his
father’s farm to recuperate, lie commenced the practice
ol law in 1842 in Coshocton, and was elected the following
year Prosecuting Attorney of the county, holding that posi-
tion for six years, being re-elected in 1845 and 1847. He
was elected in 1851 the first Probate Judge under the new
State Constitution, and served the full term of three years.
In 1865 he associated with R. M. Voorhes, of Harrison
county, under the firm-name of Campbell & Voorhes, attor-
neys and counsellors at law. He is at present the solicitor
of the Building Association. He has ever been a firm and
consistent member of the Democratic party, and takes a
great interest in the political movements in the county, State
and Union. He was married, August 5th, 1842, to Martha
Wallace, of Pennsylvania, and is the father of six children.
His eldest son, Patrick Steele Campbell, died while in the
army.

UNDY, I ION. WILLIAM, Member of the Sixty-
second General Assembly of Ohio, was born in
Belmont county of that State, October 10th,
1 S 1 9. His parents, William and Sarah (Over-
man) Bundy, were of German descent. 1 1 is boy-
hood and youth were spent in assisting his father
on the farm and in attending school. He was married in
November, 1843, to Prudence Wood. She died in 1845,
and some years later he was again married to Asenath
Doudna, of the same county. Mr. Bundy was formerly a
Whig, and has passed through all the anti-slavery parlies
and emerged a staunch Republican, lie was elected to the
Ohio House of Representatives in 1875. lie is a member
of the Wilberite branch of the Society of Friends, and has
always taken an active interest in educational and public
affairs. Possessed of a competency, with wife and children,
he enjoys a comfortable home.

UNCAN, COMMANDER JAMES N., an Officer
of the United States Navy, was born, 1820, in
the town of Madisonville, Ohio. He entered the
navy as a midshipman in 1837, and subsequently
passed through a course of study in the Naval
School at Philadelphia. He took an active part
in the Mexican war, and especially distinguished himself in
the contest which preceded the annexation of California.
At the commencement of the late civil war he was serving
as a Lieutenant on the United States steamer “ Crusader,”
then just completing a two-years’ cruise after slavers on the*
coast of Cuba. In 1S62 he was appointed Commander, and
assigned to the store-ship “ Relief.” Subsequently lie was
trausfened to the monitor “ Wccli iul.cn,” of which he was

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

563

commander, when she went clown in Clnirleston harbor;
Iml he was providentially on board of the flag-ship at the
lime of the disaster. He was next appointed to the com-
mand of the “ Norwich ” steam gun-boat, and assisted in the
bombardment of Fort Pulaski, and of Jacksonville, Florida.
During his service on the Gulf blockade, he contracted a
disease of the heart which terminated his life. He died at
Brooklyn, New York, August 2lst, 1S64.

^MUEDDELL, LEXER MARTEN, Merchant, was
born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in
17SS. It was not until after his father’s death
that he was born, and two years later his mother
remarried and removed to Paris, Bourbon county,
Kentucky, which was at that time inhabited
chiefly by the Indians, who were struggling to hold the
land in all its wildness from the invading white men. At
fourteen he resolved to earn his own living, and with his
entire worldly fortune in a little bundle, was employed in
a store, in which he promised to perform any kind of work.
He was so faithful and successful in everything that, at
nineteen years of age, lie was made partner. 'Phis copart-
nership lasted until the death of the senior member, when
Peter closed up the business, and with some money and
much good judgment, removed to Newark, Ohio, where he
opened a store in which he was very successful. In 1S20
he removed from Newark to Cleveland, and commenced
business on Superior street, where he was at once known
among the leading business men for his energy, promptness,
and integrity. In 1S25 a partnership was formed with
Edmund Chide from Buflalo, and Mr. Weddell retired from
active participation in the business. This partnership lasted
until 1828, when it was dissolved, and three years after-
wards another firm was organized under the name of P. M.
Weddell & Co., the new partners being his two clerks,
Greenup C. Woods, his half brother, and Dudley Baldwin.
Knur years later Mr. Woods removed to Newark, and in
1 S 1 5 the linn of P. M. Weddell A Son was announced,
with 11. P. Weddell as junior partner. In 1823 he built a
brick house and store, on the corner of Superior and Bank
streets, then the finest building in Cleveland. In 1845 this
was torn down to make room for the Weddell House, which
was erected on its site. In 1847, when on his journey home
from New York, where he had been to purchase furniture
for his new hotel, he contracted typhoid fever and died
three weeks afterwards, leaving a large property in real
estate in which his surplus funds had been invested.
Several years prior to his death he refrained from taking an
active part in the business of his store, having resigned the
management to his former clerks, who were his partners
therein. In 1832 he built a stone cottage on Euclid street
for a country residence for his son, II. P. Weddell, while
his own time was chiefly employed in improving his real

estate, which was rapidly increasing in value. In his clos-
ing years he was an active member of the First Presbyterian
Church of Cleveland. He was noted for his untiring in-
dustry, uniform courtesy, the generosity of his purse for all
worthy objects, and his ever ready assistance to young men,
who were struggling in their business enterprises. When
he died he made valuable bequests to religious and benevo-
lent institutions. He was married twice ; first in November,
1 S 1 5 , to Sophia Perry, of Cleveland, who died in 1S23, and
in 1S24 to Eliza A. Bell, of Newark, Ohio. By his first
marriage he had three children, of whom only one survived,
Horace P. Weddell, a prominent banker and capitalist, who
resides in -his native city, Cleveland. This son was edu-
cated in Cleveland and trained to habits of business in his
father’s affairs, and, at the age of twenty-two, was the junior
partner of P. M. Weddell A Son. O11 the formation of
this partnership in 1845, the building of the well-known
Weddell I louse was commenced and finished in 1847, the
furnishing being done under his sole management after his.
father’s death in that year. It was then rented, and has
since been successfully conducted as a first-class hotel. The
management of this, and other valuable property inherited
from his father, has occupied a large share of his time. He
formed a copartnership with Dr. A. Everett and Sylvester
Everett in the banking business, which is still continued.
Although never having taken a prominent part in public
affairs, he has always assisted, in an unostentatious way,
every public enterprise which he deemed was for the good
of all. During the war of the rebellion he contributed
liberally to the cause of the United Stales. Hundreds of
poor people know of his benevolence, and other hundreds
have received of his bounty, without knowing to whom they
were indebted for the comforts and necessaries of life.

(W)6/fNNIS, GUSTAVES S., was born in Franklin town*

^ * ship, Franklin county, Ohio, February 4th, 1S19.

In the spring of 1821 he removed with his father,
the Rev. Henry Innis, who settled in the eastern
part of Clinton tow nship. The Innis family was
of Scotch origin. Some of them removed into
the north of Ireland and from there into England, where
William Innis united with the l'riends, or, as they are more
commonly called, Quakers. During the early settlement
of Pennsylvania he removed his family near to Philadel-
phia. He was the captain of a merchant ship, and made
several voyages, on one of which commander, crew, and
ship were lost at sea, as no tidings were ever heard of them.
Captain Innis left a wife and two or three sons, and a
daughter or two. Robert, one of the sons, settled in West- .
moreland county, Pennsylvania, and was a leading elder
in the Quaker Church. Ilis second son, Henry, the father
of the subject of 1 1 1 is sketch, having enlisted at the age of
nineteen in the Northwestern army, under W. II. llarri-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

564

sou, during the c;uii|>uij4ii, lust saw the plains ami valleys
of the then West. 1 le determined to make his home on
these rich and level lands, and accordingly, -after the war,
settled in Franklin township, from whence he removed to
Clinton, where he lived till his death, which occurred on
the 20th day of May, 1865. Young Innis helped his father
on the farm summers and attended district schools winters
till he was seventeen years old, when his father sent him to
Worthington to a seminary in Masonic Hall, Seth Wash-
burn, Principal. Here he studied language and mathe-
matics, and made rapid progress. The next seminary or
high school he attended was in lilendon township, Ebene-
zer and Seth Washburn, teachers. Here he continued at
school till Central College was organized. He was one of
the first students of this institution, where he continued some-
four or five years, except that he generally left winters to
teach, returning to the college again each spring, lie made-
good progress, taking a thorough course in mathematics
and astronomy, calculating most of the principal eclipses ot
the sun and moon up to the year 1900. After leaving
school he engaged in teaching for a few years. In March,
1845, he married Sarah G. Morrill, and settled down to the
life of a farmer, in Montgomery, now Marion township,
south of and near the city of Columbus. Upon the busi-
ness of agriculture and horticulture he entered with all the
energy of his nature. Still lie found time to let his views
and practice be known through the local and agricultural
press. lie became a regular correspondent for several
agricultural papers, for which he has written as much, or
perhaps more, than any other practical farmer in the State,
and all without any other reward except having the papers
sent to him by the publishers. 1 1 is articles were exten-
sively copied all over the United States. He contributed
liberally also to the agricultural and scientific literature of
the day. Many of his articles will be found in agricultural
books and reports. During the holding of the first State-
fair in Columbus, Mr. Innis met the late Samuel Medary
on the street, and said, “ Why cannot we have a county
agricultural society in Franklin?” Colonel Medary an-
swered : “ We can. 1 w ill advertise to-morrow for a meet-
ing.” Soon after the friends of agriculture met and organ-
ized the Franklin County Agricultural Society. Mr. Innis
was one of the live working members of this society, serv-
ing it in almost all capacities, until he finally became its
President, lie has also been an ardent friend of the pub-
lic schools, and given much of his time in their manage-
ment on Boards of Education and visiting committees. In
this he has been enthusiastic, doing whatever was necessary
to be done cheerfully. He- also served lor years on the
County Board of School Examiners. Upon the breaking
out of the war of the rebellion, he became an active sup-
porter of the national cause, and contributed liberally to fill
up its armies and for the support of the families of those in
the service of their country. In 1864, when the National
Guard wasxalicd into service, he louk the field as Colonel

of the 133d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. He served with
his regiment in West Virginia, Bermuda Ilundicds, on the
James river, and in the sieges of Petersburg and Richmond.
In politics he was originally a Democrat, casting his first
vote in 1840 for Martin Van Burcn. During and a little
before the war of the rebellion he sometimes acted with the
Republicans. At the close of the war, in 1865, he returned
in full allegiance to and accord with the Democratic party,
believing its principles to be for the best interests of the
country generally. In April, 1S74, he was appointed War-
den of the Ohio Penitentiary, which position he still
(December, 1S75) holds. I11 1852 he was initiated into
the mysteries of Odd Fellowship, and became a member of
Central Lodge, No. 23, and of Capital Encampment, No.
6. In 1858 he was admitted a member of Magnolia Lodge,
Free and Accepted Masons. To each of these organiza-
tions he has ever since had the honor of belonging, and is
now in good standing.

ODGE, JOHN ORLANDO, was born, November
251I1, 1828, in Hamburg, Erie county, New
York. He is the son of Alfred Hodge, an early
settler of Buffalo, and a descendant of John
v Hodge, of Windsor, Connecticut, who, on the

1 2th of August, 1666, married Susanna 1 tension-,
daughter of Henry Denslow, the first settler of Windsor
Locks, Connecticut. The family is possessed of a complete
genealogical record, running from 1646 to date. At the
age of fourteen years the subject of this sketch was left an
orphan. He determined to settle in the West, then so full
of promise to young energy aiM industry. In June of 1S42
the young fortune-seeker arrived at Cleveland, Ohio, where
he took up his residence, spending the first few years in a
printing office. In April, 1847, Mr. Hodge, then in his
nineteenth year, enlisted for the Mexican war, embarking
for the scene of conflict at New York, on the 8lh of the
following month. 1 le was destined to pass through hard-
ship and peril before he reached the seat of war. On the
first evening out, before the transport had got fairly to sea,
she collided with a Spanish man-of-war, and had to put
back to New York in a damaged condition. Oil the 15th
of the same month, Mr. Hodge sailed again for Mexico.
All went well until the 23d of April, when the vessel was
wrecked sixty miles from the island of Abaco. Fortunately
the volunteers and crew were saved by a ship bound for
Havana and safely landed at that port. After spending a
few days in Havana to recruit their health, the troops
crossed the Gulf and entered Mexico. Mr. Hodge remained
in the enemy’s country until the close of the war, doing
creditable service under Generals Zachary Taylor and John
E. Wool. Hostilities having ceased, Mr. Hodge returned
to New York, and shortly after entered the Geauga Semi-
nary, in Geauga county, Ohio. Here he applied himself

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BIOGRAPHICAL

industriously and made rapid progress. Upon leaving
school lie taught for some time to the satisfaction of his
patrons. In 1051 he again made his home in Cleveland.
In the following spring there was a general election lor
municipal olliecrs. Mr. 1 lodge was a candidate lor Clerk
of the Police Court, to which position he was elected by the
largest vote polled for any candidate. At the expiration of
a three years’ term Mr. Hodge declined a renotninalion,
and removed to Chicago, where he opened a printing es-
tablishment on his own account. He remained in Chicago
until i860, when he disposed of his printing establishment,
went to Connecticut, and there engaged in mercantile busi-
ness. In a short time after his arrival he was made Post-
master of the village in which he resided, filling the olltce
for six years, lie took an active interest in public affairs,
and by his intelligence and upright conduct won the con-
fidence of all who knew hint. In 1862 Mr. Hodge was
elected to the House of Representatives of the General As-
sembly of Connecticut. In 1864 Mr. Hodge was elected to
the State Senate, lie served bis constituents so faithfully
that he was returned to the Senate, of which he was unani-
mously chosen the presiding officer. l!y this time he had
become prominent in Stale politics and was generally
respected and trusted. During the war the governor ap-
pointed Mr. Hodge on a commission to care for Connecti-
cut’s sick and wounded soldiers, lie was also personally
authorized by the governor to receive the vote of the Con-
necticut soldiers in the field, cast for President in 1S64.
Mr. Hodge discharged the duties of both of these positions
with intelligence and fidelity. In 1867 he disposed of his
interests in Connecticut and returned to Cleveland, where
he engaged in real estate operations. In 1871 lie was
elected to the City Council, being successively re-elected in
1S73 and 1875. In the latter year he was the choice of the
Republicans for President, but was defeated by one vole,
owing to the action of two or three members of his own
party. Mr. Hodge has born an active part in the promo-
tion of every public enterprise which promised to further
the growth and prosperity of Cleveland. He was one 'of
the eailicst advocates ol the viaduct project, and to him A
given the credit ol securing the land along the lake for park
purposes, lie has represented his district in the Stale
Legislature, lining elected by a greater majority than any
other candidate received. Mr. 1 lodge is a skilful debater,
a forcible speaker, and one of the best parliamentarians in
Ohio. Throughout his private and public life he has main-
tained a character of strict integrity, lie has been success-
ful in business as a result of hard work and natural fitness
for the conduct of affairs. Several years since, failing
health obliged him to retire from business. Since then he
has lived on the accumulated fruits of his industry. Mr.
Hodge was a Democrat until the outbreak of the rebellion,
when he joined the Republican party, with which he has
since acted. In October, 1855, he married l.ydia R. Doanc,
by whom he has one son, grown almost to manhood.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 565

_L, W. D., ex-Superintendent of Insurance, was
born in Virginia, about 1836. In 1848 he moved
to Ohio, w here he attended the public schools
and made use ol the remainder ol his time on the
farm. 1 laving laid a good foundation, he entered
Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, Ohio, of
w hich Horace Mann, of Massachusetts, was at that time
President. In 1857 Mr. Hill went to Springfield, Ohio,
and began a course of law reading with James M. Hunt.
Mr. Hill was admitted tu the bar in i860. He entered
upon the practice of his profession in Springfield, of which
city he w as elected Mayor in 1863. He discharged the
duties of the mayoralty for one year, and then became a
resident of Defiance county. In 1865 he was elected to the
lower House of the Legislature, from Defiance, Williams,
and Paulding counties. He was re-elected three succes-
sive times, by increased majorities. In 1870 Mr. Hill was
defeated for Congress in the Toledo District. For fifteen
years he has been actively engaged in the practice of his
profession. He has served several years as President of the
Defiance County Agricultural Society. In February, 1S75,
Mr. Hill was appointed by Governor Allen to be Superin-
tendent of Insurance. He is at present counsel for the
Chicago Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In
politics Mr. Hill is a Democrat, and has taken a prominent
place in his party. He is a member of the Democratic
State Cenlrd Committee from the Fifth District. June 3d,
1863, he married Augusta B. March, at Springfield. The
family residence is at llickville, Defiance county.

^ALZEI.L, JAMES >1., Lawyer, was born, Sep-
tember 3d, 1838, in the city of Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, and is a son of Robert and Anna Dal-
zcll, now ol Fayette Springs, Pennsylvania. They
arc both living (1876), the former aged seventy-
four, and the latter seventy-six years; and are
both devout members of the United Presbyterian Church ;
they were married, December 251I1, 1836, in Pittsburgh.
In 1847 the family left that eity and took up their residence
in Noble county, Ohio, w here their son James has ever
since remained, lie graduated at Dull’s College, in 1856.
During the late civil war he served in the ranks of the
1 1 6th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, for three years; and after
his return home, received the appointment of a clerkship in
the Treasury Department at Washington, District of Colum-
bia, which he fille'd for two years. In l£68 he graduated
from the Columbian Law College, and also from the Co-
lumbian College, and commenced the practice of the law at
his home, at Caldwell, Ohio, in the same year, and has so
continued to the present time, lie held the cilice of Dis-
trict Attorney of his county for two years; and in the
autumn of 1873 was elected a member of the Ohio Legis-
lature on the Republican ticket, as a Representative from

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566

] i IOG R A P 1 1 1 C A L E N C Y C LO 1 VE D I A .

Noble county. Like his father, lie was, prior to the organi-
zation of the Republican party, an Abolitionist of the ultra
school. l''or twenty years he has been an occasional con-
tributor to all the leading newspapers in the country, and
since the war has generally written over the signature of
“ Private Dalzell,” by which name he is probably better
known than by bis proper signature. lie is a member of
the Old School Presbyterian Church, and a Ruling Elder
in that communion. He was married, November 29th,
1S67, to Hattie M. Kelley, and is the father of four chil-
dren— three daughters, Nellie Grant, Lena May and Anna,
and one son, James Monroe. Mrs. Dalzell has been a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for over twenty
years. She is one year younger than her husband, and
is a beautiful and noble woman.

I

" IIISIIOLM, HENRY, Iron Master, was born in
I.ochgelly, Fifeshire, Scotland, April 22d, 1822.
At ten years of age he lost his father, Stewart
Chisholm, a mining contractor. He attended
school until he was twelve years of age, when he
was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner for
five years. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he re-
moved to Glasgow and worked at his trade until he was
twenty, and then emigrated to Canada, and worked at his
trade in Montreal seven years, first as a journeyman and
then on his own account. 1 1 is success was remarkable, as
hi. business became one of the most extensive of the kind
in that city. In 1850 lie removed to Cleveland and con-
tracted to build the breakwater for the Cleveland & Pitts-
burgh Railroad Company, where their road terminates at
the lake. This work required three years, was from the
fust under his immediate supervision, and gave such entire
satisfaction that for a long time thereafter he was con-
stantly employed in constructing piers and docks along
Lake Erie, in front of Cleveland. In 1S57, under the linn-
name of ( 'hi Point, Jones < 'o., a tolling mill was erected
for the purpose of making railroad iron. Soon the linn
was changed, so that it w as Stone, Chisholm K Jones. The
capacity of the mill was about fifty tons per day, and about
one hundred and fifty men were employed. The new rails
were made of iron from the ores of Lake Superior, which
was brought to Cleveland on the lakes; but a part of the
work was re-rolling old rails. In 1S59 his company built
a blast furnace in Newburg, which proved an important
addition to their works; it was the first of the kind in that
part of Ohio. In 1S60 another furnace was built and ad-
ditions made to the rolling mill for the purpose of manufac-
turing all kinds of merchant iron as well as rails. He next
built a rolling mill in Chicago, and two blast furnaces in
Indiana to partially supply Chicago with pig-iron such as
was made in Cleveland from the ores of Lake Superior and

Missouri. 1 1 is eldest son, William, was appointed general
manager of the Chicago mill. In 1864 the firm of Stone,
Chisholm ii: Jones established the Cleveland Rolling Mill
Company, into which the partnership merged, and the Lake
Shore Rolling Mill was added by purchase. In 1865 the
company constructed the Bessemer Steel Works, it being
the second in the United States and one of the most perfect
establishments of its kind in the world. It commenced
with twenty thousand tons annually, and enlarged until its
capacity was thirty thousand tons of steel yearly, gave em-
ployment to about fifteen hundred men and turned out
from two to three million dollars worth of steel each year.
Although the 'steel rails manufactured by the Bessemer
works were shipped to all parts of the country, and the de-
mand was constant in addition, at least ten thousand tons
of other steel, such as tire, merchant and spring steel, were
manufactured. A wire mill was added, which made an-
nually from four to five thousand tons of steel wire, from
the coarsest size to the finest hair. All shapes of steel
forging were also produced at the Bessemer works. The
company owned their own mines on Lake Superior, and
kept about two hundred and fifty men employed in produc-
ing ore. The annual products of this company amounted
to between six and seven million dollars. In 1871 Mr.
Chisholm organized, independent of the Cleveland Roll-
ing Mill Company, the Union Rolling Mill Company of
Chicago, which did a business of about two and a half
million dollars. With his Chicago partners he erected
another rolling mill at Decatur, Illinois. All of these
establishments gave employment to twenty-five hundred
men, and the aggregate of the business was about ten mil-
lion dollars per annum. No iron business of this country
has ever achieved such enormous growth from such small
beginnings in so short a lime. Mr. Chisholm, when he
landed in Montreal, in 1S42, had not a dollar. In 1857,
w ith twenty-five thousand dollars saved in eighteen years
from his earnings and contracts, he began the iron business,
and in less than eighteen years from that time he had an
investment of about ten million dollars. The panics never
materially injured his business, but his companies have
been able to aid many railroads in times of trouble, lie
has never taken a prominent part in politics. All benevo-
lent institutions and those of a charitable and philanthropic
character have received large donations from his liberal
hands. He was a trustee of four of the charitable institu-
tions of Cleveland, and for more than twenty years has been
an active member of the Second Baptist Church of the
city, and also one of its Deacons and Trustees. He is a
heavy stockholder in several banking and manufacturing
institutions. Before leaving Scotland he married Jean
Allen, of Dunfermline, Fifeshire, and now has five chil-
dren. The eldest son, William, who exhibits the qualities
of his father in a marked degree, is manager of the Chicago
works ; Stewart, the second son, is in charge of the rolling
mills in Cleveland; and Wilson B., the youngest, is in

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/EDIA.

567

charge of the works in Newburg, including steel works, blast
furnaces and rolling mills, lie has two daughters, Kath-
arine and Jeannette.

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»OTZE, ADOI.P11US, Manufacturer, was born in
tlie town of Muenden, in the late kingdom of
llanover, August 11th, 1812. His parents were
respectable Germans of the middle class and the
proprietors of an inn. It was during the invasion
of the French under the first Napoleon, and while
the invaders were quartered in the town, and some of them
in his parents’ inn, that Adolphus was born. The name
“ Lot/.e ” is German for “pilot,” and its representative in
Cincinnati has faithfully maintained its significance. At
the age of nine he lost his father, but his surviving parent
gave him a good education. He attended school until his
fourteenth year, and then became an apprentice to a tin-
smith in his native town. In this capacity he served four
years. Not caring to seek Ins fortune in a country already
overcrowded with skilled labor, and more especially having
an aversion to the life of a tramping journeyman, he re-
solved to emigrate to America, lie embarked at Bremen,
October 1 Slh, 1S30, and airived at Baltimore in the De-
cember following. After working at his trade for a short
time he turned his attention to the solving of the scientific
problem of heat and ventilation. From Baltimore he made
his way to Philadelphia, and thence to Newark, New York
and Boston, in all which places he applied himself to the
study of heat and ventilation through the agency of warm-
air furnaces. The vigorous prosecution of his experiments
was destined to make him a prosperous merchant and a
benefactor of humanity. In the spring of 1838 he took up
his residence in Cincinnati, and in the year following he
founded his present large and important manufacturing in-
dustry. He was the inventor and maker of the first warm-
air furnace manufactured in the Western States. This
furnace was built in the old residence of the lion. D. K.
Este, at Ninth and Main streets, in 1S40. So well was

Judge Este pleased with it that he ordered one of the same
pattern for his new and more palatial residence, twenty
years later. In 1853 the inventor visited Europe, including
his birth-place, but spent most of his time in examining
and investigating the methods of heat and ventilation in
vogue there, as well as the various kinds of stoves, cooking-
ranges, etc., used. On his return he added to his business
the manufacture of cooking-ranges, and with a success that
far exceeded his expectations. Two years previous to this
he had erected his first business house at No. 217 Walnut
street, and this he was compelled from time to time to en-
large, until it now has a frontage of 33 feet on Walnut
street and a depth of 200 feet to Lodge street. Up to 1874
the firm-name was A. Lotze & Co., but at this date it
was changed to A. Lotze & Sons, although the founder
was the only member ol the firm. In May, 1S75, he asso-

ciated his two eldest sons in the business, each equally
sharing with himself. Having for two years been a sufferer
from a most terrible and insidious disease, he again visited
Europe in the summer of 1875, in the hope of being able
to effect a cure. His disease, known as progressive mus-
cular atrophy, has to this day baffled the skill of the most
eminent physicians and defied the curative properties of the
baths and mineral springs of Europe and America. Al-
though a confirmed invalid, his mind is unimpaired, and he
is never troubled with low spirits. His visit to Europe was
not followed by the least benefit, and he returned to the
bosom of his family after seven months’ absence. II is af-
fliction, though weakening him day by day, is nevertheless
painless. But its silent ravages have unfitted him for the
activities of life, and his condition is such that he never
leaves his home, where he is surrounded by a large and
affectionate family. In February, 1840, he was married to
Magdalene Bering, a descendant of a noble family of
Rhenish Bavaria, and five sons and five daughters are the
fruits of this union. Nine of these survive. Several are
married. Ilis third son, C. M. Lotze, is an attorney-at-law
in Cincinnati. Three sons have charge of the business, the
youngest having succeeded the founder. The business is a
very prosperous one, and will ever reflect credit upon the
originator. For nearly forty years he devoted himself to
the study of the science of heat and ventilation, and he
ranks with the greatest men of his class in the world. lie
succeeded beyond expectation in a city where many others
had lamentably failed, and the reputation of his manufac-
tures extends over the whole Western country. He has
given character to his business and made Cincinnati a
centre for the manufacture of heating and cooking ap-
paratus. *

EM PEL, FERDINAND FREDERIC, of Logan,
Docking county, Ohio, Merchant, Banker and
Real Estate Operator, was born in Bielefeld,
Westphalia, Prussia, June 20th, 1S24, and is the
youngest son of Hieronymus F. Rempcl. lie
comes of a family whose members have held
many important positions in their native country. Ilis
father founded the College of Bielefeld, Prussia, and acted
as a professor in and superintendent of this institution until
the time of his death ; he was widely known, and highly
esteemed for his learning and intelligence. His oldest
brother, Frederic Rempel, was a professor at the college in
Ham, while another brother, Rudolph Rempel, attained
distinction as a politician, and was engaged extensively in
manufacturing pursuits in the city of Bielefeld, Prussia. The
laboring classes of that city, in acknowledgment of his great
and zealous interest in their welfare, caused the erection of a
splendid memorial monument in the garden of the Concordia
Society, lie came to this country with his sister and brother-
in law, G. Spoilcder, in 1834, and settled with them, near

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568

ISI0GRAPII1CAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Lancaster, Ohio, on a farm now occupied l>y lion. J. T. lira-
sec. Here he was suhsecpienlly engaged for a time, in the
interest of G. Sporleder, in a laboratory. 1 1 is knowledge
of English slmly and the English language was acquired
primarily under the instructions of Captain August Witte,
a prominent foreigner of excellent attainments. Through
subsequent sedulous application he rapidly mastered the
difficulties of the new tongue, and at the present time con-
verses fluently in the English language, lie remained with
his brother-in-law until 1838, when he removed to Colum-
bus, Ohio, in company with a distinguished German family
whose head was Baron Von Raschkauw, holding the po-
sitions of English tutor to the children and assistant to the
father. At the expiration of a brief period he relinquished
his connection with the family and returned to Lancaster,
Ohio, where he found employment as a clerk in a whole-
sale grocery store owned by E. 1. Boving, there remaining
for one year, when he was appointed to take charge of
a branch store in Logan, Ohio. In 1S43 lie became,
by purchase, the proprietor of this branch, and since then
has successfully conducted it as a general merchandise
stoic. Since 1S40 he has been intimately identified as a
merchant with the trade interests of Logan and Hocking
county, and throughout this section of the State i-. favorably
known as a business man of intelligence, integrity and ability.
In 1846 he commenced his operations in real estate, mani-
festing from the outset shrewd judgment in 1 1 is purchases,
and unwavering faith in the ultimate development of the
locality selected by him as his field of operations. In 1850
lie returned to Europe, in order to visit his relatives and
friends, and there spent one year, travelling during that
time in Prussia, E’rance and England. In 1855 he estab-
lished a line of stage coaches in the Hocking valley, and
conducted this enterprise with great profit until tS6S. The
line eventually became one of the most extensive in the
State, and, through careful and efficient management, con-
stantly enjoyed the fullest patronage of the public. Being
under the direct superintendency of John Borland, Esq., a
veteran stage-route manager, and agent formerly of the
Ohio Stage Gompany, in the selection of employes Colonel
Rcmpcl exhibited good judgment, as they principally re-
mained in said employment, with him, until the completion
of the Hocking Valley Railroad dismissed the enterprise.
During the thirteen years of its existence, although its stages
traversed about two hundred miles per diem, its record was
not marred by a single accident. In politics, prior to the
outbreak of the rebellion, lie was a supporter of the Dem-
ocratic party, but upon the initiation of active hostilities
was one of the first to abandon his ancient allies and join
the Union party as a war-Dcmocrat. With that organiza-
tion he acted during the ensuing struggle. In 1 86 1 he ran
as an Independent candidate, against the regular Dem-
ocratic nominee, for the Legislature of his State, and was
defeated by only live votes in Hocking county, which had
during an extended period of time given an average majority

of seven hundred for the regular Democratic ticket. Colonel
Rcmpcl, in politics and representing local affairs, is classed
among the independent men of the State; with strong attach-
ment to friends, is fearlessly carrying out his own sentiments,
if in opposition to local popularity, and supporting with force
of character his own conviction of policy in local interests and
improvements. December 3d, 1861, he was appointed, by
Governor Dennison, Superintendent of Ohio. troops in West
Virginia, with the rank of Captain of Cavalry; and on the
following December 5th was promoted to the rank of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the 58th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry. Erom December 5th, 1861, until his regiment was
ordered to the front he was acting Post Commander at Camp
Chase. Ecbruary 10th, 1S62, his regiment was assigned to
General Thayer’s brigade, division of General Lew Wallace.
On the succeeding Ecbruary 131I1 he was with, and in com-
mand of, his regiment at the important battle of hurt Don-
elson. The following lines, from “Ohio in the War,” tell
their own story: “ Preparations were at once made to take
part in the assault on the fort. The colonel being sick, the
second officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Rcmpcl, took command,
lie led the regiment at once toward the enemy. After
moving a short distance a furious attack was made by the
enemy, but the shock was met w ith coolness, and ended
with the rebels being hurled back into their intrcnch-
ments.” Ecbruary 14th, 1S62, he, with his regiment, was
the first to enter on the right of the rebel batteries, fronting
the Nashville road. There, forming a square, he received
the surrender of the confederate artillery commanders, wdio
were afterward sent to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. 1 1 is
regiment participated afterward in the battle of Pittsburgh
Landing and in several other prominent actions, l'or his
services in the army be receiviSl the highest commendation
from his superior officers, especially from Generals Thayer,
Wallace, Strickland and McClernand, who, in official re-
ports, commended his capacity and gallantry. Alter his
promotion to the office of Provost-Marshal of the army, at
Pittsburgh Landing, he became prominently connected
w ith the leading ollicers of the Army of the Tennessee, and
acted an important p ut in the refutation of the malicious
charges then preferred against General Grant. On this oc-
casion he reported the facts to President Lincoln, and also
to the different departments. He held the office of Provost-
Marshal until he resigned his commission, in August, 1862,
in order to resume the conduct of his extensive business,
which had been suffering through his protracted absence.
Upon his return from the army he was appointed Provost-
Marshal in his district, and held this office until the close
of the war. That position, owing to the prevailing senti-
ment against the draft in Hocking county, was encompassed
with difficulties, but he was constrained to accept it through
the earnest solicitations of the best citizens of both the two
great political parties, and its duties were performed by him
in an entirely satisfactory manner, lie was subsequently
appointed District Revenue Inspector, and, under special

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

569

orders, visited several important cities of the West, lie
retained this office until it was abolished, lie has also
acted as Deputy United Slates Marshal, under A. C. Sands,
General Ilickenloopcr and Major Thrall. At the time
of the invasion of Ohio by the rebels, under General John
Morgan, he was noted as an active spirit, and, in command
of a volunteer company, continued in pursuit of the guerilla
chief until his final capture. After the war lie resumed his
operations in real estate. In 1S71 his enterprise and public
spirit found expression in the construction of a superb opera
house in his adopted town, a structure which reflects great
credit upon the city and upon the builder, and will long
stand as a monument of his industry and success. He is
now one of the largest property holders in the county, and
deservedly takes rank among the influential and valued
members of the community in which he lives and among
the leading citizens of the State of Ohio. Through his in-
fluence with the Post-office Department he has thoroughly
revised and increased the mail facilities of the county, and
in various other ways has aided importantly in increasing
its general welfare and prosperity. Colonel Rempel has
served as Postmaster, and repeatedly as a member of the
Council of Logan, and as Bank Director of the First
National Bank of Logan, in all of which his ability was
manifested and generally acknowledged.

^ASSAUREK, FREDERICK, Lawyer, Journalist
and Author, was born in Vienna, Austria, October
8th, 1832. d lie revolution of 1S4S found him a
i~y at college, where he participated, as a mem-
ber of the Academic Legion, in the defence of his
native city against the Imperial troops. In 1849
he came to the United States, and to Cincinnati, where he
found employment as sub-editor and translator on the Ohio
Slants Zeitmi", a German daily newspaper. During the
following year he commenced the publication of Dcr Jloch-
loiii /iti'r, a weekly journal, which he sold after several years
of prosperous management. Having studied law, he was
admitted to the bar in 1S57, and soon acquired a lucrative
practice. Taking a natural interest in the polities of the
day, he became one of the organizers of the Republican
party in Ohio, and one of its most prominent speakers, both
in German and English. In 1 86 1 President Lincoln ap-
pointed him Minister Resident to the South American
Republic of Ecuador, with which he concluded a treaty
securing the establishment of a mixed commission for the
settlement of claims. Under this treaty he acted as Com-
missioner on the part of the United States, and some of his
decisions have frequently been cited before similar commis-
sions, and also by the Congressional Committees on Foreign
Allairs. In 1865 he resigned the mission to Ecuador, and
during the same year was connected as partner with the
Daily I'olhs/i/atl, the leading German newspaper ol Cincin-
12

nati. This journal is now the property of a company, of
which he is the President. He is also its editor-in-chief.
The result of his South American observations and re-
searches lie published in a book, entitled “ Four Years
Among Spanish Americans.” He is the author of a ro-
mance, now in the press, ami numerous essays on various
subjects. He is concerned in all movements of importance
to the city and Stale, and ever manifests in his labors a
large public spirit.

cJ/jf'pGDDARD, HON. CHARLES BACKUS, Lawyer,
ffillv was -born, 1796, in Plainfield, Connecticut, and
( IJ 1 was a son of Hon. Calvin Goddard, a distin-
C'-'.-’o guixhed advocate and counsellor at law. He
w Ti received a superior academic education prepara-
tory to entering Yale College, and graduated
from that seminary in the class of 1814. lie subsequently
entered the office of his father, then residing in Norwich,
with whom he commenced the study of law, completing his
readings under the preceptorship of Judge Griswold, of
Lyme, lie was admitted to the bar in Connecticut, and
removed to Ohio, settling at Zanesville, where, in 1S17, he
was admitted to the bar of the Ohio courts. lie at once
commenced the practice of his profession in that town,
which he had made his residence, and continued there
until his death, nearly half a century afterwards. He was
twice elected to the House of Representatives of the State,
and also twice to the Stale Senate, and was Speaker of the
latter body during one term, lie married a daughter of
Daniel Converse, one of the pioneers of Muskingum county.
He died in Zanesville, February ^ist, 1864.

RMSTRONG, FRANK A., Manager of the West-
ern Union Telegraph Company and Member of
the Board of Education of Cincinnati, was born
in Cincinnati in iSjS. His father, Frank N.
Armstrong, has been a resident of Cincinnati for
fifty years. He himself received his education
in the public schools of that city. At the age of fifteen he
entered the office of the old O’Riley line of telegraphs, as a
messenger, and has been uninterruptedly engaged in the
telegraph business ever since; but one man in Cincinnati has
now been longer connected with it than he. Mr. Armstrong
is a member of the National Telegraphers’ Life Associa-
tion, and is its agent in Cincinnati, has frequently been the
Cincinnati delegate to the New York Conventions, and has
been otherwise prominent in telegraph affairs. In 1872 he
was elected a member of the Board of Education. In 1874
he was again elected to that body and is one of its most
earnest and efficient working members. In the great Bible
contest in the schools of Cincinnati, Mr. Armstrong took an

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

active outside stand against the sacred volume in the schools.
During this long career he has occupied the various inter-
mediate positions, until several years ago he was made
Manager of the Cincinnati Ollices of the Western Union
Telegraph Company, lie Began when telegraphy was in
its infancy in this country — when But four or hve opera-
tors were partially employed in Cincinnati — when Busi-
ness men were content to receive answer, at high rates,
from New York in a day, and he is 'one of the most
thoroughly posted and representative telegraph men of the
country. lie possesses those traits of character which al-
ways distinguish the uncompromising opponent in questions
of principle, as well as enthusiastic support and attachment
in friendship and conscientious advocacy of right. lie is
largely political in his aspirations, and here, as in social and
business affairs, is deservedly popular. He is yet a young
man, with an enviable career Before him. In 1S63 he was
married to S. Bella Peel.

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EYS, JOHN FINLEY, one of the leading pioneer
merchants of Cincinnati, was Born in Maytown,
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, April 27th, 17S6.
lie was the eldest of the three sons of Richard
Keys, the son of James Keys, who came to this
country from the north of Ireland about the year
1750, and settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania. Richard
Keys was Born in 1760, and at the age of nineteen Became
a lieutenant in the revolutionary army. lie was afterwards
married to Mary Buyley, daughter of James Buylcy, also
from the same part of Ireland. After Richard’s marriage
he lived at Anderson’s Ferry, or Marietta, on the Susque-
hanna river, then at Maytown, and in 1S01 removed to
Baltimore, Maryland, where the subject of this sketch, at
the age of fifteen, Began his career as a Business man in a
shipping and commission house. In 1S09 he was sent to
the West Indies on Business of great importance connected
with his house. Executing this mission with satisfaction,
he returned to Baltimore, and in August of the following
year was married to Margaret Barr, sister of Major William
Barr. In December of the same year he moved to Cincin-
nati. Remaining But a few months, in the spring of 1811 he
took up his residence in Chillicothe. There the mercantile
house of Barr & Keys was formed, and carried on an exten-
sive and successful business until in 1815, when he again
returned to Baltimore, and Became a member of the firm of
Barr, Keys & Welsh. But finding it to his taste and advan-
tage, in 1817 he returned to Cincinnati, with a view to making
it his permanent home. And there he did, indeed, remain
for nearly fifty years, only a few years Before his death re-
siding at Glendale. During the greater put of that long
period he was actively engaged in Business, and was thor-
oughly identified with all the Best interests of the city. He
came to Cincinnati when it was without the pretensions of

a city, being but a village. In 1818 he himself Built the
first three-story Brick house ever erected in that city. This
Building stood on the south side of Pearl street. He also
Built, and for years occupied, the frame mansion at the foot
of Vine Street Hill, now a part of the McMicken estate,
and constituting a part of the McMicken University grounds.
This was then in the woods, far Beyond the village or town
limits. Few men were so long uninterruptedly concerned
in the growth and business of the city as Mr. Keys. And
doubtlessly no man ever lived more in the esteem and con-
lidence of the people of Cincinnati. Soon after his location
in Chillicothe, lie was elected Ruling Elder in the Presby-
terian Church of that place. This position he filled in the
various churches with which he was connected until his
death. In this long Christian record his great effort was to
illustrate his frith By his works, and in the church history
of Cincinnati, probably few men can Be found who suc-
ceeded Better in this difficult undertaking. 1 1 is family
relations were, like those of his church and society at large,
of the most exemplary character. This he realized in his
declining years, By the great care bestowed upon him By
his children. Four of his family of eight children are now
living in Cincinnati, and are known as worthy followers of
their universally esteemed Christian father. At his home
in Glendale, on the 191I1 day of May, 1865, this Christian
pioneer passed away, with the words upon his lips, “ May
the Lord not long delay his coming.”

J^^ARRETSON, JOSEPH, M. D., Ilomceopathic
Physician, was b^rn, February 27th, 1808, in
York county, Pennsylvania. Ilis parents were of
English origin, members of the Society of Friends,
and followed an agricultural life. He attended
the country school near his home in early youth,
and upon his father’s removal, in 1821, to New Lisbon,
Columbiana county, Ohio, resumed his studies in the
schools which that place afforded. When sixteen years old
he left home, and Began life for himself in a tannery at
Salem, Ohio. After working for four years at this locality,
he joined his father, at the age of twenty, in a tannery which
the latter had purchased at New Lisbon, meanwhile Becom-
ing a student in the private medical school of Dr. George
McCook in that town. For five years he worked with his
father and studied with the doctor. He then removed to
Marlborough, Stark county, and joined his cousin, Dr. Ker-
sey Thomas, with whom he remained two years. About this
time he Became acquainted with Dr. Lee, of Ravenna, and
was led to investigate and finally adopt homoeopathy. Being
sanguine of its superiority over the allopathic school, and its
final triumph among the intelligent masses, lie removed to
New Richmond, Ohio, ami vigorously commenced his med-
ical career, lie remained there four years, But Believing a
larger field was now necessary he went to Richmond, In

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

57*

diana, where lie sojourned for eleven years, quietly con-
quering much of the opposition and ridicule then so preva-
lent against the school of Hahnemann. Becoming unsatis-
fied, however, with his limited held, at the end ol this long
practice in Richmond, among the numerous friends and
acquaintances gathered around him, he concluded to pro-
ceed to Cincinnati, and in 1865 joined his brother, Dr.
Jesse Garretson, in that city. After six years copartnership
lie found it to his advantage to withdraw from this connec-
tion, and as his son George, after leaving the Union army
at the conclusion of the war, had completed his medical
education, he associated the latter with him in his practice,
lie W'.as, as has been remarked above, one of the pioneers in
homoeopathy, commencing when there were no schools in-
culcating that theory, and the new dogma, similia similibus
curantur, was only presented for approval under trying cir-
cumstances. lie thoroughly mastered the hydropathic
system, and at present attributes his great success to his
careful handling of all hygienic means, together with the
indicated homoeopathic remedies in which he early placed
his faith and staked both his reputation and chances of
success. To him the practice of medicine is a principle and
want of his life, and not the road to honor or the accumula-
tion of worldly goods. Considering the great mass of men,
his private personal habits are remarkable. For the past
fifty years he has drank neither tea nor coffee; for forty
years he has eaten no meat of any kind whatever, and for
sixteen years he abstained from the use of salt. Respecting
this latter article, he is satisfied that its disuse has been of
great benefit to him ; moreover, that his abstinence from
meals, coffee and tea, has added years of health and comfort
to his life, lie never retires at night without a thorough
dry shampooing from head to feet, and immediately on
rising indulges in a bath. During twenty-seven years
of professional life he has never been prevented from at-
tendance upon a call, by reason of any personal ailment,
lie was married in 1834 to Caroline Hughes, of Maryland,
a member of the Society of Friends, who died April 12th,
1874. By this marriage he had three children, two of
whom survive, lie was married a second time on Septem-
ber 22d, 1S75.

^IIOMTSON, M. F., was born, June 7th, 1822, in
the city of Wheeling (now' West) Virginia, where
he was educated. He resided there until 1835,
when the family removed to Ohio, locating in the
village of Ilebron, Licking county. Shortly after
becoming settled, he entered the service of Cully
& Taylor, the most prominent merchants, pork packers, and
grain dealers in the place. He lived with the family of the
senior partner, receiving sixty dollars the lirsl year for his
services in addition to his board. After remaining with
them three years lie went to Zanesville, w here he found im-

mediate employment as a salesman in the dry-goods estab-
lishment of Taylor & Brother. 1 1 is engagement here lasted
several years, but being somewhat ambitious to move in a
wider field, he resigned his position, and left for Cincinnati,
where he ai lived in Apiil, 1843. lie was accompanied by
a friend who was under an engagement to enter the employ
of Robert llazlell as a clerk, that gentleman intending to
open a dry-goods house on Fifth street west of Race, which
establishment was familiarly known as the Iiee-IIive.
Without any friends in the city, without any special letters
of recommendation other than testimonials of good charac-
ter and capacity for business, and without any great super-
abundance of means, he was naturally anxious enough to
find employment. It so happened that the proprietor of the
Bee- 1 live concluded that he might find him to be of service
to him, and he was immediately installed as a salesman in
his establishment. During his connection with this house
he became largely acquainted with the best families in the
city, and numbered among them many warm personal
friends. He also attended a commercial academy, where
he was thoroughly instructed in double-entry bookkeeping,
and fitted himself to take charge of the books and counting-
room correspondence of a large business. Being desirous
of obtaining a position in a wholesale house, where his ac-
quirements could be appreciated, he left the Bee-IIive after
several years of service therein, and entered the wholesale
grocery establishment of Thomas II. Minor & Co., one of
the largest and most successful houses of its kind in the city.
At this time he received for his services a salary, not only
sufficient to support himself comfortably, but also to en-
able him to contribute in some measure to the help of some
of his kindred, lie remained with this firm for several
years, during which time thereVxisted between himself and
the partners the most agreeable and confidential relations.
At the instance of the senior partner, he .was solicited to
unite with Charles Fisher— the latter having been a pork-
packer at one time — and open a wholesale grocery and
commission house, without any cash capital, and without
any absolute knowledge of the business save that acquired
through a counting-room education, lie reluctantly con-
sented to form a copartnership, and business was commenced
under the firm-name of Fisher & Thompson. By close ap-
plication and persistent efforts the business of the house,
including its commission sales, reached a very respectable
amount, although by reason of the depressed condition of
the country, the prevalence of the cholera during the sum-
mers of 1848 and 1849, and also the great Hood during the
winter of 1847-48, the profits in the business were not re-
munerative, and he withdrew from the concern. During
his connection with this enterprise, the firm had all the credit
it needed for the prosecution of its business, with ample
assets to meet the liabilities. He next engaged with the
linn of Bates, W’hitehcr V Co., wholesale dealers in hats,
caps, furs and straw goods, taking charge of the books, cor-
respondence and finances, which position he retained up to

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572

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

the baling of iS54, when lie, with \V. C. Whilcher as a
copartner, purchased the stock and good-will of Ira II.
Chase, who was then retiring from the hat and cap business.
The new linn assumed die name and style of M. K. Thomp-
son & Co., which continued until the death of \Y. C. \Vhit-
cher, which occurred in the year 1862, when it was dissolved
by that event. I le then purchased the interest of his late
partner from the estate, assuming and liquidating all the lia-
bilities, and in addition to the capital contributed by his late
partner, paid to the administrators of the estate a profit of
nearly 8-0,000. lie has since associated with him Charles
S. Goodrich and Calvin I'eeble, under the linn-name of
Thompson, Goodrich & C'o., and continued the business.
At the commencement of the house the sales were small,
but steadily increased, and in no small measure remunerative.
It has been a matter for congratulation that the credit of the
house has always been undoubted, and this has been owing,
not so much to the amount of capital invested, as to the
fact that their engagements have ever been promptly met,
never permitting an open account to fully mature, nor a note
to be extended. lie united with the Presbyterian Church
in 1857, and has held official relations for the past fifteen
years in the congregations of which he has been and is a
member. lie has been connected with the Mercantile
Library for twenty years past, and was in the Hoard of
Directors in the year 1851. lie was married, February
17th, 1S53, to Anna Maria Keakirt, and has three children
living.

OI.I. INS, GILBERT G., Lawyer, was born in
Essex county, New Jersey, July 10th, 1830. lie
is the son of Andrew T. Collins and Mary
(Green) Collins ; his father was of English and
Irish descent, his mother of Scotch descent. In
the spring of 1839 he removed with his parents
to Franklin county, Ohio, and settled near Columbus, where
they resided until the decease of his parents, his father
being a teacher in the public schools. At an early period
lie became a diligent and earnest student, and acquired,
largely by his own energy and industry, a good education.
From 1854 to 1859 he was engaged in teaching, and in
preparing himself to enter 19)011 the study of the law, the
profession he had long cherished. In March, 1 S59, he
commenced the study of law with Messrs. Dennison &
Carrington, at Columbus, but before his studies were com-
pleted Mr. Dennison was elected Governor of Ohio, and
Mr. Carrington was appointed Adjutant-General of the
Slate, and Mr. Collins being left without an instructor in
the law, was induced to accept a position as Clerk of the
Adjutant-General, in which he remained during the early
part of the war of rebellion, lie nevertheless continued to
read law, and in March, 1861, was admitted to practise in
the State Courts, and afterwards in the United States
Courts. I11 the spring of 1862 he commenced the practice

GSL'T)

of law in connection with Mr. Dennison, whose term of
office as Governor had expired. '1 hey continued in asso-
ciation for about two years, when Mr. Dennison, being ten-
dered the office ol I’ostmaslei General by President Lincoln
and accepting the position, Mr. Collins continued the prac-
tice. Politically he is a Republican, and has been since the
party was first organized, but has never taken an active pait
in politics. In 1873 consented to become the Republi-
can candidate for the office of City Solicitor of Columbus,
and although Ins party was greatly in the minority, he was
elected, and held the office two years, during which time he
conducted the business of his department with’ ability and
success, lie inaugurated a system of retrenchment and
reform in the administration of the city government, that has
placed the city upon a sound and safe financial basis, and
insured its credit at home and abroad, lie has been for a
number of years past prominently connected with the va-
rious interests of Columbus, and has taken an active part in
extending and building up the city, and establishing manu-
facturing and various other industries and enterprises that
are making it a thriving and prosperous community, and
benefiting all central Ohio. As a lawyer he stands well,
and has an extensive practice. lie is a man of strict in-
tegrity, and possesses the confidence and esteem of the
com munity.

ECU MANN, CHARLES V., Civil Engineer and
Lawyer, was born, October 13th, 1S20, in

Rothenfels, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany,
and is the fifth of eleven children, whose parents
were Ludwig and Euphrosine (Fink) Beclnnann,
both natives of Baden, and died there, lie re-
ceived a liberal education, and in 1S45 graduated from the
Polytechnic Institute of Carlsruhe, Germany. Ilis first oc-
cupation after graduation was that of a Civil Engineer in the
service of the government, in which he continued until the
revolution of 1848 broke out. Having sympathized with
this movement and rendered assistance to those engaged in
this movement against the government, he as an officer of
the army was forced to seek safety in fiight, and in 1S50
landed at New York. He remained in that city some two
months, making window blinds, and thence removed to
Newark, New Jersey, where he passed a year, having found
employment as a trunk maker. In March, 1831, he went to
Cincinnati, and became engaged with Architect Rodgers as
a draughtsman, remaining with him a year; and subse-
quently practised his profession as Civil Engineer and Ar-
chitect for five years. At this time he was appointed by
Secretary S. P. Chase, Assistant Internal Revenue Collector,
in which position he served until 1865. He was then
elected a member of City Council, serving as such for two
years, up to the close of i860. In 1867 he was elected
County Commissioner, and held that office until 1870. He
then commenced the practice of law, which, with his duties

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B IOC. R A PI 1 1 C A L ENCYCLOPEDIA.

573

as Magistrate, lias confined his attention to the present
time. His political views are those. of the liberal Repub-
licans. lie was innnied, in March, 1S50, to Magdalena
Oangwisch, who died in I S 7 5 , leaving one child, lie was
married the same year to Margarclta /wicker.

7, IRTLAND, JARED POTTER; M. D., I.E. D.,
Scientist, was born, November loth, 17 93, in
Connecticut, ami was the son of Tarhand and
Mary (Potter) Kirlland, and grandson of the late
Jared Potter, a distinguished physician of Wal-
lingford, Connecticut, lie was adopted into the
family of his grandfather, and from him and the common
schools he acquired his early education. His father being
largely interested, in 1799 was appointed General Agent of
the Connecticut Land Company, and in 1803 he removed
'with hie family to Poland, M dinning county, Ohio. From
1S07 to 1S10 Jared pursued his classical studies in the
Wallingford and Cheshire academies. At the age of twelve
he was an expert at budding and engrafting, and a student
of the 1. inmean system of botany. He also, with some
assistance, managed the extensive orchards of white mul-

berry trees established by his grandfather for the cultivation
of silk-worms. In 1810 his father became alarmed on
account of his health, and sent for him to come West; and
in May of that year, accompanied by Joshua Stow, of Mid-
dletown, Connecticut, lie started on horseback for Ohio.
At I.owville he was joined by Alfred Kelly, on his way to
Cleveland. June 4th the parly reached Conneaut Creek,
where Judge Stow had landed with General Cleveland’s
party, July 4th, 1776. At Painesville they met General
Simon Perkins, and journeyed with him to Warren, and
thence, by way of Youngstown, another day’s journey
brought young K inland to Poland, where he found his
father, who had recovered from his supposed dangerous
illness. He was soon engaged in teaching school. In
1 S 1 1 his grandfather died suddenly, and left him his medi-
cal library and money enough to attend the medical school
in Edinburgh, Scotland. On his return to Wallingford he
commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. John
Andrews, and later in that of Dr. Sylvester Wells, of Hart-
ford, Connecticut, both of whom had been pupils of his
grandfather. In 1S13 he was well lilted to enter Edin-
burgh College, but the war with Great llritain prevented ;
and as the medical department of Yale College would go
into operation the ensuing winter, it received and recorded
his name as the first on the matriculation book of that insti-
tution. The class of that term consisted of thirty-eight
members, among whom were lieriah Douglas, father of
Stephen A. Douglas, and John A. Tomlinson, father of
Mrs. Belknap, the wife of the cx-Secretary of War. While at
Yale he received private instruction in botany from Pro-
fessor Ives, and in mineralogy and geology from Professor

Sillman, and made also great progress in the science of
zoology without a teacher. After one year at Yale his
health required him to take a vacation, which was passed at
Wallingford during a lime of general sickness. As a phy-
sician, quasi, he was very successful in administering to the
sick. He then entered the celebrated medical school in
the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. In 1815
he returned to Yale and graduated, and at once settled
down to practise in Wallingford, Connecticut, where he
remained two years, and superintended his grandmother’s
farm, and in his spare hours studied geology, ornithology,
and horticulture. In 1818 he again journeyed to Poland
and made arrangements to remove his family. But during
his absence he was elected, against his expressed wishes.
Probate Judge, and he felt compelled to accept the office,
and performed its duties, with the aid of a clerk, until he
was invited to settle as a physician in Durham, Connecti-
cut, where he remained until 1823, when the death of his
wife and daughter occurred, lie then settled his business,
and with his father, who was on a visit at his house, re-
turned to Ohio. Although he did not intend to practise
medicine, but to be a farmer and merchant, calls were con-
stantly made upon him, and finally he associated with him
Dr. Eli Mygatl,an able physician. I11 1S28 he was elected
a representative to the Legislature, where he succeeded in
putting an end to close confinement in the State’s prison
and in deriving a profit from the labor of the convicts, so
that he was called “the father of the new penitentiary.”
He continued in the Legislature through three successive
terms; in the last he succeeded in carrying through the bill
for chartering the Ohio & Pennsylvania Canal. It was
opposed by the Beaver Canal Company, which had pre-
viously obtained a charter. In 1837 he accepted the Chair
of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, in the Ohio Medi-
cal College, at Cincinnati, and continued -in that institution
until 1842, when he resigned. In 1848, when the first
geological survey of Ohio was made, he took part as an
assistant of the natural history of the State. 1 1 is reports
embrace a catalogue of the fishes, birds, reptiles, and mol-
lusks of Ohio, and were published in the Boston Join not
of Natural Sarnies and in the Family Visitor, lie com-
menced a cabinet of Ohio mammals, birds, reptiles, insects,
and a perfected cabinet of the land and fresh-water shells
of Ohio. The Legislature slopped the survey, and ulti-
mately he donated his collections to the Cleveland Acad-
emy of Natural History. In 1S37 he had made his residence
in the neighborhood of Cleveland, where he purchased a
fruit farm. In 1841 he accepted the Chair of Theory and
Practice and Physical Diagnosis in the Willoughby Medical
School, w here he lectured one year. In 1843 he filled a
similar chair in the new medical department of Western
Reserve College, in Cleveland, and continued in it until
1864. In 1834 he announced the existence of sex among
the naiades — this was in Yol. XXVI. of the “American
Journal of Art and Science.” lie decided that the fresh-

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1) I OG R A P 1 1 1 C A L E N C Y C LO P/E D I A .

water shells of Ohio were of dilferenl sexes, not hermaphro-
elite, as had been supposed. The translators of the Ger-
manEncyclopedia Sconographie ” attempted to refute it.
Hut Professor Agassiz said: “l)r. Kirlland’s views are
entirely correct, and have been sustained by my own and
the German naturalists’ investigations.” Siebold, Ur.
liurnett, Charles Knight’s “ English Cyclopaedia,” and
Isaac Eea also sustained his views, lie made other most
wonderful discoveries among the fishes. Space will not
permit the recounting of his successes in scientific fanning;
but he experimented constantly from 1812 to 1847, with
great results. In 1861 the College of Williamsburg, Massa-
chusetts, conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., but at
home he is known as “ The Sage of Eockport.” When the
war of the rebellion came he offered his services to Gover-
nor Todd, and as Examining Surgeon for the recruits of
the old regiment at Columbus. Later, he was detailed to
examine several thousand men who were drafted. lie
donated all of his pay to the bounty fund of Rockport and
to the Soldiers’ Aid Society, lie was President of the
State Medical Society of Ohio for one year, and for many
years President of the Cleveland Academy of Natural
Sciences and of Kirlland Society of Natural History, in
Cleveland. At the age of seventy he declined to lecture
on any subject, believing that economy of time was as
necessary to intellectual success as financial success, lie
had printed over his table the motto, “ Time is money ; I
have none of either to spare.” Of his long life and great
labors more than half have been given to the public with-
out compensation. When by long and tedious experiments
he found fruits especially adapted to Ohio, slips, seeds, and
young trees were gratuitously distributed throughout the
country. He received the title of Philosopher from the
American Philosophical Society, in January, 1875. He
was married in 1S15 to Caroline Atwater, of Wallingford,
Connecticut. Three children were born to them, but only
one lived — the wife of Charles Pease. In 1824 or 1825 he
was again married to Hannah Fitch Toucey, of Newtown,
Connecticut. Those who are qualified to judge of him
say, “ 11 is eminent success in the field of science is attrib-
utable to his untiring industry and in his inextinguishable
thirst for knowledge.” He is still living.

EIIUENBATCII, IION. JOHN, Member of the
Sixty-second General Assembly of Ohio, was
born at Rochester, New York, June 29th, 1844,
of French parentage. Left motherless at the
tender age of three years, and compelled, through
the poverty of his father, to go into the workshop
in his eighth year, he entered that school of hardship and
toil which has given to the world its ablest orators, states-
men, and leaders. He first commenced work in a woollen
manufactory, being necessitated to begin work at six o’clock

in the morning and continue until seven in the evening.
He obtained the rudiments of a common school education
by walking from the shop two miles to a night school, and
after school walking home, a distance of two miles more,
and doing this without his supper, and after working hard
for twelve hours each day. This he continued for five
winters. In 1857 his father bound him as an apprentice to
a blacksmith. He served out his time, anil in April, i860,
for the first time left his home, going to Peterborough,
Ontario, and landing there with ten cents in silver as his
worldly possessions. Greatly desiring to be a machinist, he
here learned that trade, and at the expiration of his lime
started for Ohio, reachingiOcveland in August, 1863. He
worked at this trade in Cincinnati, Ohio, Evansville and
Indianapolis, Indiana, and Nashville, Tennessee, at which
place he was employed by the government on the United
States Military Railroad during a portion of the war. In
1865 he returned to Indianapolis and went through a course
'in Purdue College (evenings), working during the day.
While at Evansville, in 1864, he connected himself with
the Machinists’ and Blacksmiths’ Union, No. 5, of Indiana,
and in the same year was elected Vice-President of Union
No. 4, of that State. In 1865 he was elected Special Cor-
responding Secretary of Union No. 4, with instructions to
open a correspondence with the various trades’ organiza-
tions throughout the State, with a view to obtain mutual
action on the eight hour question. In the fall of the same

year he was elected Secretary of the Grand Eight I lour

League of Indiana. Mr. Fehrenbatch was elected as dele-
gate to the special sessions of the National Labor Union,
held in New York city in July, 1868. In the fall of 1870

he returned to his old home in Rochester, New York.

Here he remained six month\ working with untiring
energy and zeal for the building up of the Union in that
city, and with very flattering results. I11 September, 1S72,
he was elected President of the Machinists’ and Black-
smiths’ International Union, at a convention of that bod)',
held in Cleveland, Ohio. He started in April, 1872, on an
organizing tour through the Southern, a portion of the
Middle, and the Western States, and met with great suc-
cess. His labors were continued until the meeting of the
International Union, in Albany, New York, in September,
1872, when he was re-elected by a vote which showed that
his labors were duly appreciated. Shortly after the conven-
tion, in connection with M. A. Foran, William Saffin, and
Harry Walle, he commenced an agitation which resulted in
the organization of the Industrial Congress of the United
States, of which he was elected the first President. From
the adjournment of the congress up to the present time he
has labored assiduously for the advancement of, not only
the interests and welfare of the machinists and blacksmiths
of America, but to ameliorate the condition of all who seek
a livelihood by honest industry. He was elected to the
Ohio House of Representatives, on the Republican ticket,
from Cuyahoga county, in 1875. lie was married at In-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

575

dianapolis, May 20lli, 1865, lo Margaret Wells. His wife
(lying in 1S69, lie married, in 1872, Lueelta Barnes, of
( level. md. 1 le lias three children, a son and two daughters.

TVTUMI’S, I ION. JOSEPH C., Member of the
Sixty-second General Assembly of Ohio, was born
in Hocking comity, Ohio, January 20th, 1824.
He is the son of Peter and Mary (Culp) Stumps.
II is father was a farmer, and his advantages for
an education were limited to the winter terms of
the district school. Here he grew to manhood. Taught
school seven years; served as Justice of the Peace two
terms. He learned the trade of wool-carding and followed
it seven years. He was married in May, 1844, to Malinda
Julian, and in 1863 removed to Van Wert county, where
lie engaged in agricultural pursuits, and where he still re-
sides. 1 1 is wife having died, he married, in 1S72, Dorothy
Conrad. He was elected to the lower House of the Gen-
eral Assembly, on the Democratic ticket, in October, 1S75,
and is holding this position at the present lime (April,
kS76).

7ITCIIC0CK, IION. PETER, Lawyer, and Judge
of the Supreme Court of Ohio, was the youngest
of eight children of Valentine and Sarah Hitch-
cock, of Cheshire, Connecticut, and was born
October 19th, 17S1. His parents were pious, and
the influence of their fidelity in his early religious
training and instruction was never obliterated by the cares
and temptations of a busy public life. Like many others
who have risen to posts of distinguished usefulness and
honor, he was dependent, in part, on his own exertions for
the means of securing a liberal education. He graduated
at Vale College, in the class of 1S01. He then pursued the
study of law in the office of Barzillai Slosson, Litchfield,
Connecticut, and in 1S03 was admitted to practise. Soon
after he established an office in his native town, and,
December 12th, 1805, was married to Nabby Cook, daugh-
ter of Elam Cook, of the same place. The fruit of this
marriage has been ten children, of whom three have died —
two in infancy, and the other a promising youth at the age
of nearly fourteen. 1 1 is surviving children — three sons
and four daughters — he lived to see settled in life and occu-
pying positions of respectability and usefulness, and what
was yet more grateful lo his heart, all the professed follow-
ers of Christ. In 1806 he removed with his family to Ohio,
and in June arrived at Burton, Geauga county, which he
adopted as the place of his permanent residence. Here he
experienced the privations and inconveniences incident to
a new settlement in a wide and almost unbroken wilder-
ness; and in order to provide for his family lie united with
the duties of his profession the labors of clearing and cul-

tivating his farm, and of the school-room. In 1810 he was
elected to the lower House of the General Assembly of the
Stale, his district embracing the territory now comprised in
the counties of Ashtabula, Lake, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Lorain,
Huron, and Erie. In 1812 he was chosen lo the Senate ;
his district including, in addition lo the above, the present
counties of Medina, Summit, and Portage. Having been
re-elected, in the sessions of 1815-16 he was chosen
Speaker of the Senate. In 1S16 he was elected to repre-
sent his district in Congress; that district being composed
of the whole Western Reserve and the counties of Colum-
biana, Stark, Richland, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Knox,
Wayne, and a part of Carroll. In February, 1818, he was
elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Supreme
Court of Ohio, and by renewal of the appointment he
secured two consecutive terms of seven years each. In the
fall of 1S33 he was again chosen to the State Senate, and
in the sessions of 1834-35 occupied the Speaker’s chair.
In 1835 he was restored to the Bench of the Supreme
Court; and in 1845, after an interval of three years devoted
to legal practice, was re-elected to the same office. Ilis
last term closed in 1S52, making twenty-eight years of ser-
vice in the highest judicature of the State. In the spring
of 1S50 he was chosen to the Convention for revising the
Constitution of the State, and took a prominent part in its
transactions. The record of the important and responsible
positions which he occupied is itself the best evidence that
he had won from his compeers and lellow-citizcns no ordi-
nary esteem and confidence in his integrity, wisdom, and
patriotism. In legal acumen, clearness, and justness of
comprehension he had few superiors, while in conscientious-
ness and purity of purpose in the discharge of his official
duties he was second to none. His private character was
no less pure than his official. From the outset of his
career he was a decided friend and prompter of education,
morals, and religion. Long before he professed a personal
interest in the gospel he was an earnest advocate of its
principles. None seemed more anxious than he that its
institutions should be sustained, or more pleased when
they were crowned with the divine blessing. On the 4th
of March, 1832, just twenty-one years before the day of his
death, he publicly professed his faith in Christ, and united
with the Congregational Church of Burton, of which, until
his death, he remained a blessed and valuable member.
In this relation, indeed, he was a model which many might
imitate with marked benefit to themselves and the interests
of religion. When at home nothing but real infirmity in
himself or family was ever permitted to detain him from the
public services of the sanctuary. A leading element in his
Christian character was a steadfast integrity in obeying his
convictions of duty. He was no stranger to deep religious
sensibility, but the fitful impulses of emotion were not
needed to rouse him to action. In taste and feeling he was
opposed to artificial parade and show, a lover of republican
simplicity of style and manners, and at the same time a pat-

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576

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

Kin of generous and hearty hospitality. To those who
viewed him at a distance his manner seemed reserved and
cold; Imt a more intimate acquaintance revealed a heart
warm with all the genial sympathies ol love and Irieiidship.
lie was privileged not to outlive his activity and uselulness,
Init to fall at the post of duly in the unhluntcd vigor of his
strong intellect. Early in December, 1 85 2, he repaired to
Columbus to attend the Court in Iianc. He was retained
in some cases of importance, and one in particular which
recpiired profound effort in the preparation of the argument.
1 1 is intense application aggravated and developed a disease
to which he was predisposed, and which was the cause of
his death, lie left Columbus in February for his home,
but was not able to proceed further than his son’s, in
Painesville, where he died on March 4th, 1853. It was
said of him after his death : “ By this event the Stale, the
church, the neighborhood, and the family circle, of which
he was a light and ornament, have sustained an irreparable
loss. None knew him intimately but to respect and love
him. Few men through so long a series of years have re-
ceived more decisive proofs of public esteem and general
confidence ; for most of his mature life has been spent in
official stations of high trust and responsibility. In his
death Ohio mourns the removal of one of her most beloved
and honored citizens — one whose best energies have with
conscientious integrity been devoted to the promotion of
her best interests.”

IIAWIIAN, REZIN W., Merchant, was born,
tVjiV, October 191I1, 1811, in Berkeley county, Vir-
ginia, and is the youngest son of Frederick Shaw-
han, who was a native of Kent county, Maryland,
6^ but had settled in Virginia after the war of the
Revolution, in which he was an active partici-
pant, having enlisted when but seventeen years of age, and
served under Generals Wayne, Greene, La Fayette, and
Washington. He was at the capture of Stony Point, by
Wayne; at the battle of Monmouth, the crossing of the
I Jelaware, and the subsequent capture of the Hessians at
Trenton. In 1812 lie removed to Ohio, and at fust located
in Fairfield county. In 1 820 he removed to Wayne county,
and afterwards settled in Seneca county, and died near
Tiffin, August 26th, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age.
Renin was employed on a farm until he was about fifteen
years old. His educational advantages were exceedingly
limited, comprising only that which could be obtained in
the district schools of that day, and amounting in all to
about eight months. About the year 1826 he entered the
store of William McComb, in Wooster. When eighteen
years of age he was employed as a clerk by Zopher T.
Moore, with whom he remained about three years. In
1833 he visited Seneca county, where his father had set-
tled, and in the autumn of that year accompanied his former
employer, Z. T. Moore, to New York, where he purchased

a stock of goods, getting credit on Mr. Moore’s recommen-
dation. On his return to Ohio he opened a store in Tiffin,
which was then comparatively a new town, having been
laid out but a few years, and contained a population of
about live hundred. lie had but a limited capital when he
first embarked 111 business, but rapidly increased it by fru-
gality and good management, lie was thus actively en-
gaged for eighteen years, selling goods and purchasing
grain and all kinds of produce. The nearest shipping
point on the lake was at Sandusky, and all goods required
wagon transportation from the latter place to Tiffin until
1840, when the Mad River Railroad was constructed from
Sandusky to Tiflin, which was the terminus for some years.
Thus the country improved very much, and trade at Tiffin
increased rapidly after the line was opened for travel. In
1851, feeling the need of relaxation, he closed up his busi-
ness in Tiffin, and transferred his stock to a branch store at
Cary, which he had established a few years previously.
He completed, in 1850, the Shawhan House, and having
leased it, reserved a suite of rooms therein for himself and
wife, wherein he passed the three following years in study,
paying particular attention to geography, history, and the
natural sciences. The limited schooling he had received
during youth seemed to him to demand an increase of
knowledge, and he availed himself of his leisure hours to
acquire a first class education. He commenced the pur-
chase of standard works, and has now the best private
library in that portion of the State, lie regards these three
years of relaxation and mental culture as time well em-
ployed. In 1S54 and 1855 lie travelled much in Michigan
and Wisconsin, and during the latter year purchased 2000
acres of land in Dane county, Wisconsin. In December,
1S57, he made a trip with hi$ wife to Cuba, where he
passed the winter, and returned via New Orleans. He
attended the land sales at Omaha, Nebraska, and Leaven-
worth, Kansas, in 1858, where he purchased some 30,000
acres of government land, all of which paid well. In the
same year he joined G. Snealh in starting the Bank of
Tiffin, which, after the war, was merged into the National
Exchange Bank of Tiffin, in which lie has been a large
stockholder since its organization. In August, 1S62, he
purchased from his nephew, F'. R. Shawhan, who was in
the dry-goods trade, the latter’s interests in business, as he
was desirous of entering the army, which he did as Captain
of a company, and served throughout the war. He contin-
ued in the dry-goods trade until 1865, when he sold the
establishment to Engleman & Dorle. In 1866 he erected
the Empire Block, and in the following year opened a dry-
goods store in it, in company with J. B. Wilson. The firm
carried a heavy stock of goods, and did a large business for
some three years. In 1870 they relinquished the store,
disposing of the same to G. W. Burkirk. I11 1871 Mr.
Shawhan sailed for London, and passed two months in
England during the autumn of that year. On April 1st,
1875, he sold out an interest which he had, with Captain

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

577

I', I[, Shawhan, in a store in Tiffin, and at the same time
purchased the interests of W. II. Schlosser, with whom he
had been the principal in a business connection, and since
that period has been actively engaged in the dry-goods trade.
1 le lias ever been most successful in that line, and is pos-
sessed of a valuable estate, lie enjoys a vigorous health,
and gives a close and personal attention to all his own alfairs.
Of the numerous family which his father had, fourteen chil-
dren in all, but two are left beside himself. These are a
sister, Mrs. Anderson, of Eortine, aged eighty-six years; and
a brother, Josiah .Shawhan, residing at Cary, seventy-four
years of age. lie was married, April 1st, l ^>39» ^ Elvira
Taller, of Worthington, Ohio, who is still living, aged fifty-
seven years.

[ERKINS, JAMES IL, Lawyer, Editor, Clergyman
anti Poet, the youngest child of Samuel G. and
Iltrbara Higginson Perkins, was born in Boston,
Mas .achusetts, July 31st, 1810. 1 1 is youth was

spent in mercantile pursuits and in acquiring a
fair education ; but stocks and trade were not con-
genial to his tastes, and as soon as he was at liberty to do
so he abandoned them. lie was wanting in the love of
money-making, the prerequisite of worldly success, and when
he became acquainted with the true character of competitive
trade, he was filled with dismay and disgust. The pride of
the opulent and the cringing concessions of the needy, with
the fawning flattery that vitiates the courtesies of lashionable
life, awakened in his heart a feeling of sad contempt, anti
he grew plain and blunt in his speech, careless in dress,
reserved and solitary. In February, 1832, he moved to
Cincinnati. There he became interested in the study of the
law, and entered the law office of Timothy Walker as a
student. In the genial, social atmosphere of the West he
recovered his buoyancy and began a new life. In 1834 he
was admitted to the bar. II is commencement in the practice
of law revealed a high order of talent, and argued brilliant
personal success. But he became dissatisfied with the seden-
tary life and, as he thought, the low moral standard of the
legal profession, and soon abandoned it in utter disgust. He
then applied himself ith great energy in the uncertain field
of literature. He contributed largely to several periodicals;
wrote poems, tales and essays for the Western Monthly
Magazine, and was in the early part of the year 1S34 editor
of the Saturday Evening Chronicle , which he purchased in
the winter of 1835 and united with the Cincinnati Mirror.
lie was for a while one of the editors of the Mirror. In
the summer of 1835 he engaged with others in a manufac-
turing enterprise at Pomeroy, Ohio. This was not remu-
nerative, and in 1837 he returned to Cincinnati and took up
his pen. In the following year he projected several books,
but only finished a series of critical and historical articles
for the A 'no York Quarterly and the North American Re-
view. In 1S39 his work entitled “The Annals of the West 1

73

was written ; a work of great research, completeness and
perspicuity of style. During the next few years appeared his
papers on “ Early French Travellers in the West;” “ Eng-
lish Discoveries in the Ohio Valley;” “kilty Years of
Ohio;” “The Pioneers of Kentucky,” “The North-
western Territory,” and “ The Literature of the West.” In
1839 he became minister-at-large to the poor of Cincinnati;
to this office with great earnestness he gave his best powers
of mind and body, and to him the poor and unfortunate of
that city to-day owe many of the institutions from which
they derive protection and consolation. In 1841 he ac-
cepted a call as pastor of the Unitarian Church of Cincin-
nati. His eloquence, his Christian feeling and work among
the poor, led to this selection of him by that society. II is
literary pursuits he still kept up, and his interest in educa-
tion and public benefactions never flagged ; but with his
pastoral relations he never was satisfied, and accordingly
offered his resignation in 1847, notwithstanding his friends
assured him of his remarkable gifts as a preacher, while
the house was crowded when he preached, and there
were not wanting many other evidences of his fitness. The
church refused to accept his resignation, and he was finally
induced to withdraw it, and remained in charge of the pas-
torate of the Unitarian Society until his death, which oc-
curred suddenly, and in a way much to be regretted, on
the 141I1 of December, 1849. In 1844 he was chosen Presi-
dent of the Cincinnati Historical Society, and in 1849, at
the time of his death, he was Vice-President and Recording
Secretary of the united Ohio and Cincinnati Historical So-
cieties. Mr. Perkins was endowed with many remarkable
traits of character, and some uncommon elements of great
success, lie was by no means faultless, and was not free
from the evils of temperament, training, caprice, indulgence,
habit; but lie was progressive, aspiring, humble, honest, un-
selfish— a Christian. He was a ready and finished writer;
an orator of exceptional powers, and a poet from whom
verses had poured forth with unconscious ease from boy-
hood upward. He left a family of several children. One
of his sons is a young lawyer, of Cincinnati.

V YON, JOHN, Manufacturer, was born in Campbell
county, Kentucky, June, 1807. 1 1 is father was a

mechanic and millwright, and was one of the
earliest emigrants from New England to the
neighborhood of Cincinnati. His mother was
E. Reynolds, of Kentucky, whose parents were
among the early adventurers with Daniel Boone, anti
were concerned in the historic events of the “ dark and
bloody ground.” Her father was a soldier in the Revolution
under General Greene, and was also concerned in the In-
dian wars under General Wayne. With but little education,
in 1816 the subject of this sketch came to Cincinnati and
began to learn the shoe trade. After working a year, he
regularly indcntuicd himself, according to the custom of the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

limes. After serving out live years of liis iiuienture, lie
travelled to various towns of the Slate and worked at his
trade for several years. In 1830 he returned to Cincinnati
and was niuiricd lo l.clilia Tanahill, who died in 1S72. In
1 834 he stalled a retail shoe store, which he continued until
1S43. lie had by this time gathered some money, which
he invested and lost in the pork business. He then resumed
the shoe and leather trade, which he carried on prosperously
until 1S54, when lie commenced manufacturing ladies’,
misses’ and children’s shoes. There had been previously
but one effort of moment made to establish this line of manu-
facturing in Cincinnati, and he is, therefore, one of the
pioneers in shoe manufacturing in the West. The whole-
sale shoe manufacturing business of Cincinnati has now be-
come one of her most important interests, lie early intro-
duced into his factory all modern machinery, and used every
means to supply the great demand for machine-made work
which sprang up during the war. Mr. Lyon justly deserves
a prominent place in the business history of Cincinnati. In
1873 he retired with a competency and an honorable repu-
tation, and now resides with his only living child at their
home on Ninth street, Cincinnati, lie has taken little in-
terest in politics or the affairs of society. lie is a member
of Trinity Methodist Church, and although he has been
stiictly a business man, he has never lost sight of the de-
mands made by the world on the Christian gentleman.

HETT, JOHN \V., School Teacher, was born, No-
vember itlh, 1824, in Jefferson county, Virginia,
^ and is the son of George and l.ydia Ilielt. His

/yf father’s ancestors came from England in 1731,
v ^"ja and took possession of a large farm in the Shen-
andoah valley, which was the home of the family
for over one hundred and twenty years. When he was
three years of age his father removed to Seneca county,
Ohio. He was subjected to the limited opportunities of
pioneer life, being much of the lime without any school ad
vantages; however, when sixteen years old, he had acquired
a thorough knowledge of the common English branches, by
dint of study at home during the evening hours, not having
attended school more than three months in all up to that
time. About that period, he returned with his father to his
old home in the Shenandoah valley. When he had attained
his majority he visited Ohio and engaged in teaching school.
Meeting with great success, he returned again to his native
State and pursued a thorough course of study in the Jeffer-
son Academy, fitting himself for teaching, that being his
favorite vocation. He opened the second free school in
Virginia, and was actively identified with the movement of
that day lo adopt a liberal frce-school system in that State.
In 1850 he returned lo Ohio and look part in introducing
the Union School system, and was Superintendent of Union
Schools in l'Yemont and Delaware, Ohio, respectively. In

i860 he organized the Elm-Grove Normal School, after-
wards known as the Central Ohio Conference Seminary, at
Maumee City, Ohio, which he and his wile succexslully
conducted lor three years, when his health becoming im-
paired, he was obliged to abandon his profession. While
resident in this latter locality he received the honorary de-
gree of Master of Arts from the Baldwin University. In
1862 he removed to Toledo, and became one of the pub-
lishers ol the TolcU 0 Commercial. At this lime, by his in-
dustry and economy, he had saved from his earnings by wise
management about f 10,000 with w hich to begin business.
He subsequently devoted his energies to city improvements
and dealiiig in real-estate. He was a Delegate to the
General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
held in Brooklyn, New York, in 1872; and was again
elected a Delegate to the same body, which is to meet in
Baltimore, Maryland, in May, 1876. He was married in
1S58 to Mary E., daughter of Joseph Beechatn, of Richland
county, Ohio.

.O,

I

^URNEY, COLONEL OWEN T., Printer, was born,
1836, in Painesvillc, Ohio. His father died in the
Mexican war in 1848. When fifteen years old
Owen entered the printing office of Charles Scott,
then proprietor of the Ohio State Journal , in
Columbus, and finished his trade as a pressman
there. The breaking out of the late rebellion found him in
the employ of Harris 8: Hurd, and at the same time Captain
of a favorite military company, the Montgomery Guards,
composed mainly of Catholic young men, the pride of St.
Patrick’s congregation. The company offered its services
under the first call for troop\ and were ordered to Camp
Dennison, but no demand being made upon them, they
were never called to active duty. After -the expiration of
this term of enlistment, Captain Turney, in company w ith
the late James Ryan, established a soldiers’ claim agency in
Columbus, and received a commission as Notary Public. In
a short tim however he received the appointment of Chief
Clerk in the office of Major McDowell, paymaster. When
the latter was removed to another post Major McCook suc-
ceeded him, and removed his head-quarters to Cincinnati,
Captain Turney still retaining the clerkship. Major Mc-
Cook was killed in the Morgan raid near Cincinnati, and
Captain Turney was appointed to the vacancy, as additional
Paymaster United States army, with the rank of Major, and
assigned to the district having St. Louis for head-quarters.
Towards the close of the war he was transferred to the Dis-
trict of the Gulf, with head quarters at New Orleans, where
lie was mustered out in 18(19, being the last of the volunteer
paymasters to be thus honorably discharged from the service.
During his occupancy of the position in this latter district he
was appointed a Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious
attention to duty. Upon his return to civil life lie served a
clerkship in the Piqua shops, Columbus, and afieiwaids

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BIOGRAPHICAL encvclop.edia.

579

connected himself again will) I he printing interests, and
e. uly in 1875 lieeame an assistant in the business depart-
ment of l he Catholic Columbian in which capacity his
efforts in lichalf of the new )iapcr were indefatigable, even
lip to a few weeks preceding liis death, when he could he
prevailed upon with difficulty to desist, and look after his
failing health, lie always placed the origin of his com-
plaint in the outdoor celebration uf St. Patrick’s day, 1875,
which, being extremely cold and disagreeable, induced a
severe bronchial affection, and laid the foundation of a
quick consumption, lie was a man highly esteemed by
all with whom he came into contact, and wherever duty
called him, he made warm friends by his open-hearted con-
duct and genial qualities. lie was a member of St.
Patrick’s choir for many years, and finally of the Cathedral
choir, lie was also a zealous supporter of St. Patrick’s
Total Abstinence and benevolent Association, lie died
February loth, 1S76, in the fortieth year of his age.

I ORTI I INGTON, I ION. THOMAS, one of the
early Governors of Ohio, first distinguished as a
leader in the movement by which Ohio was ad-
mitted into the Union, was born, July 161I1, 1773,
in Berkeley, now (cflerson county, Virginia. Early
in life he was attracted to the West by the treaty
of Greenville, and in 1796, with a party of young men,
visited and made extensive locations of lands in the Virginia
military district, lying between the Scioto and Miami rivers.
In April, >797, with his wife and infant child, and their
thirty-six slaves, whom it was their object to emancipate,
he settled near Chillicothe. 1 1 is vigorous and discriminat-
ing mind, and uncommon firmness and perseverance of
purpose, soon gave him an influential position. In 1799 he
was a member from Ross county in the first Territorial
Legislature. A powerful effort, originating in Cincinnati
and Detroit, had nearly succeeded in changing the plan
marked out in the ordinance of 1787, for the division of the
Northwestern Territory into Slates. Both branches of the
1 .egisl.il lire, with ( ieneral St. Clair as ( iovernor, concurring,
had voted that the Eastern State should be bounded on the
west by the Scioto and a line extending thence to the lakes,
fhe object, as explained by Judge Burnet, in his “ Notes
on the Northwestern Territory,” was to erect a large Stale
between the Scioto and the Wabash. To this scheme, Mr.
Worthington was unalterably opposed. The Eastern Divi-
sion, thus diminished, must have been long delayed, for
want of the requisite population, from the coveted privilege
of becoming a State. Though defeated in the Legislature,
he went to Washington, as agent of the minority, and was
so successful in his representations, that Congress was in-
duced to set aside the views of the local authorities, and
passed the enabling Act, April 30th, 1S02, by which Ohio,
with its present boundaries, was permitted at once to enter

the Union as a State. lie was an active member of the
Convention which formed the Constitution of 1S02, and
responsible in some degree for the restrictions in that in-
strument by which the executive department was so seri-
ously impaired. Ilis apology for this mistake, as he after-
wards acknowledged it to be, was the keen sense, then felt,
of the injuries which had resulted from General St. Clair’s
arbitrary and almost despotic use of his powers as governor
of the Territory. This feeling had been still further in-
flamed by St. Clair’s untimely dictation to the Convention,
in his address delivered at the opening. lie was Senator
in Congress from Ohio, from the year 1803 to 1808, and
again from 1810 to 1815. Among other measures he in-
troduced the bills for laying out the Cumberland road from
tide-water to the Ohio river, for the division and sale of the
public lands in quarter sections, instead of tracts two miles
square; and for quieting land titles; thus opening great in-
ducements for the vast emigration that soon followed. lie
was styled, in the National Intelligencer, “ The father of
the American system of public improvements.” During the
interval between his two senatorial terms, he w'as employed
by the government in treating with the Indians, and was
held in great deference by Tecumseh and other leaders of
the hostile tribes. In 1814, being elected Governor of
Ohio, he resigned his seat in Congress. In 1816 he was
re-elected Governor, lie made great exertions for the es-
tablishment of colleges and public schools, and although
not immediately successful, his efforts contributed largely to
the final result. The Stale Library owes its origin to a
wise but somewhat irregular use he made of the Governor’s
contingent fund. But in January, iSlS, the Legislature
took that institution under their patronage. Still pursuing
his favorite policy, he recommended to that body the con-
struction of canals, and subsequently, as a member of the
lower House, advocated the system, and was a member of
the first board appointed in 1822 to report on that subject.
Whilst still devoting himself untiringly to the work of their
construction, and awaiting a meeting of the Canal Board in
New York, he died in that city, June 20th, 1827. In
private life Governor Worthington was noted for his emi-
nent integrity, and by a purity and simplicity of character
and conduct almost approaching austerity. But while he
refused himself every indulgence, his charily was open-
handed and bountiful, and his hospitality always liberal.
Bernhard, Duke of Saxe Weimar, in his memoir of travels
in the United States, has preserved an account of his recep-
tion at Governor Worthington’s residence, which gives a
most flattering view of Ohio society at that early day. Ilis
spacious mansion of stone, in the architecture of the olden
times, and which was surrounded in his day with highly
cultivated gardens, vineyards, and orchards of every kind
of fruit, still remains to attest the noble scale of his ideas.
In laying the foundation of the prosperity for which Ohio
has since become celebrated, it may fairly be said that
among the able men with whom he was associated, there

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

5 So

was none whose foresight, energy, anil distinguished labors
in shaping her Ians, public improvements, agriculture,
liuanees, ami literary institutions, were wiser or more effi-
cient than his. It is greatly to be regretted that no record
of his active and varied life has been kept. Chief Justice
Chase, in the historical sketch prefixed to his compilation
of the Statutes of Ohio, justly describes him as a gentleman
of distinguished ability and great influence.

ffr^INNEY, JOSEPH NEWCOMB, Merchant and
\ late General Freight Agent of the Little Miami
Railroad, is a native of New England, he, as well
as his father before him, having been born in
Vermont, lie was born in Royalton, Windsor
county, in that State, on the jotli of May, 1S19,
and inherited from his parents qualities of character which,
in the course of his life, have contributed in a great measure
to his uniform success, his father being distinguished for his
great integrity and excellent judgment, and his mother for
her superior intelligence and amiability of character. In
his youth he enjoyed such advantages of education as were
afforded by the common schools and the academy of his
native town, making the best use of the opportunities at his
disposal. When he had reached the age of twenty years
he left school and set out to seek his fortune in the West,
lie found employment first in the Caledonia Iron Works,
located in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and owned by
Hon. Thaddeus Stevens and Mr. James D. Paxton. He
filled the position of clerk in this establishment for the
period of five years, each year bringing with it increased
responsibility and also increased compensation. In 1S44
he returned to Vermont, where he was married ; and im-
mediately after removed to Cincinnati. There, with the
accumulated earnings of his five years’ labor for capital, he
embarked in the grocery business. There proved to be but
little that was encouraging, however, in his experience as a
grocer, and he made that experience brief, quitting the
business after a few months. In 1S45, after giving up his
grocery business, he accepted the position of Freight Agent
of the Little Miami Railroad, at Cincinnati. The road at
that lime was merely in its infancy, being only in process
of construction from Cincinnati to Springfield, Ohio. Its
completion to Springfield and its connection with the Mad
River Railroad running thence to Sandusky, and through
that connection with the Lake steamers running to Buffalo,
New York, whence the New York Central Railroad and
the Erie canal all uded communication with the seaboard,
marked a new era in the commerce of the country, and
gave a new outlet to the Southwest, which had hitherto de-
pended on the slow process of wagoning over the Allegheny
mountains to Philadelphia or Baltimore, or upon the more
perilous method of boating down the Mississippi river to
New Orleans. To the end of accomplishing this purpose,

and then of increasing the capabilities ami opportunities of
the road, Mr. Kinney gave the best energies of his life.
1 1 is position brought him into personal and business rela-
tions with Jacob Strader, President of the road, John Kil-
gore, Vice-President, W. II. Clement, Chief Engineer and
Superintendent, A. II. Lewis, Depot Master, and I'. W.
Strader, General Passenger Agent, and in co-operation with
these officers he worked faithfully to draw to the new chan-
nel of traffic the vast commerce of the West. It was largely
through his endeavors, through his energy, perseverance,
ability, and judgment, that important connections were
formed with the railroads to Columbus, Cleveland, Pitts-
burgh, Wheeling, and other points, and the Little Miami
became one of the most powerful and successful roads in
the country. For twenty years Mr. Kinney served the road
in the capacity of General Freight Agent, and then he re-
signed his position. No sooner had he done this, however,
than he was honored with a seat in the directory of the
road. During all his years of faithful service in the interest
of the railroad, he was not at all unmindful of his own in-
terest. “ He worked himself for the railroad, and made his
money work for him,” he said. He was frugal in his
habits, and the savings from his salary, together with the
money lie brought with him to Cincinnati, formed a capital
which he invested from time to time in various enterprises,
such as omnibus lines, transfer companies, and street rail-
roads, all of which were important adjuncts to the railroad
company which he served, and at the same time were
sources of individual profit to himself. The profits he real-
ized from these enterprises were judiciously invested in
bank and other substantial stocks, which gradually increased
in value. Prominent among these investments was the
purchase of a steam saw miW at Clinton, Iowa. At the
time of the purchase it was but a small establishment, but
now it is the largest of the kind on the Mississippi river, if
not in the country. Soon after his retirement from the posi-
tion of general freight agent, he, with R. M. Shoemaker
and others, became interested in building the Kansas
Pacific Railroad, from Kansas City to Sheridan, a distance
of some five hundred miles; and later in the Cincinnati,
Dayton N Springfield Railroad, now known as the Dayton
Short Line. In the year 1S72, chiefly to aid in establishing
his oldest son in business, he formed a partnership with his
old friend, Seth Evans, in the pork packing business, under
the firm-name of Evans & Kinney. The firm now occupies
an extensive establishment, recently completed, on Mill
creek, near the city. He is also one of the promoters,
builders, and directors of the Union Railroad Depot at St.
Louis, recently completed, and is also largely interested in
the Union Railway and Transit Company of that city.
These two enterprises involved an outlay of two million
dollars. lie is associated in them with his old friends, \V.
II. Clement, President of the corporations, R. M. Shoe-
maker, and others. He is also a stockholder and active
Director in the Merchants’ National and Commercial Banks,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

mill in sever. il insurance mul sheet railway companies, as
well as in various commercial and manufacturing institu-
tions. And it is a noticeable fact, and one which explains
much of the uniform success of his life, that, in all Ins
enterprises, he has associated himself with the men best
lilted 'o carry forward the interests in which he took part;
while to their trained fitness and experience in their several
specialties, he joined his own clear judgment, untiring
energy, and indomitable perseverance. .In matters of reli-
gion, though not a communicant in any church organization,
he is broadly liberal in his views, and respectfully tolerant
v of every denomination. He attends regularly, with his
family, the Presbyterian Church. Politically he was an
old-line Whig during the continuance of the Whig party,
and since has acted with the Republican party, although,
in local issues, he votes for the man best suited for the
office, irrespective of party lines. His habits of life are
simple, temperate, and eminently domestic; his attachments
to his friends are strong and lasting, and his liberality is
hearty and unostentatious. lie has been twice married.
In 1S44, just before removing to Cincinnati, he married
Allha L. Dutton, of Vermont. She died in 1852, leaving
one child, an infant son, now engaged in business with his
father. In 1S53 lie married again, taking for his second
wife Annie M. Willson, of Cincinnati. She died on the
22d of July, 1S68, leaving four sons, the eldest of w hom has
just entered commercial life, and the others are attending
school. Mr. Kinney resides on Walnut Hills, one of the
beautiful suburbs of Cincinnati, where he has lived for some
seventeen years, and as one of that community takes great
interest in all that pertains to its advancement.

c-vC/^OIIL, HON. HENRY, Insurance Agent, was born,

I I Jll*y 41'1’ 1 S44, in the kingdom of Bavaria, Ger-
~ , | ! I many, and is a son of Conrad Bold, formerly of
that country. His father being a farmer by
j occupation, and deshous of a more extended
held for carrying on that pursuit, decided to emi-
grate to the United States. He accordingly left Germany
in March, 1S55, reached Marietta, Ohio, in the following
May, and resumed his avocation near that city. Ilis son,
Henry, assisted him during the summer months, and at-
tended school in the winter, until he was seventeen years
old, when he left home, and effected an engagement in a
chair factory in Marietta, where he remained some four
years. He next entered into the clothing business, which
he carried 011 for four years. In January, 1869, he engaged
in local insurance in Marietta, and was very successful.
Ilis health, however, became impaired in 1871, and by the
advice of his physician, he concluded to dispose of his
office and business, and engagi in out-door employment,
which he did, by accepting a spe ial agency for the Home
Insurance Company, of Columbu , Ohio; but us his health

did not improve he removed the following year, March,
1872, to Atlanta, Georgia, where he accepted a Southern
department of live States, for the American Central Insur-
ance Company of St. Louis, lie made many wann friends
in the Southern Stales, and ill 1874 he was elected Secre-
tary of the “ Underwriters’ Association ol the South,” com-
prising eleven Stales, and being auxiliary to the National
Board of Eire Underwriters of the United States, with their
head-quarters in New York city. Having nearly regained
his health, and his family being anxious to return to their
old home in Ohio, he removed again to Marietta, in March,

1874, after an absence of two years, and took charge of a
Western department of three States for the American Cen-
tral Insurance Company, which he had managed in the
South. He resigned this position in the autumn of 1S75,
and accepted the management, for Ohio, for the Milwaukee
Mechanics’ Mutual Insurance Company, and also again em-
barked in the local insurance business at Marietta. From
1S67 to 1871 he took an active interest in politics, and was
for several years a member and Secretary of the Demo-
cratic County Central Committee. He was at various times
offered nominations for county offices, which he declined
on account of feeble health. After his removal to the
South and during his residence there, he took 110 part in the
movements of the day ; but on his return home, his old
political friends, knowing him to be an effective worker,
insisted on his aid to recover the county of Washington from
the Republicans, they having been in the ascendency for a
number of years. In 1875 they urged him to accept the
nomination for County Treasurer, which, however, he de-
clined emphatically, 011 the ground that he desired no
political county office. He finally accepted the candidacy
for Representative to the OlAo Legislature, and in October,

1875, was elected by a majority of nearly three hundred
voles. One of his first acts, after taking his seat in that
body, was to introduce a resolution pledging the House of
Representatives of the people of Ohio, to be in favor of a
purely secular education at the expense of the tax-payer,
without any division of the public school funds among any
sect or sects, and to maintain and support the admirable
provision of the Ohio Constitution on that subject. This
resolution received the unanimous vote of the whole House.
This resolution was introduced for the reason that the
leaders of the Republican party, in the political campaign
of 1875, had charged their opponents of being in favor of
a division of the public school funds. On January 15th,

1876, United States Senator Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio,
addressed a letter to Mr. Bohl, defining his position on the
financial question, which was forthwith published and read
with great interest throughout the country, as the Senator
was then a prominent prospective candidate for President
of the United Slates. Mr. Bohl was reared in the com-
munion of the German Reformed Church, of which he and
his family are now members. lie has taken a great interest
in secret societies. In 1865 he was made a Mason in

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582

RIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

American Union Lodge, No. i, nl Marietta. This lodge
is the oldest west of the Allegheny mountains, having been
chartered hy the Grand Lodge of Massaelnisetts, in Lebru-
ary, 1776. Among the many Worshipful Masters may be
named lion. Lewis ('ass, cx-t iovernor Meigs, and General
Rufus l’utnam. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows
and Red Men Orders. In 1870 he was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Grand Lodge ot the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, of Ohio ; also Great Sachem or presiding offi-
cer, for the State of Ohio, of the Improved Order of Red
Men; and in 1871 Representative to the United States
Great Council of the same order. lie was married at
Marietta, in 1864, to Margaret, daughter of Jacob Laden-
baugh.

« I LI. IRAN, WILLIAM, Journalist, was born, Sep-
tember 221I, 180b, in Colcrain township, Ross
county, Ohio, lie is the eldest son of John and
Mary Millikan, who moved to Delaware county
a in 1809. When the war of 1S12 was declared,
his father was commissioned first lieutenant of a
company raised in Delaware county. During the severe
winter of 1814 many of the soldiers died from what was
known as the cold plague. Among those who succumbed
was Lieutenant Millikan, then stationed at Chillicothe. The
subject of this sketch received his elementary education in
the indifferent country schools of pioneer times. When he
entered the printing office of Ezra Griswold, his education
began in earnest. In the fall of 1S30 Mr. Millikan joined
Mr. Griswold in the publication of the Ohio State Gazette.
In the spring of 1832 he dissolved his connection with the
Gazette and started the Western Galaxy, a Whig paper,
at Marion, Ohio. In May of 1832 he went to South Rend,
Indiana, where he established the Free Press, also a Whig
paper, with which he supported General William Henry
Harrison for the Presidency. For a part of the time Mr.
Millikan was associated with his brother in the publication
of the lire Press. In 1815 he sold his paper to Schuyler
t 'oil. ix and A. W. Wc-I, and purchased an interest in the
A'a/amazoo leleyraph. lie remained in the Telegraph
establishment for two years, when he disposed of his inter-
est and joined his brother John as an espial pailner, in the
conduct of the La Porte County (Indiana) H’/iiy. After a
connection of seven years with the Whig, he engaged in
other business. In October, 1858, Mr. Millikan yielded to
the solicitation of friends and returned to Ohio, establishing
the Payette County Herald, a Republican paper, published
at Washington Court House. He has made the Herald
strong and influential, and successful as a business venture,
lie has taken his youngest son, William, into partnership
in the business and editorial management of the paper.
Resides pursuing his vocation as a journalist, Mr. Millikan
has been active as an individual member of his parly. In
1849 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature from La-

port e county, and re-elected ■ in 1850. In 1865 lie was
elected Mayor of the city of I.aporte. In 1875 lie was
elected to the Ohio House of Representatives. In Novem-
ber, 1829, in the village of Delaware, Ohio, Mr. Millikan
married Rachel Abbott. January 281I1, 1834, at Newark,
Ohio, he married Amanda Holmes, third daughter of Judge
Alexander Holmes. January 28th, 1841, he married Emma
Cleveland, third daughter of the late Hardin Cleveland, of
Elkhart county, Indiana. In April, 1865, Mr. Millikan
married Mary R. Rostnick, of Waterloo, daughter of John
Robinson, of Chillicothe. Mr. Millikan has five adult
children living.

ERRELL, CHARLES Ik, Physician and Surgeon,
was born in Holmes county, Ohio, September
27th, 1839. His parents, Hanson and Sarah
Ferrell, of Franco- English descent, removed from
Virginia and located in Jefferson county, Ohio,
where they were married. They soon after re-
moved into the wilds of Holmes county, of which they were
among the earlier settlers. Dr. Ferrell entered school at
an early age, and by untiring industry and application re-
ceived a liberal education in the common branches. Reing
a farmer’s son, school days were limited to but a small por-
tion of the year, and the remainder of the time was spent
in assisting his father. At the age of sixteen a taste for
medical lileratme developed itself, and he borrowed from a
friend Wilson’s Anatomy, Carpenter’s Physiology, and
Kane’s Chemistry, and commenced the study of medicine,
'l'lie leisure hours on rainy days and at meal time were
occupied in following the bent of his mind. A vacant
house otr his father’s farm server? as medical college and
dissecting room, and here the long nights were faithfully
occupied in reading and dissections. He spent thus three
years, as farmer, school boy, medical student, and instructor,
the two latter being carried on clandestinely, for a resurrec-
tionist would have been looked upon with horror in that
locality, and lie would doubtless have fell the strong arm
of the law il he had been discovered. When nineteen
years of age he entered the cilice of Dr. Isaac Pulliam, of
Ml. Ilollv, Ohio, and continued his studies here, and in
iSboat the Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati. In March,
l86t, being at the bottom of his financial resources, he was
obliged to begin the practice of his profession. Through
the kindness of his instructor he was permitted to commence
business in his office, and met with good success. lie acted
as surgeon in the beginning of the war, 1862-63, visiting
the battle-fields of Pittsburgh Landing, Fort Donelson, and
Murfreesboro’, and bearing the greater portion ol his own ex-
penses. He also commanded a company of the “Squirrel
Hunters,” who went to protect Cincinnati from invasion by
Kirby Smith. Resuming practice in the intervals, in Octo-
ber, 18(13, he removed to Nashville, Ohio, and entered w ith
vigor into practice. Here he was very successful, and

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5*3

continued business uninterruptedly until November, 1X72,
when he went with his f.unily to New York, where he
spent the winter in the medic. il colleges ;uul huspittils, re-
ceiving n diploma Irom Believin' Hospital Medical College,
and certificates ol private instruction Irom several eminent
physicians of that city. Leaving New York in March,
1S73, the balance of the year was spent in travelling over
the Western States and Territories, including the Gulf
States, California, Oregon, Washington . Territory, and a
pari of British Columbia, with the view of studying the prev-
alent diseases, and the influence of climate on the same.
Returning to Ohio in December, 1S73, he located in Colum-
bus, where he still resides and is rapidly gaining public
esteem and favor, and building himself up a good practice.
He was married to Mary E. Brow n, October 27th, 1S64.

LION, JOHN, Farmer and Merchant, was born,
September 6th, 1798, in Kanawha county, (now
West) Virginia, and is the oldest son of Robert
and Nancy (llalentine) Irion, llis father was a
native of South Carolina, who was a farmer by oc-
cupation and a surveyor by profession. He re-
moved to Ohio in 1S02, anil first settled in Brown county,
where he resided about twelve years, and proceeded, in
1S14, to Fayette county, where he sojourned until his death.
He was an active participant in the early Indian wars of
Virginia, and married there Nancy, daughter of Thomas
llalentine, both of whom were natives of the north of Ire-
land, but emigrated to America, and were among the early
settlers of what is now the State of West Virginia. John is
the eldest of a family of thirteen children, lie worked
on a farm when a boy, and attended the district school
during the winter season. When twenty-two years of age,
he began life on his own resources, as a farmer in l'ayctte
county, and has resided in that section ever since, with the
exception of some live years passed in Brown county, lie
has been through his long life principally engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits, lie tilled the office of Justice of the Peace
of Union township, Fayette county, for a considerable
period ; and was also Land Appraiser of the same locality
for one year. He was a Captain under the old militia law
of the State. He was at one time interested in the stock of
the Panhandle Railroad, and also in several turnpike com-
panies. At present he is a stockholder in the Dayton &
Southeastern Railroad Company. He has recently em-
barked in the boot and shoe business, under tbe firm-name
of Irion & Co., himself owning the controlling interest,
llis political views arc those held by the Republican party,
having previously been a Whig of the Henry Clay school.
His religious belief is not circumscribed by the doctrines of
any particular church. Socially he is of pleasant and
courteous manners, lie has always led a temperate life,
and, though he has nearly reached the age of lour., core

years, his mental and physical faculties are wonderfully pi c-
served. He has always been noted for untiring energy and
industry, and has been the architect of his own fortunes,
having amassed an ample competence. He was mariied in
1820 to Catharine, daughter of John llawkcs, an early pio-
neer of Brown county, Ohio. She died in 1875, having
had fifteen children.

•’(I

01), IION. GEORGE, Lawyer and Jurist, was
born, December Illh, 1773, at Sulfichl, Hartford
county, Connecticut, lie graduated at Wale Col-
lege in 1 795 , and having selected the law as his
profession, pursued his studies at the celebrated
law school at l'appilig Reeve, Litchfield county,
and was admitted to the bar in October, 1797. He com-
menced the practice of his profession m New Haven, w here
he remained a few years, in 1S00 he removed to Youngs-
town, Trumbull county, Ohio, and in August of the same
year was appointed the Prosecuting Attorney of that county.
In 1S01 he sent for his family to join him. He was elected
in 1S04 a Senator in the State Legislature from Trumbull
county, and at the close of his term in that body was ap-
pointed, in 1S06, a Judge of the Supreme Court, to fill a
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Jonathan Meigs.
In 1810 lie was again elected to the Senate from Trumbull
county. When war was declared by Congress against
Great Britain, he accepted a commission of Major in the
regular army from President Madison, and, March 13th,
1 S 1 4 , was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of
the 17th Regiment United Stales Infantry. In the winter
of 1S15 he was appointed Purulent Judge of the Third Cir-
cuit of Ohio, which office he held until 1830. In the
autumn of the same year he was elected Prosecuting Attor-
ney, which was the last office he held, lie was one of the
most eminent lawyers and advocates of his lime. He was
married, prior to his removal to Ohio, to Sally Isaacs, lie
died at Briar Hill, April 1 1th, 1S4 1 , leaving a widow and
five children.

ti0N BONHORST, CHARLES G., Dentist, was
born, March 3d, 1820, in the city of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, and is a son of Baron Charles F'.
Von Bonhorst, a lawyer, and one of the oldest and
most prominent citizens, who was born in Berlin,
Prussia, fought against the first Napoleon, and
emigrated to America hr 1808, and married a lady, a native
of Washington county, Pennsylvania. Charles, the younger,
attended a private school in Pittsburgh, and had completed
an academic course, when fourteen years of age. lie com-
menced to play the violin in the theatrical orchestra when
fifteen, continuing until lie had attained his majority, in the
meantime studying dentistry, paying lor his instruction in

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5S4

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDI A.

the same from Iiis salary received as a musician. lie then
opened an office, and practised for two years. At the age
of twenty tin ee he visited different cities. in the South, where
he continued his practice until the civil war broke out,
when he returned to Pennsylvania, and after being engaged
in his office for a year, made a pleasure trip to Luropc. On
his return to the United Stales he remained in Virginia from
lS6j to 1 S65, when lie removed to Lancaster, Ohio, and has
since resided there, engaged in the control of an extensive
practice, and has the reputation of being one of the most
skilful dentists in the Stale. He has made many improve-
ments in dentistry, and received several patents, the most
recent being an “Applicator,” for painless extraction of
teeth. Among other patents may be named a lamp to con-
sume its own smoke, without a chimney. lie has been an
industrious, persevering worker in the battle ol life, and has
attained his present position only by the exercise of an in-
domitable will and energy. He was married, February
14th, 1847, to Annie Decker, who died in 1854. lie was
united in marriage, September 1st, 1857, to Olive Lorentz,
of Virginia.

OWERS, CAPTAIN LUCIUS A., of Chillicothe,
was born, on February 18th, 1828, in Franklin
county, Ohio, lie was the oldest of four chil-
dren, whose parents were Allen and Lora II.
(Preston) Bowers. 1 1 is father was a native of
Orange county, New York, and moved to Frank-
lin county in i8l5. He followed mechanical pursuits
through life, and died in the same county in 1868, at the
age of seventy three years. The mother of Lucius is a
native of Connecticut, and now lives in Franklin county,
at the advanced age of seventy-five years. On his father’s
side Captain Bowers is descended from revolutionary stock.
His early education was liberal, and in the main received at
Kilbourne College, Ohio. From his boyhood until he
reached his twenty-fourth year, with the exception of his
collegiate days, he was employed in agricultural pursuits.
In 1S52 lie went to Thornlown, Indiana, and engaged in the
stove business, lie continued so occupied in that place
until 1858, when he returned to his farm in Franklin
county. There he remained, taking up various pursuits,
until the beginning of the war of the rebellion. Being of
patriotic impulses and decided views concerning his coun-
try’s condition, he enlisted in Company I, 46th Regiment,
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the service
on October 2d, 1S61. lie soon after accompanied this regi-
ment to the field, and saw service in the celebrated actions
of Pittsburgh Landing, Siege of Corinth, Haines’ Bluff, Siege
of Vicksburg, Jackson, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas,
Kcncsaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro’ and Pine Dill, and
other battles of not so great moment. Soon after his en-
listment lie was appointed Orderly Sergeant. On January
241I1, 1802, he was commissioned as First Lieutenant, lie

was promoted to the rank of Captain on February 20th,
1863, for brave and meritorious conduct on the fields of
Pittsburgh Landing, Shiloh and Corinth. lie was mustered
out of the service by reason of the expiration of his term on
October 2G1I1, 1864. After the fall of Memphis lie was de-
tailed for the recruiting service, as a commissioned officer, at
Columbus, Ohio. This was a high and well-deserved com-
pliment to his abilities and bearing as a soldier and a man.
After his discharge from active service he was Assistant to
the Post Quartermaster, Colonel Burr, at Columbus, and at
Camp Chase, until October 1st, 1865. On the tenth day of
that month he took the Zeltlcr Hotel, at Columbus, which
he managed until 1871. In this year he sold his interest in
that house, and took the United States Hotel, in the same
city, which he kept for two years. Then he left Columbus,
and moved to Chillicothe, where, as controller, he carries
on the Emmitt House. This hotel is one of the first in the
State, and under his able management it has prospered.
Captain Bowers was married on April 5th, 1864, to Eliza-
beth A. White, a native of Malden, Massachusetts, by whom
he is the father of five children. Politically he is a Repub-
lican, and was formerly a Whig. Religiously he is a Prot-
estant. It is worthy of mention that his family on both
sides has been remarkable for longevity. At a meeting of
his grandparents in 1S4S, their respective ages were 74, 79,
78 and 80.

ARTIN, JUDGE WILLIAM T., was born, April
6th, 178S, in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, lie
was married in 1814 to Amelia Ashcom, and early
in the following year they emigrated to Ohio, set-
tling at New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county.
He remained there but a short time, going to Co-
lumbus in the spring of the same year. There he at once
established himself, and was a resident of the city from that
time up to the date of his death. In the earlier part of his
life in Pennsylvania he had been engaged in teaching
school, and in the mercantile business; he worked, too, at
his trade, that of a carpenter and joiner, lie came well
prepared to his new home in Ohio, and was soon engaged
in teaching and in business as a carpenter. In 1820 he was
elected Justice of the Peace, holding that office by repeated
re-elections for thirty years. lie also served for some time
as Councilman in the Town Council, and was for a time
Mayor of the town. He was for some years clerk and store-
keeper at the Ohio Penitentiary under the old regime in the
old building. In 1831 he was elected County Recorder,
and continued in that office until 1846, when he was suc-
ceeded by Mr. Cole. In 1851 he was elected Associate
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin count)’,
and held the office until it was abolished by the adoption of
the new Constitution. 1 11 1858 he published what is known
as “Martin’s History of Franklin County,” an elaborate
work, familiar to and highly prized in all circles. For a

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

5»5

number of years previous to Mr. Martin's ‘death, he
had been in no public business, except the position he
held as Secretary and Trustee of (been Lawn Cemetery
Association, lie was remarkable for the smoothness ol his
disposition, and fot his charily lor the faults ol others; the
latter with him was a di .linguishing characteristic, and he
never was heard to speak i t derision of any person, living
or dead. 1 1 is charitable contributions were numerous, and
were principally confuted to that class of persons from
which the world had turned with coldness and frowns.
The poor and needy of the city recognized him as their
firmest friend, and one of the most touching incidents of his
sickness was the crowd of humble poor, black and white,
who came reverently to his door each day, with anxious
faces, to inquire after the health of their benefactor ; and
when it was known that he must die, and family and friends
gave vent to grief, there were corresponding sobs and tears
in many a lonely house, and from those who, like Uncle
Tom at Eva’s door, loitered near in anxious waiting. II is
death occurred February 19th, 18G6. lie left behind him
a widow and two children — Mr. B. F. Marlin, Collector of
Internal Revenue, and Mrs. Matilda Wright, wife of Smith-
son E. Wright, of Cincinnati. Judge Martin was one of
the most useful, influential and universally respected citi-
zens of Columbus, a complete history of whose life would
be a history of the city and county, so intimately was he
connected with every public movement.

Y ARY, SAMUEL FENTON, Lawyer and Politi-
cian, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February
iSth, 1814, and is a lineal descendant of John
Cary, of the Plymouth colony. His father, Wil-
liam Cary, emigrated from New Hampshire to
the Northwestern Territory before Ohio was a
State. 1 1 is mother, Rebecca Fenton, was a native of the
State of New York, and was a sixter of Governor Fenton's
father. When Samuel was an infant his parents removed
to a farm six miles from Cincinnati, then a wilderness, now
known as the village of College Hill. Freeman G. Cary,
the founder of Farmers’ College, is an elder brother, and
Alice and Phoebe Cary, the world-renowned poets, were
cousins, and reared in the same neighborhood. He gradu-
ated at Miami University in the class of 1835, and at the
Cincinnati law school in 1837, and entered at once upon the
practice of the law in his native city, and look rank with the
first young members of the bar. His practice rapidly in-
creased, and when he relinquished the profession in 11845, no
man of his age in the State of Ohio had a larger practice or
a more enviable reputation as an advocate. Obeying his
philanthropic impulses, he abandoned the bar in spite of the
remonstrances of his numerous admirers, and devoted all
his energies to the cause of temperance. In behalf of this
74

great reform he has made more public addresses, has been
heard by a greater number of persons, has made larger con-
tributions ol lime and money than any other man in the
United Stales, lie has been repeatedly heard in all the
principal cities and towns and villages in twenty-six States,
and in all the British Provinces in North America. He has
addressed immense audiences in all the principal cities and
towns in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In this
great work a multitude bless his name on both sides of the
ocean, lie early became a Son of Temperance, and in
1848 was chosen the head of the order in North America,
and is its oldest chief 'officer now living. For twenty years
he was the gratuitous editor of temperance papers of large
circulation, edited several annuals, and has written several
tracts that have been widely distributed and read. As early
as 1840 he acquired a great reputation as a political speaker,
and took a prominent and active pari in the Harrison cam-
paign. In every Presidential campaign since that time, his
services have been sought and appreciated. There are few
men in the United States who are his superiors on the
stump. During the late civil war he was indefatigable and
very successful in his efforts to fill up the ranks of the Union
army. 1 1 is style of speaking is peculiarly his own. A dis-
tinguished writer has said of him, that “ he speaks like a
Greek, with the ease, the grace, the naturalness of the an-
cient orators.” 11 is speeches are the happiest combinations
of logic, argument with sarcasm, pathos, apt illustrations and
felicitous anecdotes. He plays upon the passions and feel-
ings of an audience with consummate skill, lie is five feet
eleven inches in height, weighs two hundred pounds, has a
well-modulated voice, never becomes hoarse, never tires,
and has often spoken three or four hours in the open air for
successive days and weeks. Tie uses no notes or manu-
scripts, and weaves in every passing incident with happy
effect. In the summer of 1867 he was nominated as an in-
dependent candidate for Congress by the workingmen of
the Second Congressional District of Ohio. Although the
district was very largely Republican he was elected by a
majority of 959 votes over Richard Smith, editor of the
Cincinnati Gazette. In the Fortieth Congress he took a
prominent part. He opposed the impeachment of Andrew
Johnson. He opposed the reconstruction acts of the Repub-
lican party, and his course secured him the confidence and
support of the Democratic party, although he had always
been identified with the Whig and Republican organiza-
tions. Since Mr. Cary left public life, he has returned to
the practice of law in Cincinnati, but is prominent and
active in every political campaign. He is devoted to the
interests of the laboring classes, and is regarded by them as
an able expounder of their principles. When in Congress
he delivered a powerful speech on the rights and wrongs of
labor, which was extensively circulated, and added greatly
to his popularity among the working classes throughout tha
country. I11 the contest of 1S75 he was the Democratic
candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, but was de-

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5S6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

feated. In 1S36 he married Maria Louisa Allen, of Cin-
cinnati, who died in 1 S47 . In 1S49 he married Lida S.
Stilwell, who is still living.

A9s»

c; /jf ^RANGER, MOSES M., Lawyer, was born in
c. I 1 Zanesville, Ohio, on October 22d, 1831, and is
f 1 1 JJ the second son of his father, who was born in
<s Ll-j Sufiield, Connecticut, llis mother was a native

of St. Clairs v i 1 le, Ohio. lie obtained his educa-

(9

lion by attendance at public and private schools
until 1846, when he started to attend Kenyon College,
where he graduated in 1S50. Shortly after leaving college
he commenced the study of law with Judge C. C. Congners,
and was admitted to the bar on January 4th, 1S53. Enter-
ing upon practice he gradually acquired a good business.
On the outbreak of the war he proffered his services in the
Union cause, and entered the army as Captain of the iSth
United States Infantry. He became Major of the I22d
Ohio Volunteers on September 10th, 1862 ; was promoted
to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the same on May 1st, 1863 ; and
on October 19th, 1864, the day on which the battle of Cedar
Creek was fought, was brevetted Colonel of United States
Volunteers. He resigned his commission on December
16th, 1S64. In April of the following year he became City
Solicitor of Zanesville, and Prosecuting Attorney of Mus-
kingum county in January, 1866. He was chosen Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas ; entered on the duties of the
position on December 10th, 1866, and resigned on October
9th, 1S71. He married Mary II. Reese, daughter of Gen-
eral William J. Reese, of Lancaster, Ohio, whose mother
was a sister of General Sherman.

I

cs.

_ "5

OOERS, IIENRV, Iron Pounder, was born,
October 2 1st, 1806, in the town of Lansing,
near Ithaca, Tompkins county, New York. His
father was a native of New Jersey, and a miller
by trade, lie removed to Cayuga county, when
I Ienry was about live years old, and operated
grist mill, in the town of Genoa, for about two years, lie
then removed to a farm, on what was then known as the
“Crocker Land,” in Tompkins county, where he remained
for about three years, and thence proceeded, with his family,
to the neighborhood of Kingston, Canada, where he man-
aged a grist-mill for about one year, and thence moved into
Kingston, where he obtained employment in unloading
vessels, etc. After passing about a year in that town, he de-
cided to return to New York, and stopped a year at Sodus
Bay, near Owego. Finally, the family returned and settled
in Ithaca, where the parents afterwards died. Henry passed
two years in working in summer on a farm, and attending
the school during the winter months, this being about all

the education lie acquired. He had been reared to hard
work, and chopped wood ; when but twelve years old, his
usual task was one cord per day. When sixteen years old
he went to work in Ins brother in-law’s foundry ( King’s),
where he remained two year-., acquiring a knowledge of the
mechanical part of the business, lie next was engaged at
Coffin &; Dennis’ foundry, at Ithaca Falls, and at the end of
two years, having had his wages gradually advanced from
seventy-five cents per day to one dollar and seventy-five
cents, he was appointed foreman by the firm, and placed in
charge of their foundry and machine-shop, at what was then
considered a high salary, lift y dollars per month. lie con-
tinued in this capacity for about eight years, enjoying the
entire confidence of the firm, anil originating many valuable
improvements in the equipping and running of their various
works, refusing at one time to receive full pay, during a
season when their business was unusually dull, being con-
tented with forty dollars per month. While foreman, about
1830, he conceived the idea of a concave mould-board plow,
instead of the convex form then in use; and had some made
and sold of this new pattern. They rapidly came into use,
and the invention became public property, as he had neg-
lected to apply for a patent ; and no plow manufacturer has
been able to monopolize that feature since. He is gifted
with an innate mechanical ingenuity, and at that time was
recognized as a skilful and energetic manager. He was
both industrious and economical, and made his home with
his parents, assuming the burden of their support when
helpless from disease. In 1836, having saved about three
thousand dollars, besides owning a good house and lot, he
decided to go into business for himself. His attention was
attracted towards the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania,
then beginning to be systematically worked, and he went to
the Beaver Meadow region to start a foundry, and removed
thither with his family, He was proposing to associate one
of his brothers in business as a paitncr, and intrusted him
with the greater part of his money, to purchase iron, etc.
Through the misconduct of his brother the funds were all
lost, and he was left almost without resources. Determined,
however, to carry out his enterprise, he succeeded in start-
ing a small foundry, run by horse power, and very soon was
doing a profitable business in making car-wheels, and doing
other work for the coal companies. He remained there only
about two years, when, having an opportunity to sell his
found. y to good advantage, he returned to Ithaca. While
at Beaver Meadows he made a very important improvement
in car-wheels, casting them with a solid hub — instead of the
former mode of casting in two sections — and for which he
was granted letters patent, March 10th, 1838. Hon.

Samuel D. Ingham, for some time Secretary of the Treasury
under the Jackson administration, was then the president of
the Beaver Meadow and lla/leton Coal Company, and un-
dertook to contest his claim to this invention, and a long
and expensive series of litigations was the result. Mr.
Mooers was engaged in defending his claim for between two

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5«7

ami three years after leaving Pennsylvania, ami expended
in it all lie had gained there; he was, however, sureessfiil
in substantiating liis claim, and held his patent. lie was
employed lor some lime in Ithaca as a foreman, and in lN.|0,
joining a fellow- workman, named Benjamin C. Vail, pur-
chased a small foundry in that town, which they operated
for several years successfully. They erected a new shop,
and were doing a very profitable business, when their works
took fire and were entirely destroyed. Their liabilities
were 2545,000, and the entire amount was liquidated, chiefly
from the collection of accounts due them, but their capital
was entirely swept away by the disaster. Mr. Mooers had
some time previously been granted another patent, for an
improved side-hill plow, which was very popular at the
lime, and he had employed a man named Ilardy, as his
agent, to sell the right. Leaving his late partner, Vail, to
settle it]) their business, he started to look after Ilardy, who
had been very successful in disposing of the territory, and
had realized a large amount of money. These funds Ilardy
appropriated to his own use, and Mr. Mooers again found
himself without any means, except his house in Ithaca.
After some time he succeeded in leasing the foundry of V.
Conrad, in Ithaca, and was occupied for several years in the
manufacture of car wheels, threshing machines, etc. During
this period he traded some machines for a tract of pine
lands in the Saginaw region,- which he has held until they
have become valuable, and a source of income from saw-
mills on the land, in which lie has an interest. In 1S52 he
closed his business in Ithaca, and removed to Buffalo, where
he again engaged in the foundry and car-wheel business
with other parlies, the firm being Mooers, I’ltrdy & Co.
The works were carried on very prosperously for several
years, until the company became involved through the dis-
honesty of one of its members, and the partnership was dis-
solved in 1S58. After the affairs of the partnership were
finally settled, he found he hail saved something, and in
1S60 went to Ohio, where he tarried for a while in Toledo,
and found employment at the Novelty Works. In the
autumn of that year he went South, and with a companion
named Hamilton, visited Nashville, with a view of stalling
ear works there, and was ollered line inducements by Mr.
Stevenson, a railroad President. The Presidential canvass
was then in progress, and the general excitement prevailing
decided them not to remain. Hamilton especially became
greatly alarmed at Mooer’s outspoken abolition sentiments,
and did not rest until they had reached free territory. Re-
turning to Toledo, they leased a building on the site of the
present works, and proceeded to fit it it]) as a foundry and
machine shop. Soon after it went into operation, he pur-
chased Hamilton’s interest in it, and subsequently Mr.
Shoemaker became his partner for a few years, but eventu-
ally disposed of his share to his partner. In 1868 he asso-
ciated his son and two sons-in-law, Messrs. Cook, brothers,
and the business has been since carried on without change,
the linn being chiefly engaged in building circular saw-mills

and steam-engines. The senior member of this firm has
been noted from his youth as a staunch temperance man
and one of the earliest workers in that cause. While a
eili/.eii ol Ithaca, lie was an active member of the Sous ol
Temperance, and a prominent member of the Grand Divi-
sion of the State, lie devoted much of his time and means
towards the furtherance of the cause, and aided largely by
his influence and efforts in carrying the State election in
favor of temperance measures at one time, when Myron II.
Clark was elected Governor. Since his residence in Toledo,
he has been identified with all temperance movements and
organizations, and has ever been known as an uncompromis-
ing opponent- to the traffic in everything that intoxicates,
even refusing to use any medicine himself that contains
alcohol in its preparation, and will doubtless die, as he has
lived, a thorough and radical teetotaller. In 1873 he was
sent as one of a committee from Toledo, to visit and inspect
the Silicon Steel Works at Elmira, New York. At the
same time he visited Ithaca, where he met Hon. Ezra Cor-
nell, whom he had once known as a farmer buy, who like
himself had first visited Ithaca to work for a livelihood.
Henry Mooers was married in Dryden, New York, to
Cynthia Milk.

EST, JOSEPH IP, Lawyer, was born, November
22d, 1822, in Clinton county, Ohio. He is the
second of eleven children of Peyton West and
Sarah Hadley. Peyton West was a native of
Pittsylvania county, Virginia, and by occupation
a surveyor. In 1S07 he emigrated to Ohio, set-
tling in Clinton county, on the East Eork of the Little
Miami river, where he died, August 22d, 1870. lie was
identified with the growth of Clinton county, taking a promi-
nent part in all enterprises of public moment. Peyton West
was one of the first surveyors of Clinton county, discharging
the duties of that office for about twenty five years. For
several years he was Collector of Taxes for his county.
Sarah Hadley West was a native of Guilford county, North
Carolina, and daughter of James Hadley, an early pioneer
who settled in Highland county in 1804. The subject of
this sketch was bred to a life of industry and morality, under
the best of home influences. He was employed at farm
work until he reached manhood. Ilis education had been
so meagre that up to this time he could scarcely read.
The spur of ambition impelled him to seek means to improve

his mind and fit himself for a life of usefulness. In 1843
he walked barefooted to Wilmington, Clinton county, a dis-
tance of twelve miles. Here he attended school for about
one year, doing any honest work the while that would en-
able him to pay his board. He improved his time so well
that he secured a teacher’s certificate, and immediately look
charge of a school in Clinton county. He remained in this
position, discharging his duty faithfully, reading law and
cultivating his mind generally, for one year, when he re-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

turned to Wilmington and pursued his law studies for six
imiiillis. In November, i S.j 5 , he went to Cineinnali, and
for the next six months was employed as salesman in a
wholesale dry-goods house. In 1846 he enlisted as a
private in Company li, gth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and
started for Mexico. He went with his regiment as far as
New Orleans to be mustered into the service. In conse-
quence of a disabled shoulder he was unable to pass muster,
and was therefore honorably discharged. 'He found him-
self away from home and without money. He worked his
way on a steamboat up to Vicksburg, where he remained a
few weeks, and then went up the Yazoo river to engage in
lumber rafting. After being thus employed for several
months he landed with his raft at New Orleans, June 29th,
1847, en route for home. From New Orleans he look pas-
sage to Cincinnati, where he obtained employment as a sales-
man in a wholesale grocery house. He remained in this
situation until November of (848, when he took a stock of
goods and opened a store for his firm at Williamstown,
Grant county, Kentucky. In this way he conducted busi-
ness for his lirnt until September, 1851, when the latter
failed. By the failure of his principals he lost what money
he had, and was obliged to borrow money from a friend in
order to reach Martinsville, in his native county. In Janu-
ary of 1852 he was employed as driver of a notion wagon,
but one month of such employment sufficed to turn him to
other pursuits. In 1853 he located again at Martinsville
and resumed reading law. July 14th, 1S54, he was admitted
to the bar of Xenia, Ohio, and immediately opened a law
office at Wilmington, Clinton county. Six months after his
admission to the bar, he was engaged as attorney to the
Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Company,
holding that position until i860. In the meantime he had
been admitted to practise in the United States courts. In
October of i860 lie was elected Probate Judge of Clinton
county, and was re-elected in 1863, discharging the duties
of that position for about six years. Since 1S66 he has
been actively engaged in the management of a large legal
practice, lie has been an ardent Republican since the
organization of that party, and was a delegate to the National
Republican Convention of 1864. He is a man of forcible
character and affable demeanor. September 191I1, 1850, he
married Henrietta Stroud, a native of Williamstown, Grant
county, Kentucky. Edward J. West, his eldest son, was
born, December 8th, 1851, at Blanchester, Clinton county,
Ohio, lie passed his boyhood on a farm, and received a
liberal education at the Wilmington High School. He
began to read law at the age of sixteen, and pursued his
studies with great diligence. For two years he taught
school, devoting his leisure hours to his law books. Janu-
ary 29th, 1873,11c was admitted to the bar. In 1875 he
was brought out by his fellow-citizens and elected Prosecut-
ing Attorney of Clinton county. He is probably the
youngest man in the State filling such a position. Before
he was of age Mr. West had made a reputation as a news-

paper correspondent, and was prominent as an orator. He
was especially known to the people nl his county as a vigor-
ous and enthusiastic temperance lecturer and Sunday school
worker, having been sent as the representative of Clinton
county to the Ohio State Sunday-School Conventions of
1872-73-74-75. Mr. West has thus far displayed great
energy in the practice of his profession and gives promise
of a useful career.

ADE, JEPTHA H. (universally known as the
“ Telegrapher ”), Inventor and Banker, was born
in Seneca county, New York, August nth, 1811.
He is the son of Jeptha Wade, a surveyor and
civil engineer. 1 1 is father died when he was

quite young, and he was therefore compelled to
take care of himself, lie was first apprenticed as carpenter
and attracted the attention of those with whom he was asso-
ciated by his superior genius, in construction of several rare
and complicated musical instruments on which he played
in church and in the bands. I Ie was the commander of
the four hundred Seneca county riflemen, when every man
kept his own rifle, and closed the season with target practice ;
he was unexcelled as a marksman. At twenty-one he
owned a large sash and blind factory. At the age of twenty-
four his ambition led him to the studio of the portrait artist,
Randall Buhner. 11 is success was wonderful, and in a few
years, throughout the States of New York, Michigan, and
Louisiana, he was noted for the beautiful portraits he had
painted. When residing in Adrian, Michigan, he became
interested in the discovery of Daguerre and sent for a
camera, and aided only by printed instructions, took the
first daguerreotype ever executed west of New York.
While in New Orleans he found that his health required
more out -door employment, and as the first telegraph line
between Washington and Baltimore had just been built, he
returned to Detroit, and after a brief study into the mysteries
of the new science, at the head of a corps of laborers began
to construct along the Michigan Central Railroad the first
telegraph line west of Buffalo, lie opened and equipped
the Jackson office, being self-taught, served both as operator
and manager until he began to construct as proprietor. He
soon had lines of telegraph the length and breadth of Ohio
and west to St. Louis, which were called the “ Wade lines.”
Soon he had more or less trouble from stockholders who
were anxious for dividends, ignorant employes, imperfect
insulation and sharp competition. The imperfect insulation
was overcome by his invention, the “ Wade insulator," now
in use. He enclosed the submarine cable in iron across the
Mississippi, at St. Louis, which invention led to telegraph
cables across the oceans. The House Printing-Telegraph
Company joined the Wade, Speed, and other competing
lines in consolidation under the name of Western Union
Telegraph Company; Mr. Wade was General Manager,
with head-quarters in Rochester, New York. This company,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

589

by long connected circuits instead of frequent stoppages and
repetitions, and delivery entirely by telegraph, killed compe-
tition and became successful, lie conceived and carried
into practical operation the Pacific Telegraph from St. Louis
to San Erancisco. lie thus furnished the builders of the
Union Pacific Railroad their example, as they followed
practically the route he had laid out with his telegraph, lie
started out in the spring of 1 80 1 with more than one hun-
dred fat beef cattle, wagons, tools, material for the entire
line, tents and provisions for men, a knife, a pair of revolv-
ers, and a sixteen-shooter rifle, to defend themselves against
the Indians, and although in many places they had to draw
timber for posts two hundred and Idly miles, and water for
men and teams long distances, yet notwithstanding these
and other difficulties the line was completed on the 24th of
October of that same year, lie was the first President of
the Pacific Telegraph Company, and when it was consoli-
dated with the Western Union Telegraph Company he was
made President of the entire combination, which position he
continued to hold until 1867, when he resigned in conse-
quence of a serious illness caused by overwork. Although
he has a large fortune, acquired by industry, perseverance
and capacity for executing great projects, he is not idle, but
is a leading director in many of the largest factories, banks,
railroads and other public institutions. When the Citizens’
Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland was organized
in 1867, he was elected its President. He originated the
Lake View Cemetery Association, and as its President
opened it to the public 111 1871. The “ Wade Park,” an
extensive tract of land, has been beautified at his own ex-
pense, and the public enjoy the benefit of its beauties. He
is appreciated in Cleveland as one of her benefactors for his
unostentatious charities, and for opening, beautifying, and
improving localities and streets.

|UCKEY, AUGUSTUS W., Real Estate Operator,
was born, March 6th, 1817, in Gallipolis, Ohio,
and is a son of John 1.. ami Anna (Wolller)
Lackey. His father was a native of Maryland;
he was married in Middletown, Pennsylvania, in
1816, and soon after removed to Ohio, moving
his wife and worldly goods in a one-horse wagon over the
mountains, and located at Gallipolis. In December, 1823,
they removed to northern Ohio, stopping first at Lower
Sandusky, now Fremont. 1 1 is father having located one
hundred acres of government land on Portage river, sixteen
miles distant from Lower Sandusky, moved his family there
in the same month, and were five days on this short journey
of sixteen miles, being obliged to cut their way through the
woods, and ford the streams. After they reached the tract
of laud, they were obliged to build a log house, and during
the winter suffered many privations. In the following
summer they were nearly prostrated with the fevers which

prevailed throughout the region. There were but few
neighbors at first, but towards the close of 1S24, some more
settlers appeared. The country, however, improved but
slowly, although it became healthier after farms wcie opened.
Two years after the family arrived, a school-house was
built, which Augustus attended when about eight years old.
He received all his education in the district schools held
there, but was generally employed in assisting his father to
clear the farm, or in working by the month in the vicinity.
When fourteen years old, he worked one season at four
dollars per month wages. He married when in his twen-
tieth year, and commenced a farm on forty acres of land on
Toussaint creek, which he had purchased; it was about
three miles distant from his father's place. He commenced
with nothing, lie built a cabin, but had neither furniture
to place in it, nor a team to assist him in clearing the land.
He remained there two years, when his parents died, and
he returned to the homestead; this was situated on the
river opposite the site of the present town of Elmore. He
was elected a Justice of the Peace when he was twenty-one
years old, and held that position for nine years. Until 1850
he was chiefly employed in clearing and working the farm,
and gradually improved his financial condition. At that date
he purchased a tract of land opposite his farm for John II.
Foster, of Norwalk, and laid out the town of Elmore. Dur-
ing the following year he purchased Foster’s interests in the
place, and proceeded to dispose of the lots. The Cleveland
& Toledo Railroad was completed the same year, and as it
passed through Elmore, the lots sold off rapidly and profit-
ably. He continued to make investments in lands, and
found himself in a few years engaged in an extensive real
estate business, buying and selling for himself and others in
Ottawa and adjoining counties. Ilis transactions have been
very large and varied. In one township near Elmore,
nearly every tract has been owned or sold by him. He is
now associated with Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes and others
in real estate operations in Toledo and its vicinity. In
political sentiments he was formerly an old-line Whig, and
after the disintegration of that party was inclined towards
conservative views, but during the late civil war he was one
of the most active in his own county in aiding the govern-
ment and raising recruits. Ilis son, James B. Luckey,
though but seventeen years of age, recruited a company for
the 3d Ohio Cavalry, and served as Captain of Company L
throughout the war. In 1864, when it seemed almost im-
possible to induce men to enlist, Mr. Luckey persuaded
more than one to go to the field, giving one man forty acres
of good land, to another one hundred dollars, and pledged
himself individually to contribute three dollars per month
to the families of all who should volunteer. lie was also
appointed by Governor Tod, and acted very efficiently, as a
Draft Commissioner. He was married, February 2(ith,
1837,(0 Desire M„ daughter of Joseph Hall, one of the
first settlers at I’ort Clinton, and an owner of extensive tracts
of land and of several mills on 1‘ortngc river, lie has had

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590

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

four children, of whom two are now living. Mary, his

daughter, is the wife of D. Wood, and resides in Kortino;
and his son, James It., is associated with him in the real
estate business. The latter is now Auditor of Ottawa
county, a Republican in polities, lmt elected in a county
strongly Democratic.

CLAWSON, LA QUINIO, M. D.,' Physici
^ > -s ) Farmer, was born, September 14th, 1S04
town of Erwin, Franklin county, Massai

ystcian and
1 S04, in the
Massachusetts,

and is a son of Lemuel Rawson, a native of the
same State, and a lineal descendant of Edward
Rawson, the fust Secretary of the colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay, who emigrated from Gillingham, England, in
1636, to New England, and represented the town of New-
bury in the General Court of the year 1639. Dr. Rawson
passed his early years upon his father's farm, attending the
district school during the winter season. When sixteen
years of age he entered the academy, where he continued
for two years, teaching school in the winter. When about
nineteen years old he left home and travelled to Ohio,
reaching Newbury, Geauga county, where an elder brother
resided, engaged in the practice of medicine. In March,
1824, he commenced the study of medicine with his brother,
remaining in his office about two years, and thence went to
Zanesville, where he continued his readings with Dr.
Manner. In July, 1826, he was licensed by the Ohio
Medical Society, and commenced the practice of his profes-
sion in Crawford county, where he remained about eighteen
months. In December, 1S27, he removed to the town of
Lower Sandusky — now Fremont — and resumed his practice.
The country was new, and the town contained less than
three hundred inhabitants. There were but few physicians
in that section, and the practice was very laborious and
trying to the soundest constitution. In 1833 he went to
Cincinnati, where he passed the winter in attendance upon
the lectures in the Ohio Medical College, receiving from
that institution the degree of Doctor of Medicine. lie
subsequently went to Philadelphia, and attended the lee-
lures delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, where he
also graduated, and received the diploma of that celebrated
school, and also the diploma of the Philadelphia Medical
Society, of which he became a member. While continuing
the active practice of medicine, he held the office of Clerk
of the Court of Common Pleas of Sandusky county, and
also Clerk of the Supreme Court continuously from 1836 to
1852. In 1855 became, with others, interested in the
construction of the Lake Erie & Louisville Railroad; and
at the time of the organization of the company was made
its President, which office he continues to hold. lie has
taken an active part in the management of the road, aiding
it liberally with his means. Previous to i860 he withdrew
entirely from the practice of his profession, and has since
employed his leisure time in agricultural pursuits, he being

the owner of a fine farm at a short distance from the town
limits, and also of another some miles beyond, which is
devoted to stock raising, lie is a stockholder and a Direc-
tor of the First National Bank ol Fremont. He is a Re-
publican in politics, but has never been a candidate fur any
office. He was, however, a delegate to the National Con-
vention of 1864, which assembled in Baltimore, and nomi-
nated President Lincoln for a second term. lie was
married, July 8th, 1S29, at Fremont, to Sophia Beaugrand,
and has had eight children, of whom there are but three
now living— one daughter and two sons — all at home. His
eldest son, Eugene A. Rawson, born March 14th, 1840,
enlisted in the army while at school in Homer, New York,
and was several times promoted. While Major of the 77th
Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and leading his command in a
charge at Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1864, he fell mortally
wounded.

RIM15LE, ALLEN, ex-Governor of Ohio, was
born in Augusta county, Virginia, November 24th,
17S3. 11 is ancestors, paternal and maternal,

were of the intelligent, adventurous Scotch Irish
stock that at an early day settled the valley of
Virginia and formed the bulwark of stout arms
and brave hearts between the Northwestern Indians and
the Eastern settlements of Virginia. In one of their savage
and merciless assaults on this border population of Augusta
county, John Trimble, the grandfather of Allen, was slain
while defending his home and family, and James, his only
son, then a lad of ten years, with others, taken prisoners.
This bloodstained band was ^successfully pursued over the
Allegheny mountains by a party under Colonel Moflit, a
stepson of John Trimble, the Indians surprised, and the
prisoners rescued. When twenty-one yea'rs of age James,
the father of Allen Trimble, participated in the severely
contested but decisive battle of Point Pleasant, fought by
the valley troops, under General Lewis, in 1774, with the
combined Indian forces, under their most distinguished
chief, Cornstalk. He also commanded a company of bor-
der troops during the revolutionary war, that aided in suc-
cessfully repelling the frequent inroads attempted on the
border settlements by the combined British and Indian
forces. In 17S0 he married Jane, daughter of James Allen,
whose only brothers perished on battle-fields — one at
Grant’s defeat, near Fort Duquesne, and the other at Point
Pleasant, under Lewis. In 1784 Captain Trimble, having
previously located in Kentucky the land warrants received
for military service, formed, with his young family, part of
a company of over 500 souls who, under command of Gen-
eral Knox, of revolutionary memory, traversed the wilder-
ness from Virginia to the interior of Kentucky on horseback,
depending upon their titles for supplies and for defence
against hostile Indians. Allen, the subject of this sketch,
was eleven months old, and was carried in his mother's

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

59*

nnih on lliis tedious and perilous journey. Captain Trim-
Mi: settled ,i few miles from McConnell’S Station (now
Lexington, Kentucky), where lie continued till his death
in 1S04. lie had in 1802, inlhieneed hy high moral and
religious considerations, and with a view to the ultimate
interests of his growing family, resolved to manumit his
slaves and make his home in the territory northwest of the
Ohio river. In execution of this purpose lie visited Ohio
in 1S02, accompanied hy his son Allen, and selected lands
in the Scioto and Paint valleys, and one tract of 1200 acres
on Clear Creek, in Highland county. O11 this latter he
determined to locale his family, and in April, 1S04, with a
sufficient working force, built on it a comfortable double
log cabin, cleared the land, and planted an orchard of five
or six acres, the trees for which were carried on horseback
from Kentucky, his son Allen managing the home business
during his absence. The death of his father in October of
this year (1S04) left Allen — not yet twenty-one — the re-
sponsible head of the family, with his father’s well-consid-
ered and cherished purposes to execute (save one, the
freedom of his slaves; the deeds for the manumission of
these had been recorded in his lifetime). With a good
English and thorough business education, a self-reliance
taught by his father’s confidence and example, and with a
strong sense of duty to a mother and younger brothers and
sisters, he was not unfitted for the delicate trust, and with
the energy and despatch which distinguished him in after
life, he proceeded to settle the affairs of his father’s estate,
and in October, 1S05, took possession of the residence in
Ohio consecrated by his father’s labors. In 1S09 he was
appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and Su-
preme Court for Highland county, and County Recorder,
which positions he occupied seven years. This appoint-
ment caused him to make Hillsborough, the county seat,
his residence, which it continued to be during the remain-
der of his life. Notwithstanding his official position, he
yielded to his country’s call for brief periods of military
service in both 1S12 and iStj. When Hull’s surrender
exposed the frontier to the incursions of combined British
and Indian forces, and before the United States government
had provided means of defence, Governor Shelby, of Ken-
tucky, appointed General Harrison, of Ohio, to the com-
mand of the Kentucky troops. The latter issued a call for
regiments for thirty days’ service, to be raised in Ohio and
join his Kentucky troops. Allen Trimble was elected
Colonel of one of these regiments, and joined General Har-
rison at St. Mary’s. He was ordered with his command to
the relief of the garrison at Fort Wayne, which was seriously
threatened by the enemy, and to disperse the Indians com-
bining on the upper Wabash and Eel rivers. This service
was performed in such manner as to elicit from General
Harrison a very complimentary approval. The time for
the call having expired, and its purpose accomplished, these
troops were disbanded. In 1813, at the general call of
Governor Meigs, he marched a regiment to LIpper San-

1 dusky. For want of supplies General Harrison was com-
pelled to dismiss this patriotic force of Ohio volunteers and
| direct their return to llieii homes. ■ In 1S16 Allen Trimble
was elected to the Legislature from Highland county by a
large majority over tbe former representative, and took bis
seat in the first General Assembly convened at Columbus.
In 1817 he was elected to the Senate from the district com-
posed of the counties of Highland and Fayette; the same
constituency returning him four successive terms of two
years each by very large majorities. At the session of 1818
he was elected Speaker of the Senate over General Robert
Lucas, the former Speaker, and was continued in that posi-
tion, almost by common consent, for seven successive years.
That he should have been continued Speaker so many
years, at a time when the Senate of Ohio was remarkable
for men of ability, is evidence that he possessed the higher
qualities of manhood which inspired and retained the con-
fidence of his compeers. It was claimed by them at the
time, and oft repeated since, that Allen Trimble made the
ablest presiding officer that had been known in Ohio. At
the session of 1S21 he was elected United States Senator by
the General Assembly, to fill the vacancy caused by the
death of Colonel William A. Trimble, brother of Allen.
The Speaker of the Senate, by provision of tbe Constitution,
became the acting Governor until the position was filled by
the people at the general election of October, 1S22. During
the session of 1821 a joint resolution of the Legislature
authorized the Governor to appoint a committee to examine
and report to the next General Assembly upon the subject
of common schools, and the pol i cy of the adoption of the
system by the State of Ohio. The acting Governor was
careful to appoint men of enlightened and liberal views,
trusting to the merits of that subject to elicit from them a
favorable report. Owing to the intrinsic difficulties of the
subject, not then understood as now — especially by men in
a new State, made up largely of population from older
States-, in which no such system prevailed- — the committee
did not report till the session of 1824. They then pre-
sented an able and unanimous report in favor of the system,
and legislative enactments during that session engrafted it
upon the public policy of the State. At this session, also,
the canal policy was adopted, and ex-Governor llrown,
Allen Trimble, and Ebenezer Buckingham (a member of
the Senate) were elected by the General Assembly the first
Canal Fund Commissioners, and authorized to negotiate the
first loan of the State for canal purposes. This was suc-
cessfully accomplished and on as favorable terms as any
since made by the Stale. At the October election of 1826
Allen Trimble was elected Governor by an unusually large
majority over his competitors, John Bigger, John W. Camp-
bell, and Benjamin Tappan — the vote being for Bigger
4114, for Campbell 4C175, for Tappan 4192; in all, 12,981 ;
and for Trimble 71,475 — a majority of 58,494. The liberal
and enlightened views of public policy which had marked
his career as a legislator, characterized his administration as

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592

BIOGRA I’ll ICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Chief Executive, and were earnestly pressed upon t lie Leg-
islature. At the session of 1826 Governor Trimble was
aulhoii/.ed by the Legislature to select the half million
acres of land granted by Congress to the Stale for canal
purposes. Associating with himself Mr. Louis Davis, ol
Cincinnati, an early pioneer, he spent several weeks of the
summer of 1827 in the Maumee and Sandusky valleys, in
the discharge of this duty, and received the thanks of the
Legislature for the manner in which the important trust had
been performed. In 1828 General Jackson’s popularity
and influence had not only created a powerful party for his
support, lmt one in violent hostility to Mr. Clay and his
friends. Governor Trimble had been one of Mr. Clay’s
most ardent supporters from his first appearance on the field
a-, a candidate for the Presidency. No amount of patriotic
service to the State seemed able to stem the tide of party
feeling, or resist the force of party discipline which had
been inaugurated by the Jackson party. The Clay Whigs
of Ohio went into the battle with Governor Trimble as
their standard-bearer, and after the most severe political
contest known in the State to that time, had the gratifica-
tion of electing, not only the Governor, but a majority of
both branches of the Legislature. The Stale was carried
at the November election for General Jackson by several
thousand majority. Success in this contest increased the
previous partiality of the Whigs of the State for their Gov-
ernor, attributing, as they did, their success in the general
election in great measure to his popularity. A wise and
economical administration of the affairs of the State retained
political power in the hands of the Whig party of Ohio
until the Presidential election in 1832. At the close of this
executive term, December, 1S30, Governor Trimble retired
from public life, carrying with him to that retirement as
large a share of public confidence and respect as any man
who had served the State. Including his clerkship, he had
now been in official positions continuously for twenty years
— thirteen years prominently before the public eye, as
Representative, Senator, Speaker of the Senate, and Gov-
ernor of the State — and in every position regarded as an
honest, capable, faithful public servant. lie had aided in
maturing and putting into successful operation liberal and
enlightened systems of policy that secured to the State a
rapid growth and substantial prosperity, and made it a
worthy example as the first-born of the free States north-
west the Ohio river. Though but forty-seven years of age,
he could well afford to retire with gratified ambition and
give his aljenlion to agricultural pursuits, to which he had
been trained from boyhood, and which lie had always pur-
sued with interest and pleasure. To aid in building up this
important interest of the Stale he gave time, influence, and
money, and had the gratification during his life of witness-
ing the fruit of efforts made in connection with other
enlightened and liberal agriculturists of the Slate, in the
rapid development and improvement of this great field of
human labor. Having alLaehed himself to the Methodist

Episcopal Church in 1828, from strong, deep conviction of
duty as a responsible agent owing service and love to his
Creator, his walk through life was fraught with influence
for good, and his death embalmed with holy and tender
remembrances by his suiviving relatives and friends, lie
passed from life peacefully, happily, the 3d of February,
1870, in his eighty-eighth year.

IRCIIARD, SARDIS, Merchant, Ranker, and
Philanthropist, was born, January 15th, 1S01, in
Wilmington, Windham county, Vermont, and
was the youngest son of Roger and Drusilla
(Austin) Birchard. Both of his grandfathers
were revolutionary soldiers. One of these, Elias
Birchard, died of a disease contracted in the service near
the close of the war; and the other, Captain Daniel Austin,
served as an officer under Washington throughout the war,
and survived many years. The Birchards were among the
first settlers of Norwich, Connecticut. When his mother
died, five children survived her, and Sardis, the youngest,
was taken by his sister Sophia, who had married Ruther-
ford Ilayes, and became one of their family, and lived with
them at Dunmerston, Vermont, until 1817, when he accom-
panied them in their removal to Delaware, Ohio. He
acquired the rudiments of an English education by an
irregular attendance . at such schools as were kept at that
early day in the country towns of Vermont, lie became an
expert hunter and horseman for a boy of his age, and
gained some knowledge of business in the store of his
brother-in-law, R. Ilayes. In Ohio he worked with the
latter in building, farming, driving, taking care of stock,
and employed all his spare hours in hunting. He was
able, w'ith his rifle, to supply his own ajul other families
with turkeys and venison. In 1822 his brother-in-law died,
leaving a wddow and three young children, and a large un-
settled business. Sardis, at this time, was barely twenty-one
years of age ; but he at once assumed the duties of the head
of the family, and applied himself diligently to the manage-
ment of the unsettled affairs of his brother-in-law’s estate,
and to the care of his household. In September, 1824, he
first visited his future home, Fremont, then Lower San-
dusky, accompanied by his friend, Benjamin Powers, since
a banker of Delaware, Ohio. In the summer of 1825,
while mowing in the hay field, he was seriously injured in
health by over exertion, and from the effects of this he
never entirely recovered. In the winter of 1825-26 he was
confined to his bed with an attack called consumption, and
it was supposed he would not live till spring. He, how-
ever, spoke hopefully of his condition, and a cheerful dispo-
sition, aided by the elasticity of his constitution, carried
him safely through. He subsequently made a trip to
Vermont on horseback, where he remained until the ap-
proach of winter, when he repaired to Georgia, and passed

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/FDIA.

593

the winter in that salubrious region. In 1S27 lie purchased
a stuck of goods in New York city, and accompanied it
when shipped to Cleveland. 1 1 is intention was to sell to
laboteis on the Ohio Canal, which was then in course ol
construction from Cleveland southwardly. Alter passing
down the canal into the Tuscarawas valley, he became dis-
satisfied with that trade, and having disposed of a portion
of his goods to another trader, took the balance to Fort
Ball (now Tiffm), where he remained, trading successfully
with the new settlers until December of that year, when he
removed to Lower Sandusky, and was the first to go into
business there alone. lie received the Indian trade to a
large extent by refusing to sell them liquor. He was in
trade three or four years, and having accumulated <>10,000,
considered himself rich enough to retire. About 1S31,
however, he formed his first partnership with Kodolphus
Dickinson and Esbon llusted, be furnishing the capital.
The firm-name was R. Dickinson & Co., and they soon had
in operation one of the largest retail stores north of Colum-
bus ami west of Cleveland, their yearly sales amounting to
£>50,000, the majority being on credit. He bought the first
vessel with Richard Sears, each owning an equal interest.
This was a schooner, the “ John Richards,” about one
hundred tons burthen, and worth about $4000. The first
shipment of wheat out of Lower Sandusky, according to
the best of bis recollection, was made on this schooner;
and this shipment was probably the first sent eastward from
any lake port west of Cleveland. The wheat from the
ridges of Seneca county was then much sought after for
starch manufacture, and was then worth fifty cents per
bushel. In I S3 5 Lisbon llusted died, and his place in the
firm was taken by George Grant, who had been a clerk in
the establishment since the formation of the firm. In 1841
the latter died, when the firm dissolved, the business being
settled by Mr. Birchard. On January 1st, 1851, in partner-
ship with Lucius B. Otis — forming the firm of Birchard &
Otis — the first banking house in Fremont was established.
On the removal of Judge Otis to. Chicago, in 185G, the re-
maining member of the firm formed a partnership with
Anson II. Miller and Dr. James \V. Wilson, under the
firm-name of Birchard, Miller & Co. In 1S63 the First
National Bank of Fremont was organized, when the bank-
ing firm of Birchard, Miller & Co. was merged in it. It
was the second national bank organized in Ohio, and the
fifth in the United States. Mr. Birchard was elected Presi-
dent of the bank on its organization, and held the position
till his death. During the half century which elapsed after
arriving at man’s estate he was active and conspicuous,
where good words and works were required, in the promo-
tion of every important scheme designed to advance the
welfare of the town and county of his residence. He was
connected with the first enterprise that opened river and
lake commerce between Fremont and Buffalo. Appropria-
tions by the State for the construction of the Western Re-
serve and Maumee road had in him an early, untiring, and

75

efficient friend ; and through his efforts in circulating peti-
tions over the State to influence public opinion, and thus
secure favorable legislative action, the work was doubtless
completed many yeais earlier than it would otherwise have
been, lie next became enlisted in the enterprise of con-
structing the Toledo, Norwalk <Sc Cleveland Railroad.
'Lite chances were that the northern and rival route — now
known as the Northern Division — would be the one to be
constructed first, and a long struggle ensued between the
friends of each route. In conjunction with C. L. Boalt, of
Norwalk, he was so strenuous in advancing the interests of
the Southern route by every means in their power, even by
pledging every dollar of their private fortunes for the pur-
pose of raising funds to prosecute the enterprise, that the
issue turned in theii favor; and without such pledges and
extraordinary personal efforts it is probable the construction
of this line would have been postponed many years. He
was an active and influential member of the Whig party
while it existed, and did not abandon his interests in poli-
tics after its demise, but was an earnest supporter of Presi-
dent Lincoln and the war. lie was a purchaser at the first
sale of government bonds, to carry on the war for the Union,
made in Ohio in 1862. lie was hospitable, warm-hearted,
and friendly. In addition to contributions to religious and
benevolent objects, bis private charities were large. A
most important benefaction, affecting the public interests of
Fremont, was made in 1871, in the donation of two tracts
of ground, to be devoted to the use of the public as parks.
In 1873 he set apart property amounting to <150,000 for the
purpose of establishing a public library in Fremont. He
appointed a board of trustees to take charge of the same,
and provided for the continuance of this board. At that
time it was estimated that, including his previous bequests,
he had presented to the city one-fifth of his entire estate.
For nearly seventeen years he had been' a communicant
member of the Presbyterian Church, and a constant contrib-
utor to its incidental and benevolent funds. He also gave
£>7000 to the new church edifice now occupied by the con-
gregation. Though a member of this church, he frequently
aided other congregations without distinction of denomina-
tion. He died January 21st, 1874, after an illness of but
one hour in duration.

fRIMBLE, COLONEL WILLIAM IL, third son
I of ex-Governor Allen Trimble, was born at Hills-

borough, Ohio, October 22d, 1811. He was
educated chiefly at Miami University, and read
law with Samson Mason, at Springfield, Ohio.
While engaged in the practice he yielded to the
wishes of his Whig friends, and represented Highland
county in the Legislature three terms — 1845, 1846, and
1847 — and was solicited in 1S48 to be a candidate for the
Senate in the strong Whig district composed of the counties
of Fayette and Highland. This he declined, having pre-

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594

BIOGRAPHICAL FNCYCLOP/FDIA.

viously built a comfortable borne oil a farm adjoining the
town of Hillsborough, ami concluded to devote himself
exclusively to agricultural juirsuits. On various occasions
he has given time, effort, and money to measures esteemed
of public impoi tame. ()l these only his connection with
the military affairs of the country are of sufficient general
interest to justify notice in this brief sketch. When the war
of the rebellion was inaugurated Colonel Trimble was fifty
years of age, and of such precarious health as might well
have excused his entering the service; but inherited mili-
tary spirit and a deep sense of the importance of preserving
the Union induced him first to yield to the suggestion of
Governor Dennison to raise a regiment for the defence of
the border, when it was uncertain what position Kentucky
would take in the contest ; and afterwards, at the request
of his officers, to procure an order from the War Depart-
ment and raise a regiment for one year of general service.
Th is latter regiment of 1000 men — the both Ohio — was
assigned to General Fremont’s Virginia command, lie
made of it and the 8th Virginia Regiment his advance
corps brigade, and placed it under the command of Colonel
Clusseret, an Algerine French officer. Its position brought
it in contact with Jackson’s rear guard, commanded by
Ashby, in several engagements in which the main army did
not participate; and in the battle at Cross Keys it constituted,
with Millroy’s and Schenck’s brigades, the right wing of
Fremont’s army. On all these occasions the command
gained credit for good conduct. In the frequent changes
occurring in the movement of troops about this lime — the
summer and autumn of 1862 — the 60th Ohio, with others,
had the misfortune to be drifted to Harper’s Ferry, and to
the command of Colonel Miles, lie appointed Colonel
Trimble to the command of the 2d Brigade, consisting of
the gth Vermont, 125th and 126th New York, 60th Ohio,
and Rigby’s Indiana Battery, to which was added, during
the engagement of this command with the enemy, the 3d
Maryland, 32d Ohio, and Bolt’s Ohio Battery, with S71I1
Ohio on extreme left, guarding the Winchester Railroad
track along the Shenandoah river. This force constituted
the left llank of the command on the Virginia side of the
Potomac, and barely covered with a single linc-of battle the
ground assigned it by Colonel Miles, to wit, part of Bolivar
Heights and the space from the Charlestown pike to the
Shenandoah liver, with no reserve and no chance of rein-
forcement, and was thoroughly commanded by the fifty
guns skilfully placed under Jackson’s direction to strike
front, flank, and rear of the command. The entire force at
Harper’s Ferry, including that of General White, from
Martinsburg, was about 10,000 men, fully 011c half of which
were new regiments, undrilled and undisciplined ; and the
ground chosen by Miles for defence, by a singular perversity
of the commander, left without defensive preparation. It is
not within the limits prescribed to this sketch to notice,
much less discuss the numerous points of interest connected
with the Harper’s Ferry surrender. It should be said,

however, in justice to the patriotic citizen soldiers forced by
the orders of the government into so false a position, ami
placed under command of the most notoriously incompetent
ollicer developed dining the war, that nothing but the
rapid succession of disasters to the Union arms which had
immediately preceding startled ami alarmed the nation, and
the utter misconception by the government and people of
Harper’s Ferry as a military position, could have prevented
the chief blame of the disaster from attaching where it
properly belonged — to the government and its military
authorities. That misconception consisted in regarding
Harper’s Ferry as the key to the surrounding country, and
as in and .of itself a strong military position — an inland
Gibraltar. Surrounded by an open country through which
an army of too, 000 men could pass without difficulty,
Harper’s Ferry was the key to nothing. The only point to
which the term “key” can be applied is Maryland Heights.
Rising 1200 feet above the water level of the Potomac, and
at right angles to London and Bolivar Heights — the former
900 and the latter 300 feet elevation — it commands both
and the plateau between, including Harper’s Ferry and
Town Hill. If deemed necessary to maintain the position
before an advancing and triumphant army of 90,000 men,
the entire force should have been placed under an able and
energetic commander, who, with a competent engineer,
might in two or three weeks’ time have so fortified Mary-
land Heights as to have held it against Jackson’s force of
not less than 30,000 men, till rescued by the advance of the
Union army. Knowing that Jackson had been stationed at
Harper’s Ferry in the early part of the war, had carefully
investigated and thoroughly understood the position, Gen-
eral Lee ordered him to march with such force as would
render success certain amKcapture the command at Har-
per’s Ferry. It is part of the history of the war, that often
as the rebel drove the Union forces from Harper’s Ferry,
they never attempted to retain possession. Jackson, whose
thorough knowledge and military genius enabled him to
judge accurately, considered it an indefensible position,
and was said to have pronounced it the greatest slaughter
pen on the continent. The United States government,
after a thorough topographic survey, abandoned the system
of fortifications already begun, thereby confirming the esti-
mate of the position previously formed by the enemy. The
right thing for the government to have done on the first
indication of danger was to have ordered the evacuation of
Harper’s Ferry and the march of the force at that point and
Martinsburg through Maryland to a junction with some
part of the main Union army. The failure to do this, or
take possession of and fortify Maryland I (eights, and the
retaining in command an utterly incompetent officer, ren-
ders the government and its military authorities responsible
for a disaster that the overwhelming force of the enemy, the
skill of its commander, and the false position of the Union
force made inevitable. The pretence of rescue by Frank-
lin auil Sumner’s divisions hail nut even the shadow of

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

595

probability to sustain it. After the feeble defence and
hasty surrender of Maryland Heights by Miles and l'ord,
Saturday, September 13th, but one chance remained ui
saving the garrison — that was.il possible, on Saturday or
Sunday night to have crossed the Potomac and (ought
through the enemy’s lines on the Maryland side. This was
urged by the commander of the 2d Brigade ami other
ollieers. Officers of the enemy’s force on the Maryland
side have since admitted this could have been done. The
battle at Antietam being in progress on Sunday, 14th,
Jackson had a strong incentive to speedy and vigorous
action for the completion of the capture of Harper’s Perry,
that his force might join and strengthen Lee. Selecting
the left flank as the weak point of the Union lines, he con-
centrated a heavy force of infantry and artillery, consisting
of A. P. Hill’s division, supported by Ewell’s; beginning
the attack with artillery at noon of the 14th, and by half
past two, with a heavy infantry force, attempting to force
the Union line. The struggle lasted till night, and resulted
in the enemy being driven back in some confusion. The
conflict was renewed at daylight (five o’clock Monday
morning), and continued till the surrender, at about nine
o’clock. The testimony is abundant, and the fact was con-
ceded at the time by the officers of the enemy, that Colonel
Trimble’s command made a most gallant and persistent
defence under the most unfavorable and trying circum-
stances, and against a force of more than three limes their
number. Though escaping on this and other fields, Colonel
Trimble was afterwards so seriously injured by his horse
being hurled violently upon him as to compel his quitting
the service at the moment when promotion was tendered
him.

AM MONO, JACOB, M. D., Physician, was born,
August 8th, 1S0S, in Jefferson county, Ohio,
about fourteen miles from Steubenville, and is
the seventh of twelve children, whose parents
were James and Elizabeth (Latshaw) Hammond.
His father was a native of Adams county, Penn-
sylvania, and a farmer by occupation. He removed to
Ohio in 1 Sob, and settled in Smilhfield township, Jefferson
county, where he resided until his death, in 1S42. 1 1 is

widow, who was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, survived
her husband twenty-five years, and died in 1867. Jacob
worked on a farm until he was fourteen years old, attending
school in winter. In 1823 he went to Richmond, in his
native county, for the purpose of obtaining a classical edu-
cation. He then returned to Smilhfield, and resumed his
studies there until 1829. In that year he proceeded to
Steubenville, where he commenced reading medicine under
the supervision of Dr. Anderson Judkins, of that town, and
also attended the lectures delivered in the medical depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia.
In iSji he commenced the practice of medicine at Steuben-

ville, remaining there until the summer of that year, when
he proceeded to Springfield, in Clarke county, where he
practised until the spring of 1832, when he went to Evans-
burg, in Coshocton county, and continued his professional
duties lor two years in that place, lie then for about a
year look a vacation, and travelled through the country in
order to recuperate his health, which had become somewhat
impaired. In 1836 he settled at Annapolis, Jell'ersou
county, where he practised his profession until 1862.
During these years he attended partial courses of lectures
at the Cleveland Medical College and the Berkshire Medi-
cal College of western Massachusetts, graduating from the
latter institution in 1859. In 1862 he went to Steubenville,
where he has ever since resided, engaged in the control of
an extensive and lucrative practice. He has been for many
years a prominent and active member of the Ohio Medical
Association. He has contributed to the literature of the
profession on various occasions. Politically he is a Repub-
lican, and in religious belief adheres to the principles and
practices of the Society of Friends. Socially he is pleasant,
affable, and courteous. He has ever led a temperate life,
and has been noted for his untiring energy, perseverance,
and indexible integrity, lie was married in 1862 to Mary
Ann, daughter of William Sharon, and sister of Senator
Sharon, of Nevada.

EARCE, ENOCH, M. D., Physician and Surgeon,
was born, November tSlh, 1832, at Westminster,
near Baltimore, Maryland, and is a son of Enoch
and Rachel (McKcnsic) Pearce. Both of his
parents are Marylanders. His father has fol-
lowed mechanical pursuits through life, and re-
moved to Ohio in 1S40, settling at Steubenville, where he
has since resided. Dr. Pearce received a liberal education
at the Grove Academy, in Steubenville. In 184S he com-
menced to study medicine under the preceptorship of Dr.
Benjamin Tappan, of Steubenville, and for three years
pursued his readings with earnestness. He attended the
medical lectures delivered at the University of the City of
New York in 1851-52, and also at Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia, in 1853-54, graduating from the latter
institution with honor. He began the practice of bis pro-
fession in Steubenville, in 1854, and has resided there ever
since, having succeeded in establishing a successful and
lucrative line of patronage. During the civil war he was
Surgeon of the 6 1 st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was with
that command at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Second
Bull Run, White Sulphur Springs, Freeman’s Ford, Fred-
ericksburg, Chanccllorsville, and Gettysburg, besides numer-
ous lesser engagements and skirmishes. After the battle of
Gettysburg he was examined by the United Slates Medical
Board, and was appointed Assistant Surgeon of United
States Volunteers, and was commissioned by President
Lincoln as such. He held this position one week only.

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59.6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

when he was promoted to the grade of full Surgeon United
States Volunteers, for deserved excellency in scholarship
and in the duties of stirgeonry and medicine, lie continued
in the service, and was assigned to duly in Tennessee, and
also to the management of a United States army hospital in
Louisville for wounded soldiers. 1 1 is health having lie-
come impaired, he was discharged from the service hy the
War Department for physical disability, lie immediately
returned home, and sought rest as a means to recover his
health, and after a year resumed the practice of his profes-
sion in Steubenville. On July 24th, 1867, he was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet in the United Slates medical
service for faithful and meritorious services during the war
of the rebellion. In 1869 he received the appointment of
Examining Surgeon in the service of the government, which
position he yet retains, lie has been for a number of years
a prominent member of the State Medical Society, and was
Chairman of the Committee on the Incurable Insane of
Ohio, making the report to the Legislature, lie has also
written more or less on medical topics. He has been from
its organization a prominent officer and member of the Jeffer-
son County Medical Association. He was appointed in
1S75 Censor of the Columbus Medical College. He has
never sought or held any public office involving political
responsibility. lie was married in i860 to Cecilia J.,
daughter of the late Richard Savary, of Steubenville.

,OOD, REV. JEREMIAH 1IAAK, D. D„ Clergy-
man and Professor of Dogmatic and Practical
Theology in the Theological Seminary of Heidel-
berg College, Tiffin, Ohio, was born, November
22d, 1822, in the village of Rehrersburg, Berks
county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of the late
Philip Augustus and Elizabeth (Ilaak) Good, lie is of Ger-
man lineage, his grandfather having emigrated from Deux-
ponts, in the Palatinate. In his ninth year his father re-
moved to Reading, Pennsylvania, to enter upon the office
of l’rothonotary of the county, but died shortly thereafter, in
consequence of which he was adopted by his uncle, Joseph
Good, who designed him for the bar. I11 his fourteenth
year he resolved to acquire a regular collegiate education,
and for this purpose proceeded to Marshall College, at
Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. In the succeeding year, by
the death of his uncle, he was cast almost entirely upon his
own resources. Nevertheless, he persevered, and graduated
in the regular course in September, 1842, receiving from the
faculty the appointment of valedictorian, which was at that
time the highest honor. Immediately upon his graduation
he was chosen to the position of Assistant Rector of the pre-
paratory department in the same institution, which he filled
for three years. In this time a change in his life -purposes
occurred, so that he felt it his duty to prepare himself for
the ministry; and he accordingly entered the Theological

Seminary at the same place, then under charge of Rev. Dr.
J. W. Ncvin, and completed his studies in September, 1S45.
Having received a call to the Reformed Church, in Lan-
caster, < tliio, he resigned his academical appointment and
entered upon his ministerial labors in Ohio in October, 1846.
At this time the Reformed Church in Ohio was without a
college, a theological seminary, or a religious paper. Urg-
ing the establishment of the latter as a pressing necessity,
and the best means to reach the founding of the former, he
was by the Ohio Synod elected editor, and authorized to
establish such a paper. 'Phis caused his removal to Colum-
bus, Ohio, in October, 1848. On January 1st, 1849, he
issued the first number of the paper entitled The Western
Missionary of the Reformed Church (which has since
largely increased in circulation, and is now edited and pub-
lished in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Dr. S. Mease, under the title
Christian World). By means of this journal the matter of
a college and seminary was urged so strongly that the Ohio
Synod in 1850 resolved to establish the same at Tiffin, Ohio,
and to this end elected Rev. Jeremiah II. Good as Professor
of Mathematics, and his brother. Rev. R. Good, as Professor
of Natural Sciences in the proposed institutions. Funds
were gradually gathered and suitable buildings erected, and
the college and seminary may now be regarded as firmly
and permanently established, having an average attendance
of about two hundred and lifly students, and property worth
over $100,000. From October, 1850, until September, 1867,
he devoted himself to this college professorship, in addition
to which he edited the religious paper above mentioned for
the first three years. In 1867 the Ohio Synod elected him
as Professor of Dogmatic and Practical Theology in its
Theological Seminary (connected with the college), of
which position he is still the incumbent. In 1868 the de-
gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by his
Alma Mater. He is regarded by his colleagues as a man
of marked ability and superior culture, and ranks among
the first in the denomination for high attainments and spirit-
uality. Heidelberg College owes much of its prosperity to
his influence, he having been to a great extent instrumental
in its founding and complete establishment, as above stated.
Portly in physique, with a most genial face and winning ad-
dress, he attracts all with whom he comes in contact, lie
was married in 1S47 to Susan Hubbard Root, of Granville,
Licking county, Ohio.

■fl OTTER, 1I0N. EMERY D., Lawyer and Jurist,
was born, 1S04, in Providence county, Rhode
Island, and is a son of the late Abraham Potter, a
Jp farmer in limited circumstances, who removed to
c Otsego county, New York, when his son was two

years old. The latter remained in that section
until he completed his academical studies, and proposed to
enter college, but circumstances prevented, and he com-

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597

BIOGRAPHICAL

menced the study of law with Hon. John A. I >ix and Abner
Cook, Jr., at Cooper-down. Having diligently pursued his
studies, he was admitted to practise in the Supreme Court
of the State. Deciding to go farther West, he removed to
Toledo, Ohio, in the autumn of 1835, where he immediately
commenced the practice of law, and soon rose to distinction,
earning a high reputation as a forensic orator and for sound
legal attainments. In 1839 he was elected to the office of
Presiding Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of Ohio, at
that time embracing ten counties in the northwestern portion
of the State. In the discharge of his official duties he was
for five years compelled to travel on horseback, through al-
most a wilderness, swimming creeks when the waters were
high, and encountering many perils and privations which
now would not he dreamed of. In the faithful discharge
of his official duties he so won upon the regard of the people
of his district that he was nominated in the fall of 1S43 and
elected to Congress by a handsome majority, although the
district had been previously strongly Whig. While a mem-
ber of Congress he took a prominent part in many of the
discussions, and was placed upon the Select Committee to
report upon the best mode of carrying out the Smithson will,
acting with John Quincy Adams in recommending those
measures which resulted in founding the Smithsonian Insti-
tute. In 1S47 he was, without solicitation, elected to a seat
in the Ohio House of Representatives, where, by common
consent, he was recognized as the champion of the Demo-
cratic side of that body. In August, 184S, he was a second
time nominated for Congress, and elected. On taking his
seat in the National House of Representatives, he received
during the memorable contest for Speaker of the Thirty-first
Congress seventy-eight votes, at different times during the
sixty-two ballots that occurred. In forming the committees,
lie was honored with the Chairmanship of the Committee
on Post-Offices and l’ost-Roads, and was the author of the bill
providing in 1851 for cheap postage and the coinage of
three cent pieces. Upon the close of his term in Congress,
in that year, he returned to the practice of the law in Toledo.
In 1857 he was appointed by President Buchanan Judge of
the federal Court in Utah, but declined the honor on ac-
count of business requiring his attention in Ohio, lie con-
tinued in his professional duties until 1873, w hen he was
elected to a seat in the Ohio Senate, which position he filled
until 1875- While a member of that body, lie was largely
instrumental in having a bill passed by the General Assembly
which appropriated the sum of £>10,000 for the propagation
of fishes in Ohio, and he is now Superintendent of fish-
hatching in the Stale, giving Ins personal attention and
supervision to a hatchery w hich is now (1876) in successful
operation in Toledo, as well as at other points on the lake,
lie was first married in 1843 to Mary A. Card, of Wil-
loughby, Ohio, who died in March, 1847, leaving one son,
Emery D. Potter, Jr., a lawyer, now residing in Toledo,
lie was a second time married, to Anna liillilliken, of
Pennsylvania, w ho has had one daughter, now living.

ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

<2^)(Dt1

/ 'VKAYTON, ROBERT, Machinist, was horn, July
/ 27th, 1S02, in Cranlon, near Providence, Rhode

Island, of American parentage. 11 is father was
devoted to agricultural pursuits, and he assisted
him in the cultivation of the farm, chopping
wood, etc., until he was twenty years old. 1 1 is
education was obtained during the winter months in the dis-
trict school. In 1822 he began to work in a machine-shop
in Providence, where he remained for two years learning
that trade; and was afterwards employed as a journeyman
in the same establishment, and engaged in the fabrication
of cotton and woollen machinery. Having determined to
go to the West, lie removed to Ohio in 1835 and located at
first in Cleveland, w here he obtained a position as foreman
in the Cuyahoga Iron Works, shortly after his arrival there,
and where he continued between sixteen and seventeen
years. In 1852 he w'as appointed Government Inspector of
Steam-Boilers for the port of Buffalo, New York, when the
law was first passed, and was there about five years. Dur-
ing this period he invented and became the patentee of hot-
pressed nuts, and disposed of his patent-right in England
for a large sum of money. He went next to Salem, Ohio,
where he passed some four years engaged in a business en-
terprise. In 1865, soon after the close of the war, he was
offered an interest in the engine works of D. June & Co.,
at Fremont, Ohio, the senior partner of which firm had
worked with him many years previously in Cleveland; lie
accepted the proposition, and has ever since been a member
of the company, lie has been constantly engaged in build-
ing machinery of every description for over fifty years, and
is probably the oldest machinist living. He excels as an
engine-builder. lie has had, during his long and active
life, many narrow escapes fro*n death by machinery, but was
never once injured. He has always enjoyed the best of
health, and has never experienced an hour’s illness, lie is
a man of powerful frame, and is still in vigorous health;
being possessed of a constitution well preserved by exem-
plary habits, and though venerable in appearance, he is to
be found daily at work in the shops of the company of which
lie is a partner. Cast-steel was an unknown article when
lie first began to work at the trade. He was married, April
20th, 1S49, at Buffalo, to Lucy Harris, and has one son
only. Frank Brayton, who works in the same machine-shop.

ODGE, FREDERICK BLAKE, Lawyer and In-
surance Agent, was born, March 19th, 1S38, at
Lyme, New Hampshire, and is of English descent.
He was prepared for college at Kimball’s Union
Academy, at Meriden, New' Hampshire, and
graduated at Dartmouth College, in the same
State, in the class of 1S60. He removed to Ohio shortly
afterwards and settled in Toledo, where he taught school for
Uvo years, and then became a clerk in the office of the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Adjutant-General of Ohio, at Columbus, where he was em-
ployed about a year. Returning to Toledo, he commenced
the study of law, which he pursued for three years in that
iity and also in Greenfield and Boston, Massachusetts, lie
was admitted to the bar, but has never practised his pro-
fession. lie has been engaged in the insurance business
since 1868, being a member of the firm of Brown & Dodge,
prominent insurance agents of Toledo. lie is also Secre-
tary of the Toledo Fire & Marine Insurance Company, one
of the oldest corporations in the State, having done business
uninterruptedly since 1848; and, although the risks taken
have not been as heavy as those assumed by other similar
companies, yet they have proved very advantageous and
profitable, lie is a Republican in political opinion, and
has served as an Alderman of the city of Toledo. He was
married, October 13th, 1864, to Caroline Elizabeth Perkins,
of Newburyport, Massachusetts, and has a family of four
children.

ft)

)EBER, GUSTAV C. E., Professor of Surgery, was
born in Bonn, Prussia, May 2Gth, 1828. He
came of a good family. His father, M. I. Weber,
has been Professor of Anatomy in the University
of Bonn, Prussia, since its foundation, in 1818:
author of “Anatomical Atlas,” which has been
translated into every printed language, “ The Hand-book
of Anatomy of the Human Body,” “The Pelves and Crania
of the Different Races,” “Atlas of the Bones of Domestic
Animals” and many other valuable works and writings,
and who was decorated by several of the crowned heads
of Europe for his distinguished services in the cause of
science. Gustav’s education was chiefly obtained at Bonn
University, but before matriculating, the revolutionary move-
ment of 1848 caused him to emigrate to America, where he
could enjoy those republican principles he so much loves.

the field, and the troops were greatly benefited by his
labors. In the autumn of that year his wife’s health and
the pressure of his professional duties compelled him to
resign. Governor Todd addressed to him the following
reply:

State of Ohio, Executive Department, Coi.ummis,

October 13, 1862.

Dr. Gustav C. E. Werer, Surgeon-General, Present:

Your note of last evening, tendering your resignation, is
before me. My knowledge of the extremely critical con-
dition of Mrs. Weber’s health has led me to expect the step
you have taken, but notwithstanding this I felt greatly em-
barrassed by it. Upon assuming the responsible duties of
j Commander-in-Chief of the Ohio forces, it became my first
duty to look to i; that the brave and gallant soldiers of Ohio
should be well provided with an able, kind and efficient
corps of surgeons and physicians. To superintend this
great and good work, from a knowledge derived upon my
own sick-bed and also that of my family as to your fitness
for the position, I selected yourself. Great as my expecta-
tion was of your various qualifications, you have, in the
discharge of the duties of the position, far more than met
my expectations. Hoping that this letter may meet the
eyes of your parents, your children and their children, it is
due to you to state that, in the skill, energy, system,
economy, integrity, firmness and kindness of heart in the
discharge of your official duties, you have won for yourself
the gratitude and esteem of all good men. To part with
such an officer is indeed a painful trial, but I am not in-
sensible to the duties of a kind husband, of an affectionate
wife and father of an infant child, and therefore I am con-
strained, with great regret, to accept your resignation. The
telegrams of this morning, however, inform us that upon
the battle-field of Perryville, Kentucky, Ohio’s gallant
soldiers need your services, and, believing that you will
cheerfully, at every hazard, repair to their relief, 1 have to
request that you leave by the first train for the scene of
action. This duty discharged, I will appoint your suc-
cessor. With my kindest Regards to Mrs. Weber, and
ardent wishes for her speedy restoration to health,

I am truly yours, David Tod, Governor.

lie obeyed these instructions, returned to Columbus, closed

He came to the United States in 1849 and began to work

his official relations with the State and resumed his duties

at agriculture near St. Louis; he soon, however, abandoned
that business and returned to Europe, and completed his
studies at Vienna, Amsterdam and Paris. In 1853 he came
again to this country and settled in New York, where his
brother Edward was engaged in the practice of medicine.
1 1 is brother died that year, and he assumed his practice
with success. The demands upon him were so great that
his health failed , and in 1856 he was obliged to relinquish
his practice. That year he accepted the chair of Surgery
in the Cleveland Medical College, made vacant by the
resignation of Dr. Horace A. Ackley, and retained that
position seven years. In the autumn of 1861 one of the
first acts of Governor Tod was to appoint him Surgeon-
General of the Ohio. forces, with special mission to organize
a system for better medical care of the troops in the field.
After making arrangements for the better condition of the
camps and hospitals in the State, he obtained from the
Secretary of War permission to visit the Ohio soldiers in

in the college. While holding the office of Surgeon-Gen-
eral he reduced the cost of transporting wounded soldiers
from four cents per man to half a cent, and this while in-
creasing their comfort. In the spring of 1863 he closed his
connection with the Cleveland Medical College, and in
1S64 organized the Charily Hospital Medical College, of
which he was made Professor of Clinical Surgery and also
Dean of the Faculty, lie was also appointed Consulting
Surgeon of Charity Hospital, a noble institution, which
owed its existence mainly to his suggestions and efforts.
From first to last his services to the hospital were gratu-
itously rendered. It was finally merged into the medical
department of the University of Wooster, he being chosen
to fill the same positions occupied during its independent
existence. He made one of the greatest discoveries in
modern surgical science by the invention of a new method
for closing arteries of large size in surgical operations with-
out a ligature. This consists in reflecting the wall of the

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

599

artery, or folding il back upon itself (like turning back the
cufl of a coat), which doubles the thickness of the arterial
wall at the end of the divided artery, and enables the artery
to close itself by its own contraction. Lest the wall turn
back again, a veiy delicate silver pin, one eighth of an
inch in length, is passed through the walls of the artery at
the point of reflection. This important discovery has been
frequently tested, never failed, and promises to eventually
revolutionize the existing system of clpxing arteries with
ligatures. It prevents the introduction of foreign substances
into the wound, and thereby effectually precludes the pos-
sibility of decomposition. To him the profession are in-
debted for the method of removing stone from the bladder
in females by the division of the urethra as far as the
sphincter and then its extraction through the dilated sphinc-
ter. Many of his other remarkable inventions in surgery
might be mentioned. In 1S59 he established the Cleveland
Medical Gazette , which he conducted with ability during
several years. As a lecturer he is logical; and as a surgeon
he ranks among the foremost of this country, Ins operations
having acquired a national and European reputation, lie
was married in 1854 to Ruth Elizabeth Cheney, of New
York city, and has two children, Carl and Ida. lie has a
fine presence, genial qualities, and his benevolent public
spirit makes him universally beloved.

OSES, IIALSEY II., Lawyer, was born in Ashta-
bula county, July iGlh, 1S30. His parents were
Jonathan and Abigail (Plumley) Moses. They
were among the early settlers of the Western
Reserve, having arrived in Ashtabula county in
the spring of 1S14 from Litchfield county, Con-
necticut. It illustrates the recent condition of a country,
now among the finest and wealthiest in the whole civilized
world, to reflect that this family moved thither to an almost
unbroken wilderness only sixty years ago, their whole ef-
fects drawn by a single team of oxen. The parents of Mr.
Moses settled on a farm of two hundred acres, and he
received the advantages of such schools as the country
alfordcd till the age of fourteen, when, his father dying, his
future maintenance devolved upon himself. He finished
his education at the Austinburg Institute, Ashtabula county,
but never completed a regular course, and after the age of
eighteen never attended school. For a time he engaged in
carpenter’s work, but having a strong ambition for a profes-
sional career, at the age of nineteen he began the study of
law with A. L. Linker, of Painesville, Ohio. On reaching
his majority he was admitted to the bar, and at once began
practice in Ashtabula county, where he remained till Janu-
ary, 1862, when he removed to Warren, Trumbull county,
and associated himself professionally with General Rutliff.
He has long held a position among the ablest lawyers at the
bar, and enjoys an extensive practice. He has an office at

Youngstown, Mahoning county, where he also has a large
professional patronage. He married Mary J. Murdock,
of Trumbull county, with whom he has three children,
two sons and a daughter.

^/Scarborough, william w.. President of

the Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Company, was
born in Hartford, Connecticut, on February 20th,
1 S 1 4. His father was a heavy shipping merchant
who was financially ruined by the burning of his
vessels by the British, in Long Island sound, in
the war then pending, and died while his son was an
infant. 1 1 is mother was a sister of President Woolsey, of
Yale College. She again married, becoming by the second
marriage the mother of lion. George E. Iloadley, for many
years the law partner of lion. Salmon P. Chase. William
received his business education in the famous shipping
house of Goodhue & Co., New York, and when of age the
firm sent him as supercargo of one of their East India
trading vessels. From 1838 until 1843 he resided at
Mazallan, on the west coast of Mexico, heavily engaged in
commerce, acting there as the agent of the great house of
Howland & Aspinwall, New York. During these years he
made six overland trips on horseback across the continent
from Vera Cruz to the Pacific. From 1843 to 1846 he was
a banker at Zanesville, Ohio, where he married Sarah Van
Buren; of their children one is the wife of Rev. Hugh
Smythe, D. 1)., of Cincinnati. From 1S46 to the present
time Mr. Scarborough has been in business in Cincinnati,
first as a member of the house of Springer & Whiteman,
then as President of the Ohio Valley Bank during the en-
tire period of its existence, and now he is President of the
Cincinnati Gas I.ight & Coke Company. In February,
1875, he was appointed one of the Trustees of the Cincin-
nati Southern Railroad, a position of no emoluments, but
of great responsibilities.

/fl URNS, BARNABAS, was born in Fayette county,
©ill Pennsylvania, June 29th, 1817. His parents
-III were Andrew and Sarah (Caldwell) Burns, both
natives of Ireland. His education was received

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'n Ohio, where the family had removed in 1820;
he was Clerk of the court from 1840 to 1846,
and in the latter year entered the law office of T. W. Bart-
ley and S. J. Kirkwood, prominent practitioners of Mans-
field and both men of ability, S. J. Kirkwood now being
Governor of Iowa, and recently elected to the United States
Senate. In 1848 Mr. Burns was admitted to the bar. He
had always taken a lively interest in politics, and became
as it were a party leader in his section, acting with the
Democratic organization. In 1847 he was chosen to repic-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

600

sent the counties of Richland and Crawford in the Senate
of the State of Ohio, and in 1849 lie was re-elected to the
same ollice for another term. During his membership in
this body he served on the following committees: f inance,
Privileges and Elections, and as Chairman of Committees
on Benevolent Institutions. After the expiration of his
senatorial career he became associated in the practice of
law with his preceptor, S. J. Kirkwood, and continued his
connection with him for four years, until, in fact, Mr. Kirk-
wood removed to Iowa. lie was Senatorial Elector on the
Democratic ticket in 1S52. In the spring of 1862 he
entered the army as Colonel of the S6th Ohio Infantry, and
remained in active service during one campaign, when he
was mustered out, at the expiration of his term of service,
and returned to the practice of law at Mansfield, where he
has since been actively employed. In the spring of 1873
he was chosen, without opposition, to represent Richland
county in the Constitutional Convention of Ohio. He was
the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio
in 1873, and in a vote of about 430,000 was only defeated
by about 500 votes. He served as one of the Trustees of
the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home from 1869
to 1S74. He was appointed, by the Governor of Ohio,
Centennial Commissioner from that State. As a lawyer he
stands with the leaders of the profession in the State. Al-
though of late years he has nearly eschewed politics, lie is
a person of large influence in the handling of political
bodies, and as a political speaker is very effective, lie was
married on September lGlli, 1S41 to Urath Gore, of Mary-
land.

I

G^^RAIG, JAMES YY., M. D., was born, January
17th, 1824, in llelmont county, Ohio, and is a
son of Samuel C. and Jane (Woods) Craig.
The paternal branch of the family came from
the north of Scotland, and were among the
pioneer settlers of Massachusetts, having emi-
grated to America anterior to the revolutionary war. His
mother was a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania,
llis preliminary education was obtained at the public
schools in his native county, and he subsequently attended
a private school, where he enjoyed the advantages of a
classical course. Having selected the medical profession
as his future sphere of action, he matriculated at the West-
ern Reserve College, located at Cleveland, in 1849, and,
after the regular prescribed course of study therein, gradu-
ated, ami was licensed to practise in the spring of 1S51.
lie settled originally at Ontario, Richland county, where he
entered upon his professional career, and for a period of
twenty years practised successfully and extensively in that
town and in the surrounding country. Having devoted
himself entirely to his professional duties, he soon acquired
the reputation of a careful and skilful practitioner, and
enjoyed the confidence of the community. In 1870, being

desirous of still further extending his already large practice,
he removed to Manslield, where he at once took rank
among the leaders ol his prolession in that city. During
the late civil war be passed an examination before the
United Stales Medical Board of Examiners, and was ap-
pointed Surgeon for Camp Manslield, which was a rendez-
vous for troops that were being organized for field service,
lie performed the duties of this jiDsition with credit to him-
self and also to the entire satisfaction of the government.
Though he is engaged in a general medical practice, he is
particularly favorable to surgery, and has performed many
and various surgical operations, among Which may be men-
tioned an uncommon case, that for rccto-vesico vaginal
fistula. 11c was married, January 24th, 1S54, to Eliza
McConnell, of Pennsylvania.

«YERS, IION. SAMUEL, Farmer, was born, June
nth, 1776, in Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania,
where he received a good education. He be-
came subsequently a teacher in Virginia. In
Z 1S07 he removed to Fayette county, Ohio, which
was then literally a wilderness and populated by
Indians, who outnumbered the whites two to one. He be-
gan farming, and in the course of time became the owner
of about two thousand acres of land ; lie also taught school
for one term. In 1S12 he was elected a member of the
lower House in the General Assembly, and served during
his term; the c: p'tal was then at Chillicothe. During the
following year lie was a captain in the militia, and while in
service .in the war with Great ^Iritain was promoted to the
rank of Major. After the close of hostilities he was ad-
vanced to the grade of Colonel. He was again elected, in
1 S 1 S, a member of the House of Representatives in the
State Legislature, which now met at Columbus, whither the
capital had been removed, lie was-a Justice of the Peace
for thirty years. 'While a teacher in Virginia he was mar-
ried to Elizabeth Smith. He died in 1840, leaving seven
children, one of whom is lion. J. I.. Myers, a representa-
tive in the Sixty-first General Assembly of Ohio.

J^jfpOODWIN, HOMER, Lawyer, was born in Burton,
6; 1 1 tv Geauga county, Ohio, October 15th, 1819. He
Ci 1/ » received his education at the Western Reserve
■yjj College, at Hudson, Ohio, and graduated from
e-^'-.if tliat institution in the class of 1844. After leav-
ing college ho removed to Sandusky, where he
became a teacher in the High School, and was so occupied
for a year. In the autumn of 1845 he returned to Burton
and commenced the study of law under the supervision
of Judge Hitchcock. After pursuing the required course

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

601

of readings, lie was admitted to the bar in January, 1 847 ;
and in the following month of June removed to Sandusky,
where he lias ever since resided, and has established an ex-
tensive and lucrative practice ; in fact, having the largest
line of patronage accorded to any member of the bar in
Eric county, and is to-day the leading lawyer in Sandusky,
lie was originally a Whig in political sentiments, anti then
acted with the Kree-Soil party ; at present lie is affiliated
with the Republicans. lie was married, October 29th,
1S49, to Maryelt Cowles, of Cleveland, Ohio.

a\5

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J [.OSS, GEORGE MANOR DAVIS, Editor and
Politician, was born, May 2d, 1827, in Derby,
Orleans county, Vermont. His father was a
custom house officer in that State, and was in
the government employ during the war of 1S12.
1 1 is grandfather Bloss was born about the mid-
dle of the eighteenth century, in New Hampshire, and was
a soldier in the Revolution. 1 1 is mother was a Davis, and
from her he has the name, Manor Davis. 1 1 is family, 011
both sides, run back among the earliest New England
settlers. In 1830 his father, with his family, removed to
Watertown, Jefferson county, New York; remained there
until 1838, and afterwards removed to Oswego City. George
attended school at the academy at Belleville, Jefferson
county, New York, where one of his instructors was Hiram
II. Barney, father of R. D. Barney, of Robert Clarke & Co.,
of Cincinnati. Mr. Barney was years afterwards Principal
of Hughes’ High School, of Cincinnati, and at one time
Ohio State School Commissioner. In the winter of 1846,
having completed a fair academical education, Mr. Bloss
began the study of law in the office of Grant & Allen, in
the city of New York. Allen is now one of the judges of
New York Court of Appeals. In 1850 Mr. Bloss was ex-
amined before the Supreme Court at Syracuse, and admitted
to practise. At once he opened an office in the building
occupied by the Palladium, Democratic daily paper.
Always a strong Democrat, and taking a deep interest in
politics, he wrote many articles for the Palladium, fre-
quently editing it in the absence of its editor. In 1S52 he
removed to Cincinnati, with the intention of practising his
profession, but in order to make friends and at once put
himself on good terms with the people, he brought letters
of introduction to Messrs. Karan & Robinson, then pro-
prietors of the Cincinnati Enquirer. This at once brought
about an engagement to write for that paper. And this en-
gagement, designed to be temporary, so agreed with his
natural inclinations, that it has ever since remained un-
broken. He is now the oldest political editor connected
with the Western press, being a few months the senior of
Mr. Halstead. In 1S54 he was married to I.izzie McCor-
mick, granddaughter of General McCormick, who was the
first person that administered the ordinances of the Metho-
76

dist Church north of the Ohio river. He has four children,
and resides at Branch Hill, twenty miles from Cincinnati,
on the Little Miami Railroad. In Columbus, January Sill,
1868, at the Democratic Stale Convention, the platform
which nominated Mr. 1’cndlelon for [’resident of the United
States was mainly written by Mr. Bloss, and afterwards, at
the solicitation of the friends of Mr. Pendleton, he wrote
that statesman’s campaign biography. In 1872 he was a
member of the Committee on Resolutions at the Democratic
State Convention in Cleveland, which instructed the dele-
gates to the Baltimore Convention to vote for Greeley and
Brown, the Liberal Republican candidates. He was made
chairman of the committee, and reported the platform to
the convention. In 1874 his friends brought his name
before the convention at Morrow, as Democratic candidate
for Congress in the Third Congressional District. The
nomination was not made until the fifty-seventh ballot, lie
was one of the highest candidates and came within a few
votes of securing the nomination. Saving this instance, he
has never been a candidate for public office. Robert Clarke
& Co., of Cincinnati, in 1875 issued a valuable collection of
Mr. Bloss’s literary productions, entitled “ Historic and
Literary Miscellany.” This work is composed of what he
deems his best and most unobjectionable articles, which
have, from time to time, appeared in the Cincinnati En-
quirer, since his connection with it began, twenty-five years
ago. He is a fine biographer, a fluent and forcible writer,
and never has had an equal as a political writer in the
editorial department of the Enquirer. In fact, he has long
been the political ballast, so to speak, of that paper. No
man connected with the press ol the State has done more
for his party or manufactured more of its shot and shell.
Born in New England, and rained under Puritan influences,
transplanted to the West, he has become one of the extreme
types of Democratic latitudinarianism. lie has a remark-
able memory, and as a political historian of both Europe
and America, he has few or no equals in the country. lie
is a man of deep social attachments, and has personally
many earnest friends, and no enemies.

'LENDKNIN, WILLIAM, M. D., was born in
Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, October 1st,
1S29. 1 1 is parents were of Scotch origin, and

his father was a farmer. He was very early left
in the care of his mother, by the death of his
father. To her character and example he attrib-
utes any success or usefulness of his life. At the age of
fifteen he was put in the drug store of Dr. John Gammil.at
New Castle, Pennsylvania. In the doctor’s family he lived,
and with him studied. After four years in the store he
became a regular medical student under the doctor. In
1849 he attended his first course of lectures in the Ohio
Medical College, and in the spring of 1851, at the end of

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

his second course of lectures, lie graduated. After receiv-
in'' his (li|ihmi;i, lie spent two or three years in teaching in
Indiana. In i S5 j he returned to Cincinnati, where lie
commenced the practice of his profession in connection with
Dr. R. D. Mussey, and after his death, with his son, Dr.
William Mussey. This connection lasted five years. In
1856 Dr. Clendenin was appointed Demonstrator of Anat-
omy in the Miami Medical College. This position he held
one year. When, in 1S57, the Miami and' Ohio Colleges
were consolidated, lie still held his position, until in the
spring of 1S59 he resigned in order to make a trip to
Europe, for the purpose of furthering his medical knowl-
edge. Thi-> he did in a most thorough manner, by taking
private lessons in anatomy and surgery, and by attending
the lectures of Velpeau, Trousseau, Malgaigne, and other
eminent men of the Royal Medical College of Paris,
having previously studied the Erencli language with this
view, lie also attended the lectures of Sir Thomas Watson,
Erasmus Wilson, Sir William Furgeson, and others of
the Royal College of Surgeons, of London. After spending
eighteen months in this way, he returned to Cincinnati ;
immediately went to Washington, was examined by the
Medical Board, and appointed Surgeon in the army. At
Camp Dennison, Ohio, under General Mitchell, he had his
first army experience; afterwards he was sent to West Vir-
ginia, under General Rosecrans, and there served in Gen-
eral Fremont’s and Sigel’s commands. After the second
battle of Bull Run, in which lie participated, he took charge
of Emery General Hospital, in Washington. Later he
served under General Rosecrans at Murfreesboro’, Tennes-
see. lie became Medical Director of the 14th Army Corps
under General Thomas, and after the battle of Chicka-
mauga, Assistant Medical Director of the Department of
the Cumberland, with charge of all the hospitals and trans-
fer of sick. Subsequently he was appointed Medical In-
spector of Hospitals, and held the position till July, 1S65.
At this time he was called to Washington, and received
from Mr. Johnson the appointment of Consul to St. Peters-
burg. But having just been chosen Professor of Surgery
and Surgical Anatomy in the Ohio Medical College, and
other private matters interfering, he was compelled to
decline. Having finally returned to Cincinnati in 1865, he
was appointed Health Officer, a new office created by the
city government in anticipation of the advent of cholera.
He was, consequently, Cincinnati’s first health officer.
After taking charge of the sanitary affairs of the city, as
Officer to the Board of Health, lie communicated with
Eastern cities in reference to theic health regulations.
Afterwards he drafted a sanitary bill and presented it to the
Legislature. This bill, with features peculiarly adapted to
Cincinnati, was finally passed in March, 1867. The winter
before the Legislature refused to pass the bill ; but one year
of cholera materially changed their views, and it was ulti-
mately made a law without opposition. This did away
with the Council Ordinance, and made a permanent health

organization lor the city, and the basis of all the present
sanitary regulations of the State. To Dr. Clendenin is
therefore due the credit of the present sanitary system ol
Cincinnati, lie is, too, the author of the health laws ol
the State, now in force by act of the Legislature. He was
one of the originators of the American Health Association.
After the war he was appointed one of the Cincinnati Hos-
pital Surgeons. This position he held three years, then re-
signed for want of time to attend to such duties, lie still
occupies the chair in the Miami College, to which lie was
elected in 1865. He is a member of the Academy of
Medicine, Cincinnati Medical Society, State Medical
Society, American Medical Association, American Health
Association, and Society of Natural History. Dr. Clen-
denin is a Christian, lie has devoted his spare moments,
somewhat, to literary pursuits ; has written sonic poetry and
contributed largely to various magazines, lie is a success-
ful and attractive medical lecturer, and, in short, a man who
will leave society better by his living. On January 1st,
1866, he was married to Sabra Birchard, of Cambridge,
Pennsylvania.

•> e)

WVjlcKENNV’ HON. JOHN C., Attorney-at-Law,
0,’JL . ' Dayton, Ohio, and ex-Judge of the Probate and
^c|[ 1 Common Pleas Courts, was born in Rockbridge

^ county, Virginia, May 5th, 1835. 1 1 is par-

£ ents were William and Elizabeth (Kirkpatrick)
McKenny. lie is, as the etymology of the name
would indicate, of mixed Irish and Scotch descent, though
both families have resided in Virginia for several genera-
tions. The parents of Judge McKenny followed the occu-
pation of farming, and he enjoyed some meagre advantages
of schooling at a private institution in his native county,
but leaving home at the age of twenty to seek his own for-
tune, he made his way to Darke county, Ohio, and there
procured for himself a substantial education in the public
schools of his adopted State. In 1857 he began the study
of law, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1861. He
at once began practice at Greenville, and having previously
become well known to the people during the political cam-
paigns, he soon acquired a large professional business. In
1866, in connection with George D. Kinder, he purchased
and edited the Darke County Deniocrni, till 1868. The
same year he was also elected Probate Judge for Darke
county, and served till May, 1868, w hen he resigned to take
his seat upon the Common Pleas bench, to which he hail
been elected. This position he occupied till October, 1872,
when he resigned, and, removing to Dayton, associated
himself with G. V. Nauerth in the practice of his profession.
To say that Judge McKenny is a self-made man is only to
repeat a trite expression, which is very indiscriminately
lavished on enterprising Americans, but with him it is more
of a stern reality than a complimentary figure of speech.
Arriving in Darke county with only two dollars and a half

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

603

in his pocket, lie supported himself By manual labor while
getting his education and studying law, and has achieved
his very honorable position at the bar of Ohio under no
more fortuitous circumstances than the possession of native
intelligence and energy of character. He has always taken
a lively interest in politics, and even before he was admitted
to the bar had acquired a reputation as a stump speaker.
He has repeatedly been Chairman of the Darke and Mont-
gomery County Democratic Committees. . In 1S61 I10 mar-
ried Mary Ann Wylie, of Darke county.

rfOIINSON, WILLIAM PARKER, M. D., Director
of the Philadelphia Branch of the National Surgi-
cal Institute, was born in Athens county, Ohio, on
September 21st, 1824. liis parents were John
and Sallie (Wyatt) Johnson, both natives of Penn-
sylvania; the former settled in Ohio in 1S02.
William Parker attended the common schools of Athens
county, and in 1837 entered the Ohio University, from
which he graduated in 1843. On leaving college he took
up the study of medicine with Dr. William lilackstone, a
native of Virginia, and a resident of Athens county. With
him he read the text books and learned something of the
practice of his chosen profession. Having thus qualified
himself, he entered the medical department of the Univer-
sity of Louisville, from which he graduated in the spring
of 1847. Immediately after graduation, having married
Julia M. lilackstone, his preceptor’s daughter, he began the
practice of medicine, settling in Nelsonville, in his native
county. There he remained for three years, enjoying the
confidence and esteem of a growing connection. He then
removed to Athens, and became associated in practice with
liis preceptor and father-in-law, and that continued to be
his home until 1869. When the war broke out in 1861,
desirous of doing all in his power to sustain the cause of
liberty and the Union, he entered the army as Surgeon,
attached to the 18th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
and served until mustered out, a period of over three years,
lie was attached to the Army of the Cumberland, and was
present at all the battles fought by that command, manifest-
ing at all times and under the most trying circumstances
bravery, coolness, and great surgical ability. Before leav-
ing the army, in the fall of 1863, he was elected a member
of the Ohio Legislature, as representative from Athens
county. His election occurred while he was at Chatta-
nooga, both the nomination and election happening without
his knowledge. During the first session of his term he
served by leave of absence from the army. So well pleased
were his constituents with his efforts on their behalf and for
the general good of the Commonwealth, that at the expira-
tion of his term he was re-elected, and again returned when
the second term was concluded, the nomination on each
occasion being unopposed save by himself. I le thus served

for a period of six years. During this time he look a promi-
nent part in legislation and was especially identified, as
Chairman of the Committee on Benevolent Institutions,
with several important measures. Thus, he was the author
of the bill for building the Lunatic Asylum at Athens, and
also those for enlarging the Northern and Southern Asylums.
He was very active in promoting the success of the measure
for establishing the Idiotic Asylum at Columbus, and it is
conceded by the trustees that its passage is due to him. At
the close of his term in 1S69, Dr. Johnson moved to
Indianapolis, and resumed the practice of his profession,
entering into partnership with Dr. II. R. Allen, in the
direction of-the National Surgical Institute. This institu-
tion was originally founded in 1858, for the treatment of all
diseases requiring the surgeon’s care, but especially of de-
formities, great attention being devoted to the treatment of
paralysis. So admirable and successful has been its man-
agement, that the directors have been encouraged to open
branches in various cities. In February, 1864, the Atlanta
establishment was opened; in the November following, that
in San Francisco, and in February, 1876, that in Philadel-
phia. Of the last Dr. Johnson has especial charge. The
building devoted to the purposes of the institute in Phila-
delphia is situate at the northeast corner of Broad and
Arch streets, having a fine frontage to each thoroughfare,
'fhe first lloor is occupied for reception rooms, consultation
offices, and the secretary’s office. On the second are the
treatment ami bathing-rooms. One of the former is one
hundred feet long by twenty wide, and contains upwards
of fifty mechanical contrivances of the most ingenious and
efficient character, for the treatment of paralysis and de-
formities. 'flic bathing-rooms are admirably arranged, in-
cluding a Turkish or hot-aft bath, so devised as to save
feeble patients from inhaling the hot air while extending all
its benefits to their bodies. The special- feature of the in-
stitute is that the surgeons possess a practical knowledge of
mechanics so far as they relate to surgery; that they design
the necessary apparatus in each case and apply it, saving
the patient all risk at the hands of mechanics who are
merely mechanics, as most surgical appliance manufacturers
are. All the surgical appliances used in the institute are
made therein; most are peculiar to it and upon these patents
are held. An idea of the experience gained by Drs. Allen
and Johnson may be inferred from the fact that in the four
establishments an average of over four thousand cases are
treated annually; at present writing (April, 1S76) more
than that number are under treatment. And this notwith-
standing the fair and honorable policy pursued of at once
informing all applicants for relief whether anything can be
done for them or not. A patient is not received unless
there is a good prospect that an improvement can be wrought.
Dr. Johnson is assisted in the Philadelphia branch by two
experienced surgeons, Drs. Miller and McLean. Politi-
cally Dr. Johnson was originally a Whig, but as that
organization gave place to the Republican, lie naturally

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604

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

found himself in the ranks of the new party, of which
he lias continued to be a consistent adherent. 1 1 is first
presidential vote was cast for Zachary Taylor. Apart from
his legislative career he has not moved in public allaii ■ , pre-
ferring to devote himself to a profession in which mankind
may be so largely bencliled. In 1864 he was appointed
Tiustee of the Ohio University, a position he still holds, but
this is the only office he has occupied, lie is a member of
the Presbyterian Church. His wife died four years ago,
leaving him two children.

%

* .vf^lRMlN, LORENZO, M. D., Physician, was born,

' jJ March 31st, 1S0S, in South Wilbraham, Massa-
I > chusetts, and is the son of John Eirmin. 1 1 is
-) parents were both natives of Massachusetts, and
-> lived and died in W ilbraham. Lorenzo resided
with his parents on the farm until he was twenty
years of age. lie received only a common school educa-
tion. Soon after he was twenty he went to Springfield, and
commenced work at the shoemaker’s trade. lie remained
there about a year, and proceeded thence to Munson, where
he sojourned three years, and then removed to Ellington,
Connecticut, where he engaged in the boot and shoe busi-
ness, with Stephen Martin. After leaving this last-named
place he passed some time at home, lie next proceeded
to Hartford, and worked at his trade for a year, and then
travelled into New York Stale, slopping at Utica, Rochester
and Whiteshorough, being employed at journey-work while
at each place. After an absence of over two years from
home, he returned on a visit to Massachusetts. In the au-
tumn of 1S34 he went to Ohio, and stopped at Richfield, in
Summit county, where he made the acquaintance ot Ur.
Secretary Rawson, who aided him in starting a tannery at
that town, which he successfully followed for the succeeding
seven years, and during that period acquired considerable
property, including a farm. In tSql he resolved to relin-
quish the tanning business, and dispose of his interests in
the tannery, which he did, and removed to Eindley, Ohio,
where he immediately commenced the study of medicine
with Dr. Hass Rawson, his wife’s uncle (and whose bio-
graphical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume), con-
tinuing with him some three years. In 1844 he attended a
course of lectures in the Cleveland Medical College, lie
first commenced the practice of his profession in Ilenton,
Hancock county, where he remained about one year. In
1847 he removed to Findley, and settled there perma-
nently as a practising physician. During the first season
after his location in that town, he entered upon a very active
practice, as it was unusually sickly in the county during that
year; and he has ever since been engaged in an extensive
line of professional duty. He has been very successful in
his career, and has acquired a fine property. Ife occupies
a handsome residence, which he erected in 1S60. He has

taken but very few vacations; he, however, revisited his old
home in Massachusetts in 1S54. lie, with his excellent
wife, are very highly esteemed in Eindley. He was married
in 185710 Clara 11 ., daughter of Di. Secretary Rawson,
formerly of Richiield, Ohio, but now of Des Moines, Iowa,
where he yet resides, at the advanced age of eighty years,
lie is the sixth generation in direct descent from Edward
Rawson, Secretary of Massachusetts colony, front 1650 to
1 686.

M’LES, ROBERT COLE, M. I)., Physician, was
born, July 31st, 1815, in New Philadelphia, 'Tus-
carawas county, Ohio, and is a son of Robert
Francis Caples, an early settler of Ohio, and one
of the Associate Justices of Tuscarawas county,
lie was in the war of 1812, holding a Captain’s
commission, and was afterwards a merchant, for some years,
in Jeromeville, Wayne county, Ohio, and finally removed to
Seneca county, where he laid out the town of Risdon, and
died in 1S34. Dr. Caples was one of nine children, and
lived at home at Jeromeville until lie was twenty years
old. lie had meanwhile received a common school educa-
tion, and had also passed between two and three years in a
store in Ashland, Ohio. In 1S35 he left the last named
place and went to Tiffin, where he obtained a position in the
store of R. W. Shawhan, a leading merchant there (and
whose biographical sketch will be found elsewhere in this
volume), lie continued in that store about two years, when
he took a stock of goods to the town of Risdon, and opened
a store there in connection w ith his employer. This store
was carried on by him for two years, when they disposed of
it in 1S39. He then concluded to study medicine, and
commenced his readings under the supervision of Dr. Dana,
of Risdon, where he continued until he' entered a medical
college in New York, where he pursued his studies, and
graduated in 1843. On his return to Ohio, he immediately
commenced the practice of his profession in Risdon, which
afterwards, 1S52, became united w ith the village of Rome,
and is now the well-known town of Fostoria. He soon
established an extensive and lucrative practice, and con-
tinued in it alone, until he associated w ith him his first
student, Dr. R. \V. Hale, who had commenced the reading
of medicine w ith him in 1S52, graduating in 1856 at the
medical college in Washington city, and who is still his
partner, and one of the foremost members of the profession
in northern Ohio. Dr. Caples has confined himself strictly
to the practice of medicine and surgery since he first opened
his office, nearly the third of a century ago, and has been
very successful and is widely known as an able practitioner.
He has had several students under his preceptorship besides
his associate, Dr. Hale. lie is an earnest Republican in
sentiment, but takes little part in politics, lie has, how-
ever, been much interested in all matters of local interest,
especially in the public schools, and has been for the past

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

605

fifteen years a member of the Board of Education, and for
the greater part of this period President ol the same, lie
was married at Kisdon, Ohio, in November, 1838, to Ann,
d.iughlci ol the late Adam Wilson, of Geneva, New Ymk;
she died in June, 1N08, leaving a daughter, another child
having died in infancy. Her daughter, Emma, was mar-
ried, Ortolier, 1871,10 Dr. George L. Iloege, ol Toledo,
where they resided a few months, and then returned to
Eostoria, where she died in June, 1873, aged twenty-one
years. Dr. Caples was again married, April 3d, 1S71, in
Eostoria, to Mary E. Barber, and has one child by this union.

UNGER, COLONEL WILLIAM, Editor, Lawyer
and Soldier, was born, May 12th, 1821, in the
city of Baltimore, Maryland, and is eif Irish
lineage, his parents having left that country two
years before his birth. In 1822 his father re-
moved to Philadelphia, where he remained until
William was nine years old, when he went to Ohio with his
family and settled in Carroll county. William was taught
the rudiments of learning by his mother, who was a woman
of remarkable mental qualities and good education. Being
a Presbyterian she required him to commit to memory the
Westminster Calccliimi, and to read daily two chapters in
the Bible. On his arrival in Ohio he was put to work on a
farm, but continued to pass his leisure moments in study.
From (lie time he was fourteen until he reached the age of
nineteen years, he went to school but fifty-five days in all ;
but by diligent night study at home, he made excellent at-
tainments in English grammar, mathematics, and the physi-
cal sciences; and he acquired a good knowledge of Greek,
besides mastering Latin, and also of the French and Spanish
languages, before he attained his majority, by the aid of in-
struction received from Professor John McCormick, a
teacher in Carrollton. lie taught school for one season in
Carroll county, and also in Hancock county for some years
during the winter season, working on a farm in the summer,
near Findley, Ohio, whither he had removed with his father
in 1842. In the autumn of 1844 'vas appointed Deputy
Treasurer of Hancock county, and in February, 1845, he
commenced editing and publishing, in Findley, the
Hancock Fanner, a weekly Democratic paper. Six months
subsequently he purchased the rival newspaper in that place
and united the two under the name of the Democratic
Courier, which journal he continued to edit for ten years.
In the autumn of 1846 he was elected Auditor of Hancock
county, and was re-elected in 1848. In 1850 he took an
active part, both on the stump and with his pen, in advocat-
ing the adoption of the new Constitution, which was subse-
quently carried by a popular vote. In 1S51 he was elected
to the State Senate from the district of which Hancock
county formed a part, but declined a renomination in 1853.
In the meantime he had studied law, was admitted to the

bar, and commenced practice in 1853. In 1858 he was
nominated by the Democracy of the Filth District as a can-
didate for Congress, but his opponent, Hon. J. M. Ashley,
was elected, notwithstanding that he ran several hundred
votes ahead ol his party ticket, lie continued in the prac-
tice of his profession until 1861. When the civil war broke
out he assisted in raising the 21st Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry in April, but on account of cases pending in court,
was prevented from going when the first call for troops was
made. He soon afterwards enlisted men to form a battery
of light artillery, but for lack of arms the company w as dis-
banded. He then received authority from Governor Den-
nison to raise a regiment of infantry. In about six weeks
the regiment was full, and was organized as the 57th Ohio,
of which he was placed in command as Colonel. This
regiment was assigned to duty under General W. T. Sher-
man in the West, and participated in all the important bat-
tles of the Southwest, including Shiloh (or Pittsburgh
Landing), Corinth, Chickasaw, Vicksburg, Raymond,
Champion Hills, and Arkansas Post. At the latter
place, Colonel M linger led the 4th Brigade, 1st Division,
15th Army Corps, in the charge ngainst the enemy’s works.
1 1 is health becoming impaired, he was compelled to resign
from the service at Vicksburg, but his regiment went through
with Sherman in his famous “ march to the sea.” After re-
cruiting his health for a year, he resumed the practice of
law in Findley. In 1866 he was the Democratic candidate
for Congress, and was elected by a majority of 2778 votes.
He served on the Committee on Indian Affairs, and on the
Special Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and 011 the
Treatment of Union Prisoners. He was re-elected to the
Forty-first Congress by a majority of 4S46, and was placed
on the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Printing, lie
continues the practice of his profession in Findley, w here he
resides; and is a frequent contributor to the press, occa-
sionally of poetical articles. He was married, March loth,
1S44, to Marietta Bowman, of Huntingdon county, Pennsyl-
vania, and has had eight children, of whom six are now
living— Theodore, his eldest son, is a lawyer in Washington
city ; Ellen, wife of O. S. Langam, of Bluffton, Ohio; Mar-
garet, wife of E. J. Totten, of Findley, Ohio; Clara, wife
of J. DeWolf, publisher of the Review, Eostoria ; and two
younger daughters, Jennie and ElTie, who are still living at
home.

c

%

Q)

d)UCH WALTER, M. L., Lawyer, was born on Sep-
tember 8th, 1846, at Ilallsville, Ross county,
Ohio. II is father was a Pennsylvania German,
w hile his mother came of German, English and
Welsh descent. Farming was followed by his
father, who enjoyed good circumstances. Both
his parents early manifested an interest in the anti-slavery
movement. The subject of this sketch spent his early years

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6o6

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

as a farmer’s boy. In his eighteenth year he entered college
at Delaware, Ohio, which lie afterwards left for Cornell
University, Ithaca, New Yolk, f rom the latter institution
he graduated as Master of Aits in the spring of lllfig. lie
studied law in C incinnati with Judge Bellamy Storer, and
graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1S70. There-
upon he immediately began the practice of his profession in
Cincinnati, and has continued it successfully up to the
present under the linn-name of Buchwalt-cr C: Campbell,
lie has never been a candidate for any official position. At
present he is a member of the Hoard of Trustees of the
Cincinnati University, serving on the committees of law and
finance. lie was married, May 14th, 1S73, f° Louise,
daughter of John Zimmerman, of Wooster, Ohio.

I

"OATES, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Collector of
Internal Revenue for the Eleventh District of
Ohio, was born in Clinton county, Ohio, June
23d, iS27,of Quaker parents, his father, Aquila
Coates, being a native of Chester county, Penn-
sylvania, and descended from a family that
settled in that State with William Penn. Ilis mother, Ra-
chel l’idgeon Coates, was a native of Lynchburg, Virginia,
lie received his early education in the common schools of
his native county, and at the age of twenty began the study
of medicine in the office of Dr. Aquilla Jones, in Wilming-
ton, Ohio, and subsequently graduated in Jetferson Medical
College, Philadelphia. lie first located for the practice of
his profession at Mowrystown, Highland county, Ohio, in
1S50, where he remained until 1S53, when he removed to
West Union, the county-seat of Adams county, Ohio. Here
he continued the practice of his profession industriously and
successfully for nine years, being part of the time in part-
nership with Dr. David Coleman, a prominent physician of
that place. In 1S57 he married Elizabeth J. Patterson,
daughter of the late Hon. John Patterson, of Adams county,
Ohio. In 1861 he was elected to the Ohio Senate, from the
district composed of Adams, Scioto, Jackson and 1’ike
counties, which office he held one term. I11 1S62, at the
solicitation of Governor Tod, he assisted in recruiting and
organizing the 91st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry for
the Union army, and being commissioned its Lieutenant-
Colonel, accompanied the regiment to the field, and served
with it to the close of the war, and was mustered out of the
service with his regiment June 30th, 1S65. In the battle
of Lynchburg, Virginia, on June 171I1, 1S64, Colonel John
A. 1 urley being wounded, he took command of the regi-
ment. (Jn December gth, 1864, he was commissioned
Colonel, and on the 13th of March, 1865, was brevetted a
Brigadier-General. In the battle of Winchester, Virginia,
September lglli, 1864, he look command of the 2d Brigade
of General R. B. Hayes’ Division, Army of West Virginia,
commanded by General George (.'rook, and continued in

command of this brigade under General Sheridan during his
campaign in the Shenandoah valley, participating in all the
brilliant and hard -(ought battles of that ever memorable and
victorious campaign, ending with the battle of Cedar Creek,
Virginia. On being mustered out of the service, General
Coates located in Portsmouth, Ohio, and engaged in the
wholesale drug business, in which he continued until ap-
pointed United States Collector of Internal Revenue for the
Eleventh Collection District of Ohio, October 1st, i860,
which position lie still continues to hold, now being in
charge of the consolidated Eleventh and Twelfth Districts,
by appointment of President Grant. He was one of the
original projectors and organizers of the Ohio State Soldiers’
and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home, at Xenia, Ohio, and was ap-
pointed by Governor Hayes one of its first Board of Trus-
tees. He is one of the Directors of the Kinney National
Bank of Portsmouth, and a Director and Treasurer of the
Portsmouth Street Railroad Company. lie is a hospitable,
courteous and universally respected gentleman, and an
honest, efficient and faithful public officer.

rORSE, DAVID APPLETON, M. D., Physician,
Surgeon, and Professor of Nervous Disorders and
Insanity in Starling Medical College, Columbus,
Ohio, was born, December 12th, 1840, at Ells--
worth, Ohio, of New England parentage. He
received a classical education, and while a student
his tastes were manifest in a preference for languages, meta-
physics, and kindred studies, which doubtless, to a great ex-
tent, has determined his subsequent course in life and been
the foundation of bis success in teaching those branches, in
which he is recognized as high authority.- Possessed of a
good memory, with keen perceptions and well-developed
intuitive faculties, he has been saved much labor that with
many others render great exertion necessary to acquire
knowledge. When but seven years old he recited each
Sunday, for five months, at Sunday-school, one hundred
verses from the New Testament, and received a prize com-
peted for by many much older in years. At this time he
was a pupil of the academy at Ellsworth, then taught by
Rev. Mr. Norton. He was placed in a class of the oldest
and most advanced pupils, some of whom, during the follow-
ing year, began the study of law or medicine, while others
entered the ministry. lie was selected to give the opening
address at the exhibition at the close of the term, which posi-
tion, from his size and age, made him conspicuous. From
this time until he was sixteen years old he was occupied in
study, with the exception of a portion of the years 1S53-54,
when he assisted in a dry-goods store, in w hich his father
was a member of the firm. When he had attained the age
of fourteen, his father died. During the subsequent four or
five years, in connection with a younger brother, he had the

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BIOGRAPHICAL llNCYCI.OP/EDIA.

supervision of the farm on which they were horn. 1 1 is
younger brother having a taste for such pursuits, to a great
extent look l lie lead, while lie longed for the time when he
should lie able to eulei the piofessiuu he had chosen. In
September, t S 5 7 , he commenced the study ol medicine with
l)r. G. \V. lirooke, a careful, able and successful practi-
tioner. To him Dr. Morse has always attributed much of
his professional success, to the habits and advice his precep-
tor inculcated, and only regrets he did- nut adopt all the
former’s counsels. He subsequently attended the lectures
delivered in the Western Reserve Medical College, at
Cleveland, and after passing a most excellent examination
before the faculty, graduated from that institution in the
class of 1862. lie commenced the practice of his profes-
sion at Edinburgh, Ohio, where he remained one year. In
March, 1863, he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of
the 124th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ami served with that
command in the campaign under General Rosccrans. In
September of the same year he was sent to Madison, United
States Army General Hospital, where he remained until
May, 1864, when he was commissioned Surgeon of the
163d Ohio Regiment, then doing guard duty over prisoners
of war at Camp Chase. He was, however, by order of the
Secretary of War, immediately detached and sent to
Georgia, with orders to report to General Sherman in
person for assignment to duty, lie served through this
campaign with the operating staff and in field hospitals.
During the following winter he served three months at
Camp Chase, and in January, 1S65, was sent to Louisville,
Kentucky. While on duty at Camp Chase he presented
himself before the United States Army Medical Examining
Hoard, then in session at Cincinnati, and after an examina-
tion of several days’ duration, passed successfully; and in
March, 1S65, received a commission from the War Depart-
ment, with orders to report for duly on the frontier, where
he remained some months, but becoming tired of the monoto-
nous life, resigned the service. During this same year
leave of absence had been granted him by Major-General
Reynolds, on order from the War Department, for faithful
services rendered in all branches of his line of duty. In
October, 1S65, lie resumed his private practice, and since
that time has been occupied as a close student in fully pre-
paring himself in those special branches of medicine more
especially pertaining to his chair in the colleges wherein he
has lectured. He also has devoted his leisure hours to a
full course of legal studies, for which he received certificates
that he had been so engaged ; and he is thoroughly versed
in medical jurisprudence. While preferring nervous dis-
orders, insanity, and pathology, as special studies, he is
well known to lie thoroughly informed as to all that per-
tains to his profession, as is evidenced by the numerous pub-
lished essays, lectures, and society addresses, upon a great
variety of topics. I le has been an extensive contributor to
journals, magazines and newspapers, and upon subjects out-
oide of his profession. Many of these articles have been rc-

O07

printed in foreign journals, and some have found a more
permanent resting-place in abstracts and compendiums,
where the more valuable articles are gathered. Arrange-
ments have been made with him to edit a department of the
( uu tmiitti J inn i t anil Oitst’j vi‘rt devoted to nervous dis-
orders, insanity and medical jurisprudence, which duly he
assumes with the May number, 1S76. He has in prepara-
tion a volume upon insanity, and also a work on medical
jurisprudence. Aside from his regular Professorship in
Starling Medical College, he will lecture upon the same
subjects elsewhere. For one yet young in years, he has al-
ready had advantages and a variety of experience not often
given to the life of one man. Within the past few months
he has been consulted by eminent counsel in important cases
involving questions of insanity and medical jurisprudence in
several States. Among these may be cited the celebrated
case of the “ boy murderer,” Jesse Pomeroy, of Poston,
Massachusetts, wherein the evidence was submitted to him,
and he was requested to write up the case from a medico-
legal standpoint. His opinion is, that the boy is irresponsi-
ble, and is liable at any time to perpetrate a similar offence.
He was also called upon by the State, as an expert, to ex-
amine the “ Blackburn case,” where insanity was the turning
point. The fact that these and other cases of a similar na-
ture have been submitted to him at a period of life when the
majority of men feel that they have but just entered upon
their profession, is an earnest that the future should unfold
for him an enviable reputation. lie is a Republican in
political creed, having polled his first vote in favor of its
principles and nominees, and has so continued ever since.
He connected himself, when twelve years old, with the
Methodist Episcopal Church, at Ellsworth, and continued a
member of that denomination until the winter of 1S60,
when he united with the Seventh Presbyterian Church of
Cincinnati, and has remained a Presbyterian to the present,
lie h as been twice married, llis first wife was Maria C.,
daughter of Rev. El. Cooper, D. I)., to whom he was united,
JuneJ7th, 1862. She died, July 10th, 1S67, leaving one
son, Edward A. Morse, now in his twelfth year, lie was
married, June 1st, 1S68, to Amanda M. Withrow.

ITCIIELL, GEORGE, M. D., Physician, was
born, July 19th, 1838, in Olivesburg, Richland
county, Ohio, and is a son of Dr. George E. and
Nancy (Devatt) Mitchell. 1 1 is father was a na-
tive of Pennsylvania, but had practised for forty
years in Richland county with great success.
Dr. George Mitchell, the younger, received his elementary
education in the neighboring schools, and in due course of
time entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware,
Ohio, and pursued the full course of four years’ study,
graduating from that institution in 1858, with the degree of
A. B. In i860 he matriculated at the Western Reserve

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Medical College, where he allendcd one course of lectures,
and during the following winter entered the Ohio Medical
College at Cincinnati, whence he graduated as Doctor of
Medicine in the. spring ol 1 862. Immediately after receiving
his degree he entered the United States service as Assistant
Surgeon of the 102(1 Regiment Ohio Volunteers. lie con-
tinued in active service in different campaigns until the close
of the war, being twice promoted for valuable services ren-
dered. In 1S65 he retired from the army and located him-
self at Mansfield, where he has since resided engaged in an
extensive practice. Having had much surgical experience
during his service in the army, he enjoys the reputation of
being a skilful surgeon. He is one of the Censors of the
medical department of the Wooster University, and also a
Trustee of his Alma Muter. In the winter of 1876 he w'as
appointed by Governor Hayes one of the Board ol Trustees
of the Central Ohio Insane Asylum, lie is a member of
the American Medical Association, and also of the Ohio
State Medical Society. He has at various times contributed
to the literature of the profession, lie was married, Sep-
tember, 1867,10 Mary, daughter of Colonel Barnabas Burns,
an old and prominent legal practitioner of Mansfield.

ESSLER, WILLIAM, Farmer, Miller, and Hotel
Proprietor, was born in 1S01, near the city of
Easton, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, and
was a son of George Peter Kessler, a native of
Saxony, who w ith his parents emigrated to America
in 1764, and settled in Northampton county, where
they became possessed of extensive tracts of land prior to
the revolutionary war. During the latter struggle, his
father was a participant on the side of his adopted country,
and after the independence of the States was acknowledged,
he owned flouring mills, and carried on farming near
Easton, where he reared a large family. William remained
at home until he had attained his majority, and then engaged
in agricultural pursuits in his native county until 1S36. The
follow ing year he disposed of his property and removed to
Wooster, Ohio, w here he embarked in the hotel business,
which he carried on for a few years. In 1S40 lie engaged
in distilling; anti shortly after in the purchase and packing
of pork fur the Baltimore market, in which he invested a
large amount of money, which w'as entirely lost in 1842,
owing to the failure of his factor in that city. lie then left
for Defiance county, where he purchased an improved farm
six miles from the town of Defiance, anti remained there
fur three years, engaged in agricultural pursuits. Having
decided to remove to Fremont, he disposed of the farm in
1843, and in his new residence again became engaged in
keeping a hotel, leasing at first the property which he after-
wards purchased (1858), and in which he continued until
his death. During his residence in Fremont, he accumu-
lated a fine property, including two farms in the immediate

neighborhood of the town, lie had ever been a Jackson
Democrat, until the firing on Fort Sumter, when he became
a firm supporter of the administration, anil was ever after a
staunch Republican, lie was married in 1826 to Louisa,
daughter of John Snyder, an old resident, and extensive
land owner in Monroe county, l’ennsylvania, and was the
father of seven children, of whom but three are now living.
One son, Peter Kessler, was for five years a postal clerk on
the line between Fremont and Buffalo, and served for some
time in the army during the civil war; one daughter, Louisa,
is the wife of E. B. Baldwin; and another daughter, Myra,
remains with her mother. The eldest son, Major John J.
Kessler, of the 49th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantiy,
came home sick, and died in August, 1865, having served
through the entire war. Mrs. Kessler remains the proprie-
tress of the Kessler House in Fremont, which is widely
known as one of the pioneer houses of Ohio, and its founder
will long be remembered as one of the oldest and most
popular of hotel keepers. For some years previous to his
death he had been in declining health, and w'as much in-
jured by an accident while driving. He died, August 13th,
1S66. The family have in their possession the original
passports given, February 15th, 1764, to Peter Kessler, in
Saxony, when he was about emigrating to America; he was
the grandfather of William Kessler.

ANDEMAN, JOHN L., Merchant, was born, Sep-
tember 30th, 1S10, in Ross county, Ohio, and is
the eldest son of Matthias and Margaret (I.egore)
Vandeman. II is father was a native of Fayette
county, Pennsylvania, a farmer by occupation,
who removed to Ohio in 1801, locating at first on
Deer creek, in Ross county, where he lived a few years, anil
subsequently moved to a site on the little north fork of Paint
creek, and resided there until 1816, when he finally settled
in Fayette county, which became his permanent home, lie
was an active participant in the war of 1812, his father, John
Vandeman, having been a revolutionary soldier, and was
of German lineage; he died at a very advanced age on his
farm at Washington, Fayette county, in October, 1870. lie
had married Margaret, daughter of John I.egore, of Mary-
land, for seven years a soldier in the revolutionary war.
He was of both French and German ancestry. He removed
to Ohio in 1808, and located at first in Ross county, but
finally settled, 1813, in Fayette county. John I.. Vandeman,
while a boy, attended the common school during the winter
months, and labored on a farm the balance of the year, until
he was eighteen years old, at which time his father moved
to Washington, in 1828, he being a carpenter by trade. In
1830 he entered the Ohio University at Athens, where he
pursued a course of literary study for about two years, and
subsequently taught school in Highland and Fayette counties
for a like period of two years. In 1834 he effected an en-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

gagement as a clerk, in a general country store in Wash-
ington, where he remained about four years. In 1S3S he
went into business on his own account in the same town,
and has ever since icsided there, carrying on at Inst a very
small business, but which soon grew to be a very large and
profitable trade. lie has also for some years associated
agricultural pursuits with the management of his extensive
mercantile establishment, owning a highly productive farm
in Union township, adjacent to Washington. lie has never
sought nor held any public office of a political nature. lie
is a Republican in politics, and cast his first vole in favor
of Andrew Jackson for President in 1832, but owing to
Jackson's policy, he abandoned him in 1834. lie has been
an active and zealous supporter of the Presbyterian Church
of which he is a member for the past forty years. Person-
ally, he is pleasant, courteous and affable, and enjoys the
respect and esteem of all his fellow-townsmen. He has
labored long and faithfully towards the improvement of the
town, which his extensive business block and where he
resides will show, and has probably contributed as much
time and influence in this respect as any other person. He
is also considerably interested, as a stockholder, in several
flourishing railroad companies. He was married in March,
1S39, to Rebecca P. Wilson, a native of Pennsylvania, and
is the father of four children, three of whom are in active
life in the same town. The eldest died when young.

II. SON, JOHN G., M.D., Physician and Surgeon,
was born, March 19th, 1S11, in Ross county,
Ohio, and is the fifth of eleven children, whose
parents were John and Lucy (Taylor) Wilson.
11 is father was a native of Pennsylvania, born
February l8th, 1779, and died September 29th,
1856; he was a farmer by occupation, who removed to Ohio
at an early date, settling originally in Pickaway county, and
thence went to Highland county, where he sojourned for
some time, and finally located in Ross county, where he
resided until his death. He was an active participant in
the war of 1812. His widow died in 1S68; she was also a
native of Pennsylvania, born on May 12th, 1782, a daughter
of William Taylor, an early pioneer of Ross county. Dr.
Wilson received his preliminary education in the district
school, which he attended during the winter months, being
occupied the balance of the year in working upon the farm.
He so continued until he attained his majority, when he
commenced the study of medicine under the supervision of
Dr. James Robbins, at Greenfield, in Highland county. He
continued with his preceptor for three years, and in the
autumn of 1835 went to Dayton, where he engaged in the
practice of his profession for about a year with Dr. Henry
Varrctuye. In 1836 lie removed to I.ockport, Carroll
county, Indiana, where he remained until July, 1841, when
he returned to Ohio, and settled in Washington, Fayette
77

609

county, where he has resided ever since, engaged in the
control of an extensive and lucrative medical practice. He
has been Infirmary Physician of the county for twenty years,
and lor some three years United Stales Examining Surgeon.
His political views are those ol the Republican party, hav-
ing previously been a Whig, casting his first Presidential
vote against Jackson, and his second in favor of the Har-
rison electoral ticket. He has never sought nor held any
public office of a political responsibility, and has always de-
voted his whole attention to the practice of medicine and
surgery. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian. Socially,
he is a pleasant companion, and courteous in manner, and
is highly respected by his fellow-townsmen. He was mar-
ried, 1839, to Lucinda Mackerly, a native of New Jersey.
She died in 1S75, and was the mother of two children.

LMPSON, REV. THOMAS R., M. D., Clergy-
man, Physician, and Poet, was born, December
12th, 1818, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, and is the youngest child of James and
Jane (Robertson) Simpson, late of Lancaster
county, Pennsylvania. 1 1 is father was a native
of Wigtonshirc, Scotland, who followed through life me-
chanical pursuits, and emigrated to America at an early
date, settling in Philadelphia, and where he married Jane
Robertson, a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, lie
afterwards removed to Lancaster county, where he resided
until his death. Thomas received a very liberal education
at Washington College, Pennsylvania. When twenty-two
years of age, he commenced the study of divinity, at the
Theological School in Cannohsburg, Pennsylvania, and con-
tinued the same for four years. lie settled at Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, where he had been chosen pastor of the Asso-
ciate Presbyterian Church in that borough, and where he
resided for eight years. During this period he had been
engaged more or less in reading medicine, and became so
much interested that he resolved to study it as a profession.
He accordingly resigned his parish, and proceeded to Phila-
delphia, where he attended the lectures delivered at the
Jefferson Medical College, and subsequently in the Philadel-
phia College of Medicine. At this period the latter school
was merged into the Pennsylvania College, from which last-
named institution he graduated with honor. He removed
to Ohio, and located in Jefferson county, where he practised
his profession with success until 1S71, when he changed
his residence to Steubenville, where he has permanently
settled, and continues his professional duties, having an ex-
tensive and profitable line of patronage. While a resident
of the interior of the county, he was also settled as pastor
for a greater part of the time over the United Presbyterian
Church of Yellow Creek, and since he has made Steuben-
ville his residence, he has devoted more or less of his time
to ministerial duties. He early developed marked ability

lilOCKAl’IIICAL ENCYCLOITKDIA.

6 to

as a writer of poetry, and lias given much attention to
poetic compositions, that have attracted the attention of all
true lovers of the poetic muse, lie is a Republican in
political feelings, Init has never sought nor held any public
office, lie was married in 1840 to Martha, daughter of
the late William Anderson, of Washington county, 1'ennsyl-
vania, and is the father of eleven children, ten of whom
are living.

RROWSMITH, MILLER, Surveyor and Farmer,
w as born, March 14th, 1808, in Champaign county,
Ohio. In June, 1833, he first visited the Maumee
f , ^ valley, and purchased lands near Defiance, to
“ wdiich he removed and settled in the following
month of October. At that time Judge John
Perkins was County Surveyor, hut from age, and being en-
gaged in other pursuits, he did not wish to perform the work
of the office, and appointed Mr. Arrowsmith, Deputy County
Surveyor, the duties of which office he discharged with
accuracy and fidelity for fifteen years; he is to-day one of
the oldest surveyors in northwestern Ohio. In the session
of the Legislature which met in the winter of 1845-46, he
was elected a member of the State Hoard of Equalization,
and he proved one of the most efficient members of that
body. From 1848 to 1S52 he was Auditor of Defiance
county, and Postmaster at Arrowsmith’s for about fifteen
years. Excepting minor offices, the above fill the measure
of his public life, lie might have continued in office, and
filled a larger space in the public eye, but his tastes and
inclinations led him to engage in agriculture, in 1852, and
in this favorite pursuit, on his well-cultivated acres in
Farmer township, among his books and friends, he is passing
the evening of his days, lie is now, though nearing the
mark of threescore years and ten, in full possession of phys-
ical and mental vigor. The pioneers of the valley are ever
specially welcomed under his hospitable roof.

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**' YtY DREY, WILLIAM M., Lawyer and Editor, was
born in Cincinnati, January U>th, 1811, and is a
descendant of one of the pioneer families of the
State. 1 1 is father, William Curry, figured promi-
nently as a lawyer, in the local administration of
Cincinnati, more than half a century ago. Mr.
Corry lias never held but one public position. I11 1855 he
was elected a member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from Hamilton county. He has a reputation for a talent
which he does not owe to family distinction nor public posi-
tion. From partisan associations and entanglements he has
been singularly free. Although warmly attached to Demo-
cratic principles, he has never been in the party organization
a political slave of those wdio W'ould professedly carry them
out. In the elements which make up his mental composi-

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lion, Mr. Corry rises far superior to the partisan. With
him government is a science and politics a philosophy w hich
should be studied by the lights ol logic, history, experience
and intrinsic justice. For the spoils of office or any other
incidentals connected with parly organization, he has always
had supreme contempt. I'crhups one of his most noticeable
characteristics is his willingness to take an unpopular side,
if it accords with his individual opinions. With the un-
thinking many he is not popular. With men of intelligence,
whether agreeing with him or not, he is most highly es-
teemed and appreciated, as well as ranked among the ablest
sons of the State. Few men are his equals in a knowledge
of the science' of government, and particularly of those prin-
ciples which lie at the foundation of the American constitu-
tional organism. In his general ideas as to the relations of
the States to the Federal government, he is a disciple of
John C. Calhoun, and in his ability to sustain those views
he is not much inferior to the illustrious South Carolinian,
lie is doubtlessly the most able exponent of what is known
as the State Rights school of the construction of the Consti-
tution now living. With great political knowledge, and
with supreme disregard for political honor or advantage, he
possesses the rare quality of physical and moral courage.
He never surrenders a conviction. To him proscription or
the stake would be preferable, lie did not approve of the
late war. It was violently opposed to all his political prin-
ciples, and antagonistic to all his individual instincts. He
did not hesitate so to write, print, and speak, despite the
danger of military commissions, and Forts Lafayette and
Warren. But politics is only one element in his character,
lie is a fine historian; is well-read in every department of
literature and science; and in all that relates to modern im-
provement, he marches abrea3l of his age. He is one of
the best conversationalists in the State, and being a hard
student, has read almost everything that makes up what is
know'll as a modern library. Those who know and appre-
ciate him most highly, keenly regret that what is called his
political impracticability — which simply means his devotion to
principle, and his personal honesty — should have prevented
his advancement to the high positions in Stale and general
government, which he was so well qualified to adorn. He
is one of the ablest of Western editors. There is hardly a
newspaper in Cincinnati that has not received many brilliant
articles from his pen, some of them published as editorials,
and others over his well known initials. He was the
founder, and for several years editor, of a weekly political
paper entitled the Cincinnati Commoner. In it there were
many articles worthy of our best monthlies, and worthy of
being published in book form. The Commoner, discontinued
in 1872, was called originally West and South, and as it
was first issued at the close of the war, its special object was
to patronize those sections of the Union on both doctrine
and measures. It called on Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana,
three great contact States, to set the whole Mississippi valley
the example of solidarity upon w hat it called the “ interior

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lilOG R A Pll 1C AL EN'C VC LOl’. EDI A.

policy," viz., 1 1 10 State Rights construction of the Federal
system created hy the States, and always amenable to them,
but hy no means leaving constitutional questions to Congress
and the Supreme Court in the last resort, nor agreeing that
the terms of the copartnership of Union made it perpetual.
With this plain doctrine the Commoner advocated as meas-
ures of interior policy the true science and justice ol hard
money, free trade, light taxes, and small appropriations.
Generally the paper invited all sensible, men to use it as a
medium for the expression and exchange of opinions on
every important and interesting subject, and set an example
of perfect frankness and independence. While it is true
that his tastes lie largely in the field of political speculation,
Mr. Corry has displayed line literary and scholastic attain-
ments. lie was educated as a lawyer, and admitted to the
bar at Columbus in the spring of 1852, but quit the practice
in 1S4X, on going to Europe. 1 1 is fine analytical and
logical mind would have given him a distinguished position
at the bar, had he chosen to continue a practitioner. 1 1 is
sympathies have ever been with what is known as radical
progress in all departments of effort. The struggle in
Europe between the masses and the privileged classes has
always aroused his deepest interest. The excesses of the
lowly and oppressed in the days of their victories have not
blinded him to the justice of their complaints, lie left
home for France on the news of the last revolution of 1848,
and remained nearly three years in Paris, an eye-witness of
the attempts to establish and to overthrow the republic.
1 1 is friends there were all advanced republicans, and he
gave that cause his cordial and unfaltering support, at con-
siderable risk, lie learned the language, and never has
ceased to praise the French people, whom he considers the
foremost nation of Europe, and the advance guard of the old
world in science, art, war, society, politics, progress and
liberty. One of his peculiarities, and in this age of
utilitarian philosophy, when sentiment is so generally
sacrificed to the practical, and the noble is so largely
overshadowed by the sordid, it is a peculiarity, is his
devotion to his personal friends. Misfortune with him
does not obscure merit. Adversity in others only brings
out in stronger relict the pure gold that lies at the bottom
of his own composition. Sometimes abrupt in manner,
occasionally hasty in expression, and often using, perhaps
stronger and more forcible language than the occa-
sion warrants, he has a kind heart, and an appreciation of
all that is noble and true in humanity, and infinite scorn
for all that i, mean and base in any private or public man.
file historian of the Ohio Legislature of 1856-57, who un-
derstood his subject well, graphically describes Mr. Corry as
“a man of mark, both physical Iy and intellectually, in any
public body. A11 inch or two over six feet high, and quite
thin from chronic ill health, he appears very tall, and with a
full beard and dark hair, is of decidedly foreign aspect.
I here is added to this a slight tinge of French manners,
perhaps contracted during a residence in Paris, that is akin

61 1

to his mercurial temperament, and radical tendency of mind.
In politics he has been called a red Republican, and 1 do
not know that he objects to a classification with Ledru
Rollin, and those French revolutionists who preferred inde-
pendent exile to servile eminence under the shadow of
Napoleon the Little, though, by the way, I cannot appreciate
the ground of his attachment to the Democracy of this
country, particularly as I understand him to be a democrat in
the correct sense of the term. Alternately he appears radi-
cally in advance of modern progress, and behind even white-
haired conservatism, often startling his friends, and surpris-
ing his opponents. Like all geniuses he is brilliant, erratic,
and eccentric, combining all kinds of extremes, with a strong
tendency, in spite of all, to the practical. In debate he
reasons with great earnestness of manner, and has the
faculty of investing his subject with importance enough to
make it worthy of the discussion, whatever it may be.
Towards opponents he is apt to be severe, and liable to fall
into the barrister’s trick of crushing an adversary by a coup
de main. As an orator he possesses rare gifts, is eloquent,
forcible and clear, but his forte after all is his earnestness
of manner, which commands the attention of his audience
in spite of themselves. lie is not apt to dabble in debates,
but will often spring into them at times and from quarters
not expected, and takes an especial delight in demolishing
an assuming pretender. His feelings are with the people
and their rights, personal and moral, when in competition
with wealth and capital, preserving and defending the im-
portant distinction between the man and the dollar, a quality
in a legislator which will be more and more appreciated in
the advance of the true science of law' making, as law's come
to be a truthful exhibit of just rules applied to particular
cases. Personally, Mr. Con} is a man whom his friends
value. Not very ready to make acquaintances, he is free
from hauteur or affectation, and meets men as though he
had seen others of the species before, regarding properly
their individuality and their rights. Travel has educated
him, moreover, into the truth that men are not worth a
great deal more for being born in any particular country.
As a legislator he looks more to the moral than the
pecuniary interests of the State, and from his independent
radicalism is not likely to be the leader of a party or faction,
since the trading politician will not often venture to follow
so bold an example as he is apt to set. Still, his talent for
speaking and his general accomplishments will make him
a prominent man in any deliberative body, and his parly i3
often compelled to follow him at a risk, by doing which his
present party associates would certainly gain much and lose
nothing.” Taken all in all, as a man of eccentric, curious,
and admirable trails, he stands alone, and certainly as a
man of genius and culture, he has had few equals among
his cotemporaries, so rendering it the more to be deplored
that no fitting opportunity should have been given him for
using such uncommon qualities to the advantage of his
fellow-men.

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lllOGRAPIIICAI, ENCYCI.OP.E1 ) I A .

OK R IS, k. 1 )., Merchant, was horn, June 41)1, 1829,
in Turkstinvn, county of Kilkenny, Ireland, and
is a son of (tunes and Johanna Norris. 1 1 is
primary education was obtained in the village
school, where he remained until he was twelve
years old, when he entered the National School
at Pilltown, in the same county, where he completed his
education during the three years of his sojourn there. After
leaving this latter institution he entered as -an apprentice a
dry-goods and woollen establishment in Wexford, where he
served three years, at the expiration of which time he went
to Dublin, where he was engaged by the well known firm
of Mcllurnev A Collis, dry-goods and woollen merchants,
in the capacity of buyer for the woollen department of the
house. This is one of the largest establishments of the
kind in Dublin, giving employment to between five and six
hundred clerks and salesmen, lie remained in this con-
nection until 1851, when he decided to emigrate to the
United Slates. On landing in the city of New York, he
obtained a situation in the dry-goods house of Lord &
l’aylor, where he passed a year, and then removed with his
family to Cincinnati, he having been married prior to his
departure from Europe. After his arrival in Cincinnati, he
accepted a position in the dry-goods house of George
White, one of the most extensive establishments at that
time in the city. During the period he was connected with
that house he became Superintendent of the cloak and
shawl department, and also buyer for the woollen depart-
ment. lie relinquished these positions in 1855, and com-
menced on his own account, on Fifth street, in the dry-
goods, cloak, and shawl trade, doing a thriving and
satisfactory business for about eight years, when he disposed
of his interests in the concern, anti then opened a whole-
sale clothing warehouse on l'earl street, under the firm-
name of Martin, Norris & Co., which so continued for tw'o
years, after which the style was changed to R. I). Norris &
Co. In 1S70 he closed up his business on Pearl street and
returned to Fifth street, where he opened a wholesale and
retail clothing house, to which was added a customs de-
partment, and also the importing of fine woollen goods
from England and France. In the latter department he
probably does a larger business than is transacted by any
similar establishment in the West. While travelling in
Europe, some years since, he visited the principal woollen
manufactories, both in England and France, and opened
accounts with such of them as seemed best suited to his
trade; since which time he has largely imported both
French and English goods, and still continues to do so.
The experience he has gained in the large woollen houses
of Europe, and also in this country, led him to the con-
clusion that it was more profitable to his interests to deal in
the manufactured goods than in piece goods, hence the
change which he has made in his business, so different
from the mode in w hich he had been educated. During
the quarter of a century of his business career he has been

very successful, having been able to withstand the panics
and weather the financial storms which have swept over the
country. And not only this, but he has never been obliged
to ask for an extension of time on a note, nor allowed his
paper to go to protest. A straightforward business on true
business principles has ever been his motto. lie has
achieved the success which has attended him by his strict
attention to business and undeviating honor and honesty in
all his mercantile transactions. And the handsome compe-
tence he has gained during his twenty-five years’ residence
in Cincinnati is an ample proof of his unwearying industry.
Outside of his extensive business he has made large invest-
ments in valuable real estate in various parts of the city.
Me has never held nor aspired to any office, political or
otherwise.

'( NDEkWOOI), ALPIIEUS HARRISON, Physi-
cian and Pharmaceutist, was born, April 21st,
1S36, in lirimlicld, Portage county, Ohio, of New
England parentage. His father was a native of
Massachusetts, a farmer by occupation, and orig-
inally a cabinet maker by trade, had removed to
Ohio in 1S20. Ilis mother was a native of Connecticut,
who died when he was one year old. He w as reared by a
kind step-mother. lie first attended the district school,
and subsequently an academy at Shallersville. When
seventeen years old he left school, and taught for the ensu-
ing seven years in various localities, including Ravenna,
Portage county; Mechanicslmrg, Champaign county; and
South Charleston, Clarke county. At the outbreak of the
civil war he enlisted as a private in the 4th Ohio Cavalry,
and was advanced to the raffle of Sergeant. He served
with that regiment until discharged for disability, in 1863.
He then proceeded to Cardenton, where, he commenced
the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. A. S.
Weatherly, meanwhile teaching school for one term. After
remaining at that place for a year, he went to Cincinnati
and passed two years in attendance upon the lectures deliv-
ered in the College of Medicine and Surgery, and in W. |.
M. Gordon’s drug store ns prescription clerk. He gradu-
ated from the college in February, 1866, having in the
meantime been appointed Assistant Physician in the Com-
mercial Hospital, Cincinnati. He considers this appoint-
ment as a great achievement, owing to the opposition of
the other schools. He was, however, obliged to relinquish
the position on account of ill health. He next returned to
Clarke county, and commenced the practice of his profes-
sion in South Charleston, where he remained a year,
meeting with good success. A favorable opening present-
ing itself at London, he removed thither in 1867, and con-
tinued his professional duties in that place until July, 1874,
when he purchased a drug store, and has since assumed the
entire control of the same, having a very good patronage,
and he also continued his medical practice. Ilis political

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA.

view's are those held hy the Republican party. He lias had
-positions offered him on the ticket ol that parly, blit lias
invariably declined llie lioininalion. lie was appointed
Pension Examining Surgeon for Madison county in I S7 3,
which position he yet retains; and is also Examining Sur-
geon for six or eight life insurance companies, lie has
been through life a hard worker and a close student, rely-
ing exclusively upon his own efforts for advancement, and
receiving no assistance or possessing any outside influence
whatever, lie enjoys the confidence and esteem of the
community among whom he resides, and is regarded by all
as a useful and valuable citizen. lie was married on Sep-
tember 2 1 st , 1S65, to Hannah 1)., eldest daughter of David
Rutan, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, and is the father of two
sons, both living.

IGELOW, JAllEZ GARDNER, Lawyer, was
born, March 71I1, 1S22, in New Lebanon, Colum-
bia county, New York, where he received a com-
mon school education. In 1844 he went to
Oberlin, Ohio, where he subsequently entered
the college ,at that town, and graduated in the
class of 1S50. After leaving that institution he taught
school for the next six months, and then removed to San-
dusky, and in the same year commenced the study of law in
the office of Beecher A Leonard — the former of whom is
still in active business for himself — and was admitted to the
bar in August, 1S52. lie commenced immediately to
practise his profession in Sandusky, and is acknowledged
to be one of the ablest and most prominent barristers in
that city. In 1S62 he was appointed United States Assessor
of Internal Revenue, and held that position for three years,
and was one of the first persons who acted in that capacity
in northern Ohio, lie has also served as a member of City
Councils, llis political belief was formerly that of the
Liberty party; but since the abolition of slavery he has
been a prominent Republican. He is a persevering, ener-
getic citizen, and is endowed with talents of a high order;
and his present standing as a member of the legal fraternity
is entirely due to his industry and the care with which his
clients’ causes are presented to the court and jury. He is a
stockholder in the Sandusky Tool Company, and also in the
Second National Bank. lie was married in 1855 to
Sarah Hull, of Perkins township, Erie county, Ohio.

ALL, LUTHER A., Lawyer, was born, August
13th, 1813, in the township of Spafford, in Onon-
jj. ill daga county, New York, and is a son of Luther
G» Hall, a native of Berkshire county, Massachu-
setts, and a farmer by occupation. He died in
1849, at Freeport, Illinois, whither he had pre-
viously removed. Luther A. Ilall was reared on a faint,
working during the summer and attending the district

613

school until he attained the age of fourteen years, when he
became a pupil of Thomas \V. Allis in a select school at
Skanealelcs, where he remained two years. lie then
effected tut engagement as a clerk in a store, where he was
occupied some three years. In the spring of 1833 he
started on a trip to Ohio, with a small stock of goods, in a
one-horse wagon, to pay his travelling expenses on the way.
He arrived at Tiffin on May 5th of that year, and was first
employed in the Recorder’s office at fifty cents per day,
boarding himself. He soon after entered the store of John
Park as a clerk, and received ten dollars per month wages
and his board. He remained there for about eighteen
months, at the same time filling the office of Clerk of the
Court of Common Pleas and Supreme Court for Seneca
county, at Tiffin, to which position he was appointed, as
Deputy, in 1833, and as Principal on May 51I1, 1834. In
1S35 he engaged in the mercantile business with Josiah
Hedges, ail old merchant and the founder of Tiffin. This
was carried on for about two years, when the great financial
storm of 1837 occurred, and they decided to discontinue
business. The stock was closed out, their good debts col-
lected, and all liabilities paid. There were many losses
from bad debts, but still something remained when the firm
dissolved, lie still continued to hold the office of Clerk
of said courts in Tiffin, and at the same time studied law
under the supervision of Hon. Abel Ransom, until the
autumn of 1840, when he entered the Cincinnati Law
College, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1S41.
He resigned the office of Clerk of the Court the same year,
and commenced the practice of his profession in Tiffin, and
so continued until 1856, when he was elected to the office
of Prosecuting Attorney of Seneca county. lie filled that
position for two years, and Hi 1858, at the expiration of his
term of service, formed a legal partnership with John II.
1 ittinger, of Tiffin, under the firm-name of Hull A l’ittin-
ger, opening an office in that town, and have continued
together ever since, engaged in a general law business. In
1862 Mr. Hall was appointed by President Lincoln Assessor
of Internal Revenue for the Ninth District of Ohio, which
he held until removed by President Johnson in 1865. In
1S68 he was Presidential Elector for the Ninth Congres-
sional District of Ohio, casting the vote in the Electoral
College of Ohio for Grant and Colfax. I11 1867 he was
one of the corporators of the doledo, 1 iffin & Eastern Rail-
road, and was elected President of the company, serving in
that capacity until the line was completed. While filling
that office he devoted his entire time towards forwarding
the enterprise, and to his energetic efforts were largely due
its final completion from Toledo to Tiffin, connecting with
the Mansfield Road, in advance of other and rival lines.
He was married, April 7th, 1835, to Cynthia A., daughter
of the late Josiah Hedges, of Tiffin, and is the father of
four sons, all of whom are living. The eldest, Josiah II.,
is now residing in Chicago, but was for seven years in
Japan, and was the first Commissioner of Agriculture in

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6i4

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

tint country prior to General Capron’s appointment. 'I lie
second son, James II., is married and living in Tiffin ; his
occupation that of a commercial traveller. The third son,
John A., was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for
some years in Tiffin, and until that office was abolished, but
is now in the Tiffin Shoe Factory. The youngest son,
Albon IT, is a surgeon on one of the Japanese steamers
plying between Yokohama and Shanghai.

cfcj*<ARLICK, TIIEODATUS, M. D., Surgeon and
0|IL Scientist, was born, March jotli, 1805, in Middle-
/ 1 1 I bury, Addison county, Vermont, and now resides
<cVJ/ in Bedford, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. lie was the
el)T/..y son of Daniel Garlick, a farmer, who married
^ Salna Starkweather Kirby, daughter of Abraham
Kilby, of Litchfield, Connecticut, and sister of Hon.
Ephraim Kirby, who in 1S04 was appointed United States
Judge for the Territorial District of Louisiana by President
Jefferson. I11 1S16 the subject of this sketch left his native
State for the western country, travelling on foot, carrying a
knapsack, and arrived at Elk Creek (now Girard), in Erie
county, Pennsylvania, where he resided two years. He
then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he had a brother
who was a stone-cutter by trade. Willi this brother he
remained several years, and learned the art of carving and
lettering on stone. He then returned to his home in Ver-
mont to complete his education, which had been irregularly
received in the common schools and under private tutors ;
and in 1823 moved again to Ohio, accompanied by his
father and family. In 1829 he entered the office of Dr.
Ezra W. Glezcn as a student of medicine. These studies
were continued with Dr. Elijah Flower, a prominent phy-
sician and surgeon of Brookfield, Ohio. Alter four years
of close application and attending full courses of lectures, he
graduated at the University of Maryland, in the city of
Baltimore, in 1834. During many months after his gradu-
ation he enjoyed close social and professional relations with
Professor N. R. Smith, who occupied the Chair of Surgery
in the Maryland University, lie declined all inducements,
although many were flattering, to remain in Baltimore, and
returned to Ohio and settled in what became Youngstown,
where he immediately engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession, in which he made surgery a specialty. Eighteen
years later he removed to Cleveland and formed a partner-
ship in surgery with Professor Horace A. Ackley, and at
once took high rank among the profession of that city. He
was elected a member of the Board of Censors of the
Cleveland Medical College, and Vice-President of the
Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences. As a surgeon he
excelled, and had probably no superior in plastic surgery.
In the medical college and elsewhere his operations in this
class were numerous and important. In the case of a
young lady who had lost nearly all of one side of her face

and two-thirds of the upper and lower lips by sloughing of
the parts, he performed one of the most remarkable and
successful operations. The whole side of the face was re-
stored and the deformity removed by the perfect fitting of
the flaps, which were cut up to supply the lost parts. Pro-
fessor John Delamater decided that there was not a more
difficult or successful case of plastic surgery on record, and
estimated its value at $10,000. The operation of lithotomy
he performed with great skill and success; in one case
fracturing and then extracting a stone which measured
three and one-half by four and one-half inches, in shape
like a cocoanut. lie removed the half of the under jaw
twice, disarticulating in each case, and twice tied success-
fully the common carotid artery. He made some valuable
improvements in methods of operation for harelip and for
fistula in ano; introduced new splints and dressings for
fractures, and applied the principle of anatomical models
to animals and parts of animals, and especially fishes. In
1S53, with Professor Ackley, he began the artificial propa-
gation of brook trout anil other fish, and in 1857 published
Ids work entitled “ Fish Culture,” which was the standard
authority on that subject. While at the Maryland Medical
College he produced a bas relief in wax of five of the pro-
fessors of the college, which were pronounced excellent
likenesses. The statuettes in basso relievo of General
Jackson and Henry Clay, both of whom gave him sittings,
were soon after completed, and were followed by a full-
length miniature in the same style of Chief- Justice Mar-
shall, from a portrait by Waugh. This work was pro-
nounced by Mr. Bullock, the English virtuoso, equal to the
productions of Phorwalsden. A life-size bust of Judge
George Tod, of Ohio, was another of his productions much
admired for its merit and aiVuiracy. He made more than
sixty anatomical models, which represent all of the im-
portant surgical regions of the human body ; also many
pathological models, which represent rare forms of disease.
Duplicates of these models may be seen in the medical
colleges of Cleveland, Cincinnati, Buffalo, Toronto, Charles-
ton, and many other colleges. They are considered superior
to those of the celebrated Au/oux, of Paris. In 1S74 he
completed a life-size bust of Professor J. P. Kirlland, at the
age of sixty years. This is his masterpiece. It was exe-
cuted under the most trying circumstances. A disease of
the spinal nerves of more than ten years’ standing, so that
he could not stand without the aid of crutches, kept him
closely confined to a lounge, and thus, while suffering acute
pain, he modelled this most admirable bust. It was a
labor of love, as no money would have induced him to
undertake it. He made the first daguerreotype picture (a
landscape) taken in the United States, and constructed the
instrument and apparatus to take it in December, 1839,
besides making in 1S40 the first daguerreotype likeness
ever taken anywhere, without requiring the rays of the sun
to fall directly upon the sitter’s face— in the shade. Pro-
fessor J. P. Kirlland was his first and only preceptor in

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

615

natural history, and was his intimate friend and associate for
more than forty years. 1 1 is remarkable constitution and
genial, even temperament enabled him to perform an
unusual amount of labor which required great endurance
and patience, lie was married to Mary M. Chittenden,
his third wife, in 1846. 1 1 is first and second wives were

sisters, and daughters of Dr. Elijah Flower, his medical pre-
ceptor. lie had two children— one son, Dr. Wilmot II.
Garlick, and one daughter.

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A ‘’f/

OUNG, WII.FIAM, Insurance Agent, was born,
April 22cl, 1822, in Franklin, Warren county,
Ohio. lie assisted his father on the latter’s farm
until he was seventeen years old, attending the
common school during the winter season. lie
then went to Cincinnati, where he became an
apprentice to learn the saddlery business, and was thor-
oughly instructed in all its branches during the five years
he stayed there. After the expiration of his term of service
he went to St. Louis, where he obtained employment as a
journeyman saddler and harness maker, and where he re-
mained until 184S, when he next proceeded to Memphis,
Tennessee, stopping there a year, and then returned to
Cincinnati. After a brief sojoufn in his old home he went
to Philadelphia, staying two months in that city, and again
returned to Cincinnati, where he again worked at his trade.
In the autumn of 1848 he went South, and visited Vicks-
burg, Mississippi, New Orleans and Shreveport, Louisiana,
and thence to Clarksville, Texas, working in these different
cities, and once more returned to Cincinnati. He there
commenced the manufacture of saddles and harness on his
own account, on Main street between Fourth and Fifth
streets, and continued there until 1858, when his establish-
ment was consumed by fire, and he lost in one day the
earnings of ten years. After this catastrophe he proceeded
to engage in the patent right business in St. Louis, where
he remained until the following year, when he again re-
turned to Ohio and commenced farming on a small farm
near Cincinnati, and which is now included within the city
limits, and on which he still resides. At the outbreak of
the civil war he effected an engagement as a cutter in the
employ of Moore & Sons, who had heavy contracts with the
government to furnish saddles and harness for the army,
lie continued in this business until 1864, when he turned
his attention to tire insurance, and was associated with A.
S. Reaves, w ith whom he remained a year, and next with
the Eureka Company, in whose service he continued two
years. lie was then tendered the Superintendency of the
Tobacco Insurance Company of Cincinnati, which he ac-
cepted, and had charge of the same for one year, relin-
quishing it to become the Agent of the Great Western In-
surance Company of Chicago. He held this latter position
until the ever memorable great tire occurred, in October,

1871, which proved too much for this corporation to with-
stand, and it speedily went into liquidation, lie then be-
came connected with the American Eire Insurance Com-
pany, from which he resigned at the expiration of six
months to accept the General Agency of the Watertown
Insurance Company, and he also is connected with other
fust-class companies, which business he carries on in his
office, No. 6 West Third street, Cincinnati, lie is an en-
ergetic business man, fully acquainted with all the details
of insurance, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative
and extensive line of patronage. Iiy his industry, energy
and perseverance, and above all by a prompt settlement of
claims, he has made his office second to none in the city in
the extent ol its business operations, lie was married in
Cincinnati, May 30th, 1849, to Ann M„ daughter of
Robert W. Orr, of that city.

STEP, JOSIAII M., Lawyer, was born, February
19th, 1829, in Washington county, Pennsylvania,
and is the eldest son of James S. and Sarah
(Gaston) Estep, both natives of the same county
and State. Ilis father was a doctor of medicine,
and was engaged in professional duties until his
death, which occurred in September, 1875. Josiah worked
on a farm until he was seventeen years of age, attending
school in winter. In 1S4O he commenced teaching school
in his native county, and was so occupied during two
winters, and during his leisure hours devoted himself to the
study of general literature. In 1848 he entered Washing-
ton College, Pennsylvania, ^here he remained nearly two
years, principally engaged in the study of mathematics and
the sciences. In 1851 he commenced the study of law
under the preceptorship of John P. Penney, a prominent
attorney-at-law, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was so
occupied for about two years, when he removed to Ohio, in
1853, ami settled at Cadiz, where he continued his legal
studies for a year under the supervision of Samuel G. Pep-
pa rd, of that place, lie passed a satisfactory examination
at Columbus, Ohio, in 1854, and was admitted to the bar.
11c immediately commenced the practice of his profession
in Cadiz, where he has since resided, and where he has
established an extensive and lucrative line of patronage.
He was the Democratic candidate for Congress in 1S68,
but his opponent, Hon. John II. Bingham, succeeded, al-
though the contest was a very close one. In 1871 he was
the nominee of the same party for Judge of the Common
Pleas, where the contest wax again very close, as he ran
some four hundred votes ahead of the State ticket, but the
county was largely Republican. lie is a man of great
energy, of unimpeachable character and of fidelity in bad-
ness, and ranks as one of the most prominent lawyers of
Harrison county.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

6 1 6

NDI.ETON, HON. GEORGE II., Lawyer ami
Si. lie-small, was born in Cincinnati in 1825. 1 1 is

grandfather, Nathaniel Pendleton, was a native
nf New York, ami was the intimate personal
ami pnliiic.il frieml ol Alexamler I laniillon, ami
was hi-, secoml in llie duel with Aaron llurr, in
which he lost his life, in 1804. lie was an officer in the
revolutionary army, and served as Aide-de-Camp to Gen-
eral Greene in his glorious campaign in the South. He
was the first Federal District Judge in Georgia, and
was appointed hy President Washington. 1 1 is father was
Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, a leading and eminent Whig,
who defeated Dr. Duncan for Congress in Cincinnati, in
the celebrated contest of 1S40. Descended from such an-
cestry, politically, it would not have been surprising had
Mr. Pendleton imbibed the same views and party tenets,
liut he was one who thought for himself, was governed by
no extraneous influences, and from mature conviction em-
braced the Democratic creed and cast his first vote with
that party, lie received his education mainly in Wood-
ward College and in the old Cincinnati College, but he
afterwards took courses of study at Heidelberg and Berlin,
in Germany, lie then began the study of law in the office
of Stephen l-ales, of Cincinnati, and was admitted to the
bar in 1847, immediately after which lie formed a partner-
ship with George E. Pugh, since United Slates Senator
from Ohio. In 1853 Mr. Pendleton began his political
career by accepting the Democratic nomination for the State-
Senate from Hamilton county. The whole ticket on which
he was placed was elected by many thousand majority.
Although the youngest member of that body, and entirely
new to its service, he at once took a prominent pi sition in
its deliberations, and well sustained the high anticipation
of those instrumental in his election. So favorable was the
impression produced that, while yet in the Senate, he was
nominated for the House of Representatives in Congress
from the First District, in Hamilton county. This was a
great honor, in view of the high character of the men who,
for a series of years, had been its representatives. The
issue of this election was unfortunate to Mr. Pendleton.
The anti-Nebraska tornado swept over the country with ir-
resistible force, and he, as well as other Democrats, was
badly beaten. In 1856, at the next Congressional election,
he was unanimously selected to bear the standard of his
party, and was elected by a flattering vote. He took his
seat in the Ilutise of Representatives in December, 1857,
in the early part of James Buchanan’s administration.
Stormy times were ahead. Ultraism, both North and
South, was surging against the ship of state. Mr. Pendle-
ton’s course was soon decided upon. It was moderate
and conservative, having in view the preservation of the
Union by maintaining amity among the States. I11 1858
he was nominated a third time for Congress, his competitor
this time being T. C. Day, who in 1854 had defeated him.
The contest was sharp and generally unfortunate to the

'.'■I 1

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Democracy, Mr. Pendleton being the only candidate on the
ticket who was elected. In 1860, in the breaking up of
the Democratic party tit the Charleston Convention, he
warmly sustained Mr. Douglas, and was nominated by that
wing ol the parly for re election to Congress. 1 1 is main
competitor was Judge Oliver M. Spencer, of the Superior
Court of Cincinnati ; and, although a considerable portion
of the county ticket was defeated, he was again elected.
While serving his third term in Congress the civil war oc-
curred. His position was similar to that held by the great
mass of his political friends. In 1861 the Democracy were
overwhelmingly beaten in Hamilton county, and in 1S62
there seemed to be little hope of the party being able to
elect Mr. Pendleton again, lie was, however, unanimously
nominated. 1 1 is opponent was Colonel John Groexbeck,
but Mr. Pendleton was again successful. 'Phis was his fifth
nomination, an unusual number where the doctrine of ro-
tation had so long prevailed, lie was prominently spoken
of for Speaker of the House, but the Republican ascen-
dency in that body prevented any serious effort being made
in his behalf. He was appointed upon the Committee of
Ways and Means, on which it was usual to assign the
strongest and ablest members. 11c had already served on
the Judiciary and Military Committees, the two other lead-
ing committees of the House. In 1864 there was a strong
feeling in favor of him as the candidate of the party for the
Presidency. But the majority of the delegates were in favor
of a military man, and the result was that Mr. Pendleton
was nominated for the Vice- Presidency, with General
George B. McClellan as the candidate for President, lie
was a delegate at large from his State to this convention.
'Plie issue of the election was of course adverse, only Del-
aware, New Jersey and Kentucky casting their votes for
McClellan and Pendleton. On the 4th of March, 1S65, his
fourth term of service in the national House expired. lie-
had long been regarded as the leader of his party in the
House, and his retirement was the cause of general regret.
In 1S66 the Democratic State Central Committee of Ohio
elected him a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention.
This appointment he declined to accept. The time for
another Congressional election had now rolled around ; and
in view of the importance of the next Congress, and the
belief that Mr. Pendleton was the best and strongest man
that could be selected, he again received the nomination
of his party. He ran ahead of his ticket, as usual, but was
defeated. In 1S67 there were strong indications favorable
to his nomination by his party for President of the United
States. Plie Ohio delegates to the National Convention
were instructed to vote for him, and before the convening
of the convention at New York, on the 4th of July, 1868,
several other States had instructed their delegates to vote
for him, and his name stood first among the candidates.
After a protracted balloting his name was withdrawn and
Horatio Seymour was made the nominee of the- party. In
1869 the Democratic Slate of Ohio nominated General

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

617

Rosccrans for Governor. That gentleman declined, and, at
the unanimous reijuesl of the Slate Central Committee and
other leading men of the parly, Mr. Pendleton consented
to accept the gubernatorial nomination. lie was unable to
make a canvass of the Stale, and was unsuccessful. In 1871
lie was President of the convention in which the Democ-
racy of Ohio made the famous new departure platform, and
declared their acquiescence in the new amendments to the
Constitution. Since that time his private business has pre-
vented him from taking an active interest in political
affairs. This has been necessarily a brief statement of Mr.
Pendleton's political career. Endowed by nature with a
strong and vigorous intellect, it has been assiduously im-
proved by cultivation and study, and by scholastic and
educational polish. There are few men who have less
weakness and frailty, and whose minds are more completely
developed. Calm and self-possessed, he is seldom be-
trayed into excitement, and always acts under the dominion
of reason, instead of passion. He is moderate and con-
servative in his views, but indexible and determined in
adhering to them. Dignified in his deportment, yet
modest and unassuming, he is always courteous to op-
ponents. 11 is speeches anil public addresses have been
marked by great logical and oratorical strength, and clas-
sical purity of style. His social qualities are very attrac-
tive, his address and personal appearance fine, and his
hosts of friends who take pride in his past career, regarding
him as one of the most promising statesmen of his time,
look forward with hope and confidence to the future that
will bring for him still higher honors and a more brilliant
position in the affairs of the country, lie was married in
1846 to Alice Key, daughter of Francis Scott Key, of Bal-
timore, and has three children, one son and two daughters.

fj; ^

y/j'Vft- ACKEY, JOHN, Lawyer, was born, January 7th,
o.JL . iStS, in Warren county, New Jersey. He is the
^ I son of Lewis and Margaret (Campbell) Mackey.

’ ^ lie laid the foundation of his education in a dis-

trict school. The family emigrated to Erie county,
Ohio, when John was about eighteen years of age.
Here he attended school at Milan, preparing himself for
college. Leaving school at the age of twenty-two he en-
tered the law office of Messrs. Beecher & Cooke. He was
admitted to practise in 1846, opening a law office in San-
dusky. At this time he also entered into partnership with
Messrs. Mills & Ross in the publication of the Daily Dem-
ocratic Mirror. He severed his connection with that paper
in the spring of 1849. Since that time he has devoted
himself exclusively to the law, in which his labors have
been well rewarded. He was for six years Prosecuting
Attorney of Erie county, and was six years in the City
Council of Sandusky, being President of that body for four
years. He is at present a member of the Board of Educa-
78

lion of Sandusky. In early life Mr. Mackey was a Dem-
ocrat. When General Cass, however, was nominated, in
1848, he cast his personal influence and that of his news-
paper in favor of Martin Van Buren as the Eree-Soil candi-
date fur the Presidency. He bus been an ardent member
of the Republican party since its organization, taking an
active interest in public affairs. In whatever position he
has been placed he has acquitted himself creditably. Oc-
tober 24th, 1849, he married Violetta Mackey, in Erie
county, Ohio.

EWEY, I ION. CIIAUNCEY, Lawyer and Presi-
dent of the Harrison National Bank of Cadiz,
Ohio, was born, March 27th, 1796, near Nor-
wich, Connecticut, and is a son of the late
Eiiphalet and Rachel (Hyde) Dewey. Ilis
father was a native of Windham county, Con-
necticut, who was a farmer by occupation, and removed
from Connecticut in 1798 to Otsego county, New' York,
where he settled on the Susquehanna river, in that county,
where he lived until 1 834, and then proceeded to Oswego
county, in the same State. In 1836 he went to Ohio and
located in Cadiz, Harrison county, where he died in 1837.
lie was a soldier in the revolutionary war. Ilis wife was
a native of Norwich, Connecticut, a lineal descendant of
Chancellor Hyde, of England; she survived her husband
ten years, having died in Cadiz in 1847. Chauncey worked
on the farm until he was eighteen years old, attending
school in the winter. In 1814 he was drafted into a mil-
itary company, and marched to Saekett’s Harbor to repel
an anticipated attack of the British, and was in service
about seven weeks. O11 his\eturn he entered Ilartwich
Academy, in Otsego county, New York, where he pursued
a course of literary study until the summer of 1818, and
became proficient in the classics. In the same year he
passed the requisite examinations prior to entering the
junior class of Union College, Schenectady, New York,
then under the supervision of the celebrated Dr. Eiiphalet
Nott. He graduated from that institution in 1820, and in
the same year commenced the study of law at Coopers-
town, Otsego county, under the preceptorship of Samuel
Starkweather, a prominent attorney of that place, and con-
tinued so engaged for a year, and in 1821 removed to
Cadiz, Ohio, where he completed his legal studies, and was
admitted to the bar in the following year. He immediately
entered upon the practice of his profession in Cadiz, and so
continued until 1845, being a partner for a number of years
with the late Hon. Edwin M. Stanton. In 1845 he became
connected with the Harrison branch of the State Bank of
Ohio, at Cadiz, and soon afterwards was elected its Presi-
dent. He devoted the greater portion of his time to the
interests of this institution until 1865, when its business was
closed and the Harrison National Bank was organized as
its successor, of which he was elected President, and has so

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6i8

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

continued until the present time, beside being its jui ucip:il
.stockholder. lie is ,ds<> largely interested as a shareholder
in the I 'ill'll iui|;h, ( ineinn.ili A St, Louis Railroad t'oin-
p my ; in the |ellerson Insnranee Company ol Steubenville;
in the 1'ianklin Inananee Company ol Wheeling; and also
in the Amazon Insurance Company of Cincinnati, lie lias
been more or less a contributor to colleges and theological
schools. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1841
to 1843, resigning before the expiration of his term of ser-
vice. He has never aspired to any political office. In
politics he is a Republican, and gave his first Presidential
vote, in 1S24, in favor of John Quincy Adams. He is a
Presbyterian in religious belief. He is a man of the most
inflexible integrity and unimpeachable character; he has
always led a temperate life, and, though he has passed his
eightieth year, is still active and energetic in his business.
He was married in February, 1823, to Nancy, daughter of
John Pritchard, formerly of Fayette county, Pennsylvania,
but who was one of the pioneer settlers of Harrison county,
Ohio, whither he removed in 1807. He is the father of ten
children.

LONE, FELIX G., Lawyer, was born, July 2Sth,
1S26, in Goshen, Clermont county, Ohio, lie
was the third of seven children born to William
Slone and Rachel Mann. William Slone was a
native of Hamilton county, Ohio, and by voca-
tion a farmer, lie moved to Clermont county
in 1808, and subsequently to Peoria county, Illinois, where
he died in 1872. Rachel Mann Slone was a native of
Bullett county, Kentucky. The subject of this notice was
engaged on a farm until he was nineteen years old, attend-
ing school in the winter. The next three years he passed
in Martinsville, Clinton county, teaching school in the
winter and attending school as a pupil during the summer.
In 1850 Mr. Slone began merchandising at Westborough,
Clinton county, and was thus engaged for about three years.
Dining these years he was industriously devoting his spare
time to reading law. After his admission to the bar, in
1853, lie was ch icily engaged in school teaching until 1858.
He then went to Georgetown, Brown county, where he re-
mained in the practice of his profession until 1S61. As
Second Lieutenant of Company K, 70th Regiment Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, he went to the front and was in active
service for nearly three years, participating in the battles
of Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth and Vicksburg. By meri-
torious conduct he earned a first lieutenant’s and then a
captain's commission. He was honorably discharged from
the service in 1863, and returned to Georgetown, Brown
county, where lie remained until October of 1S65. He
then located in Wilmington, where he has since made his
home and secured a large practice. In politics he is a
Republican. Mr. Slone is a valuable citizen, and is re-
garded as a man of stiict integrity, lie is dignified in

bearing, and yet affable and courteous in intercourse with
his fellows. In tSqS he married Kale Hudson, of Clinton
county.

— +<s+

IECK, WILLIAM VIRGIL, Lawyer and ex-Judge,
I was born, April 1 6th, 1804, at Cayuga, New York,
j! 1 1 is parents were Virgil and Mary (Wallace)
•) Peek, and he was the youngest of their three
0 children. Both parents were natives of Litch-
field, Connecticut. They settled in Cayuga, New
York, in 1802, and there Virgil Peck died in September,
1804. lie was of English extraction, and at the time of
his death was a merchant in that place. After his death
his widow, in 1808, married Dr. Abel Catlin, of Litchfield,
Connecticut, who died in 1S56. She then removed to
Portsmouth, Ohio, and resided there with her son William
until her death, which took place in tS6o. The boyhood
of William Virgil Peck was passed at Litchfield, Connecti-
cut. He attended the district school there until he had
passed beyond its educational resources. He then studied
the classics at the Pierce Academy and at the South Farms
Academy in Litchfield. In 1816 he went to Watertown,
New York, where he entered a store as clerk, lie re-
mained at Watertown, employed in that capacity, for about
three years. In the year 1819 he returned to Connecticut
and obtained a situation as clerk at Winsted, in that Slate,
and continued in its employ until 1824, at which time he
entered the then very celebrated law school of Litchfield.
From this institution he graduated in the summer of 1826,
and almost immediately moved to Ohio, lie went to Cin-
cinnati, where he entered the law office of the late Judge
Bellamy Storer. lie remained with him until 1828, and
then, removing to Portsmouth, Ohio, he immediately en-
tered upon the practice of his profession, lie has resided
in Portsmouth ever since, and almost from the first his suc-
cess was great, llis fine natural talents, added to thorough
training and high legal attainments, won for him a sub-
stantial recognition, which manifested itself in a very
extensive practice. In February, 1S4S, lie was elected
President Judge of the Common Pleas Court of his district.
He was re-elected to the same position in 1851, and again
in 1856. He served until the spring of 1S59, when he took
his seat as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, to which
position he had been elected in 1858. No higher evidence
of the thoroughly acceptable manner in which he performed
the duties of his judicial office could be required than the
fact that his re-elections to the Common Pleas bench were
without opposition, and that in 1863 he declined a re-
election to the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1864, on
account of impaired health, he retired from all official and
professional business, and has since been living in honored
retirement at his home in Portsmouth, llis impaired physi-
cal health has not in the least affected that of his mind, and
bis sliong and biillianl mental qualities are as noticeable

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENC YCLOP/E D I A.

619

now as ever. Politically, lie is a Republican. 1 1 is first
vote was cast in 1S2S fur John Quincy Adams. Though
not an active member of any church, he has (until prevented
by bronchial trouble and ill health) been a very regular at-
tendant of either the Presbyterian or Episcopal Church, and
has always been a contributor to those institutions. 1 1 is
life Itas been always characterized by the most unquestioned
integrity, and by habits of strict temperance; and in social
life his pleasant temper, his agreeable manners ami uniform
courtesy, render him universally popular, lie was married,
July 8th, 1830, to Mary Ann Cook, of Portsmouth, Ohio.
Of their large family of children only four are at present
living.

UNE, DAVID, Machinist and Engine-Builder, was
Ag J| born, May nth, 1S24, in Ithaca, New York, and
cD II is a son of Peter June, also a native of New York,
who had formerly followed the sea, but removed
with his family to Ohio in 1S33 and settled in
Sandusky; he sailed for a few years on the lakes,
and died in 1851. David lived in Sandusky until he was
about sixteen years old. lie attended school until fourteen,
and then commenced to work in a machine shop to learn
the trade. In 1S42 he went to Cleveland, and found em-
ployment in the Cuyahoga Iron Works, and became a good
machinist and engineer, and for the next ten years was in
the service of this company during the winter, and filled the
position of engineer on the steamers of the Buffalo and
Chicago line through the summer season. By industry and
economy he laid by some money, and in 1S53 went to Fre-
mont to start in business, lie there purchased a plow shop,
and fitted it up for repairing and building engines. He was
assisted at the outset of the enterprise by an elder brother,
D. L. June, who had been a resident of that town for several
years. Business began at once, for the steamboat company,
for which he had worked, sent him engines, etc., to repair,
and orders for machinery came in from the country. The
first steam-engine in the county was built there. In 1858,
at the urgent solicitation of the Lake Superior Transporta-
tion Company, he left the business at Fremont in the care
of a partner, lately taken in, and went to Cleveland, where
he took charge of all the company’s boats, keeping them in
running order. He remained in that position until i860,
when, finding that his interests at Fremont needed his atten-
tion, he relinquished his situation at Cleveland and returned
home, where he purchased the interests of his partner and
assumed entire control of the business. In 1862 he com-
menced the erection of new works, and completed the present
buildings, now occupied, in 1867. In the meantime he asso-
ciated with him as partner Robert Braylon, an old and skil-
ful machinist, with whom he had worked in Cleveland (and
whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume).
The business has ever since been a prosperous one, and was
not seriously affected by the financial distress of 1873. Mr.

June is a superior mechanic as well as a good business man-
ager. He has made many valuable improvements in build-
ing engines. He is the patentee of a self-acting spark ar-
rester, invented in 1875, which the firm have the exclusive
right to use, and is a valuable article. The engines built by
D. June & Co., both portable and stationary, have a high
reputation ; many hundreds have been built since i860 and
shipped to all parts of the country. They have aimed to
excel in thoroughness of work and finish, and have a steady
demand. They are now (1876) building fifty portable en-
gines, of two patterns, to meet the demands of their trade.
They also build circular saw mills, etc., etc. The amount
of capital invested in the buildings, machinery, etc., is about
sixty thousand dollars, the greater part of which has been
made in the business. They give employment to between
forty and fifty men, on full time, all the year round. David
June was married, November 28th, 1844, to Caroline A.
Owen, of Painesville, Ohio, and has had two children, one
of whom only is living, a daughter of eighteen, who is still
at home.

BERMILLER, MINRAD, Physician and Surgeon,
was born, February iSth, I S 1 8, in Sclnvarzenberg,
Province of Tyrol, Austria. He is the son of
Gcphard Obermillcr, a manufacturer of woollen
goods, who for forty years carried on business
successfully. When M inrad was eight years of
age, while playing in his father’s mills, he was caught on a
wheel and had his left hand torn off, crippling the arm to
the shoulder. He laid the foundation of his education at
the district school. At the age of fourteen he entered the
university at Innsbruck, where he remained for six years.
From Innsbruck he went to the university at Gralz, where he
studied medicine and surgery, receiving his diploma in 1842.
In this year he accepted the position of Assistant Physician
in the Imperial Hospital, at Vienna. In February, 1848,
he was sent as Assistant Surgeon to the Austrian army, then
stationed at Milan, a severe fever having broken out among
the soldiers in that city. At this time began the Italian
revolution, assisted by King Charles Albert, of Sardinia. As
the war progressed, the force with which Dr. Obermiller
was serving was ordered to guard the government buildings
with their funds and records. The Hungarian revolution
breaking out at this time, the Austrian government was
obliged to divide its army. By this move the strength of its
forces were so weakened that it was found impossible to
hold the buildings at Milan. The troops at Milan were
therefore ordered to fall back to Verona, taking with them
the government funds and records. This they succeeded in
doing by resorting to a clever ruse, cutting their way through
the Italian forces and reaching Verona with the money and
records concealed about their persons. From Verona Dr.
Obermiller was ordered to join reinforcements sent to Venice.
Being a few hours in advance of the troops he paid a visit

1 ,

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620

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

to a friend, living near the powder magazine in Verona. As
soon as the inhabitants heard of the approach of more Aus-
trian troops they arose in arms, forcing the few soldiers
stationed in the city to llee to meet the coming reinforce-
ments. All communication with his regiment was cut off;
the Italians had sworn death to every Austrian in the city,
and Dr. Obermiller was obliged to take refuge in the maga-
zine, located on a small island and in charge of a corporal’s
guard of six men. After remaining here over six weeks,
the party effected a conditional surrender; left the powder
in a useless condition, and landed safely at Trieste, where
Dr. Obermiller resigned his commission, retiring honorably
from the service of his country, lie paid a short farewell
visit to his mother (his father having died while the doctor
was in the field); he started for America, via Antwerp.
After a voyage of forty-two days he landed in New York,
July 24th, 1S4S. Thence he went to Tiffin, Seneca county,
Ohio, where his brother, a priest of the Roman Catholic
Church, was stationed. Here he performed many success-
ful cures in chronic and other diseases, and built up a large
practice through northern Ohio and southern Michigan.
January 1st, 1872, Dr. Obermiller removed to Toledo, where
he has since resided, enjoying a large and lucrative practice.
During his professional career he has discovered many valu-
able remedies for fevers, consumption, lung and kidney
diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. lit 1870 he built a handsome
block on St. Clair street, Toledo, which he occupies as a
residence and office. lie has invested the greater part of
his surplus funds (all made in his practice) in Michigan and
prairie lands. May 13th, 1852, he married Mary Borke, a
finely-educated lady, of Tiffin, Ohio. lly this marriage he
has one son and three daughters. The son and eldest
daughter have shown marked talent for portrait and land-
scape painting, and have produced some works of decided
merit, without any instruction. Dr. Obermiller and his
family are held in high respect by all who know them,
being people of culture and refinement.

^AWSON, BASS, M. I)., l’hysician, was born, April
17th, 1799, in the town of Orange, Franklin
county, Massachusetts, and is a son of the late
Samuel Rawson, also a native of that State. De-
is one of five brothers, who removed from Massa-
chusetts at an early day and settled in Ohio.
Four of them were practising physicians, including Dr. L.
Q. Rawson, of Fremont (whose biographical sketch appears
elsewhere in this volume). The fifth brother was the late
Hon. Abel Rawson, an eminent lawyer of Tiffin, Ohio.
Dr. Rawson is one of the sixth generation of the Rawson
family in direct descent from Edward Rawson, who left
England in 1836, and was the honored Secretary of the
Massachusetts colony from 1650 to 1CS6. All of the Raw-
sons in the United States, with one exception only, trace

their origin to this Edward Rawson, whose descendants at
the present day, according to a genealogical book, very com-
plete, published at Boston by the family in 1875, number
over 5450 names, as recorded in the work, the youngest
being in lire ninth generation. Dr. Raw'Son's youthful days
were passed at home, working at times on a farm, and in
attendance upon the country schools. At a later period he
was placed to learn the trade of a hatter, and worked at it
until he was about twenty years old. As the business did
not agree with him, his health becoming impaired, he de-
cided to abandon it and qualify himself for a profession.
He accordingly entered the academy at New Salem and
went through a course of study, and subsequently was en-
gaged in teaching at intervals until he was about twenty-five
years of age. Having married, he went to Ravenna, Ohio,
where lie remained a few months, and then returned east-
ward as far as Otsego county, New York, where he located
in Richfield, where his wife had friends, and, having pur-
chased a small property, resumed his avocation of school
teaching, lie had, previously to leaving Massachusetts,
been reading medicine for a few months, and he now began
to study that science systematically under the supervision of
Dr. 'Thomas, of Richfield, and in 1827 attended the lectures
at Dartmouth College. In 1828 he removed to Ohio, and
sojourned for a little over a year with his brother, Dr. Secre-
tary Rawson, in practice in Medina county. In the follow-
ing year he proceeded to the new town of Findley, then in
the wilderness, anil where he finally settled. At that period
there was no practising physician, save himself, in the town,
and his advent with his family in that region is still remem-
bered by many as an occasion of rejoicing, lie entered
there upon an active practice, which continued with but
little cessation for over forty years. Though he was never
blessed with a robust constitution, his health had become
very much impaired by close application to study prior to
his removal to Ohio ; but he found great benefit in the active
life and the long horseback rides, which were then incident
to practice In a new country, where there wete no roads
worthy of the name, and by this continued healthy exercise
he gained both physical strength and endurance, lie was
for many years the leading physician in that region, and
known as a most successful practitioner. Since 1870 he has
endeavored to withdraw from active professional pursuits,
but some of bis old patrons yet insist upon receiving his
medical advice, so that he still goes out to attend such calls,
lie has always been ready to give to deserving objects, pub-
lic or private, and especially in promoting the welfare of his
own church and society. For his kindred, whether near or
distant, he entertains warm feelings of attachment, often
evidencing this to one and another, as occasion offers, in
many quiet but substantial ways. Since the death of his
wife a young niece has been his housekeeper, and lie still
resides in the plain, substantial frame-house, which was
among the first erected in Findley, on the main street, flout-
ing the public square. Locating there when the countiy was

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

621

u wilderness, lie lias endured with others the hardships and
privations of a frontier lile, hut is at last able to discern the
silver lining of the dark cloud which hung so heavily around
all in their once new Western home. lie was married, in
May, 1 Sc. 1, to Amanda Hlaekmer, of Greenwich, Massachu-
setts; she died in 1S74. Their daughter and only child,
Harriet E. Amanda, married Dr. William I). Carlin, of
Eindley, who was a surgeon in the army, and died in 1S62,
while in the service. She died in 1870, leaving three chil-
dren; one of these is a physician, and another the wife of
C. T. Doudon, a resident of Toledo.

'I EE, JAMES, Banker and Farmer, was born,
August 19th, 179S, in the county Tyrone, Ire-
land. He is the first of five children of William
Fife and Mary McCoy, birth of whom were born
and died in the county Tyrone, and were mem-
bers of the Seceder Church. The subject of this
sketch worked on a farm and attended school until he was
seventeen years of age. In 1S17 he came to America and
settled in Cincinnati, where he secured a situation as clerk
in the dry-goods store of Paxton & Pierson. In 1 8 1 S he
went to Lebanon, Warren county, where lie passed a year
as clerk in a store. January Silt, 1S19, he went to Wilming-
ton, Clinton county, where he has since resided. For two
years after settling in Wilmington Mr. Fife was engaged as
a clerk. In 1821 he purchased his employer’s slock and be-
gan business on Ids own account. II e continued in business,
sometimes being associated with a partner, until the close of
the rebellion. Since then Mr. Fife has given his attention
mainly to the care of his farm and his interests as a stock-
holder and director of the First National Bank of Wilming-
ton, together with the supervision of his extensive real estate.
He has studiously avoided a political lile, with great reluc-
tance consenting to run as a Presidential Elector for Martin
Van Buren. Formerly a Jackson Democrat, he is now a
Liberal. 1 1 is life has been marked by temperance, industry,
thrift, and integrity beyond reproach. Careful in business,
he is genial and agreeable in his social relations. November
28th, 1 S 1 9 , Mr. Fife married Jane Dillon, of North Carolina,
who died in 1830, leaving four children. In 1S31 he mar-
ried Catherine M. Moon, of Virginia. In 1S76 he married
Nancy M. Bosworth.

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jAFF, GEORGE WERTZ, Lawyer, was born in
the country, in Tuscarawas township, Stark
county, Ohio, on March 24th, 1825. 1 1 is parents

were William and Mary (Wertz) Raffcnsperger,
natives of Pennsylvania. His father’s ancestors
came to America from Westphalia, Germany, be-
fore the Revolution, in which they participated. He him-
self is the oldest of a family now consisting of four brothers

and a sister. When he was about six months old his father,
who was a blacksmith, removed to Canton, the county seat,
where he lived for six years and a half; then returned to
Tuscarawas township, and in three years moved to Bethle-
hem, in the same county. During these years George W.
attended the public schools, which were held but for three
months in the year, and in them was instructed only in the
lowest branches of an English education, llis father was
poor, and could not afford to send him to better schools.
Teachers in those days in Ohio were very inefficient, and it
was an uncommon thing to find one who could go beyond
reading, writing, and arithmetic as far as and including the
“ rule of three.” When the lad was twelve years of age his
uncle, Daniel Raffcnsperger, who had been elected County
Recorder, gave him a situation in his office, where he re-
mained several months, and was then placed in a country
store to learn the business of clerking. In 1840 his father
died, and from that time until his marriage the care of his
mother’s family, with the support of his younger brothers
and sisters, devolved upon him. When this event occurred
he was clerking in Bethlehem, and lie so continued until
the fall of 1844, when his uncle Daniel, who was Clerk of
the county courts, offered him the Deputy-Clerkship, which
he accepted. During the years of his mercantile clerkship
he had endeavored to improve every moment of leisure in
reading, and otherwise “ making tip” for his lack of educa-
tion. But the range of books to which lie had access was
very limited, and it was not until he entered his uncle’s
office, and obtained the advantages afforded by a residence
in a county town of some proportions, that be was able to
make much progress in the course of self-education which
he had planned out, and to which his limited circumstances
confined him. lie remained Deputy-Clerk for six years.
In 1S48 he was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court for
the county, and filled the office in connection with his dep-
utyship. He also commenced the study of the law in this
year. In 1850 the members of his grandfather’s family,
then living, with one exception, and a number of others
bearing the same name, consummated a purpose which they
had long had under consideration, namely, an abbreviation
of the family name. For many years previously they had
been familiarly known by the name of “Raff,” and this
had become so universal that the name was even more fre-
quently thus written by their friends than the correct one,
and strangers being thus often misled, much embarrassment
was caused the family. In addition, the different branches
of the family were spelling the full name so variously that
confusion was created, while investigation disclosed that the
original name of the family was “ Ravensberg.” These
considerations induced the change, which was accomplished
without legislative action, and without causing the least in-
convenience to themselves or friends. In 1850 George W.
Raff was admitted to the bar, and in the fall of the succeed-
ing year he was elected Probate Judge of the county. Dur-
ing his term of office he conceived the purpose of preparing

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

a “Guide for Executors and Administrators in the Slate of
Ohio,” which he subsequently (in 1857) carried into effect,
lie remained in office until February, 1855, when he en-
tered upon the practice of law at Canton, Ohio. On De-
cember I Slh, 1S55, he was married to Belinda J., daughter
of Frederick A. and Rebecca Schneider. Two sons, one
nineteen and the other seventeen years of age, are the fruits
of this marriage, which has been a very happy one, his part-
ner being a truly noble woman. He continued in the prac-
tice of law until the spring of 1871, during which time he
prepared three additional works — a “Pension Manual;”
“ Road-Laws of Ohio,” and “ War Claimant’s Guide.”
The “Guide to Executors and Administrators” has run
into the fourth edition, and the road-book into a second.
Both have become standard authority in the State. In 1871,
finding that the demands of a heavy legal practice were
seriously threatening his health, as well as wearing upon his
mental faculties, he accepted the position of legal adviser
and confidential secretary to Cornelius Aullman, Esq., the
well-known manufacturer of agricultural implements and
owner of a large number of valuable patents. In this posi-
tion, which he still occupies, he has found the relief from
mental strain which lie sought in accepting it. He is a man
of large ability, anti is highly respected and esteemed in a
wide circle as a lawyer, a citizen and a gentleman.

ASSETT, EDWARD P., Lawyer, was born, Oc-
tober 221I, 1 S I S, in the State of New York, of New
England parentage ; both father and mother were
natives of New Haven county, Connecticut. He
removed to Ohio in 1831, and located at first in
Portage county, of which he was elected Sheriff in
1839, and served in that office until 1845. Meanwhile he
read law under the supervision of lion. Luther Day, after-
wards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, lie was ad-
mitted to practice in 1845, and two years thereafter removed
to Toledo, where he has ever since resided, and was con-
stantly engaged in the practice of his profession until 1861.
lie was admitted to the bar of the United States Circuit
Court in 1854, and to that of the United States Supreme
Court, at Washington, District of Columbia, March 7th,
1 S61 . He was commissioned, May 16th, 1861, by President
Lincoln, Postmaster of Toledo, and retained that position
until July, 1865. His political predilections led him to adopt
the tenets of the old Whig party, and when it ceased to exist
he adopted the principles of Republicanism. lie regards
the most exciting and imposing public events, of which he
was an eye-witness, to have been the Fort Meigs Political
Convention of 1840; the Chicago Convention, that nomi-
nated Lincoln in i860; and his inauguration at Washington
in 1861 ; while the impromptu gathering of the citizens of
Toledo, at White’s Hall, on the receipt of the news of the
President’s assassination, April 15th, 1S61, he deems the

i

most solemn and impressive scene lie ever witnessed. Hav-
ing been an active participant in partisan politics fora quarter
of a century, he is impressed with the truth of the saying of
Confucius, that “ The superior man is catholic, and no par-
tisan ; ” ami that great good would result to our republic
could all violent partisans be similarly impressed.

SLLBRITAIN, RICHARD LEE, School Superin-
tendent, was born, June 1 8th, 1839, in Muskin-
gum county, Ohio, of American parentage. Ilis
j father was a farmer by occupation, who removed
v ^ 0 from Virginia about 1825. Richard lived on a
farm until he was twenty years old, and attended
school during the winter seasons. In 1859 he commenced
teaching the common school in Guernsey county. During
the civil war he entered the army as a private soldier,
August 22(1, 1861, and participated in many engagements,
lie was severely wounded at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May
20th, 1863. Having recovered, he rejoined his regiment
and served with them until honorably discharged, August
24th, 1S65. During his four years' connection with the
army he served as private, corporal, sergeant and quarter-
master, and in May, 1865, was commissioned as First Lieu-
tenant. After his return to civ il life he attended Muskingum
College during 1866, and then resumed his avocation as a
school teacher. In 1S69 he was elected Auditor of Noble
county, Ohio ; but having favored the nomination of Horace
Greeley in 1872, was defeated at the election, having been
again a candidate for the same office. He is at present
Superintendent of the Caldwell schools, having been chosen
to that position in the spring rtf 1873, and these seminaries
have improved much under his supervision. He has been
an industrious, painstaking, useful citizen, and has risen to
his present position by his own efforts, never having received
any assistance whatever, lie was married, October 7th,
1867, to Mrs. Mary E. Ilalley.

ODGERS, ROBERT, M. D., was born in Cumber-
land county, Pennsylvania, September 26th, 1807.
His parents were James and Jane (Quigley) Rod-
gers, both natives of Pennsylvania. He received
his education in a private school in Shippensburg,
and began the study of medicine in a private office
in the same town. Having attended lectures at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, he received his diploma from that
institution in 1828, and immediately began practice at New
Hope, Bucks county, where he remained three years.
Thereafter he practised at Newville for one year, and then
moving West settled for a year at Portsmouth, Ohio, leav-
ing there for Springfield in 1833, where he has ever since
remained. There is little to be said of a life as quiet as

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

623

that which ordinarily falls to the lot of a physician. Dr.
Rodgers’ life has been successful, and happily the life of a
doctor cannot he successful without being useful, lie at -
lived in Springfield when the city was a mere village, and
has been identified with its growth and progress. Just be-
fore moving there in the spring of 1833 he returned to
Pennsylvania, and married Eflie Harrison, of Lebanon
county. With her he has seven children : John II. ; Isaac
Ward; Richard llenry; James Godman-; Prances; Sarah
Elizabeth ; and one who died in infancy.

ALEY, PATRICK FRANCIS, M. D., Physician,
Surgeon, and Coroner of Hamilton county, Ohio,
was born in county Mayo, Ireland, January 15th,
1S3S, and attended school in that county until he
reached his fourteenth year, when he emigrated
with family to the United States. Upon their
arrival in 1851, they settled in Hamilton county, Ohio,
where Mr. Matey’s education was completed. It was scho-
lastic in character, and embraced a number of the higher
branches of study. Upon leaving school he went to learn
the drug business with J. P. White, of Cincinnati, with
whom he remained seven years, mastering in that lime all
the details of that trade, and graduating from the College
of Pharmacy, lie then commenced to read medicine with
Dr. John A. Thacher, of the same city, and during his
course of reading attended the Cincinnati College of Medi
cine and Surgery, from which he graduated with the degree
of M. D. in 1861. lie at once engaged in practice, but
within a short time of his entrance upon professional duties
was appointed Assistant-Surgeon in the United States navy,
and was assigned to the western flotilla. At Helena, Ar-
kansas, he contracted the swamp fever, and in the latter
part of 1862 was compelled to resign from the service.
Upon his recovery he resumed practice in Cincinnati, which
was continued for a short time, and was then again inter-
rupted by his application to Assistant Surgeon-General
Wood, whose head-quarters were at St. Louis, for a position.
H iving pissed the requisite examination and being found
fully qualified, he was assigned to duly at Jefferson Bar-
racks, Missouri. On September 221I, 1863, he was ordered
to join Kosecrans at Chattanooga, and did so just before the
battle of Chickamauga. As a token of the esteem of the
officers and patients of his hospital at Jefferson Barracks,
they presented him before his departure for the South with
a silver ice pitcher and salver. On his way to Chattanooga
he had to travel seventy miles over the mountains on foot,
and lost all his instruments and personal effects by the cap-
ture of the wagon train accompanying him and his compan-
ions by the enemy. Upon arriving at Kosecrans’ head-
quarters he was immediately placed on duty at Cutchfield
Hotel, which had been converted into a hospital. He was
subsequently ordered to escort a train of sick and wounded

men to Nashville, Tennessee, where he resigned in 1864.
lie a third time entered upon his professional practice, and
carried it on with great success, enjoying in a comparatively
short lime a very large patronage. He was chosen a mem-
ber of the Board of Education of Cincinnati, and served
with distinction for five years, having been three times re-
elected. In 1867 he was elected to the City Council from
the Fourth ward, and was re-elected in 1868, and served
with credit and efficiency. Upon the expiration of his term
of office in 1870, he devoted his whole time and energy to
his professional calling until the death of Dr. Dougherty,
County Coroner, in the latter part of 1872, when he was
appointed to (ill the vacancy. At the general election in
1873 he was chosen to the same office, and in October,
1874, was re-elected for two years, and now exercises the
duties of the office. He has shown his complete qualifica-
tion for this public trust, and the honors of the re-elections
conferred upon him by the public, indicate that the people
of Cincinnati are amply satisfied with the care and fidelity
with which he discharges his duties. He was married on
April 23d, 1861, to Josephine E., daughter of A. C. Hol-
combe, a native of Virginia, who was one of the early set-
tlers of Cincinnati.

YERS, miLIP VAN NESS, Lawyer and Author,
was born, August 10th, 1S46, at Tribes Hill,
Montgomery county, New A'ork. His father,
Jacob Myers, was a physician, and of Dutch
descent. Through his mother he was allied to
the Morris family, whose genealogy, carefully
preserved in some of its branches, is carried back to Elystan
Glodrydd, a British chieftain, prince of Ferbys, founder of
the fourth royal tribe of Wales. The ancestor of the branch
of the family in America was Thomas Morris, who arrived
in Massachusetts in 1637. The following year he removed
from Boston to Quinnipiac, now New Haven, where he
purchased the tract of land still known as Morris’s Point.
In 1S50 the parents of Philip Van Ness Myers removed to
Saratoga Springs, where lie received his first academic
training. Completing his preparation for college at Ilallston
Spa, New York, lie entered Williams College, Massachusetts,
in 1866, becoming a member of the class of ’6S. W bile a
student at Williams he was chosen by the Lyceum of Natu-
ral History of that institution a member of a scientific expe-
dition to South America. The party, comprising seven
persons, made an adventurous and successful journey across
the continent along the line of the equator. Philip Myers
in connection with his brother, II. M. Myers, gave the
public the results of this expedition in a volume entitled
“ Life and Nature under the Tropics.” At the close of his
college course he assumed the principalship of Pompey
Academy, New York, giving up this position after one year
to take charge of Naples Academy in the same State. The
year 1871 he spent at William-down, Massachusetts, devot-

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624

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

ing himself to studies preparatory to a contemplated tour
around the world. In 1872, accompanied l>y the brother
already mentioned as his companion in South American
travels, he visited Europe, anil the following year made ex-
tended journeys through several of the Countries of Asia
which lie out of the usual course of travellers. The sites
of Palmyra, Nineveh, Babylon, and l’erscpolis were visited,
and several months were spent by the brothers among the

I limalayas of India, the hot season of the Indian year being
thus turned to account in botanical and geological studies.

I I is brother having died of fever in India, P. V. N. Myers
upon his return home commenced the preparation of a his-
tory which should embrace the results of their united travels
in Asia. This work, under the title “ Remains of Lost
Empires,” was issued by Harper & Brothers in the fall of
1874. The work soon passed through two editions. While
engaged in the preparation of the above-named volume for
the press, Mr. Myers was prosecuting the study of the law
at the Yale Law School. He here divided with a fellow-
student the prize, open to both classes, for the best essay on
the constitutional law of the United States. In 1S74 he re-
moved to Columbus, Ohio, continuing there his legal
studies. '1'he following year lie was married to Ida C. Miller,
of Puinpey Hill, New York. He was admitted to the bar
in 1S75, and is at present engaged in the practice of the
law at Columbus, Ohio.

| ILKISON, DAVID, Lake Captain and Farmer,
was born, February 23d, 1800, in Warren county,
New York. He lost both parents in early youth,
and was left to his own resources, consequently
he received but a limited education. When four-
teen years old he went to Cleveland, and the fol-
lowing year shipped on the schooner “ Black Snake,” under
his uncle, Jacob Wilkison, and in 1815 that vessel landed
at Swan Creek some passengers who settled at Perrysburg
on the Maumee river. This was just at the close of the war
with Great Britain, and Fort Meigs was then garrisoned by
United States troops. Fishing was the principal occupation
of the inhabitants. When seventeen years of age he was
promoted to the command of the “ Black Snake,” and to
that of the schooner “ Pilot ” in the following year. This
latter vessel plied between the Maumee river and Buffalo.

lie continued to sail different vessels until 1835; among
these was the schooner “ Eagle,” which he had built, in
1828, at Port Lawrence, now Toledo. In 1835 he took
command of the steamer “ Commodore Perry,” which
traded between Buffalo and Chicago for ten years, and he
then was transferred to the “ Superior,” in which he re-
mained until 1852, when he retired from the lakes, and
went to his farm near Perrysburg. He subsequently had
charge of the lighthouse in Maumee Bay for two years. He
suffered fur some years from loss of eyesight, which was
partially relieved by an operation, a year or two previous to

his death. During his long career he was known as one of
the oldest and most popular of lake captains, and was a man
of great kindness of heart and geniality of disposition,
whereby he won his way to the esteem of his acquaintances.
Ilis independence of character ever prompted him to self-
reliance and unremitting efforts. After a residence of fifty-
eight years on the Maumee river he passed away amid a
scene which contrasted greatly with that which fust pre-
sented itself to his youthful eye. lie was married, Novem-
ber 27th, 1827, to Caroline M., daughter of John G. Forbes,
who had removed, in 1825, from Manlius, Onondaga county,
New York, to Port Lawrence, Ohio. He was the father
of five children, all of whom are living: William D., the
eldest son, is in Toledo; Emeline IE, wife of Isaac R.
Thompson, of Perrysburg; Sarah. IE, wife of II. II. Dodge,
of the same place; John E. Wilkison, of the firm of Foster
& Co., bankers, of Fostoria ; and Caroline M., wife of Earl
W. Murray, of Bowling Green, Ohio. Captain Wilkison
died in Perrysburg, September 8th, 1873; his widow yet
survives him.

EBB, JOHN, was born, August 27th, 1795, in
Maiden Lane, New York city. He is the son of
John Webb, who like his wife was a native of
Pennsylvania. The father was a hatter in New
York city until 179S, when he engaged in business
in Hagerstown, Maryland. About 1799 the
family removed to Durstown, Northumberland county,
Pennsylvania. Shortly after they went to Youngmanstown,
in the same county, where tjiey remained until 1814, when
they settled in Canton, Stark county, Ohio. Young John,
who was the second of fourteen children, went to district
school until lie was sixteen years old, when he began to
learn the trade of a hatter with his father, with whom he re-
mained as a journeyman until he was twenty-four years old,
when his father took him into partnership. In 1822 the
son sold out his interest and went to Perrysburg, Wood
county. Perrysburg had been laid out five years before,
but it was little more than a town in imagination, without
inhabitants. Mr. Webb helped to raise the first log house
in Perrysburg, where lie arrived with a cash capital of 81.25.
He was variously employed until 1824, when with the scanty
savings of two years he bought tools and began business as
hatter. This he continued until 1828, when he was
elected Sheriff of Wood county, filling the position satisfac-
torily for two terms. From 1832 until 1842 he was Clerk
of the County Court. In the latter year he was elected
Sheriff for a third time, serving four years. In 1848 he
was elected County Clerk again, and held the office until
i860, lie has since led a quiet life, giving his attention
chiefly to farming. At the advanced age of eighty-one,
after the hardships of pioneer life and an active public
career, he enjoys good health in the retirement of a comfort-
able home in Perrysburg. lie still writes a remarkably

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1SIOGRAHIICAL ENCYCLOl’.E DI A.

625

plain hand Ik- has been married three times : March Slh,
1S21, to Elizabeth Chailes, at Canton, Ohio; July iSlh,
1S34, to Maiy l>ean; Fcbmary 23d, 1 S5 1 , to Mary A.
Jones; the two latter of Perryslmrg. Eighteen children, ol
whom eight are now living, have been born to him.

ODGERS, JOHN IE, M. D., son of Dr. Robert
Rodgers,' was born at Springfield, Ohio, August
19th, 1834. lie received his education at the
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, graduating in the
class of 1S53, and at once began the study of
medicine in Philadelphia at the University of
Pennsylvania, the same institution whence his father had
graduated twenty-eight years before, lie took his diploma
in 1S56, and returning to Springfield, immediately joined
his father in the practice of his profession. October, 1861,
he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 44th Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteers. 1 1 is service while in this commis-
sion was principally with his regiment in West Virginia and
Kentucky. In the spring of 1S63 he was promoted to Sur-
geon, and transferred to the 104th Ohio Volunteer Infantry,
joining the army of Burnside in East Tennessee, and par-
ticipating in the Atlanta campaign in the following year,
lie retired from the service, December, 1864,011 the expira-
tion of his term, and resumed his practice in Springfield.
After his promotion he became chief of the operating staff
of the 2d Division of the 23d Army Corps. The expe-
rience acquired during his three years’ service was both ex-
tensive and varied, and has doubtless materially contributed
to the high reputation he sustains among the faculty. May
2 1 st, 1857, he married Jane M. Sturgeon, of Cumberland
county, Pennsylvania who died October 20th, 1869, leaving
two sons.

HEELER, SAMUEL C., Lawyer, was born in
Greencastlc, Fairfield county, Ohio, September
Huh, 1S2S. I Ex parents were natives of America
ami traced their ancestry to Germany, Wales and
Englam l. He received a partial education in
the district schools located in the neighborhood
of his home; but secured much of his general literary
knowledge through his own unassisted efforts. Upon relin-
quishing school life at an early age, he worked on a farm
until his eighteenth year was attained, when he moved to
Lancaster, Ohio, where he was apprenticed to learn the art
of saddle and harness making. After having served his
time, he continued to work at his trade, travelling through
Ohio and Michigan, until he found himself in Sandusky,
Erie county, Ohio. When about twenty-eight years of age,
he commenced, in 1856, the study of law in the office of
Judge A. W. Hendry, under whose supervision he pursued
his studies with untiring ardor and perseverance. 11c was
79

admitted to practise in the State Courts in 1859, and about
the year 1871 was admitted to practise in the United Stales
District < unit at Cleveland, Ohio. He is now one of the
leading lawyers in Sandusky, and is widely recognized as an
able and a trustworthy practitioner and solicitor of patents.
He also controls a large business in the collection of pen-
sions, etc., and as a collection and insurance agent. His
principles and sentiments attach him now to the Republican
party, although until the outbreak of the rebellion he was a
supporter of the Democratic organization. In the spring of
1861, desirous of throwing in his assistance toward support-
ing the national government and the venerated constitution,
he enlisted as a private soldier in the 7th Regiment of Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, and remained with it in this capacity
until the following winter, when he was made Orderly Ser-
geant. June 9th, 1862, he was wounded at the battle of
Port Republic, Shenandoah valley, while in Shields’ Divi-
sion, 3d Brigade, General E. B. Tyler commanding. He
then received a furlough, and returned to his home. Ulti-
mately, in the spring of 1863, he was discharged from the
service, in consequence of disability resulting from his
wound. He has held several local offices of trust in San-
dusky, Ohio, and is one of the most influential and re-
spected citizens of the town, lie was married, February
241I1, 1861, to Mahala J. Karshner, of Sandusky, Ohio.

ERKINS, JOHN, a resident of Athens, Athens
county, Ohio, was born on the 27th of December,
1791, in Leicester, Vermont, and was the fifth of

Ta^.c) the ten children of I^r. Eliphaz and Lydia (Fitch)

^ 0 Perkins. Dr. Perkins was born on the 21st of

CD

August, 1753, in Norwich, Connecticut; his wife,
Lydia, was born, June 14, 1760, in Canterbury, Connecticut,
at which place they were married on the 17th of Septem-
ber, 1780. Dr. Perkins was educated and it is believed
graduated at one of the Eastern colleges. Soon after leav-
ing college he entered into mercantile business; but being
unfortunate, and sustaining a heavy loss at sea, he aban-
doned the business, and commenced the study of medicine,
and as soon as duly qualified entered upon the duties of the
medical profession, and continued to discharge them with
faithfulness and skill until advanced age. lie removed
with his family to Ohio in 1799, locating temporarily in
Marietta, where he remained a few months, and where his
wife died, leaving on his hands nine children, two of which,
twins, were infants, born in Reading, Pennsylvania, while
the family were on their journey. Their first child had died
in infancy. In 1800 he visited Athens, at that time called
Middletown, purchased a cabin home, and soon after re-
moved his family to it. At one time after he settled there,
there was only one other family on the plot where the town
of Athens now stands ; there had been two or three others,
but they had left, and their cabins were empty. At an early

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1510GRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

tl ilc a postulfuc was established in the place, and soon
alter l>r, Petkins was appointed Postmaster, which office he
held eighteen or twenty years. Some two years alter the
death of Ills Inst wife he married Catharine lircene, a na-
tive of Rhode Island, and near kin of General Greene, of
the army of the Revolution, an excellent woman, who died
in 1821. Not long after this he married his third wife, the
respected widow of Mr. liczaleel Culver, of the vicinity of
Athens, a good woman and worthy member of the Presby-
terian Church in Athens. She outlived her husband several
years, and died on the 27th of August, 1837. Dr. Perkins
was an early and fast friend of the Ohio University, and for
a time its Treasurer. He took deep interest in the common
schools in the country around. He was a man of sterling
integrity, ardent piety, and an efficient member of the Pres-
byterian Church. Politically he was a Republican. John
Perkins, from early childhood, had the benefit of moral and
religious training, lie had just entered on his ninth year
when his mother died, but her pious instructions and admo-
nitions were written upon the young heart, never to be ob-
literated. When his father settled in Athens, school
advantages were very limited, but on the opening of the
Ohio University there was a change for the better. At its
commencement, however, there were but three to answer to
the first morning roll-call. John Perkins was one of that
number. He continued in the institution several years,
principally engaged in English studies, giving some little
attention to the Latin, and intending to take a regular col-
legiate course, but his health became impaired, and he found
it necessary to give up his hooks, which he did with great
reluctance. Some time after this, in 1S14, he entered the
store of Messrs. Skinner & Chambers, in Point Ilartper, as
a clerk, and served there something over two years; and in
1816 he returned to Athens as a partner of Mr. William
Skinner, above named, and began a mercantile business
there, under the firm of John Perkins 8: Co., which con-
tinued some eight years, when it was dissolved, Mr. Per-
kins taking the stock on hand and continuing the business
in his own name; and from this time until 1873 he was en-
gaged exclusively in mercantile business, sometimes with
partners, though generally alone, but in 1848 he made a
change in the character of his trade into that of drugs and
medicines. In the year 1821 he married Mary Ann Hay,
of Cambridge, Washington county, New York. She was
born on the 1 6th of July, 179S. She had a good education,
and was a woman of intelligence and refinement. Some
time after her marriage she became a member of the Presby-
terian Church, and so continued until her death, which oc-
curred on the 20th day of August, 1841. She left two
daughters: Mary Hay, born 23d of October, 1822, and who
died, after a long and painful disease, on the 8th of May,
1849 ; she was an ardent Christian and member of the Presby-
terian Church. The second daughter, Catharine Filch, was
born 26th of March, 1825 ; she was married on the 18th of
September, 1845, t0 Joseph M. Dana, of Athens, Ohio,

a highly respected and prominent citizen, and died in the
joylul hope of a blessed eternity, on tin1 28th of January,
1848. She left one son, John Perkins Dana, who grew up
under favorable circumstances, acquired a good education,
graduated at the Olno University, and is now a practical
business man of unblemished character and upright princi-
ples. John Perkins married his second wife, Nancy Hamp-
ton, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 2Sth of August,
1845. She was a native of London, Lhigland, and came to
America in infancy with her parents, in about the year 1810,
who settled in, or in the vicinity of, Philadelphia, where she
grew up, and continued to reside until her marriage with
Mr. Perkins. "She was pious, and had many good traits of
character, became a member of the Episcopal Church in
early life, and so continued until her death, which occurred
on the 20th of July, 1873. Mr. Perkins is habitually tem-
perate, using neither tobacco nor strong drink of any de-
scription ; is an early riser, and now, in the eighty-fifth year
of his age, is remarkably active and healthy, for all which
he sincerely thanks the Giver of all good.

^lOYCE, DANTORTII II., was born August iolh,
1839. He is of English descent, the son of
Daniel N. Royce and Amanda Taylor. His
father came to Ohio in 1816, and married in
Worthington, Franklin county, in 1820. Dan-
forlh 11. was educated in the public schools of
Columbus, where his parents resided. After leaving school
he went to learn the trade of a machinist in the Little Miami
Railroad shops, working there for eleven years. In De-
cember of 1865 he accepted a position as foreman in the es-
tablishment of an agricultural machine company, which he
held until May 1st, 1866, and left to accept the office of
President and Superintendent of the Franklin Machine
Company, which he had been active in organizing. As the
head of the Franklin Company, his technical knowledge and
business capacity have brought him into great prominence.
In the spring of 1S75 he was nominated for Mayor of Co-
lumbus by the workingmen, but his large business interests
demanded his exclusive attention, and he was obliged to
decline the nomination. He is a member of the Knights
of Pythias, Odd Fellows, and Red Men. Mr. Royce mar-
ried Sallie A. Curtis, February 2d, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio.

| ENN, HANSON L., Lawyer, was born on Indian
Creek, Clermont county, Ohio, September 1 6th,
1813. His father was engaged in milling and
farming, lie resided with his parents until near
his majority, employed in active manual labor, or
in securing such elementary education as was ob-
tainable at that time in the common schools of the country.

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

627

During this period he acquired those habits of industry and
the promptitude and energy, which were li is chief character-
istics in after life. In 1S35 lie settled in Georgetown,
Brown county, and began the study of law under the guid-
ance of George \V. King, a prominent and an able legal
practitioner. While thus pursuing his studies, he supported
himself by writing in the Clerk’s ollice. At the April term,
1S37, of the Supreme Court for Brown county, he was ad-
mitted to practise law in the various courts of the State.
Immediately after his admission he engaged in the practice
of his profession in partnership with Martin Marshall, of
Augusta, Kentucky, who was at that time attending the va-
rious courts of this county. On him then devolved the
labor of preparing cases, and transacting the entire office
business, a task which he performed with admirable exacti-
tude and ability. To the investigation of his cases he
brought a thorough knowledge ol legal principles, a clear
and discriminating judgment, and indomitable energy.
This partnership continued five or six years, until M. Mar-
shall, owing to age and infirmity, was compelled to relin-
quish his attendance at court. From this time until 1S55
he continued in active practice, part of the time alone and
part of the time in partnership. lie was then control-
ling an extensive business in the different counties of his
judicial district. Subsequently, his private business having
become so extensive as to require a great deal of attention,
he retired almost entirely from practice, appearing only in
important cases, and for his former clients. As the result
of his assiduous devotion to his profession and business he
amassed a handsome fortune. Also as a business man he
had few equals, and in every public improvement he was
ever foremost, while his means and his influence were never
withheld from any undertaking calculated to advance public
morality, or to promote the general welfare. No enterprise
in which he once heartily engaged ever failed to ultimately
achieve success, while to him more than to any other man
are the people of Brown county indebted for the public im-
provements which have been there carried to completion.
“ In him the needy and unfortunate ever found a friend,
and the poor man a benefactor. IBs ear was ever open to
hear the tale of want and woe, and his purse to relieve suf-
fering and distress.” Strong in will, resolute in purpose, he
was true in friendship, loyal even as an enemy. Beginning
life without means, and without the influence of powerful
friends, he won for himself not only a valuable estate, but a
high position among the professional and business men of
the community which honored and loved him. Until the
disintegration of the Whig party, he was intimately identi-
fied with its organization, and labored zealously to insure
its success. lie was the President of the Whig State Con-
vention, held in Ohio in 1S55, and when the Know-Nothing
organization came into being and absorbed so large a portion
of the Whig party, he refused to countenance the movement,
and constantly expressed his opposition to the new' princi-
ples advocated. In the great issue presented to the country

by the Nebraska bill, he took from the first a decided stand
in favor of its principles, lie refused to participate in the
fusion which resulted in the formation of the Republican
party. In the Buchanan and Breckinridge campaign, his
party being disorganized, he attached himself to what he
believed to be the parly of the Constitution and the Union,
and labored earnestly and efficiently to secure the success of
Democratic measures. During the canvass he traversed the
several counties of his Congressional district, and also various
counties in the adjoining State of Kentucky, in all of them
advocating his views with ardent fervor. “ No man in
southern Ohio did more for the triumph of Democratic
principles and the success of Democratic candidates than he.
The efiect of his labors was seen in the result of the election.
This Congressional district was redeemed, and the Demo-
cratic candidate returned by a triumphant majority.” He
died, of erysipelas, in Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio,
June 29th, 1857, in his forty-fourth year.

AY, DEMING, W. II., Soldier, Contractor, and
Lawyer, was born, February 12th, 1832, in Pick-
away county, Ohio, and is the eldest son of the
late Demvold G. and Ruth Day. II is father,
w ho was a contractor, died when his eldest son
was twelve years old, and the latter was thus early
thrown on his own resources. He attended the public
school in Chilli cot h e, and subsequently became a student in
the Western Liberal Industrial Institute at Marietta, and re-
ceived a diploma therefrom, lie shortly afterwards became
a bookkeeper, anti also attended the Commercial College in
Cinciifliati, where he grad u tiled with honor to himself and
the institution. He commenced the study of law with John
and ichabod Corwin. I11 1S54 he removed to W'ood
county, Ohio, anil being admitted to the bar, commenced
the practice of his profession in Bow ling Green, being the
first lawyer in that place to open an ollice. lie succeeded
in building up an extensive and lucrative practice, anil prose-
cuted nearly all the criminal cases, including those of the
State vs. Walter; Stale vs. Franklin, for felonious assault,
the defendant being convicted, and sentenced to ten years’
imprisonment ; and more recently in the Noble murder case
in 1876. During the war of the rebellion he entered the
service, and was elected Captain of Company K, 111th

Ohio Volunteers, and was identified with General Rosecrans’
command, lie participated in the pursuit of Morgan, dur-
ing the latter’s raid into the border States, in 1863, and on
July 19th of that year was at the battle of Baughton Island,
where 1200 of the guerillas were captured, and 83 officers.
These were taken to Camp Morgan, near Cincinnati, on
23d August following. When the 23d Army Corps was re-
organized, he was appointed Chief of Ordnance, 011 the
staff of General ILarlzuf, and participated in the Knoxville
campaign. 11c was next placed in charge of all the supply

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

62S

trains of lire 23d Army Corps, anil was thus transferred from
the infantry to the Quartermaster's Department. After this
corps was mustered out, in North Carolina, in 1S65, lie con-
tinued in the service as Assistant Chief Quartermaster of the
Department of North Carolina until the following year, when
he received the appointment of Quartermaster General of
Ohio, and served as such through the administration of
Governor Cox and a part of that of Governor Ilayes. In
1 868 he took the contract fur building the Lunatic Asylum,
at Athens, Ohio, which he erected, and commenced also the
building of the Central Lunatic Asylum, at Columbus. He,
however, disposed of his interest in the latter contract, and
went to Chicago after the great fire in that city, where
he erected several large structures. lie returned to
Bowling Green in the spring of 1873, where he resumed
the practice of his profession. lie has been a Republican
in politics, ever since the formation of that party. He was
married, June 6th, 1854, to Adclia A. Williams, and has
four children, two daughters and two sons, all living, viz.,
Ellen Gertrude, Helen Mary, Frederick Williams, and
Rudolph Merriam.

p 0s

C(W>UDL°W, ISRAEL, First Surveyor ol
->|J C west Territory, now Ohio, was born,
( s | 9 1 705, at Long Hill Farm, near Morr

of the North-
the year
Morristown, New

x Jersey, where his father, Cornelius Ludlow, re-
<7 " sided. He was of English ancestry, his grand-

father having left Shropshire, England, at the time
of the restoration of the Stuarts, to escape the persecutions
of the crown, as the Ludlow family had espoused the cause
of the Parliament, and had taken a prominent part in the
affairs of the commonwealth. Sir Edmund Ludlow, the
head of the family at that time, was banished from England,
and died in exile at Vevay, Switzerland. In 1787 Israel
Ludlow received the following letter from the Surveyor-
General and Geographer of the United States :

To Israui. Luni.ow, Esq. :

Dear Sir : I enclose an ordinance of Congress, of the
20th instant, by which you will observe they have agreed to
the sale of a large tract of land, which the New Jersey So-
ciety have contracted to purchase. As it will be necessary
to survey the boundary of this tract with all convenient
speed, that the United States may receive the payment for
the same, I propose to appoint you for that purpose, being
assured of your abilities, diligence and integrity. I hope
you will accept it, and desire you will furnish me with an
estimate of the expense, and inform me what moneys will
be necessary to advance to you to execute the same.

I am, dear sir, yours,

Thomas Hutchins,
Surveyor- General of the United States.

lie accepted the appointment, received his instructions
and an order on the frontier posts for -a sufficient escort to
enable him to prosecute the surveys ; but the extreme weak-
ness of the military force in the Northwest Territory — as

Ohio was then called — left him in a very hazardous and ex-
posed condition. His great energy, bodily strength and
personal beauty, however, soon attracted the attention and
admiration id the Indians, and won friends and safely for
Ins little baud, where the tomahawk and scalping knife
would, but for these, have been used against them. There
are letters still preserved from General Joseph llarmer, ad-
dressed to Israel Ludlow, of date of 1787, and August 2S1I1,
1788, which speak of the impossibility of affording him an
adequate escort, and of the danger of his pursuing the sur-
vey at that time ; but such danger and privations incurred
by him did not deter the prosecution of the work.
In 1789 he became associated with Mathias Denman and
Robert Patterson in the proprietorship — to the extent of one-
third — of the settlement about Port Washington, which was
to be called by the whimsical name of Losantiville, a com-
pound word, intended to express “ the city opposite the
mouth of the Licking.” To it, however, was given the
more euphonious appellation of Cincinnati by Israel Ludlow,
in honor of the Cincinnati Society of revolutionary officers,
of which his father was a member, and which society was
much criticised at that time. Late in the autumn of 17S9
Colonel Ludlow commenced a survey of the town, which
has since become the “ Queen City of the West.” In 1790
White’s, Covolt’s, and Ludlow Stations were created. The
latter was near the north line of the town plot of Cincinnati,
and a block-house was the first tenement erected there. As
the Indians had become very savage and ferocious, strong
forts were built, and military placed therein for the protec-
tion of the few whiles who had ventured to settle in their
neighborhood. So dangerous was the situation that persons
who ventured beyond a certain limit of these forts fell vic-
tims to the brutality and ferocity of the savages. In 1791
General St. Clairs army was encamped at Ludlow Station,
along what is now called Mad Anthony, street, and the
present site of the Presbyterian and Christian Churches.
From thence, on September 17th, 1791, St. Clair proceeded
to the Big Miami, and erected P'orts Hamilton and Jeffer-
son, and on November 41I1 following was fought the bloody
and unfortunate battle called “ St. Clair’s Defeat.” Israel
Ludlow, now Colonel Ludlow, pursued his surveys under
great difficulties, but completed them, and May 5th, 1792,
made a full report of the same, and of all the expenses in-
cident thereto, which were accepted by Alexander Hamil-
ton, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. In
December, 1794, he surveyed the plot of a town adjacent to
Fort Hamilton — hence the name — and was sole owner. In
November, 1795, in conjunction with Generals St. Clair,
Dayton and Wilkinson, he founded the town of Dayton.
Previous to this, however, General Wayne had succeeded
General St. Clair— after the latter’s defeat— and prosecuted
the Indian war until its termination in 1795, when emigra-
tion commenced again, and new towns and farms spread
through the yielding forest. On November 10th, 1796,
Colonel Ludlow married Charlotte, second daughter of

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UIOdRATl 1 1CAI . ENCYCl.OP/EDIA.

629

General James Chambers, of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania,
anil on the 201I1 of the same month they started on their
journey to Cincinnati. Alter a tedious ride over the moun-
tains they reached the Munonguhela liver, and descended
in a small boat to the vicinity of Pittsburgh, where they em-
barked on the waters of the Ohio. Colonel Ludlow was
soon afterwards appointed to establish and survey the
boundary line between the United States and the Indian
Territory, agreeably to the treaty of Greenville, made by
General Wayne, in 1795. If was a most dangerous under-
taking, and while absent from Ludlow Station, which he
had made his residence, hit wife was in constant dread of
hearing that some fatality had befallen his little party. In
fact she could not anticipate any happiness while separated
from her “ beloved Ludlow,” as she calls him, especially
during his constant absence from the fort upon his arduous
duties. She writes to him in 1797 of her increased fear for
his safety, upon hearing that the Shawnees had appointed a
chief, unknown to him, to attend him ; and she urges him
not to relax his vigilance for one moment. Her distress of
mind can be better imagined than described when she
learned than he was unable to obtain an escort, and at the
same time knowing the great importance of the boundary
being established, both to the government and to the set-
tlers. It is a fact that he made a great part of the surveys
with only three active woodsmen as spies, and to give him
notice of danger. He died in January, 1S04, at his home at
Ludlow Station, after four days’ illness. The house still
remains in a good state of preservation, notwithstanding it is
now eighty-six years old ; and his great-grandchildren may
stand in the room where he died, and resolve to imitate his
virtues. He was not permitted to witness the wonderful
results of the enterprise to which his untiring industry was
directed in forwarding. That he had a prescience of its
importance is shown by his large entries of land in the re-
gion tributary to Cincinnati. Looking forward to a lung
life, he felt his immediate object was to lay the broad foun-
dation of pecuniary fortune. Modesty was a well-known
trait of his character. With an eye quick to discern, and
energy to have applied, every measure conducing to the
prosperity of the territory and the city, he was himself in-
different to his own political advancement, and willing to
wait until the fulfilment of his plans. Thus it is, without
legislative record of the facts, his name is not known in a
manner commensurate with his services to the infant colony
and youthful Stale, lie was no politician in the clamorous
sense of the term. He was a man for the times in which he
lived, and possessed a peculiar fitness for the capacious
sphere of his influence. His life was illustrated by a series
of practical benevolences, free from ostentation, and the
laudation of scarcely other than the recipients of his disin-
terested kindnesses. The shock created by the announce-
ment of his death was great. The inhabitants joined the
Masonic fraternity in paying the closing tribute of respect to
his memory, and an oration was pronounced by Hon. John

Clevc-s Symmes. Among his many descendants may be
named ;

Ludlow, General Benjamin Cham hicks, born in 1836.
He studied medicine and graduated from Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, lie served with great gallantry in
many of the important battles during the late civil war, and
rose to the rank of brevet Brigadier-General. He married
Frances Jones in 1S73, and has two sons, Israel and Rau-
dell. II e is a resident of Austin, Texas.

Ludlow, Israel, Lawyer and Soldier, was born, 1840,
at Ludlow Station, near Cincinnati. He was educated at
Andover, Massachusetts, and Yellow Springs, Ohio. Dur-
ing the civil war, he was an active participant, as Brevet
Captain in the 5th Regular United States Artillery, in the
battles of Shiloh (or Pittsburgh Landing), Perryville, Dog-
walk, luka, Stone River, Chickamauga, Cold Harbor, and
the closing engagements around Petersburg. He was badly
wounded at Chickamauga, captured, and confined in the
Libby Prison. After the war he studied law and practised
in Cincinnati, until failing health caused him to remove to
Texas, where he established a bank, which became one of
the most important in that "State. He was of commanding
appearance, and of genial manners; when once known he
was never forgotten, lie died in 1873, greatly regretted by
all who knew him.

Ai'-Jones, Ludlow, Lawyer, was born May 4th, 1844,
and is a son of Charles A. and Charlotte (Ludlow) Jones.
He received a thorough collegiate education, and received
the diploma of Master of Arts from Harvard University.
He studied law and was dul^ admitted to practise, and is a
member of the bar of Cincinnati. He is also connected with
the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, anti is a member of
the Queen City Club of Cincinnati, and of the Society of
ex-Officers of the Army and Navy, lie originated the
Cincinnati Societies of Natural History, and for the Preven-
tion of Cruelty to Animals.

ACKSON, HENRY LEVI, M. D., was born in
Russian Poland, on March 20th, 1836. His
father was also a Russian Pole, but his mother
came from Prussian Poland. 1 1 is education was
limited on account of the customs of the country
and of the disabilities of Israelites. At a com-
paratively young age he left Russia and proceeded to
Germany, where he began the study of medicine. Later he
removed to England, where he continued his studies. Alter
a while, attracted by the opportunities the United States
offered, he came to this country, and on his arrival com-
menced the practice of his profession. In it he is still en-
gaged, practising with flattering success, as what is known

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BIOGRAPHICAL KNCYCLOP.LDIA.

6 jo

as an eclectic physician. Having originally left Russia be-
cause of the tyranny of its military system, he naturally took
kindly lei Republican institutions, ami has been Irom his ar-
rival in America an earm st Republican, though lie has
never held nor aspired to any public office. Indeed he
Coniines his whole attention closely to his profession, lie
was married in 1861, in this country, to Henrietta Cush-
burg, a native of Prussian Poland.

ASEY, I ION. JAMES B., one of the leading
business men of Cincinnati, was burn in Coving-
ton, Kentucky, on November 29th, 182S. Ilis

^ grandfather, Joseph Casey, was born in Baltimore
J' county, Maryland, and came of Irish stock, his
father being a native of Ireland ; he was a soldier

in the war of 1 S 1 2 , under General Harrison, and was one
of the few who escaped the massacre at Crawford’s defeat.
John B. Casey, the father of the subject of this sketch, is a
native of Kentucky, whither his people immigrated from
Pennsylvania during the latter part of the last century. 11c
is one of the oldest tobacco manufacturers in the West, and
is still living, at the age of seventy-five, partially retired, on
his fine farm south of Covington, Kentucky. He has filled
many responsible and honorable positions in the community,
and is now surrounded by comfort and friends, and covered
with the honors of a well-spent life. His wife, nee Sally
McGasson, a member of one of the early pioneer fam-
ilies from Virginia, who settled in the “Dark and Bloody
Ground,” came of Scotch extraction — her mother was a
Hamilton. James B. Casey, the subject of this sketch, re-
ceived his education in the schools of his native city and at
Center College, Danville, Kentucky. About the time of
his leaving college the Mexican war broke out, and, filled
with the spirit of adventure and patriotism, he enlisted in
the 3d Kentucky Regiment of Infantry, at the second call
for soldiers' from Kentucky. That State offered the govern-
ment fifty regiments, but his was one of the few received.
At this time Mr. Casey was eighteen years of age. With
the rank of Lieutenant he served during the war, and was
mustered out at Louisville. His regiment contained a large
number of men who became noted characters during the
war of the rebellion. M. V. Thompson, ex-Governor of
Kentucky, was Colonel, John C. Breckinridge was Major,
Thomas L. Crittenden, Union General in the rebellion, was
I.ieulenant-Colonel. Besides these there were Leonidas
Metcalf, who was a colonel in the Union army, Thomas
Taylor, who became a general in the Confederate army, and
Whittaker, who was a general in the Federal ranks. After
returning from the war, young Casey spent several years in
his father’s dry-goods house in Covington. In 1S53 he
started the same business for himself in that city. There,
too, in 1852, he was married to Lucy A. Marshall, daughter

of John Marshall, brother of General Thomas Marshall,
who commanded a brigade, chiefly of Kentucky troops, in
the war with Mexico. The Marshalls constitute one of the
oldest, 1110 . 1 able and di .tinguished families ol Kentucky.
In 1 802 Mr. Casey began the manufacture of tobacco, but
did not wholly relinquish his connection with the dry-goods
business until two years afterwards. He had quite early
had experience in the tobacco business with his father.
From this date his connection with the tobacco trade has
remained unbroken. In 1864 he opened a commission
house in Cincinnati, and in 1867 he bought into the old
Morris warehouse, where his tobacco interest now is under
the firm-name of Casey, Timberlake & Co. The business
of this house has become very large and lucrative. Since
the time of his commencing, in 1862, the tobacco trade has
grown to be one of the valuable interests of Cincinnati.
He is one of the five members of the Tobacco Board of
Trade, and is Vice-President of that body. In 1865 he was
a delegate from Cincinnati to the Tobacconists’ National
Convention at Washington City, where he took a prominent
part in the doings of the Convention. He has, too, been
actively concerned in -legislation favorable to the tobacco
interest of the Ohio valley. In 1871 he was elected with
trilling opposition, from Covington, to fill Mr. Carlisle’s un-
expired term of two years in the Kentucky State Senate.
He had been previously mainly instrumental in the nomi-
nation of Mr. Carlisle for the Lieutenant-Governorship, and
now his own position and that of the Lieutenant-Governor,
Carlisle (as Speaker of the Senate), secured the charter for
the Southern Railroad, his own vote making a tie, and the
Speaker’s deciding in favor of the act. The objectionable
features ot this bill, being a necessity admitted by its friends
for its passage, were afterwards'Yemoved. At the expiration
of his term lie was importuned to accept the nomination of
his party for the regular term in the Stale Senate. At this
time he was also urged to make the race for Congress in his
district, but all these testimonials of popular favor, business
necessities and general disinclination induced him to de-
cline. lie has since, however, been a member of the Cov-
ington City Council. Mr. Casey is now in the prime of life,
an active, liberal-spirited, genial member of society, a man
of large executive and business ability, and must certainly
be classed among those who leave the world better for their
having lived in it.

Jp^ONNER, STEPHEN, M. D., Physician, was
— wl 1^ born, September 1 8th, 1808, in Mount Charles,
county of Donegal, Ireland. He left home in
1824 for America, and at first landed in Canada,
whence he worked his way via the lakes and
across Ohio to Cincinnati. Having resolved to
study medicine, he entered the Transylvania University, at
Lexington, Kentucky, at that time the first educational in-
stitution in the West. He graduated therefrom in 1833,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

mul at mice engaged in llie practice of li is profession. In
1S41 his brother, Dr. Hugh Bonner, of Cincinnati, died,
anil Dr. Stephen lionner sncceeileil to his practice, anil
liming the reinaiiulcr of his life was one of the most
faithful ami esteeineil physicians in that city. lie was
an earnest anil zealous member of the Roman Catholic
Church; the medical attendant and intimate friend of Arch-
bishop l'urcel!, and filled the position of Attendant Physi-
cian at the seminaries of Mount St. Mary, Notre Dame,
Cedar Grove and others. He also filled for several years
the position of a Director of the House of Refuge. lie was
a most charitable man, attending the poor without expecta-
tion of any pecuniary consideration. lie was married,
October 2 2d, 1835, to Lucy, daughter of Major Ilanly, of
Jessamine county, Kentucky, who survives him. Of the
eleven children, which once composed his family, seven
are now living, his eldest son, Dr. S. P. lionner, having
died a year previous to his father, from consumption con-
tracted during his army career, while Surgeon of the 2d
Regiment of Kentucky Infantry. Another son is Rev.
John lionner, of St. Philomcna Church. Dr. Stephen B011-
ncr died in 1S76.

OMllACir, MATTHEW, Capitalist, was born,
September, 1S11, in Naikirch, lllack Forest,
linden, Germany. He is the youngest of four
children of Charles and Francesca Rombach,
both of whom were born and died in Baden.
1 1 is father, Charles Rombach, was the son of a
farmer owning large landed estates at Naikirch, and wdio
in the earlier years of his manhood was employed in
various offices of trust and honor recognized by German
laws and pertaining (o the proper management of a Ger-
man country seat. The elder Mr. Rombach was married
at the age of forty-two years, about which time lie engaged
in merchandising, and subsequently carried oil the manu-
facture of clocks, lie was a successful merchant and
manufacturer, and a highly respected citizen in the com-
munity in which lie lived. Young Matthew was reared on
a (arm until he was sixteen years of age, at which time he
was placed by his father in a clock manufactory to learn
the trade, which branch of mechanics lie pursued until the
lime of his departure for America. When about nineteen
years of age, ill the year 1S30, lie and three others, young
men of his neighborhood, resolved to bid adieu to the
fatherland and try their fortunes in the new world. After
arrangements bail been perfected and passports obtained
for the parly, his companions were persuaded to abandon
their proposed journey. Mr. Rombach, with characteristic
resolution, was unshaken in 1 1 is purpose. His father, un-
willing that one of so little experience should set out alone
to incur the dangers and privations of a voyage to the new
world, and hoping to foil his son in his determination to go,
refused to furnish him with the necessary pecuniary aid.

631

Tints thrown upon his own resources, Matthew collected
his limited means together, amounting to about seventy
dollars, and, bidding farewell to friends and the home of
his childhood, started . on the long journey that should
bring him the after experiences uf life in America. Inured
to hardships, and wishing to husband bis means as far as
possible, he walked through France on his way to London,
a distance of almost six hundred miles, eating but two
meals a day and making the distance of from thirty six to
fifty miles. Arriving at London he remained about ten
days, then took steerage passage in an American sail
vessel bound for New York. lie contracted for passage at
twenty-one. dollars, and boarded with the sailors for an ad-
ditional sum of twenty-one dollars. He proceeded almost
immediately from New York to Philadelphia, and when lie
arrived at the latter place found his means reduced to the
small sum of seven dollars. The next day after his arrival
at l’hiladel| hia he found employment at his trade with a
German to whom he had been recommended by friends in
the old country. Remaining in Philadelphia about six
months, and not succeeding as well as he wished, lie deter-
mined to push farther west, and located at Lancaster, Ohio.
Here lie again set up in the clock business, which lie con-
tinued fur about nine months, then, in the latter part of
1831, again changed his place to Cincinnati. Here he kept
boarding house until the cholera of 1832 compelled him,
for want of business and safety, to close the same. In July,
1S32, at Cincinnati, he married Catharine Kautz, a native
of Baden, Germany, by whom lie has one child, a daughter,
wife of General J. \Y. Denver, of Washington, District of
Columbia. Having by industry and frugality accumulated
some means, he purchased a small farm in Brown county,
Ohio, to which he removal and cultivated for 'some two
years. Visiting New Orleans in the year 1835, and having
a good opportunity to engage in business, lie determined to
remove to that place. Having sold bis stock, rented bis
farm and proceeded as far as Cincinnati, his wife being dis-
satisfied to go to New Orleans, lie changed his purpose and
moved to Wilmington, Clinton county, Ohio, where he lias
since resided. His first two years in Wilmington were de-
voted to hotel keeping. In 1837 he sold his farm in Brown
county and purchased a farm in Clinton county, near Wil-
mington; lie also opened a bakery and confectionery, which
lie conducted for several years, at the same time partly
giving his attention to trading and farming. Since 1845
he has greatly prospered in his business pursuits, devoting
himself to farming and stock-raising, and looking after his
numerous investments in bank stocks and the stocks of
various other corporations. At this time he is a large
stockholder in and Vice-President of the Clinton County
National Bank, of Wilmington, Ohio. He is known as
one of the substantial business men and capitalists of the
State; a man of temperate habits, energy, perseverance and
integrity. Though not a politician, and never seeking
political preferment, lie lias always acted with the Demo-

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cratic parly. He was brought up a Catholic, his parents
being devout members of that church ; and while liberal in
his religious views, and a generous contributor to the build-
ing up and support of other churches, with the natural ten-
dency of mankind he adheres to the faith ot his early
education.

INKSON, BENJAMIN, Lawyer and Farmer, was
born, December 27th, 1S00, near Cyntlnana,
Kentucky. lie is the third of eleven children of
Thomas llinkson and Elizabeth Foos. Thomas
Hinkson was a native of Pennsylvania, a farmer,
an officer under Generals Wayne and llarmar in
the early Indian campaigns, and an officer under General
Harrison in the War of 1812. Thomas Hinkson settled in
Clinton county, Ohio, in 1806, was one of the first asso-
ciate judges of that county and a colonel in the militia.
He died in 1832. Elizabeth P'oos Hinkson, a native of
Tennessee, died in 1855. The subject of this sketch did
farm work until he was fifteen years of age, attending the
county school during the winter months. In 1S16 he went
in the office of the Clerk of Payette county, where he acted
as Deputy for two years. P'or the next two years he at-
tended Chillicothe Academy, where he spent two years,
reading law in the meantime under Colonel Henry Brush,
oi Chillicothe. In 1820 Mr. llinkson was admitted to the
bar, and opened an office in Wilmington, Clinton county,
where he practised until 1834. In the fall of 1826 he was
elected to the Legislature, where he served through five
terms, until, the winter of 1834, he was elected Secre-
tary of Slate for three years. In 1S36 he was elected
Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, remaining on the
bench for seven years. I11 1S43 he returned to the practice
of his profession at Wilmington, where he was actively
engaged until 1S5S, when impaired health obliged him to
retire from active practice, lie sought rest and recupera-
tion on his farm, in Wilson township, where lie has since
lived. In the war of 1812 Mr. llinkson served for about
eight mouths, and now draws a pension as an old defender.
He cast his first vote for Henry Clay. He now acts with
the Democratic party. September 15th, 1S25, Mr. 1 1 ink-
son married Mary A. Welsh, a native of New York, who
died in 1827, leaving one child.

s OI.LETT, HON. JOHN FASSETT, Lawyer, was
OT J born, February iStli, 1S33, in the State of Ver-
aJ 1 L mcmR and is a son of John F. Follett, who re-
(^*7 0 moved, in 1S3S, to Ohio, where he settled on a
farm in Licking county; of his nine children,
three are engaged in the practice of the law, one
of whom is Judge Charles Follett, of Newark, and the

other Martin D. Follett, of Marietta. The family is an old
New England one, and some of them were prominent
actors in the colonial movements, and subsequently in the
war of the Revolution ; their many descendants are now
dispersed throughout the Union. The younger John was
prepared for college at Granville, and entered Marietta
College, whence lie graduated, at the head of his class, in
1855. After leaving this institution he was for one year
Principal of the High School at Cojumbus, and previously
for the same period of time a teacher in the Asylum for the
Blind. Having previously chosen the law for his profes-
sion, he employed all his leisure time during these two
years in a course of legal study; after which he entered his
brother’s office in Newark, Ohio, and was admitted to the
bar in that town in 1858. lie then formed a partnership
with his brother, which continued until 1S68, when he re-
moved to Cincinnati. In 1S65 he was elected to a seat in
the State Legislature, and in 1S67 was re-elected; he was
made Speaker of the House, having been nominated by the
Democrats by acclamation. Since locating in Cincinnati
he has abandoned all political aspirations and devoted his
entire energies to his profession, where he justly ranks as
one of the first men of his age at the bar. He is not a
specialist, but gives his attention to general practice, having
been prominently concerned in many important causes in
all branches of the law. lie was married in 1866 to
Frances D., daughter of Professor John Dawson, of the
Starling Medical College, at Columbus, and brother of Dr.
\Y. NY. Dawson, of Cincinnati.

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OLLIER, OLIVER S*, Lawyer, was born, May
1 6th, 1817, in Perry township, Lawrence county,
Ohio, and is the eighth of fourteen children
whose parents were James and Martha (Baker)
Collier. His father was of English and Welsh
lineage, a native of Virginia, and a farmer by
occupation, who removed to Ohio in 1806, and was a
pioneer in the section where he located; he was a Justice
of the Peace in Perry township for a number of years, and
where he died in October, 185S, having survived his wife
but one month. The latter was a native of Ashe county,
North Carolina, and of English and Irish descent. Oliver
worked on a farm until he was eighteen years old, attend-
ing school in the winter. He was next employed in an
iron works, where he labored for eight years, and his
leisure hours were passed in general reading and study. In
1843 he returned to a farmer’s life, which he followed for
about four years, and then commenced reading medicine.
For eighteen months he was so engaged, and then aban-
doned the pursuit. During the winters of 1849 and 1851
he was engaged in teaching school. In 1850 he com-
menced the study of law in the office of John M. Clark, a
prominent attorney of Gallia county, Ohio, and practised

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^33

In-foie justices of the peace until 1855, when, having passed
the re< 1 11 i i t e examination, he was admitted to the liar, and
at once entered upon the practice of his profession at Iron-
ton, where he continued until 1865, when he removed to
t eredo, Virginia, where he continued his legal pursuits for
six years. In 1871 he returned to Ironton, where he has
since resided and has established a successful and lucrative
practice. lie has never sought nor held any public office
whatever. Politically he is a Democrat, but at an earlier
day was a Whig, having voted for William II. Harrison.
1 1 is religious faith is that held by the Baptists. He is a
man of unquestionable integrity and of genial manners, and
is painstaking, laborious anti conscientious in his profession.
He was married, May 30th, 1843, to Rebecca, daughter of
James Gibson, an early settler of Lawrence county, Ohio.

UTI.ER, GEORGE WASHINGTON, M. D.,
Physician and Surgeon, was born, December
27th, 1821, in Wellsburg (now West) Virginia,
and is a son of the late Dr. Joseph and Eliza-
beth (Grayne) Butler. 1 1 is father emigrated to
Canada in early life and practised medicine in
Quebec and Montreal, and about 1806 returned to the
States, where he married and subsequently removed to
Wellsburg, Virginia, where he continued his professional
pursuits fur upwards of twenty years, being known as an
able physician. After his death his widow anil family,
consisting of four children, removed to Holmes county,
Ohio, where she remained until her death, in 1838.
George was first educated in the school which his mother
had kept in Wellsburg for seven years; and he then at-
tended the common school until he was eighteen years old,
finishing his studies in a select school, where he passed a
year. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. II.
E. Jeffers, of Nashville, Holmes county, Ohio, and finished
liis readings with Drs. Oldfield and Cunningham, of Lick-
ing county, lie subsequently graduated at the New York
Medical College, in 1855. He commenced the practice of
medicine in 1844 at Alton, nine miles west of Columbus,
where he remained until 1870, when he removed to the
wider field of the State capital, where he now resides, en-
gaged in the control of an extensive practice. In 1857 he
performed a rare and critical operation, the subject recover-
ing, and is still living. One James O. Harrell, while en-
gaged in harrowing, fell beneath the timber frame, and his
chest wras torn open by the iron teeth, filling the cavity and
his lungs with earth, etc. Dr. Butler was immediately
summoned, and, having enlarged the opening, removed the
foreign substances from the wound, washed the exposed
viscera, replaced the lung in its proper position, and the
patient is now living in good health — a proof of the sur-
geon’s skill. During the war of the rebellion he was
frequently solicited to fill appointments, but invariably dc-
80

dined. He was married in 1842 to Harriet l’routy, by
whom he was the father of five children, of whom two only
survive; his wife died in 1855. lie was a second time
united in marriage, in 1856, to Margaret Clover, of
Indiana, who is slid living. 'Phis union has resulted in
one son.

OWRY, THOMAS, M. D., was born on Decem-
ber 23d, 1820, in Donegal county, Ireland, the
younger of the tw'o children of James and Mary
(Campbell) Lowry, llis father followed agricul-
tural pursuits through life, and came to America
in 1839; after four years in New York he moved
to Pike county, Ohio, where he died in 1S46; his wife died
in 1848. Thomas obtained his early education in the best
schools of his native county, and while quite young began
reading medicine in Donegal county, Ireland. He con-
tinued reading for three years, and graduated with honor in
1839 from the famous University of Glasgow, Scotland. In
the same year he came to America, and practised success-
fully for about three years in New York. Then he passed
a few months travelling in Europe, and returning settled, in
the sirring of 1844, at Waverly, l’ike county, Ohio. There,
with the exception of a year’s practice in Philadelphia, he
has since follow'd! his profession with marked success, lie
has contributed articles on medical topics to the Medical
Society of Pike County, of which he has been a member
since its first organization, and for years a leading officer.
His practice is general, and his reputation as a surgeon is
high. A Democrat in political faith, but broadly liberal in
his political and religious view's, and a man of attractive
and sterling qualities, he enjoys the confidence and esteem
of a large circle. He was married in December, 1833, to
Margaret Campbell, a native of Donegal county, Ireland.
On the outbreak of the war, in 1 86 1, he recruited Company
I, 561I1 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served w ith
the command for about seventeen months, participating in
the great battles of Fort Donelson, Pittsburgh Landing and
Corinth. He resigned in 1863, on account of sickness

OOS, MATHIAS, Merchant, was born in Baden,
Germany, August Ilth, 1814; came wdlh his
parents to America in 1833, and at first located
in Sandusky, Ohio, where the family remained a
year. In the following year his father entered
a tract of land near the town of Upper Sandusky
(now Fremont), to which the family subsequently removed,
and where Mathias remained for two years assisting his
father in clearing and opening the farm; but, having be-
come dissatisfied with the place on account of its unhealth-
fulness, he returned to Sandusky in 1836, and shortly

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPzEDI A.

afterwards commenced lo work in a bakery, where lie con-
tinued for a year. In 1837 lie decided lo change lo Toledo,
then a new town, and lie resumed Ins vocation as a baker,
being employed by John J. Fogelson for two years, lu
1S3N lie began the same business on Ins own account, Ins
bakery being located on Summit street, near l’erry, where
he pursued it for live years. Having become acquainted
with Lyman Wheeler, he formed a copartnership with him
in 1S42, which continued fur over twenty-two years. They
first opened a ship chandlery and supply store on the dock,
and shortly afterwards started a rectifying establishment on
Monroe street. In 1847 they disposed of the store on the
dock, and gave their entire attention to the rectifying busi-
ness, which was prosperous and gradually increased. In
1S65, owing lo Wheeler’s impaired health, the copartner-
ship was dissolved ; Wheeler died about two years thereafter.
The business has since been continued by the remaining
partner, and he has associated his eldest son, William
II. lioos, with him. He is still in the prime of life, and
his character as a straightforward business man and kind
neighbor is proverbial. He has never held any public
office, nor has he taken any active part in political ques-
tions. He was married, July 2 1st, 1840, in Toledo, to
Margaret Kimball, and he is the father of seven children,
of whom four are now living.

j UINN, HOMER SUM MERIT ELI), M. D., was
born in Highland county, near Fallsville, Ohio,
February 28th, 1839. His father, Rev. Dr. Isaac
Quinn, was both a clergyman and a medical prac-
titioner. To Isaac and Cynthia Quinn were born
nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch
was the youngest. He received his early education in the
country school of the neighborhood, but completed his
scholastic labors at Greenfield Seminary. Upon leaving
Greenfield, he for a time followed the avocation of a farmer,
meanwhile in his leisure hours devoting his attention to the
study of medicine. 1 1 is medical course was finished under
the direction of his brother, Dr. J. 11. Quinn, and in 1862
he commenced the active practice of his chosen profession
at Jefferson, Madison county, where lie has continued to
reside. As a physician Dr. Quinn has built up an exten-
sive and remunerative practice, with a reputation for
thorough medical erudition and sound practical reliability.
A Democrat in politics, he has held quite a number of local
offices, and has several times been prominently mentioned
as the candidate of his party in the county for member of
the State Legislature. Of fine personal appearance and ex-
cellent conversational powers, the doctor is socially as well
as professionally and politically one of Madison’s most
prominent citizens. He was married, April 27th, 1870,(0
Keltic l’ulnam, daughter of the late Horace I’utnam, at one
time Treasurer of Madison county.

I

VOCKE, DAVID ROSS, popularly known as " Pe-
(, troleum V. Nasby,” was born in Union, Broome
,S county, New Volk, in February, 1833. His
father followed the trade of shoemaker, and at
that lime was far from being in comfoi table cir-
cumstances. He had few opportunities for attend-
ing school, his assistance being required in providing for
the support of the family, and the education he now
possesses was secured by self-directed study and close
application. He learned the printer’s trade at Cortland,
New York, and after remaining in that place a few years,
travelled to Pittsburgh, thence to Cleveland, and subse-
quently to interior towns of Ohio of less importance, until
1855. During this period he became familiar with all the
phases of journalistic labor, and had acquired an experience
which ably qualified him for the important career upon
which he was about to enter. In 1S55 he became editor
and proprietor of the Mansfield Herald, with which he was
connected until 18G2, when he assumed charge of the
Hancock Jeffersonian. About this time he first employed
the nom tie plume of “ Petroleum V. Nasby,” under which
he has become famous. In 1866 he became connected with
the Toledo Blade , and still contributes to its editorial col-
umns, though he some time since retired from its editorship.
He is now associated with the advertising agency firm of
Bates & Locke, No. 34 Park Row, New York. Mr.
Locke’s political affiliations have been with the Whig and
Republican parties. Of the latter he has become one of
the most influential members, and has, perhaps, aided it
more practically through his incisive caricatures of the
opposition, in his illustrations of the “ Cross-Roads,” than
any other journalist. “Nasby” was heard of during the
war and jumped into popularity at his debut. The piquant
humor of bis descriptions was heightened by his amusingly
defective orthography, a result which has not been as
happily effected by imitators, of whom scores sprang at
once into existence, and dropped almost as rapidly into
evanescence. Mr. Locke possessed a native, not a labori-
ously acquired art for presenting political situations in the
clearest and most unmistakable manner, through the media
of facetious narratives of the political events at the “ Con-
federate Cross-Roads.” His wit was mainly directed against
the Democracy, and party measures and party fallacies were
traced, in their consequences at the “ Roads,” under the
administration of Nasby, Bascom, I’ogram, McPheltcr, et al.
The most popular of his recent travesties was, perhaps, that
which hit off the position of the party on the currency
question. I. ike all his former productions, it was copied
into nearly all the papers of the country, and was also
issued in pamphlet form, and had an immense sale. In all
his political humorous writings, his effort was lo show
through the farce an actual drama, and there has been no
man connected with modern American journalism who
possessed a greater degree of talent in this direction than
Mr. Locke. Nasby secured a worldwide reputation, and

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.KI >1 A.

thousands made his acquaintance where only hundreds met
Locke. The modern country politician, poor to ragged-
ness, in whose estimation a village poslnnistership was cly-
siuni, w ho aped <li aim lion, however low, in the civil scale,
and willing to resort to any scheme to obtain it, was his
prototype, and the caricatures drawn by Mr. Locke rarely
did him injustice in a single trait of morals or physique.
Of recent years he has been recognized as one of our most
popular lecturers. Ilis oral narratives, bis spoken wit, and
humorous delineations, generally in the discussion of politi-
cal themes, are exceedingly enjoyable, and seem to catch
the fancy of the lecture-attending public much more rapidly
than the discourses of speakers divested of humor altogether,
lie has lectured in all the principal cities of the continent,
and has everywhere been welcomed by very large audiences.
In 1S68 he was tendered the Postmastership of Toledo, but
declined the offer, preferring to give his attention entirely
to the duties of a journalist and private citizen. Within the
past few months, Mr. Locke, with Mr. Hates, his previous
partner, have associated themselves with Mr. Yost, the in-
ventor of the great American Type Writer, in the proprie-
torship of that new labor-saving machine, and should time
and experience realize all that is hoped from it, possibly
his connection with that may not prove a less foundation
for his future remembrance than his “ Nasby ” letters, of
which he is very sanguine, lie was married in 1854.

TEPIIAN, ANDREW, Rrewer, was born in Bava-
ria, Germany, November 9th, 1816, and received
a common school education, lie was apprenticed
to the tanning trade, and served three years.
Thereafter he went to Strasburg, Lyons, Iiezan-
con, Dijon, Paris, and Ilavre-de-Grace, working
at his business in all. Emigrating to zVmerica, he arrived
July 24th, 1836, and worked as a journeyman for John
Smith, of Milan, Ohio, for the small remuneration of seven-
teen dollars per month. At the end of six months he began
business for himself in company with A. Zahm. This co-
partnership existed for seven years, when he sold out and
moved, in 1842, to Maumee City, then the large city of the
Maumee Valley, built a tannery, commenced business, and
carried it on until 1S50. Then he moved to Toledo, and
started the same business in connection with John M. Col-
lins, who was unfortunately killed in the machinery during
the first year of the partnership. 'Phis accident compelled
him to close up the business, and in the spring of 1853 he
converted the tannery into a brewery, in the conduct of
which he continued in association with P. I.enk until the
fall of 1857, when he sold out his interest. In the fall of
the same year he purchased of J. Kohler the site on which
his brewery now stands. The building then on it was
small, but he has enlarged it from year to year, until he has
now one of the most complete breweries in the city. In

t-35

1861 lie received the appointment of Collector of the Port
from President Lincoln, and held the position until 1864,
when he resigned, lie has always taken a deep interest
In the development of Toledo, and in 18(19 was elected
Councilman from the f irst ward, representing that constit-
uency faithfully and ably for four years. In the same year
he was elected Treasurer of Lucas county, ami occupied
that post most acceptably for four years. Since that time
he has devoted himself exclusively to his own business. In
politics lie was a Whig, and is now a Republican, taking an
active part in the movements of his party. He was mar-
ried, in 1837, to Elizabeth Zahm.

ISIIER, SAMUEL SPARKS, Lawyer, was born,
April nth, 1832, in St. Joseph county, Michigan.
His father was Dr. James C. Fisher, son of the
Rev. Samuel Fisher, D. D., a prominent Presby-
terian clergyman, and Alice Coggswell, who
came of a well-known Connecticut family. Dr.
James C. Fisher married Eliza Sparks, daughter of Samuel
Sparks, a shipping merchant of Philadelphia, who did good
service in the war of 1812, reaching the rank of major.
Soon after graduating in New York city, Dr. Fisher married
and went West, returning to the East shortly after the birth
of the subject of this sketch. Samuel Sparks Fisher spent
the earlier 'years of his childhood in New York city, where
his father was for some time professor of chemistry in the
University of New York. He very early developed an
unusual taste for chemistry, in theory and in practice, and
gave frequent exhibitions of the mechanical genius which,
in his professional life, was <!b eminently serviceable to him.
lie spent many of his hours in his father’s laboratory,
eagerly laying hold of whatever knowledge came in his
way, and often experimenting with a success wonderful for
his years. He took readily to books. It is said that he
could read the Bible fluently when he was four years old.
When Samuel was seven years old he went to Virginia with
his father, who had accepted the superintendency of a gold
mine in that State. Remaining there one year the family
returned to New York, Dr. Fisher becoming connected
with Professor Morse in his electro-magnetic experiments.
Samuel took great delight in these experiments, and gained
a practical insight into the workings of Morse’s great inven-
tion. The boy was stimulated, encouraged, and aided in
his search for knowledge by his father, a man of unusual
culture. In 1841, when Samuel had reached the age of
nine years, he was placed in charge of his grandparents, at
Bloomfield, New Jersey, where he attended school for one
year. He was then sent to the preparatory school at West
Point, for the benefit of the peculiar discipline of that in-
stitution. At fhe end of a year he rejoined his father’s
family, which had located at Philadelphia, lie entered a
grammar school and was progressing rapidly, when he con-

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

ceived the idea of entering mercantile life, and asked. to be
placed in a store. Two years as a buy in various establish-
ments sufficed to prove to him and his family that his voca-
tion did not lay in that line, lie returned to the grammar
school and applied his time anil energy to his studies. At
the age of fifteen years he entered the Philadelphia High
School, taking rank at the head of his class. Here he
made rapid progress, developing considerable talent for
oratory and drawing, both of which natural gifts he im-
proved and afterwards made of practical service. In addi-
tion to his school work he produced some creditable prose
anil poetry, which was published in the newspapers. Feb-
ruary 13th, 1851, at the age of nineteen years, lie graduated
from the high school, his position as head of his class en-
titling him to deliver the honorary address. Shortly before
graduating he was one of two scholars, chosen for profi-
ciency in phonography, to report an important law case in
which Francis Wharton, an eminent lawyer of Philadelphia,
was interested. Mr. Wharton was so well pleased with
their work that he offered the young men an opportunity to
read law in his office, and both accepted. During the three
years Mr. Fisher passed in Mr. Wharton’s office he taught
one year as an assistant professor in the high school and
two years in charge of a private school. In 1S54 he went
to Cincinnati, where he continued his law studies in the law
office of Taft, Keys & Perry, remaining with this firm until
his admission to the bar. He turned his attention to patent
law, a special practice for which he had rare qualifications.
Business came to him plentifully, and it was not many years
before his practice was so large in the Fast that he was
obliged to associate with him General Samuel A. Duncan,
who took charge of the New York office of the firm. Mr.
Fisher achieved a national reputation as an acute lawyer,
an honest counsellor, and an advocate with few equals.
Mr. Justice lilatehford, of New York, once said in open
court that he was “ the best patent lawyer in the United
States.” October 2d, 1856, he married Aurelia Crossette,
in Morris county, New Jersey. The two were joined by
the bride’s father, Rev. Robert Crossette. When the Con-
federate army invaded Ohio Mr. Fisher responded to the
call for hundred days’ men. lie joined the service, May
2d, 1S114, as Colonel of the ijSth Regiment Ohio National
Guards. The regiment proceeded South in haste, arriving
at l'ort Spring Hill, opposite Point of Rocks, on Sunday,
June 19th. After a month of active service with the Army
of the James, it was ordered to Cherrystone Inlet, eastern
shore of Virginia, and he was directed to assume command
of all the land forces. In this responsible place he dis-
charged his duties with the zeal and fidelity which marked
him through life. Having served four months, his regiment
was mustered out at Camp Dennison. Shortly after his re-
turn home he reluctantly yielded to the solicitation of Gen-
eral f. I >. Cox, President Grant's lust Secretary of the In-
terior, and accepted the Commissioner-ship of Patents. 1 1 is
associates in the bureau give abundant testimony of the

reforms which he inaugurated, and the enthusiasm and
efficiency with which he performed his duties. At the
earnest request of the President he held the Commissioner-
ship of Patents for some time after Secretary Cox retired
front the cabinet. Returning to Cincinnati he found his
professional services more in request than ever. His prac-
tice continued to grow until his sudden taking off. On the
1st of August, 1874, with his bright son Robbie, then in his
eleventh year, he started from Elmira to make a canoe
voyage to Philadelphia, whence they were to join Mrs.
Fisher and her daughter Edith, at Pigeon Cove, Massachu-
setts. All went well until the voyagers had passed Harris-
burg by some fifteen miles and came upon the rapids known
as Conewago Falls, the most dangerous point in the Susque-
hanna. They were last seen alive on the afternoon of
August 13th, just above the falls. Later in the day the
bodies were recovered and cared for, until taken by the
family to Cincinnati. Father and son were buried together
in the Cemetery of Spring Grove. The news of Colonel
Fisher’s untimely death created a painful sensation wherever
he was known. Touching tributes were paid to his memory
by the Young Men’s Christian Association, of which he
was a useful member, by his former associates and his suc-
cessor in the patent office, by the survivors of his regiment,
and by the bars of Cleveland and Cincinnati. The meeting
of the Cincinnati bar was attended by the leading men in
the profession, who united in expressing their high regard
for the deceased as a man, a lawyer, and a Christian gentle-
man. Judge Alfonso Taft, since Secretary of War, spoke
of him as a student in his office, and referred tenderly to
his gentle heart and brilliant mind. Colonel Fisher was an
active member of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cin-
cinnati for many years. Il^was prominent in mission and
Sunday-school work. He gave freely of his time and
money to the cause of Christianity. In life he gave his
services, in death he left.a rare example to his fellows.

A 1 .1- S, CHARI T.S Til EODORE, Secretary of the
g. I I Board of Trade of Toledo, was born in Fenner,
II Madison county, New York, December 2d, 1827.
c^T.9 He was educated at Lockport, New York, and
c ^ Toledo. Life commenced for him in a printing
office, where he was apprenticed for five years.
1 1 is apprenticeship ended, he worked as a journeyman,
until in the spring of 1849 he commenced the publication
of a Free-Soil journal in Brooklyn, New York, with Hern
S. M. Johnson as editor, and Walt Whitman associate edi-
tor, putting forward the name of Thomas II. Benton, of
Missouri, for President in 1S52. He resumed printing as a
journeyman, in January, 1850, and followed it until the
spring of 1861, when he took the position of City and
Commercial Editor of the Toledo Made. In this capacity
he continued until August, 1873. During this period, in

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/EDIA.

637

1 868, lie was elected Secretary of the Toledo Board of
Trade, the duties of which ollice he still discharges with
distinguished fidelity and ability. Politically, he has been
a Republican since casting bis iirsl vote, lie has been a
member of the Masonic fraternity for many years, and is
now Worshipful Master of Sanford L. Collins Lodge, No.
396, of Ohio.

|f^VT ANTON, WILLIAM, M. D., Physician, was
horn, July 5th, 1809, in Cookstown, county of
Tyrone, Ireland, and is the third of seven chil-
dren, whose parents were James and Margaret
(Harkness) Stanton. Ills parents were both na-
tives of the north of Ireland, and members of the
United Church of England and Ireland. 1 1 is father was a
farmer by occupation, and lived on his farm near Cooks-
town until his death, November 1 ith, 1872; his wife having
preceded him on August 23d, 1861. Neither of them
ever came to America. Dr. Stanton received a liberal
education at a famous academy in his native town. To-
wards the close of 1826 he went into a drug store in that
place to learn the business, remaining there about a year,
when he proceeded to Edinburgh, Scotland, where he
matriculated at the celebrated Royal University of that city,
and entered upon a course of medical study, with a view of
practising that profession. In the autumn of 1831 he
graduated with honor from the university, receiving the
degree of Doctor of Medicine. In the Spring of 1832 he
sailed for the United Slates, and landed first in Philadel-
phia, where he tarried on a visit of a few weeks, and
thence proceeded to Ohio, and located first at New Carlisle,
Clarke county, where he commenced the practice of medi-
cine. lie remained there until January, 1834, when he
removed to Steubenville, where he has since resided, and
has established an extensive and lucrative practice. lie
has been for a number of years an active and influential
member of the Ohio State Medical Association. In politi-
cal sentiment he is a Republican, but has never sought nor
held any public office whatever. In religious belief he is a
member ol the Protestant Episcopal Church. 1 1 is manners
are pleasant, social, and courteous, and he enjoys the
esteem ami respect of his fellow townsmen.

D., Founder and Prcs-

(5(d)

7^4 I'l'F.N, HORACE B., M.

ident of the National Surgical Institute, was
born in Athens county, Ohio, October 21st,
1834. His father, Joseph Allen, was a farmer,
and died when Horace was but seventeen years
of age. He was at that early age remarkable for
his mechanical ingenuity, having from his early boyhood
manufactured and invented nearly all of the implements
used on his father’s farm. He could construct a wagon,

plow, rake, harrow, or build houses and barns. After his
father’s death he resolved to educate himself and his four
sisteis, and support his mother. The farm aided him in
this most laudable enterprise only to the extent of from two
to three hundred dollars per year. The professors of the
Ohio University gave him permission to sell books to the
students, which, with hard labor, and profits on his specu-
lations in government lands, furnished money for the
expenses of himself and family. About this time he
spent some time in studying law, expecting to adopt the
legal profession. In the winter of 1855-56 he examined
personally and purchased government lands in Iowa,
While on -that expedition the thermometer often indicated
twenty to thirty degrees below zero, lie then returned
to Ohio and graduated from the Cleveland Medical Col-
lege in 1857. 'Ibis was a disappointment to many of
his friends, who desired him to be a lawyer. He then
removed to Des Moines, Iowa, but soon after located
in Charleston, Illinois, where he practised his profession,
kept a drug store, and was President of the First National
Bank, in which he had a controlling interest. At this
time he concluded that counting money was not helping
humanity', and therefore rpiit the bank and devoted himself
entirely to practice. Subsequently, however, he speculated
in Chicago real estate, and realized a profit of $50,000 on a
single transaction. On July 1st, 1869, he removed to In-
dianapolis, Indiana, and at once began to improve the city
by making several additions, laying out streets, building
houses, etc. The establishing of the National Surgical In-
stitute has been the great event of his life. Like every
other great philanthropic enterprise, it had its origin in sym-
pathy for individual suffering. This can be illustrated by a
little incident which occurred in 1856. While Dr. Allen
was attending a course of medical lectures in one of the
principal hospitals of the country, his attention was arrested
by the case of a little sufferer from disease of the spine —
a little girl some five years of age, who was presented for
treatment to a surgeon of skill and celebrity then in charge
of the hospital. Her parents were informed that she must
remain in the hospital under the immediate care of the sur-
geon, and might be obliged for some months to lie on her
back in bed. Although the separation from their child was
very trying, they were reconciled in the hope of a cure for
their darling child. It is only necessary to say that the lit-
tle exile from home was grieved, terrified, and being alone
with strangers, was tortured with the fiery, blazing “ moxa,”
and other modes of treatment known at that time as orthodox.
Slowly the many weeks rolled on, and she became a mere
skeleton. Her mother came and would never have recog-
nized her little darling but for the eyes that grew brighter
at her coming. Her wasted arms were clasped tightly and
pleadingly around her neck, and her feeble cry was,
“ Mother, dear mother, take me home.” The little victim
that had been offered 3 sacrifice upon the altar of ortho-
doxy, was taken home, where, with plenty of fresh air

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ami food, she partially recovered from her terrible wounds,
and lived lor many years, Imt dwarfed in stature and
sadly deformed. This case, with its revolting history,
suggested to |)r. Allen the necessity for a humane and
rational treatment of dclormity and disease. From this
suggestion sprang a resolution to seek a better way, and if
science and reason could possibly afford relief, a life’s study
should be devoted to the amelioration of such and other
cases. 1 1 is life from that time has beeu almost wholly
devoted to discovering and adopting every means of humane,
pleasant, and effective treatment for all serious deformities
and diseases which come within the range of his special
practice. Some sixteen years have passed since I)r. Allen
began to carry into effect plans to relieve the afflicted, and
the most gratifying and assured success has rewarded the
pioneer enterprise. The institute is to-day a proud monu-
ment of liberality and skill, anil is prominent among the
most philanthropic enterprises of the age; is fulfilling its
great mission of subserving to the relief of human misery
every discovery, invention, and improvement within the
scope of science and at the command of money. The
National Surgical Institute was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Indiana, with a capital of $500,000,
with the avowed object of treating all cases of surgery and
chronic diseases; also, engaging in the manufacture of sur-
gical and mechanical appliances, splints, bandages, machin-
ery, and other articles needed for the treatment of the
afflicted; also, with authority to teach others the same art.
The eminent success attained cannot be overestimated.
The magnanimous treatment of the poor, the moderate fees
demanded of the rich, and the explicit and candid manner
in which all are treated, have gained for the institute the
confidence and support of good people throughout the
country. It has aKo been indorsed and sustained by all
the intelligent physicians who have availed themselves of
an opportunity to study its claims to merit by visiting the
institute. The organization now consists of four large,
complete institutions, each amply equipped with all neces-
sary facilities. They are located in Indianapolis, Indiana;
l’hilndclphia, Pennsylvania; Atlanta, Georgia; and San
Francisco, California. At Indianapolis the Central Division
owns and occupies a block ol buildings four stories high,
covering one-quarter of a square, on the corner of 1 llinois and
Georgia streets. These buildings are provided with sleep-
ing rooms to accommodate three hundred patients. On the
lower story of the east wing are thirteen offices, which are
occupied for prescription, operating, consultation, apparatus,
etc. Hack of the main buildings and connected with them
is a machine shop in which are manufactured all kinds of
apparatus and machinery for the institute. In this shop,
with its forty horse power steam engine, and other machinery,
are employed twenty to thirty skilled workmen, who arc en-
gaged constantly, from year to year, in manufacturing appli-
ances for patients of the institution. The expense of this
department in labor, material, and incidentals, amounts to

over $75,000 per annum. On the second floor are parlors
and the dining hall, a room fifty feel square; also bath
rooms, nursery, where children are placed under charge
of a matron and nurses. The gymnasium, or general
treatment room, is large and lilted up for the requirements
of the patients. Directly connected with this apartment
the Swedish movement machines and appliances — compli-
cated, ingenious, and varied in character and number —
are in full operation, driven by the engine of the shops.
Here also are found electrical machines, batteries, ingenious
inventions for training paralytics to walk, for straightening
crooked backs, contracted or stiff joints, and for the correc-
tion of deformity and paralysis in general. No description
can do justice to this department, or convey full and accur-
ate knowledge of its great advantages and worth. The
remainder of the third door is used for sleeping rooms.
The statement of the Recording Secretary shows that there
have been treated at the institute 32,821 cases, which in-
clude all kinds of deformities and diseases. If to this large
number all of the charity patients were added, the number
would be astonishingly large. It is impossible to itemize
the hundreds of thousands of dollars which have been
expended in medicines and apparatus. Thirty physicians,
surgeons, and assistants, whose medical education has been
according to the strictest professional code, have performed
this mighty work of relieving and restoring to health suffering
humanity. Dr. Allen is now but little more than forty-one
years of age, yet the wonderful work he has accomplished
would seem to have required at least threescore and ten
years. lie is a member of the First Presbyterian Church
of Indianapolis, and is a liberal contributor to all charitable
enterprises. Notwithstanding the great amount of work he
daily performs at the institute, he finds time to interest
himself in the welfare of the city, and is President of the
street railroads and other institutions. In May, 1856, he
married Harriet E. Shepard, by whom he has four children.

EDGES, JOSIAII, the founder of Tiffin, Ohio, was
born, April 9th, 1778, near West Liberty, Berke-
ley county, Virginia, lie left his father’s home
at an early age, with the determination to carve
out his own fortune. The first enterprise which
he undertook on his own account was a trading
excursion to New Orleans on a flat-boat laden with fruit,
which he floated down the Ohio river from Wheeling to
New Orleans, the voyage lasting six weeks. He finally
settled in Ohio, in iSot, one year before it was admitted as
a State, and located in Belmont county, where for a number
of years he was one of its most active hud prominent citi-
zens. He was the first Sheriff of that county, and for a
term of years Clerk of the Court, lie next engaged in the
mercantile business at St. Clairsville. His capital was lim-
ited, but was slowly and surely increased by prudence and

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sagacity. In those days merchants in the West were wont
to purchase their goods in Philadelphia, journeying across
the Allegheny mountains on horseback, uul carrying their
specie in their saddle bags. In 1819 he opened a branch
store in Mansfield, having as a partner his brother, General
|.unes Hedges. Soon after this he removed from St.
C'lairsville to Manslield, and in 1820 made a journey to
l ull llall — it now being a part of 1 dim. lie immediately
decided to enter the land opposite to Port Ball, on the east side
of the Sandusky river, on which the county seat was located
and the city of Tiffin was afterwards built; and proceeding
to the Land Office at Delaware, Ohio, made the purchase
of the same from the government. In 1S22 the first stick
was cut on that part of Tiffin now in the hirst ward, and
during the same year the first frame house on the town
plat was erected and used as a store — now known as the
“Old Masonic llall.” He also built, in that same year, a
Homing mill on the Sandusky river, and a saw-mill on
Rocky creek, both of which were largely patronized by the
pioneers of that day. By a prudent and liberal course in
disposing of his town lots he saw the [dace increase steadily
in population, and in 1828 he secured the removal of the
Land Office from Delaware to Tiffin, thus giving the town
a renewed impetus. In 1831 he was chosen to represent
the district in the Ohio Legislature, serving one session.
In 1S37 he disposed of his store to a son, and retired from
trade, giving his attention from that time until his death to
his real estate interests in Tiffin, which were necessarily
very large. In his younger days he was an athletic and
vigorous man, and in his old age retained in a remarkable
degree his manly sense and vigor of mind, transacting and
managing up to the last his own business affairs. He was
generous and just in his dealings with his fellow-men,
benevolent to all Christian denominations, in most cases
donating the lots on which their churches were erected, and
was liberal towards all public improvements, lie was a
friend to the poor, as many citizens can testify, well remem-
bering his kindness and leniency to them. In all the
relations of life he was a just and a sincere man. He was
a good citizen and a true and steadfast friend. Asa father,
alVeelionale and indulgent; and by his kindred, both old
and young, he will ever be gratefully remembered. To
him they could always go, and his heart was ever open to
them, llis sagacity and foresight were such that his advice
was often sought; anil so excellent was his judgment that
he rarely erred in giving it. Although not a member of
any church, he was a good and true man, and upon his
dying couch he expressed to his friends a willingness to
die, and assured them of his unfaltering trust in that
“ Saviour who has promised to save all who may turn to-
wards Him in faith and penitence.” He dropped away
quietly, as if but entering upon a sleep. W ithout a groan
or struggle the good old man took his departure and passed
away “ like one that draws the drapery of his couch about
him and lies down to pleasant dreams.” lie was first

married, September 29th, 1S03, to Rebecca Russell, in Bel-
mont county, Ohio, and had by this union six children, two
only of whom are now liring — Mrs. Rebecca Walker,
widow of Joseph Walker; and Mrs. Clarinda Hunter,
widow of William Hunter, all of Tiffin, llis first wife
died July 8th, 1816, aged thirty-one years. Afler a wiilow-
erhood of one year he was married, July loth, 1817, to
Eliza Hammerly, of Martinsburg, Virginia, having by this
marriage nine children, of whom six are still living — his
son, William C. Hedges, a real estate dealer in Tiffin;
Cynthia A., wife of Luther A. Hall; Mary Jane, wife of
A. C. Baldwin; Minerva, wife of Harrison Noble; Eliza-
beth, wife of John G. Gross, all residents of Tiffin; and
Sarah V., wife of W. AY. Armstrong, of the Plain Dealer,
Cleveland, Ohio, llis second wife died November 10th,
1837. He was last married, October 29th, 1844, to Harriet,
daughter of Henry Snook, of Seneca county, who survives
him. lie died in Tiffin, July 15th, 1858.

X

a

%?

CLEAN, IION. DANIEL, Farmer and Banker,
was born, October 3d, 1S05, in Ross county,
Ohio, and is the youngest child of Duncan and
Elizabeth (McGaraugh) McLean. llis father
was a native of Scotland, who through life fol-
lowed agricultural pursuits. lie emigrated to
America in 1760, and settled first in Westmoreland county,
Pennsylvania, removing to Ohio in 1S05, and located in
Ross county, where he resided until his death, August 2d,
1806. He had married Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph
McGaraugh, an early settler of Westmoreland county,
Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish\xtraction. She died January
1st, 1850. Daniel obtained only a limited education, being
that obtained in the common schools in the neighborhood
of his father’s farm. When fourteen years old he became
a clerk in a store in Washington, Fayette county, where he
labored very industriously until 1830, when he went into
business on his own account, keeping a general store, and
was thus employed for some ten years. In 1840 he re-
moved to his farm in Union township, adjacent to Wash-
ington, where he has since resided. In 1S63 he was
elected President of the First National Bank, and associated
banking with agricultural pursuits; commencing with a
capital of #75, 000 , which has since been increased to
#300,000. His political views are those of the Republican
party, lie cast his first Presidential vote for John Quincy
Adams. In 1826 he was elected Coroijcr of Fayette
county, and served in that office for four years. In 1842 he
was appointed Associate Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas of the same county, by the Governor of Ohio, and in
1843 was elected to the same office, being on the bench
about eight years. In 1851 he was elected a Director of
the Cincinnati, Wilmington iV Zanesville Railroad Com-
pany, and served in that capacity for thirteen years, lie is

.

o

040

BIOGRAPHICAL FNCVCI.OIbFDIA.

a large stockholder in the Dayton & Southeastern Railroad,
and in the Springfield, Jackson & l’omeroy Railroad Com-
panies. lie is also largely interested in the capital slock
ol tin? Coal A Iron Company of Wellslon, Jackson county.
Religiously, his views are not circumscribed hy the creed
of any particular church. Socially, he is pleasant, frank,
and aflahle. He has led a temperate life, and has been a
hard worker, giving his whole soul to whatever matter
engaged his attention, lie started out in life with no
capital but his industry, energy, and perseverance, and
having been the architect of his own fortunes, can point to
his present commanding position as the result of what
untiring diligence can perform. lie may with great pro-
priety be termed a self-made man. lie was married in
1S30 to Helena, daughter of Dr. John Boyd, a prominent
physician and early pioneer of Highland county, Ohio.
She died in 1S49, having been the mother of five children,
lie was again married in 1852 to Mary Sprague, a native
of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, who died in 1854. He
was united in marriage, in 1S56, to Matilda, daughter of
Isaac Ilaglcr, an early pioneer of Fayette county, who is
still living.

OZADD, FRANK M., Attorney-at-Law, was born
in Lewis county, Virginia, on March 19th, 1S37.
1 1 is father moved to Ohio in 1845, and died dur-
ing the same year. He is self educated, having
been left at his father’s death entirely dependent
on his own resources. A school he never at-
tended after he was eleven years of age, but by close study
he succeeded in securing a substantial knowledge of the
ordinary branches of information. In 1852 he moved to
Cincinnati, arriving in the city without money or friends,
‘llis first employment was obtained in a dry-goods store as
errand boy. There he remained for four years, when he
began the study of law in the office of Judge Baldwin, at
Blanchester, Ohio. After completing his legal studies, in
i860, he removed to Iowa and commenced the practice of
his profession. When the war broke out, in 1861, he re-
turned to Virginia, having interests there, and assumed the
editorship of The H'est / iiyiuia J\e/>itl>/iea)i, published at
Buchanan. There he continued until 1866, when, in con-
nection with his brother, (leorge Cozadd, he purchased
The Daily Gazette, a paper published at Parkersburg, West
Virginia, and edited it until 1867. He was, however, on
the wrong side politically for that State, being an outspoken
Democrat ol the Jelfersonian school. This difference be-
tween Ins views and those of a majority of his patrons
caused the business to assume an unprofitable character,
and he gave it up. Returning to Cincinnati to try his for-
tune once more, he resumed the practice of his profession.
During the same year (1SG7) he was married to the
daughter of Colonel James S. Couden, of Warren county,
Ohio. In 1S70 he started a bank in Morrow, Ohio, under

the style of the Morrow Bank. This enterprise proved
cpiite successful, and he continued it until 1874. At this
lime, loving his profession better than banking, notwith-
standing the more profitable character of the latter, he
again turned his whole attention to the practice of law in
Cincinnati, lie now enjoys an extensive and lucrative
practice, with the high regard of his clients and a large
circle of friends. In the fullest sense of the term he is a
self-made man.

fift ORRIS, JONATHAN, M. D., was born on De-
®iij| ; cember 1st, 1824, in Morgan county, Ohio, lie

jjIJ 1 was the sixth of seven children, whose parents

"ere Abraham and Sophia (Kughn) Morris.
» jjj « llis father — of Seotch-Irish extraction — -was a
native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania,
and followed through life the trade of carpenter. He
moved to Ohio about 1S18, settling in Guernsey county,
whence he removed in 1822 to Morgan county, where he
lived till his death, in 1835. He was a soldier in the war
of 1812. Jonathan’s mother was of German family, but
was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania. The lad was
early taught moral and industrious habits. He worked on
a farm when a boy, attending school in winter, llis edu-
cation w'as liberal, and obtained by his own exertions. Left
fatherless at the age of eleven, he worked for an uncle for
eighteen months; and then for about a year on a farm, at
five dollars a month. In 1838 he entered a store in Wash-
ington county, and clerked for about two years. Thereafter
he pursued the same calling in Gallipolis for about five
years, studying the while medicine, and for a year law,
which he abandoned from conscientious scruples. In 1845
he gave his whole attention to medicine, under the direction
of Dr. James M.Cromley, of Gallipolis, reading assiduously
for about two years and attending lectures at Cleveland
Medical College, where he graduated in 1847. He at once
began practice in Burlington, Ohio. A year later he moved
to Powellsville, Scioto county, but in five months started
merchandising at 1 larrisonville, so continuing for about two
years. In 1850 he sold out his store and resumed practice
for three years in Ironton. In 1853 he passed five months
speculating at Gallipolis, whence he moved to Ashland,
Kentucky, and practised for three years, also editing a
newspaper and carrying on a store. During 1856 he moved
on to a farm near Burlington, Ohio, and stayed there one
year. Then he returned to Ironton, where he has since re-
sided and enjoyed an extensive medical practice, except
during the war. In 1861 he entered the army as Surgeon
of the 9th Virginia Regiment, and served with it till the
spring of 1865, being mainly with the 8th Army Corps,
in Virginia, part of the time as Brigade Surgeon and part
as Division Surgeon. Captured at Guyandotte, Virginia,
on November 10th, 1861, he was confined in Libby prison
for four months, then paroled and afterwards exchanged.

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

641

11c is a Republican, hut has never sought political office.
In 1X73 lie wax elected to the Legislature, and served two
years, lie is a member of the Methodist Church, and is
remarkable for high character, untiring energy and in-
dustry. In 1848 he was married to Emily J. Wilson, a
native of Cabell county, Virginia.

EATTY, 1ION. JOHN, son of Janies and Eliza-
beth (Williams) Beatty, was born near Sandusky,
Ohio, December 16th, 1S28. He received a good
common school education, and located in busi-
ness at Cardington, Ohio, where he engaged in
banking, lie was an active supporter of John
P. Hale for the Presidency in 1852, and of John C. Fre-
mont in 1856, and was a Presidential elector on the Re-
publican ticket in i860. At the outbreak of the rebellion
he raised a company for the Union army, was unanimously
chosen Captain, and reported with his men to the Adjutant-
General on the 19th of April, 1861. He was elected
Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d Ohio Infantry, and re-elected
to that position when the regiment, at the expiration of its
three months’ enlistment, reorganized for the three years’
service. Colonel Beatty was with Generals McClellan and
Rosecrans in their campaign in western Virginia, and in the
winter of 1861-62 was transferred to Kentucky and as-
signed to General O. M. Mitehel’s division. In the spring
of 1862 he was commissioned a Colonel, and accompanied
Mitchel in his descent upon northern Alabama, taking part
in the affair at Bridgeport, in that State, and was subse-
quently appointed Provost Marshal at Huntsville. Here-
turned with the army to the Ohio river, and fought at the
head of his regiment in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky,
in October, 1862. lie commanded a brigade at Stone
River, and, on the first day of the battle, as is stated in Van
Horne’s “ History of the Army of the Cumberland,” his
command, in conjunction with Sheppard’s, Scribner’s and
the pioneer brigades, “ saved the centre, and the army.”
On the night of January jd he attacked a portion of the
enemy’s works lying near the Murfreesboro’ pike, and
carried them at the point of the bayonet. Soon after this
he was commissioned a Brigadier-General, to rank from
November 29th, 1S62, and participated in the Tullnhoma
campaign, during which he dislodged the enemy from his
position on Elk river. He afterwards served, by appoint-
ment of General George If. Thomas, ns President of a
Board to examine applicants for commissions in colored
regiments; was with the army in the Chattanooga cam-
paign, led the advance into Georgia, struck the enemy at
Johnson’s Crook and Cooper’s Gap, and was with Generals
11 lire! and Negh y in the affair at Dug Gap. In the battle
of Chickamauga General Beatty commenced the fighting of
the liisl day on the extreme right of the line, and of the
second day on the extreme left, and continued on the field
81

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9

until the battle ended. On the day following he repulsed
a heavy reconnoitring column of the enemy at Rossville.
lie was on the left with Sherman at Mission Ridge, but
during the battle his command formed a part of the reserve.
On the day following he led in pursuit of the enemy, and
overtaking the rebel General Maury at Graysville, engaged
and finally drove him from his position by a charge. He
then accompanied General Sherman in the march to Knox-
ville for the relief of Burnside. In 1864 he resigned, for
personal reasons. General Beatty was elected to the
Fortieth Congress, and served as a member of the Commit-
tee on Invalid Pensions. He was re-elected by an in-
creased majority to the Forty-first Congress, and served as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds. He was re-elected, again by an increased
majority, to the Forty-second Congress, and served as
Chairman of the House Joint Committee on Printing. At
the close of his term he was strongly solicited to be again
the candidate of his party for re-election, but declined.
He now resides in Columbus, where he is engaged in the
business of banking.

IIOEMAKER, ROBERT M., Railroad Promoter,
was born, October 21st, 1S15, in the town of
German Flats, now the village of Mohawk, Her-
kimer county, New York. 1 1 is ancestors were
among the early Dutch settlers of the Mohawk
country. His father was a man of prominence in
that section. He was largely intrusted with the adminis-
tration and settlement of estates, and to help him in his
labors he had his son, Robert, study surveying. In 1834,
at the age of nineteen, Robert was employed as “ forward
chainman ” by N. S. Roberts, State Engineer, who was
then engaged in improving the Erie canal. In the follow-
ing year he obtained a mathematical education at Cazenovia
Seminary. On the Utica & Schenectady Railroad he ac-
quired a knowledge of civil engineering. Before the com-
pletion of the road he became Assistant Resident Engineer.
I11 1S36 he was one of a party who made a survey for a
railroad in Canada, a task which English engineers had
twice failed to accomplish. It was completed in less than
three months, after much hard work and exposure. This
work done, he was employed to go to Ohio to make surveys
for what is now known as the Lake Shore road. In Oc-
tober, 1 S37 , at the age of twenty-two, he was appointed
Chief Engineer of the Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad.
An engine for this road, which was landed from a schooner
at Sandusky City in July, 1838, was the first locomotive in
Ohio. It was called the “ Sandusky.” In 1838 lie was
appointed Chief Engineer of the Little Miami Railroad, but
at the same time retained his position on the Mad river en-
terprise. The first locomotive, the “Governor Morrow,”
was pul upon the Little Miami road, under his superin-
tendence, in 1840. From 1843 to 1849, as funds could be

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642

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

obtained, lie continued to prosecute the Mad river enter-
prise. At the latter date lie accepted the appointment of
Chief Engineer on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton
Railroad. This road, one of the best built in Ohio, was
completed in 1X51. In 1 852 he resigned this position and
accepted that of Engineer-in Chief on the Covington &
Lexington Railroad, in Kentucky, which he built as far as
Cynlhiana, in that State. Leaving this enterprise, he un-
dertook the construction of the Dayton & Michigan Rail-
road, between Dayton and Toledo. Its progress was
impeded by the inability of the company to sell its bonds.
Realizing the importance of the work, he induced several
capitalists to co-operate with him in the completion of the
work as a speculation. After much hard work they were
eventually successful. A perpetual lease of the road was
soon after given to the Cincinnati, Hamilton <S: Dayton
Railroad Company, the owners realizing handsomely from
their investment. In the summer of 1S65 the now promi-
nent and successful railroad promoter was induced to join
in the construction of the Kansas Pacific Railroad. He
built that portion of the road from Leavenworth to Fort
Wallace, Kansas, a distance of four hundred and five miles.
This was accomplished by October, 1868, at which date he
severed his connection with the enterprise. He had many
difficulties to contend with not in his contract. A cholera
scourge swept off two hundred and thirty of his men in the
short space of two weeks, and the hostility of the Indians
led to the killing and wounding of many others. lie re-
turned to Ohio in 1S6S, and for a long time refused any
professional employment. In the summer of 1S70 he was
induced to undertake the construction of the Cincinnati &
Springfield Railroad, known as the “ Dayton Short Line.”
lie is now the President and moving spirit of the enter-
prise. His life has been one of great business activity and
hard work, and has been prolific of good results to his
fellow men. He is one of the foremost pioneer railroad
men of the West. He has an office in Cincinnati, and
a residence at Glendale.

AGUE, SINCLAIR MERRYMAN, Lawyer, was
born, July 61I1, 1834, in Leesville, Carroll county,
Ohio, of American parentage and English de-
scent. He was educated in the common schools,
leaving the latter in 1S51, when he commenced
teaching; and was so occupied until 1855 in the
counties of Tuscarawas, Harrison and Carroll. He then
commenced the study of law with George W. Mcllvaine,
now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and was
admitted to the bar at Zanesville, September 12th, 1857.
He commenced his legal practice at New Philadelphia,
where he continued until 1859, when he removed to
Florida, Henry county, where he taught school during that
winter. On May 8th, i860, he again changed his location,
and finally settled at Napoleon, where he resumed the prac-

tice of law, and where he has since resided. By strict
attention to all matters intrusted to bis care be lias secured
a large and lucrative practice. He is a leading and promi-
nent member ol the United States Law Association. In
political faith he is a Republican. Personally, he is ol
medium stature, prepossessing in appearance, of slender but
compact form, denoting great endurance in mental and
physical labor, lie was married, October 2d, i860, to
Helen O’Hagan, of Shanesville, Tuscarawas county, Ohio.

icpLOVE-R, ELIJAH, Printer, Editor and Lawyer,
was born, May nth, 1811, in Portsmouth, Ohio,
and is the sixth child (of nine) of Elijah and
Catherine (Jones) Glover, berth natives of the
Eastern Shore of Maryland, and early settlers
of Scioto county. His father removed to Ohio in
1798, and first located at Alexandria, Scioto county, re-
moving subsequently to Portsmouth, where he kept an inn
for many years, and also a hat store. In this latter building
the first court of Scioto county held its first session. He
was Sheriff of the county for a number of years, was a
soldier of the war of 1812, and took a very active part in
all the early organizations and public enterprises of that
section. Elijah worked on a farm until he was sixteen, at-
tending school in winter; and being a good student acquired
a better education than generally fell to the lot of the youth
of the frontier settlements in those days. In 1828 he be-
came an apprentice to the printer’s trade in Portsmouth, in
the office of the Western Times, and remained there until
about 1830, when he established a newspaper himself,
called the Portsmouth Cornier, nvhich he edited and pub-
lished for about five years. He also became a bookseller
and publisher, and so continued until 1839, when he was
elected County Auditor, and then disposed of his book and
publication establishment, lie was twice thereafter re-
elected Auditor, and held the office for six years. Mean-
while he read law' with great industry, and in 1847 was
admitted to the bar. lie entered at once upon the practice
of that profession, in which he has continued to the present
time. lie was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1S50, and
held the position one term. In 1866 he was appointed
Register in Bankruptcy by Chief-Justice Chase, and re-
signed that office in 1870. lie was a member of the Ohio
Legislature from January, 1864, to January, 1870, and was
re-elected in 1870. He was originally a Henry Clay Whig,
and latterly a Republican. 1 1 is religious faith is that as
held by the Methodists. He is an earnest and active tem-
perance man, and in 1854 published a temperance paper
called the Life Boat, both daily and weekly issues. He
first advocated temperance principles in 1840. He was
married in 1833 to Sarah J., daughter of George Olhicr,
formerly of Winchester, Virginia, but an early settler of
Scioto county, Ohio,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

643

rTV AAG, IION. JOHN MARION, L:iwycr, Editor
mill Legislator, was bom, August 16th, 1836, in
Union county, Pennsylvania, anil is a son of Peter
11. ami Catharine (Conrad) Haag; bis father was
by profession a lawyer, and descended from a
Holland family, who had been among the lirsl
settlers of New York, lie was educated in Lancaster
county, Pennsylvania, and when seventeen years old went
to Ohio, and entered a printing office in Mrllersburg to learn
the trade. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1859, at New Philadelphia, and commenced
the practice of his profession in 1 uscarawas county. In
July, 1862, he removed to Henry county and settled at
Napoleon, where he still resides and commands an exten-
sive line of patronage. In the spring of 1864 he became
the editor of the Northwest , and conducted that journal with
energy and ability for five or six years, making it the recog-
nised organ of the Democracy of the Tenth Congressional
District. In the autumn of the same year he was elected
Probate Judge of Henry county to till a vacancy, and re-
elected in 1 865. He lias represented his district in the
lower House of the Geneial Assembly during the years
1872-75, where he was recognized as a ready and fair de-
bater, and a formidable adversary. During the last two
years of his service in that body he was Chairman of the
Committee on the Judiciary. He has always been an active,
consistent and energetic Democrat, serving his party both
with his pen and voice in a manner to make warm friends,
and commanding the respect of his adversaries. He is
positive in everything he advances, and sometimes vehement
in enforcing his views. At the bar he has a fair standing,
and is recognized as among the best orators in northwestern
Ohio. He enjoys at present the leading law practice in
Henry county, lie was married, August 17th, 1S65, to
Martha J. Meek, of Henry county, Ohio, and is the father
of three children.

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I

Dt’l'RS, WILLIAM A., Judge, was born, De
Lei comber 91I1, 1S09, in Dauphin county, Pennsyl-
vania, 1 1 is father, Robert Rodgers, was a miller
and farmer. On the mother’s side he was de-
scended from genuine fighting revolutionary stock,
his grandfather, William Allen, having been a
colonel in the revolutionary army, wounded and taken
prisoner at the battle of While Plains, and after the close of
the war appointed a Judge. William Allen Rodgers, after
acquiring such knowledge as was to be acquired at the com-
mon schools, passed through a preparatory course of study,
and then entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pennsyl-
vania. After graduating from this college, he commenced
the study of law in the office of Judge Kennedy, in Pitts-
burgh. At the conclusion of the prescribed course of legal
studies he was admitted to the bar in Pittsburgh, and then in

the fall of 1834 he removed to Ohio. He settled in Spring-
field, and there began the practice of the law. He practised
first in partnership with General Anthony, and afterwards
was associated in his practice with Judge White. Subse-
quently he was elected Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. On September 6th, 1837, he married Elizabeth
Smith, daughter of George Smith, of College Hill, Hamil-
ton county, Ohio, and originally of Dorsetshire, England.
Six children, three daughters and three sons, resulted from
this union. One of the daughters died in childhood, but
the other children survived to grow up. Judge Rodgers
died on May 25th, 1855, leaving an honorable and unstained
memory.

OWEN, IION. BENJAMIN S., Lawyer and Jurist,
was born, September 27th , 1792, in Washington
county, New York, where he was also educated.
He removed to Ohio in 1825, and settled in the
village of Moorfielil, Harrison county, where he
practised medicine for a short time, but subse-
quently studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830.
lie shortly afterwards was appointed Prosecuting Attorney
for Monroe county. In 1832 he formed a legal partnership
with William B. Hubbard, and removed to St. Clairsville,
where he resided until his death. In 1840 he was elected
to the Twenty-seventh Congress, where he was made Chair-
man of the Committee on Claims. In 1844 he was chosen
to the State Legislature, and was there recognized as the
acknowledged leader of the Whig party in the lower House.
He was elected in 1847 a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, and was on the bench jtntil 1853. He look a leading
part in the founding of Brooks’ Institute and Seminary, of
St. Clairsville, where his two sons, IJ. D. T. and B. R.
Cowen, received most of their education. He was married,
in Washington county, New York, to Anne, daughter of
|udge Wood, of that county. He died on his birthday,
September 271I1, 1869, at the lipe age of seventy seven
years, respected and beloved by all who knew him.

ITCHCOCK, TETER, Farmer and Legislator, was
born, January 1 6th, 1818, in Burton, Geauga
county, Ohio, and is a son of the late Judge Peter
and Nahby (Cook) Hitchcock, who were both na-
tives of Cheshire, New Haven county, Connecticut.
His father was Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Ohio; his elder brother, Reuben, was for some
years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; and another
brother, Rev. Henry I,. Hitchcock, was for sixteen years a
distinguished and popular pastor of the Second Presbyterian
Church of Columbus, Ohio, and from 1856 to his death, in
1873, President of the Western Reserve College, at Hudson,

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G44

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Oliio. Peter Hitchcock, the younger, received his elemen-
tary education at the academy in Lis native town, and also
attended, after he was twelve years old, the district schools,
only during the winter. 1 le early adopted the occupation of
an agriculturist, ami has ever since resided on a pleasant
farm near the little village of Burton. When quite young
he was chosen a local Magistrate, and held the position for
eighteen years. In 1858 he was elected a Representative to
the Ohio Legislature, and re-elected in i860. In 1862 he
was chosen a Senator from the district composed of Geauga,
Ashtabula and Lake counties. He has been since that date
elected three several times to the House, serving in the
sessions of 1S66-67, 1870-71, and is a member now, in 1S76,
still bearing evidence of ability for much hard work, and in
the right direction. During his legislative career he has
been placed upon important committees, usually on that of
finance, and was its Chairman in 1870-71. Being thoroughly
conversant with parliamentary rules and tactics, he was
Speaker of the House in 1861 ; President pro tern, of the
Senate while a member of that body, and Speaker pro tern,
of the House in 1S66-67. He was elected a member of the
Constitutional Convention in 1873, and in that body was as
distinguished a member as he was throughout his legislative
career, by his practical ideas and application of a strong
common sense view of public matters. He was an influen-
tial member of the two important Committees on Revenue
and Taxation and on Education; and also originally Chair-
man of the Committee on Rules, lie has ever taken a deep
interest in the great system of charitable and correctional
institutions which distinguish the State of Ohio, and was
early identified with the legislation to establish an institution
fur the care and instruction of feeble-minded and imbecile
youth. Ilis interest anti sympathy in that direction soon
attracted the attention of the Governor to him as a suitable
person for a trustee of the institution, which position he held
from 1862 to 1S74, when he retired through a partisan reor-
ganization of the Board. During the four years of the civil
war many opportunities were afforded him both in the Legis-
lature and in frequent public meetings, as well as on the field
of military operations in service, and in looking to the care
of the dead and wounded, to testify to his patriotic love for
American nationality and opposition to slavery. He was
also especially active, as a member of the Legislature, in
promoting the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States, its success being largely
attributable to his efforts. Originally a Whig, he has since
the inception of the Republican party been actively identified
with the latter organization. In religious faith, he is a firm
and unwavering member of the Congregational Church, and
a liberal supporter of it in his native town, lie is a man of
plain, unostentatious appearance. Starting in life with only
such moderate educational advantages as were allbrded to
the average American youth before the present educational
system was founded, he has, nevertheless, been a close stu-
dent during his leisure hours, and has acquired a vast fund

of knowledge, which has borne its fruit in the years given
to his Slate as a legislator, lie was married, February 8th,
1841, to Eliza Ann Cook, with whom he has had three sons
and one daughter. One of his sons fill at the battle of
l’erryville, instantly killed by a shot in the forehead.

|| LDS, HON. CIIAUNCEY N., Lawyer and Legis-
lator, was born, February 2d, 1816, at Marlbor-
ough, Vermont. He received a thorough acad-
emieal and collegiate education, and graduated
from the Miami University in the class of 1836.
lie was immediately elected a Professor in that
institution, and held the position until 1 840, meanwhile pre-
paring himself by the usual course of study for the legal
profession. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, and com-
menced the practice of law in that year at Circleville, where
he resided for fifteen years, removing in 1856 to Columbus,
which he has made his home, and where he is still engaged
in professional pursuits. 1 le was elected both to the lower
and upper Houses of the General Assembly from Pickaway
and Ross counties, and was a member of the Legislatures
which convened in 1848, 1849 and 1850. lie filled the office
of Attorney-General of the .State in 1865. lie has been a
member of the Presbyterian Church for the past forty-four
years, and has been frequently chosen as a lay delegate to
presbyteries and synods of the denomination, and has also
been twice a Commissioner to the General Assembly. He
takes great interest likewise in the Sunday-school, and is
very active in that important adjunct to the church. He
has been a Trustee of his Alma Mater for twenty-five years.

RADBURY, HON. JOSEPH, Lawyer and Legis-
lator, was burn, September 7th, 1807, in the town
of Exeter, Penobscot county, Maine, and is the
fifth of ten children, whose parents were Joseph
and Elizabeth (Stevens) Bradbury, who was a
farmer by occupation, and who removed to Ohio,
where he settled in Gallia county towards Jhe close of that
year, and where he resided until his death, September 1st,
1828. His wife survived him some nine years ; she was a
native of Andover, Massachusetts, a daughter of Peter
Stevens, and of English descent. Joseph, the younger,
labored on the farm until he was about seventeen years of
age, attending the district school during the winter season.
He then worked in a distillery for some four years, and
when of age returned to farming, occupying his leisure
hours, for about eight years, in the study of law. In 1836,
having been previously examined, he was admitted to the
bar, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession,
having his office on his farm, where he resided, anil pursuing
his avocation in the counties of Meigs, Athens, Gallia and

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Jackson. In 1852 he located in Cheshire township, Gallia
comity, at Kygerville, where he opened his office, remaining
there until 1875, when he removed to Gullipolis, where lu-
ll.is since resided, and has cstahli hed an excellent piaclice.
lie was elected a Representative to the Ohio Legislature in
1861, and re-elected in 1863. In 1865 he was chosen to
the Ohio Senate. lie was again a candidate for the lower
House in 1869, and elected, and a second time re-elected in
1871 ; thus having been for ten years a member of the General
Assembly. During his term of service he took a very active
part in the indorsement of the fifteenth Amendment to the
Federal Constitution, through the legislation of Ohio. Politi-
cally, he is a Republican of the radical school. 11 is religious
creed is that of the New Jerusalem Church as founded by
Emanuel Swedenborg. He is, as may be seen from the
foregoing record, emphatically a self-made man, and has
raised himself from comparative obscurity to the prominent
positions he has filled and to the practice he now controls.
He was married, January nth, 1829, to Eliza, daughter of
Elijah Strong, a pioneer settler of Meigs county, Ohio.

jURSELL, JAMES, Farmer, Merchant and Banker,
was born, October 21st, 1813, in Ross county,
Ohio, and is the second of six children, whose
parents were Reuben and Mary (Jenkins) I’ursell.
His father was a native of western Pennsylvania,
who followed through life mechanical pursuits,
lie removed to Ohio about the year 1805, and settled at first
in Ross county, where he resided until 1832, when he re-
moved to Fayette county, which became his future home,
and where he died in 1864. 1 1 is wife was also from western
Pennsylvania, having been born in Washington county ; she
was the daughter of William Jenkins, an early settler in
eastern Ohio; she died in 1856. Janies worked on a farm
until he was twenty four years old, attending the common
school during the winter season— in all about three terms.
In 1S35 he went to Washington, Fayette county, but moved
a little later into the country. In 1840 he returned to
Washington, having been elected Constable of Union town-
ship, adjacent to the town, and was engaged for about a year
attending to the duties pertaining to that office. He was
appointed, May 8th, 1841, Auditor of Fayette county by the
County Commissioners, and was elected at the following
general election, October, 1841, to the same office, and thrice
re-elected, holding the position altogether about nine years.
After the expiration of his official duties he became interested
in a woollen mill, and was industriously engaged as a manu-
facturer, and also in buying and selling real estate, continu-
ing in these two avocations for about live years, when he
relinquished the factory, disposing of the same to his brother,
and confining his atlention solely lo dealing in lands for a
year or two. lie then erected a warehouse and engaged in
the lumber business, and also in conducting a large grocery

645

establishment, both of which occupied his attention for
several years. In 1858 he started the Fayette County Bank,
over which he exercised a general supervision until about
1867, when he disposed of the same to the First National
Bank of Washington. In 1867 lie returned to the grocery
and lumber business, in which he continued until 1869,
when he disposed of the former, although he carried on the
lumber trade until 1S74. In the last-named year he became
President of the Merchants’ and Farmers’ Bank of Wash-
ington, and has been identified with its interests in that
capacity ever since, lie is largely interested as a stock-
holder in the Dayton fx Southeastern, as also in the Spring-
field 8: Pomeroy Railroad Companies. He was elected to
the Ohio Legislature in 1861, and re-elected in 1863, serv-
ing four years in that body. He was appointed, 1869, by
President Grant Collector of Internal Revenue for the Sixth
District of Ohio. 1 1 is political creed is that of the Repub-
lican party ; was formerly a Whig, and gave his first vote for
General Harrison for President. Personally, he is of pleas-
ant and social manners, and is much esteemed by his fellow-
townsmen. He has always led a temperate life, and has
ever been distinguished for untiring energy and industry.
His pecuniary circumstances were limited when he started
in life, and his present competence is the result of his per-
severing efforts. He was married, May 251I1, 1841, to
Margaret Ilartzell, of Pickaway county, anti is the father of
seven children.

OND, ARTHUR, County Auditor of Morgan
county, Ohio, was born in Ellisluirg, Jefferson
county, New York, September nth, 1829. 1 1 is

father, a well-known citizen of New York, was,
although by profession a lawyer, during the last
forty years of his life engaged in evangelical labors
as a minister ; he was one of the first graduates of Hamilton
College, and esteemed for his extensive fund of varied
scholarly attainments. His mother was a native of Rox-
bury, Massachusetts. On both sides of the house the origin
of the family may be traced back to an old and very honor-
able source. Until his seventeenth year was attained he
attended the academy in his native place; was subsequently
for one year a student in the schools of Marietta, Ohio, and
afterward pursued a higher course of studies in Oberlin Col-
lege, in Oberlin, Ohio. Upon relinquishing student life, in
1849, he engaged in teaching school in Jefferson county,
New York, and sustained the role of educator until 1851,
the date of his removal to Illinois, where he found employ-
ment in railroad building, as a civil engineer on the Illinois
Central and Joliet 8: Chicago Railroads. He was busied in
tins capacity until 1858, when he returned to New York,
and again engaged in teaching school, at Turin, until the
spring of 1861. 1 le was then appointed by Abraham Lin-

coln Postmaster at Turin, New York, and fulfilled the duties
of that office for a term of four years. In 1863 he was

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I5I0GR AI’IIICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA.

6 (6

appointed Commissioner of Hoard of Enrolment, and held
this position until the close of the war, in i S(»5 , when he
moved to Morgan county, Ohio, settling at Malta, opposite
McConncllsville, where he was engaged as surveyor until,
in 1 868, lie was elected County Surveyor. In 1871 he was
re-elected to the surveyorship, hut within twelve days after
the election was appointed County Auditor, an event due to
the demise of his predecessor in that office. In 1872, and
again in 1874, he was re-elected to the Auditorship, and at
the present time serves in this position. In 1850 he con-
nected himself with the Masonic order, and is now serving
a second term as Master of Valley Lodge. He is a promi-
nent member of this famous organization, and is highly es-
teemed by his brethren as an useful and able associate. lie
was married, December 27th, i860, to Helen M. Williston,
of Lewis county, New York, who died November 28th,
i‘866.

CU||(» EIFER, EDWIN G., M. D., Physician, was born,
May 2 1 st, 1846, in Fairfield, Greene county,
Ohio, of American parentage. I lis father was a
\ native of Maryland, and a farmer by occupation,
Vp- who removed to Ohio in 1S36, and settled near
Fairfield. Ilis mother is a native of Ohio. His
preliminary education was obtained in the district school.
When but sixteen years of age he enlisted as a private in
the 44th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, August 15th,
1862, and served with that command about eighteen
months, when he re-enlisted in the 8th Ohio Cavalry, under
General Averill, and remained in that regiment until June
3d, 1865, when their term of service expired. He was pro-
moted, November 3d, 1864, to Sergeant of Company II,
8th Ohio Cavalry, which position he held when mustered
out of the service. After his return home he entcre 1 Wil-
t -Tilburg College, at Springfield, Ohio, from which institution
he graduated in 1866. He then attended the medical de-
partment of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in
that State, and subsequently matriculated at the Cincinnati
College of Medicine and Surgery, graduating from the
latter school in the spring of 1S69, and in April of the same
year lie removed to Simesford, Madison county, where he
has since resided, engaged in the control of a lucrative med-
ical practice. He is a contributor to the literature of the
profession, as well as to the county press, and has gained
some reputation as a writer over a nom tic plume, lie has
been an active and zealous member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church for the past ten years, and is at present Super-
intendent of the Sunday-school, and one of the board of
trustees of the congregation, lie has been a member of the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows since July, 1871, and
has attained the highest honors in the brotherhood. His
political views have ever been those adopted and held by
the Republican party. The position he occupies at present
in the community where he resides is due entirely to his

ow'ii industry, economy, frugality and perseverance. While
yet a youth attending school, he woiked hard during vaca-
tions, and laid by what he earned, and after his discharge
from his three years’ service in the army, he appropriated
his pay, together with what he had previously saved, to de-
fraying the expenses lie incurred in studying medicine.
Such a course ever meets with its reward, and he is now
reaping the fruits of his labors, and is respected and es-
teemed by all who know him. He was married, January
15th, 1868, to Lou C. Tredikeiyof Fairfield, Greene county,
Ohio, and is the father of three daughters, all living.

XTEI.L, MANI.EV WASHINGTON, Railroad
Contractor, was born, March 301I1, 1831, on a
farm in Russia township, near Oberlin, Lorain
county, Ohio, and is descended from one of three
brothers, who came to America with the Puritan
fathers, and settled in Massachusetts; one of them
was killed in the King Philip wars two hundred years ago.
Manley was educated in Oberlin College, and afterwards
learned the carpenter trade, in Amherst, Ohio, but did not
fancy the business, as he could not advance quickly in
the narrow field where he then resided. He removed to
Chicago, where he disposed of his tools, and after expending
nearly all his funds, he obtained a situation as foreman on
the Illinois Central Railroad. When he first applied for
the situation some objection was made on account of his
age ; but upon his expressing that he felt confident that he
could give satisfaction, he was placed in charge of a portion
of the line, and three months after was promoted to the po-
sition of Chief Foreman of tin? entire road. He remained
so connected for six years, and then resigned. lie next
secured a contract to build the Iron Mountain Railroad, and
from this time his reputation as a railway contractor in-
creased, and he subsequently received and executed con-
tracts with the North Missouri, the St. Louis A St. Joseph,
and the St. Joseph & Denver Railroad Companies, beside
several other than railways, and from all these he succeeded
in making a handsome competence. He was the contractor
for the stone to be used in constructing the bridge across the
Missouri river at St. Joseph, and he purchased a quarry to
fulfil the stipulations of the contract. The total amounted
to $(>(>, 000, but be lost considerably by the operation. At
the outbreak of the civil war lie entered the army in an
Illinois three months' regiment, and was honorably dis-
charged from the service at the expiration of live months.
He then studied medicine at the University of Michigan at
Ann Arbor, and graduated in 1 8G3, and shortly after became
an Assistant Surgeon at Camp Dennison, Ohio, lie has
travelled through every Stale and Territory in the Union,
east of the Rocky mountains. During the latter part of the
war he was residing in Missouri. < >11 one occasion, being
absent horn home, a paity of live soldiers came to the house

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

C.i7

and demanded dinner, making many threats, and brandish-
ing their revolvers in the faces of the women, and alarming
them very much. The meal was, however, prepared, and
the stpiad had just seated themselves as Mr. Axtell reached
lmme. He look in the situation at a glance, and sal down
with them. As each man had a revolver beside his plate,
the host produced his toothpick, remarking, “ We six men
are good for three women” — thus shaming them, lie then
ordered them out of the house, and they left at his com-
mand, minus the dinner. Another incident is related of his
coolness and bravery. While sojourning in Uacotah Terri-
tory in 1S72, a party of “ regulators ” stopped at his house
and ordered him to get them a pail of water. He pointed
to a pail near by, and remarked, “ There is the pail, you
can get it yourselves. ’ Whereupon they drew their revolvers
and repeated the request. He then said he had changed
his mind, and would get it. Stepping within the house, he
obtained his pistols, cocked them and placed them in the
pail, and went out, saying, “ 1 have changed my mind again,
and I think I won’t gel the water.” The leader of the
squad laughed at their dismay when the cocked pistols were
seen, and told the others, “ Get the water yourselves; he
don’t scare worth a cent.” Having made a large fortune,
he tmally retired from active business pursuits in 1S74, and
has settled in Amherst, Ohio, to enjoy the fruits of his
labors. He was married in 1865 to Catharine A., daughter
of Judge A. L. Whiton.

ALDWEI.L, I ION. WILLIAM I!., Lawyer and
ex Chief-Justice of Ohio, was born on his father’s
farm, June 23d, 180S, in St. Clair township,
Butler county, Ohio. II is parents were William
and Mary Caldwell, of sturdy north of Ireland
Presbyterian stock. They removed to Butler
county in 1S05, and there followed the peaceful pursuits of
agriculture until their death. Their son resided here until
his twenty-second year, doing farm labor and going to
school whenever an opportunity offered. In 1830 he en-
tered the Miami University, at Oxford, in the same county.
Here he remained for five years, employing his vacations in
farm work. At college he earned distinction as a ready and
forcible debater. Most of the scholars were his juniors in
years, and they looked up to him as a counsellor, lie was
graduated in 1835. Among his classmates were ex-Gov-
eruor Dennison, lion. Samuel F. Cary, lion. John A.
Smith, and others. After leaving college he began the study
of law in his native county, his preceptor being Hon. John
Woods. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and com-
menced practice at Xenia, Ohio. In 1841 he was elected
Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton county, and in the fol-
lowing year was elected by the Legislature President Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas, lie remained on the
Common Pleas bench until 1849, in which year he was

elected by the Legislature Judge of the Supreme Court of
Ohio, lie held this position until the adoption of the new
Constitution in 1851. That instrument provided for the
election of judges by the people, and lie was again chosen.
At (he expiration of his term he was re-elected. He was the
Inst Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the State under
the new Constitution, lie resigned in 1S54, and resumed
the practice of law in Cincinnati. He was married in 1844
to Agnes, daughter of William and Eleanor Coiry, of Cin-
cinnati. They were blessed with three children. 1 1 Is wife
died in 1869. 1 1 is career presents the rare example of one

starting upon a professional course late in life, and yet rising
to distinction. He entered college at the age of twenty-two,
was graduated at twenty-seven, a Prosecuting Attorney at
thirty-three, President Judge of Common Pleas at thirty-
four, on the Supreme Bench of the State at forty-three, and
Chief-Justice of the State at forty-six. He was straight-
forward and manly in all his impulses, and for the younger
members of the bar he had always a kind word and a help-
ing hand. He died March 21st, 1876. At a bar meeting
held soon afterward, eulogies were delivered by some of the
most gifted men of Ohio, some of whom had known him for
half a century. At the time of his death he was a member
of the law-linn of Caldwell, Coppotk 8: Caldwell, the last-
named being a son.

EOMAN, GENERAL STEPHEN B., Mariner,
y Soldier, and Lawyer, was born, December 1st,

1 5 1836, in Fayette county, Ohio, and is the son of

-*5 ! Alva and Elizabeth (Cockerill) Yeoman. His
father was a native of New York State, and a
farmer by occupation, who removed at an early
day to Ohio, first settling in Fayette county, and removed
subsequently (1837) to Jasper county, Indiana, where he
resided till his death. His mother was a Virginian by biilh,
the daughter of William S. Cockerill, an early settler of
Fayette county, and a soldier of the war of 1812. Stephen
worked on a farm until fifteen years old, attending the win-
ter schools. In 1851 he absconded from his guardian, and
proceeding to New Bedford, shipped on a vessel “ be-
fore the mast,” from which he rose during his eight years
of a sailor’s life to the positions of second and first mate,
lie circumnavigated the globe twice, was shipwrecked twice
in the south Pacific ocean, and passed twenty-seven months
on a whaling vessel. In 1859 he returned home, and be-
came a farm-hand, alternating with study at school, until
the outbreak of the civil war in April, 18G1, when he ac-
companied Company F, 22(1 Ohio Volunteers, as Orderly
Sergeant, to Virginia. At the expiration of four months the
regiment was mustered out of the service, and he returned
home and recruited Company A, 541I1 Ohio Volunteers
(Zouaves), with which he went to Kentucky as Captain,
lie served with this regiment until January loth, 1864,
when, on account of losing a hand which had been blown

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648

BIOGRAl’II ICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

off by a cannon sliot at the battle of Arkansas Post, lie re-
tired from the service, lie was an active participant in the
battles of Shiloh (or Pittsburgh Landing), Corinth, Yazoo,
Vicksburg, and Arkansas Post, besides lesser engagements
and skirmishes. On his return home he was appointed a
Captain in the Veteran Reserve Corps, and was stationed at
Cincinnati until July, 1864, when he was promoted to the
Colonelcy of the 4311 United States, anil with that regiment
was in all the latter great battles around Richmond, Virginia,
and for some time commanded the 1st Brigade, 1st Division,
25th Army Corps, and was soon thereafter promoted Briga-
dier General by brevet. In 1865 he was finally mustered
out of the service, and on his return to civil life, engaged in
the drug business for eighteen months. In 1866 he was
elected Probate Judge of Fayette county, and held the office
for three years. In 1S70 he retired to his farm in Madison
township, Fayette county, where he resided for two years,
engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1S72 he returned to
Washington, where he was admitted to the bar, and en-
tered upon the practice of his profession, and has since re-
sided there, where he has established a lucrative legal busi-
ness. lie is a Republican in principle, and a Baptist in re-
ligious belief, lie is a pleasant companion, of genial man-
ners and extensive information, having experienced so varied
a life in the last twenty-live years. lie was married, 1S64,
to Cordelia A., daughter of Daniel Wood, an early settler
of Fayette county, Ohio.

ENNEDY, WILLIAM B., Merchant, was born,
October Iith, 1832, in Hamilton county, Ohio,
of American parentage; his family were among
the earliest settlers of Ohio, a great-grandfather
being one of the pioneers of the State. lie re-
ceived a liberal education in Farmer’s College,
Hamilton county, where he remained until nineteen years
of age, and then engaged in teaching. lie subsequently re-
turned to the farm, continuing there until he was appointed,
in 1S34, a clerk in the County Auditor’s office, holding that
position for five years, In 1859 he engaged in the matiu-
l.utuie of a patent match, which he continued until 1 S(> 1 ,
when, in consequence ol the civil war, his principal trade
being with the South, he relinquished it. He was subse-
quently employed in a clerical capacity with one of the
leading mercantile houses of the city until 1867, when he
established the firm of W. B. Kennedy & Co., and engaged
in the merchandise commission business, in which he has
since continued, lie is a prominent member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, also of the Odd Fellows and Knights of
Pythias. In the order of Odd Fellows he was, from i860 to
1869 inclusive, a representative to the Grand Lodge of
Ohio; and a representative to the Grand Encampment from
1867 to 1870 and 1872 to 1875, in all eight years, over
which latter body he now presides as Most Worthy Grand
Patriarch. He was a charier member of the Grand Lodge

of the Knights of Pythias of Ohio, supreme representative
from Ohio to the Supreme Lodge of the World, 1S70 to
1872, both inclusive, and was elected an officer (S. G.) of
the latter body, and served in 1873 and 1874.

1 6)

OLONY, IION. JAMES, Lawyer, was born, Aptil
1 2th, 1848, in the city of Cincinnati, and is a son
of the late Daniel and Sarah (Stevens) Molony.
llis father was a native of Roscaibcry, county of
Cork, Ireland, a graduate of Trinity College,
Dublin, and emigrated to America in 1830, and
settled in Cincinnati. His life was devoted to literary pur-
suits, and he filled the Professorship of Ancient and
Modern Languages in Miami University, Farmer’s College,
and Woodward College, Ohio, successively, for about twenty
years, and died September 9th, 1852. His wife was a
native of South Danvers, Massachusetts. James received a
liberal education at Farmer’s College, from which he gradu-
ated in 1S6S. lie then became a clerk in the Lafayette
Bank of Cincinnati, and subsequently was in the employ of
Cuppler & Marston, of St. Louis. He was also an agent of
the Erie Railroad at Nashville, Tennessee, until 1871. He
then returned to Cincinnati, where he commenced the study
of law with General Banning, and in December, 1873, was
admitted to practise at the bar, and has since given his
attention to professional duties in Cincinnati, where he re-
sides. He was Deputy Sheriff of Hamilton county for two
years under George W. Wiegler. In 1873 he was nomi-
nated on the first ballot as a candidate on the People’s ticket
for the Legislature, and in 1875 was a candidate on the
Democratic ticket for the sam? position, being chosen like-
wise on the first ballot by a large majority of the Hamilton
County Democratic Convention. During- the civil war,
from 1863 until its close, he was a guidon of the 5th Ohio
Artillery, and was an active participant in the great battles
of the Tennessee and Southwest campaigns, including the
siege of Vicksburg. He is of pleasing and courteous man-
ners, has a cool and determined demeanor, and although
young in years, his experience in life has been varied, and
eminently adapts him for the profession he successfully
pursues.

ARFIELD, SAMUEL, Banker, was born, January
161I1, 1 80S, in Baltimore, Maryland, and is a son
of the late John and Elizabeth (Spcies) Marficld,
both of whom were natives of Germany. His
father was a merchant, and came to America
when young and settled in Baltimore, where he
resided until his death. Samuel received a liberal educa-
tion, and when sixteen years old was apprenticed to the
saddlery trade, which he thoroughly learned in six yeais.
lie then engaged in business on his own account, ns an

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

649

importer and dealer in saddlery hardware, in which he con-
tinued for eight years. In the spring of 1839 he removed
to Ohio, and settled in Cireleville, where he carried on the
hardware business exclusively until 1848, when he asso-
ciated with it the hanking business, finally relimpiishing the
former in 185a, and has given his entire attention to hank-
ing ever since, lie is now proprietor, principal officer and
Director of the Marfichl Hank of Cireleville. lie is also a
large shareholder in various railroad companies, lie has
never sought nor held any political or public office what-
ever. His political principles are those of the Republican
party; in religious belief he is a 1‘rcsbylerian. Ilis energy
and industry are untiring. Starting in life poor, he has
been himself the architect of his own fortunes, and now
ranks among the solid business men of Ohio. lie
was married in 1833 to Harriet M. daughter of Henry
Wright, a prominent Marylander.

AFFENSPF.RGER, HENRY J., Real Estate
Dealer, was born, June 29th, 1832, at East
Berlin, Adams county, Pennsylvania, of Ameri-
can parentage and of German descent. He was
educated at Springfield, Ohio, and after leaving
school became a salesman in the dry-goods house
of 11. Hedrick, in that town, where he remained three
years, when, growing tired of a comparatively inactive life,
he turned his attention to pursuits more congenial to his
tastes, and entered into various speculative movements.
Since he became a seller of real estate he has marie Toledo
the scene of his largest operations in that line; and that
city has witnessed the heaviest transactions that have taken
place in the entire State. Although the weather was very
unpropilious for such operations, yet the magic of his name
rendered them a perfect success in every respect. Ilis
sales were not the mere ordinary transactions of a business
man, but the colossal undertakings of one who is innately
endowed with the rare talent of managing and disposing of
immense tracts, from which an ordinary man would shrink.
In fact, he has risen lar above Ins associates in business;
nor is Toledo alone the scene of his triumphs. One of his
most remarkable sales was “ Northwood,” near Columbus,
Ohio, where, notwithstanding the property had previously
and unsuccessfully been placed in the market, yet upon his
assumption of the management he made it one of his most
brilliant transactions. He has also received various propo-
sitions from different States to assume control of sales which
have startled the public by their magnitude. Since his ad-
vent into Toledo he has done more towards advancing the
welfare of that city and promoting its growth than any
other person in the same line of business. His success lies
wholly in his wide c xpi rieuce, in his matured judgment,
together with his fixed determination to engage only in
bona tide and legitimate transactions. He never enters |
82

upon any operation without bestowing upon it careful con-
sideration and thoroughly overlooking the held, lie never
endeavors to hastily dispose ol the property in (piexlion, but
bides his time, and is ever successful. I’ossesscd of a quick
wit, rare business ability and an energetic, persevering dis-
position, he is withal a whole-souled, genial gentleman,
courteous to all. 11c has been identified as a Trustee and
Director of several of the leading trade associations. He
was married, June 20th, i860, to Elizabeth A. Brewster, of
Norwalk, Ohio.

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Cj CjV IIATTUC, WILLIAM B., General Ticket Agent
dLgtlL of the Atlantic 8: Great Western Railway, was
born, June I till, 1841, near Jefferson, Schuyler
county, New York, and is a son of Samuel and
Desire Shatluc, now of Ohio. He is of Scotch

p>

descent, his great grandfather having emigrated
to America from the vicinity of Edinburgh, while his grand-
father, who had settled near Bennington, Vermont, fell
while bravely fighting under General Stark for American
independence. When William was in his twelfth year his
parents removed to Ohio, settling near Oberlin. When
fourteen years old lie left home and began the battle of life,
lie had many struggles to acquire an education, but he fought
his way, alternately teaching school and studying. At the
outbreak of the civil war he enlisted as a private in the 2d
Ohio Cavalry, and participated in many important engage-
ments, and was mustered out in 1863, having been pro-
moted through all the grades up to the rank of Major. On
his return to civil life he obtained a situation as clerk in the
office of the Auditor and General Ticket Agent of the At-
lantic 8: Great Western Railway Company, at Mcadville,
Pennsylvania. Not long afterwards the general ticket office
w as transferred to Cincinnati, where he became the Assist-
ant General Ticket Agent, and, April 1st, 1867, on the
resignation of General Fuller, he was appointed his suc-
cessor, as General Ticket Agent, which position he has
continued to hold, lie is a most indefatigable worker,
and nothing in his extended and complicated department
escapes his attention, lie is a most excellent example of
the self-made man of our time, having risen from obscurity
to his present prominent but well-earned position.

[AVIS, WILLIAM EDMONDS, was born, July
26th, 1831, in Hamilton county, Ohio, the son
of John Allen Davis and Rachel Scull. After he
had received a thorough English education in
the district and high schools of Cincinnati he
learned blacksmithing, the trade of his father.
It is his pride that he was not behind his fellow-trail' men
at the forge. At the age of twenty four he began and con-

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650

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOl’/EDIA.

tinned lu lead law fur three years. Aland this lime lie was
appointed Principal of the Ohiu State Reform Farm Selmol
for Hoys, at Lancaster, where he remained near three years,
and then rcisgiied. In December, iSOj, he was elected
Chief Clerk of the Senate ol Ohio, tor a term of two years.
While in this position he acted as special correspondent of
the Cincinnati Gazette. In the spring of 1864, after the first
adjournment of the Senate, he went out as special war cor-
respondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, joining Sherman’s
army, then at Nashville and Chattanooga. At the battle
of Resaca he was captured, taken to Atlanta, housed in a
loathsome prison-pen for several days, removed to Rich-
mond, Virginia, and placed by Major Carrington in “Castle
Thunder.” While here his suffering for the lack of the
necessities of life was beyond description. At the end of
three months he was transferred to the Confederate Slates
Penitentiary, at Saulsbury, North Carolina, while the more
favored correspondent of the New York IVorhl was sent
North. The malignity shown by Secretary of War Seddon,
.and Robert Quid, Commissioner of Exchange, in thus dis-
criminating against the correspondent of a radical Republi-
can newspaper was of a piece with the treatment of Junius
Ilenri Browne and A. D. Richardson, correspondents of
the New York Tribune. These latter gentlemen had been
four months in the Saulsbury prison when he arrived there.
The trio soon became fast friends. At this time there were
not over twenty prisoners of war in the penitentiary, most
of the inmates being men convicted of crimes against the
statute laws, deserters from the confederate army and men
under the ban of political suspicion. In October of 1S64,
three months after he reached there, Saulsbury was made a
regular prison for Union captives. During the second week
of October ten thousand prisoners of war were thrown into
the Saulsbury prison, within a stockade embracing about six
acres of ground. Then began starvation, privation in every
form, and all the suffering incident to life in a cramped
prison-pen, under rigorous regimen, lie had been active
in attending to the few sick in the prison prior to the
coming of the ten thousand, ministering to their temporal
wants as best he could, and affording spiritual consolation
to the suffering and the dying. 11 is straightforward, manly
deportment won upon the post surgeon, l)r. Richard ().
Curry, a Christian gentleman, who was anxious to show his
appreciation of Mr. Davis’ worth and services. Through
the surgeon’s intercession a log cabin within the enclosure
was allotted to him and four of his friends, and he was
made assistant to Dr. Curry after the Union prisoners ar-
rived. lie had entire charge of the arrangements for the
care of the sick, being virtually superintendent of the
sanitary affairs of the camp. At times he had as many as
three thousand sick prisoners under his charge. With his
characteristic /.eal and Christian spirit lie devoted himself
to his labor of love and mercy, day and night going the
rounds of the sick winds for two months. Dining that
time lie. uly two thousand ol his lellow piixoneix died, and

were buried just outside of the stockade. With the aid of
his messmates, and what other help he could get, he did
much to alleviate suffering, and is credited with having
saved the life of many a poor fellow. Mr. Richardson of
the New York Ttibnne, in his published account, says of
him in this connection : “ Mr. Davis was General Superin-
tendent, and brought to his arduous duties good judgment,
untiring industry and uniform kindness.” His sensitive
nature revolted at the sights which occurred with painful
frequency. Prisoners (particularly colored prisoners) were
shot by the guards without the shadow of provocation. He
went alone to the commandant, made a touching appeal
and secured a show of compassion for a short time. As an
instance of his brave and self sacrificing spirit, it is told of
him that upon one occasion, when the guard was about to
fire on three colored prisoners, he interposed, gave a bold
order and averted the deadly delivery. At the close of the
war letters poured in upon Mr. Davis, bringing the hearty
thanks of friends and relatives for his kind ministrations to
loved ones in the prison-pen. While at Saulsbury he be-
came acquainted with the order of “ Heroes of America,” a
secret organization of Southern men true to the Union.
Soldiers belonging to this order had the double privilege
of being cared for by any brother member they might meet,
in case of escape, and being shot by the confederate au-
thorities if known to belong to the “ Heroes.” Mr. Davis
was initiated in one of the underground lodges of this order,
afterwards inducting his companions 'and about one thousand
other Union prisoners. Sickness and death were daily in-
creasing. The desire to escape, great from the first, became
the controlling motive. The plot was laid and the anxious
prisoners awaited their opportunity. It came with the night
of December 13th, 1864. Out iiTto the cold, and rain and
darkness Mr. Davis led his little company of fugitives — -
Captain Wolf, and Richardson and Browne of.lhe 'Tribune.
A tedious journey of four hundred miles, beset by peril at
every step, lay before them. Travelling on foot under cover
of the night, fed by the hands of slaves, sleeping now in the
underbrush, now in a deserted barn, amid the snow on the
mountains or drenched by the cold, chilling rain in the val-
leys, this stout-hearted party plodded on. Led by a man
of unfaltering purpose and sagacity, with faith in God and
the hope of again seeing their dear ones, they pressed on,
over untold obstacles, until, at the end of thirty days’ march,
they entered the Union lines at Knoxville, Tennessee. In
1866, under President Lincoln's administration, Mr. Davis
was appointed Pension Agent — for the payment of pensions
— at Cincinnati, which important trust he held for live
years, disbursing about ten millions of dollars. In 1867 he
was appointed, by Governor Cox, of Ohio, one of a commis-
sion of three to locate and build an asylum for the insane in
southeastern Ohio. For live years he was President of this
commission, and as such had the pleasure of handing over
to the Stair- authorities the splendid institution at Athens —
one ol the line . I ol its kind in the State. Mr. Davis was

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BIOGR AIM I ICA I. ENCY( LOP. EDI A.

651

one of the organizers and managers of (lie Cincinnati
Chronicle Company, being elected President of its Hoard
of Directors. When tlie Chronicle was consolidated with
the Cincinnati '/hues lie became President of the new com-
pany. During the last year of his seven years’ connection
with the Times he was its business manager. While thus
employed, in 1873, without his solicitation, President Grant
appointed him Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at
Cincinnati. This position he reluctantly accepted and now
holds, discharging his duties with the industry and fidelity
which have through life been among his most marked char-
acteristics. lie is largely interested in public enterprises,
giving much of his lime not otherwise employed to narrow
gauge railroading about the city of Cincinnati. lie is
President of the Cincinnati & Westwood Railroad Company,
which is constructing one of these suburban routes. He
resides at Westwood, one of the beautiful suburbs of Cincin-
nati, and Ins long been a member of the Westwood Board
of Public Education, having been Chairman of the com-
mittee which constructed the fine school building in that
place. The success of this project was largely owing to his
personal efforts, lie has for twenty-five years been a mem-
ber of the Baptist Church, and is prominently connected
with several secret and social organizations; notably among
them the Order of Scotch Rile Masons, he having taken the
thirty two degrees of that order. August 9th, 1855, he
married Mary P. Stoughton, of Cincinnati, and has three
sons and one daughter.

1

Eli., WILLIAM ALLEN, was bom in Columbus,
Ohio, on January 28th, 1S36, and is a son of
Robert Neil, for some years a farmer, and, for
many, President of the Little Miami Railroad, but
now living in rethement in Columbus, at the ad-
vanced age of eighty years. William attended
the public schools, and after studying under Dr. Lord, a
very eminent teacher, entered the German University of
Columbus, where he remained until the age of nineteen.
His health being then feeble, bis father pin chased him a
farm of one thousand acres near London, Madison county,
to which he removed, and lived on it until a few years
since. He began raising stock, aiming to breed and sell
young horses without records. This policy has not gained
him the notoriety a different one might have brought, but
his animals are none the less valuable, and his reputation
for integrity is second to none in the Slate. During the
war he entered the army as Second Lieutenant of the 23d
Battalion Ohio National Guards, on May 9th, 1S64, and
w'as mustered in at Camp Dennison, where he was immedi-
ately elected Captain, and on the formation of tin' battalion,
Major. The regiment, having been organized by joining
the 23d Battalion Ohio National Guards with the both
Regiment ( )hio National Guards, proceeded to New Creek,
West Virginia, on May 12th, and arrived there on the 14th.

On the 29th of May eight companies were moved to Green-
land Gap, and on June 4II1 a detachment, including Neil’s
battalion, had a severe skirmish near Moorelield, in which
the rebels were defeated. The regiment was mustered out,
September 1st, 1S64. lie was married, May 12th, 1864, to
Sarah E. Chrisman, of Loudon, Ohio, anil has three chil-
dren. Always a Republican, he was elected a delegate to
the National Convention of 1872, but on private grounds
declined to serve. He has always been identified with the
material interests of his county, and is one of its leading
citizens, respected by all for his strict integrity, personal
honor and genial manners. 11c is about to closeout his
entire stock ot fine horses, consisting of forty-two head and
comprising some of the best blood in the State, and his re-
tirement from stock-raising will be keenly felt by all inter-
ested in the improvement of the horse. At all the State
fairs held in central Ohio of late years he has been a promi-
nent exhibitor.

OI.F, ANDREW, M. D., Physician, was born, July
19th, 1810, in Athens county, Ohio, and is the
thiiil of ten children whose parents were Chris-
topher and Klioda (Dorr) Wolf. His father was
a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania,
of German lineage, and principally engaged in
farming, although he was interested in milling and in the
manufacture of salt ; he settled at an early day in Athens
county, where lie married Rhoda, daughter of May, hew
Dorr; she died in 1856. Andrew worked on a farm until
he was twenty years old, and attended school in winter.
In 1S30 he entered the Alliens Academy, where he pursued
a literary course for some three years; towards the close
of his studies there he commenced to lead medicine under
the supervision of Dr. Columbus Bierce, of that place, lie
then went to Washington county, New York, where he con-
tinued his medical studies under the guidance of Dr. Jon-
athan Dorr, of Cambridge, in that county, and during his
three years sojourn from home also attended medical lec-
tures at the Vermont Academy of Medicine, graduating
there with honor. Returning to Athens, Ohio, he passed
the winter there, and thence removed to McArthur, Vinton
county, where he has since resided, and has established an
extensive and remunerative practice; his surgical skill is
extraordinary. He has labored incessantly and ener-
getically in his profession for upwards of forty years, and
having ever been a man of most temperate habits possesses
at his advanced age a powerful body and temperament.
Politically he is a Republican, having originally been a
Henry Clay Whig. 1 1 is religious belief is that of the
Episcopal Church. He was married in 183b to Eliza,
daughter of Captain Robert I .olridge, of Rensselaer county,
New York; she died in 1839, having had two children.

1 le was a second time married, in iSbo, to Pauline Bryan,
also a native of Rensselaer county, New York.

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Matthews, iion. Stanley, Lawyer, was

Lorn in Cincinnati, July 2ist, 1824. 1 1 is parents

Were Thomas J. ami Isabella (Brown) Maltli
/si W ews, the former a native of Leesburg, Virginia,
V-a'j ^ and llie latter a daughter of Colonel William
" Brown, one of the pioneers of the Miami country.
1 1 is mother was the second wife of the father, and he was
the first offspring of the union. While an infantilis parents
removed from Cincinnati to Lexington, Kentucky, where his
father was engaged as a professor of mathematics in 1 ran-
sylvania College for a time, and also as a civil engineer in
the construction of railroads. In 1S32 he was elected Pro-
fessor of the Woodward High School, in Cincinnati, and
returned thither. In the same year his son Stanley entered
the institution as a pupil, where he remained until 1S39, at
which date he entered the junior class of Kenyon College,
at Gambier, Ohio, lie was graduated in August of the fol-
lowing year. lie began the study of law in the fall of 1840,
in the city of Cincinnati. In 1842 he went to Maury county,
Tennessee, where he resided for a time in the family of
Rev. John Hudson, a Presbyterian minister, and assisted
him in the government and instruction of a school known as
Union Seminary. Shortly after this he married the daugh-
ter of James Black, of Maury county. Having been ad-
mitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of law at
Columbia, Tennessee. Ilis stay here was brief, but during
its continuance he employed his leisure in editorial work
upon a political weekly called the Tennessee Democrat.
Returning to Cincinnati he was admitted to practise in the
courts of his native State. Through the influence of Judge
W. B. Caldwell he was appointed Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney for a term of court, and the prominence thus ob-
tained u'as the stepping-stone to his future success. Through
the writings of Ur. Gamaliel Bailey, then editor of the
Daily Hera If, of Cincinnati, he became strongly imbued
with the growing anti-slavery sentiment of that period.
When its editor removed to Washington city, to establish
the A'ational Era, he succeeded him as editor of the
J/era/f, in which position he continued until the journal
declined as a business enterprise. 11 is connection with
journalism brought him into prominence in the politics of

the State, and in the session of 1848-49 he was elected
Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives. 'Phis was the
memorable session which elected Salmon P. Chase to the
Senate of the United States. In 1850 he returned to the
practice of his profession in Cincinnati, and in the following
year was elected one ol the Judges of the Court of Common
Pleas of Hamilton county. He remained on the bench for
two years, when, in consequence of the insufficiency of the
salary, he resumed private practice, becoming one of the
firm of Worthington 8; Matthews, his partner having been
his law preceptor. This partnership lasted about eight
years, lu the fall of 1855 he was elected to the State
Senate, from Hamilton county, and served one term of two
years. In 1858 he was appointed by President Buchanan,

United States Attorney for the Southern District of Olno,
but resigned soon after President I .ineoln came into office.
Soon after the war of the rebellion commenced he tendered
his services to Governor Dennison, who appointed him
Lieutenant-Colonel of the 23d Regiment Ohio Volunteer
Infantry, then quartered at Camp Chase. '1 he regi-
ment was engaged in the military operations in West
Virginia in the summer and fall of that year. In October,
1S61, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 51st
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and with his regiment
served under Buell and his successors in command of the
Army of the Tennessee. In April, 1863, while with his
command in Tennessee, he was elected a Judge of the Su-
perior Court of Cincinnati, and resigned his commission to
again take his seat upon the bench. Judges Storer and
Iloadley were his colleagues. In July, 1865, he resigned
for the same reason that impelled him to quit the bench in
1853. He is now in the very zenith of his intellectual and
physical powers, and occupies a prominent place in the fore-
most rank of the legal fraternity of the West.

ENT, ZENAS, was born in Middletown, Connecti-
cut, July I2lh, 1786. He came of good old
Puritan stock, a nobility of descent which rests its
claim upon a robust manhood and -hardy virtue.
Ilis father was a carpenter and joiner by trade,
and carried a musket in the war for American
independence. When Zenas Kent was a boy, even New
England had made but a beginning in the development of
the common school system, and^though he made the best
of his opportunities, exhausting the facilities of the country
school of that time and place, his early advantages were
very limited as compared to the common school privileges
enjoyed by the youth of to-day. Mr. Kent has left at least
one monument of the methodical perseverance with which
he addressed himself to every task. A copy of Adam's
Arithmetic, published in 1802, which Mr. Kent used at
school, is now in the possession of his son, Marvin. It is a
well-thumbed book, now yellow with age, and a plodding
student has left his impress on every page. Indeed lie has
left considerable additions to the original text. The pub-
lisher had had the forethought to bind numerous blank pages
with his letter-press, to stand the pupils instead of a slate,
and remain a record of his industry. On these leaves young
Kent carefully worked out and proved every example in the
book. Here was a combination of excellent traits — appli-
cation, method, thoroughness — in which the boy well fore-
shadowed the man. He entered his work on the leaves of
the book of his life, and he left not a blank page in it all.
In selecting a pursuit in life, Zenas Kent chose the trade of
his father, and endeavored to make himself master of it.
By the time he leached his twenty fifth year, young Zenns
Kent was united in marriage to Pamelia Lewis, a native of

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riographical encyclop.edia.

^53

Farmington, Connecticut, a young woman of most excellent
traits, ami willial a filling iiel|jnieel for him. 1 ler father,
like the elder Kent, was a veteran of 177!), and a carpenter
and joiner hy vocation, These two young people joined
their honest hands and Inuuhle fortunes for the battle with
the world. In 1812 Zenas accompanied his father’s family
to the far West. 'The family located in Mantua, Ohio,
where the elder Kent died, at an advanced age. Zenas had
left his young wife in Connecticut, while he went prospect-
ing in the western wilds, and as soon as he had chosen a
place for his home, he returned for his wife. 'Together they
set out for the tedious' journey to the West, and arriving in
Ohio settled in Hudson, then a township of Portage county.
'This was a fortunate selection for Mr. Kent. Here he met
Captain Human Oviatt, to whose friendship it was his
pleasure to acknowledge himself indebted for many kind
offices. Here he built a tannery for Owen lirown, father
of John lirown, of Ocsawatoinie fame. Mr. Kent taught
school during the winter while he remained in Hudson.

1 1 is friend, Captain Oviatt, impressed by Mr. Kent’s up-
right walk and industrious habits, was disposed to do him a
good turn and help him to start fairly in the world. Con-
ferences led to conclusions, and in the summer of 1815 the
firm of Oviatt & Kent was formed to conduct a typical pio-
neer store in Ravenna. Thither Mr. Kent went to erect a
building before the firm could begin business. 'The site
chosen was that upon which the Second National Rank now
stands. With his saw' and plane and hammer Mr. Kent
helped to put up the wooden building which was to serve
for store and dwelling. This building was subsequently
moved to the south side of Main street, in I.iltle’s Riock.
After the firm of ( )viull K Kent had been in successful oper-
ation for several years, Mr. Kent was able to refund the
capital advanced by Mr. Oviatt, and the firm dissolved,
leaving the junior partner the sole control of the business.
In 1S26, while managing his growing business, Mr. Kent
entered into a contract to erect the court-house, which still
stands in Ravenna, one of the most substantial buildings of
its kind in the State. In its early days it was looked upon
as a wonder in architectural art. Front 1831 to 1850 Mr.
Kent was senior partner of the firm of Kent & llrewsler,
w hich did a profitable trade in Hudson. In the meantime
Mr. Kent w'.as accumulating a store of the world’s goods,
and making investments where there w'as fair prospect of
good returns. In 1832 he joined David Ladd in the pur-
chase of a tract of land embracing between five and six
hundred acres of land in the township of F ranklin, now the
village of Kent. 'This tract embraced the water-power of
the Cuyahoga river at that place. 'The connection of Mr.
Ladd with this property was short, Mr. Kent soon becoming
sole proprietor. In the year of the purchase he erected
Kent’s Flouring Mill, the product of which has been held
in high repute for more than a third of a century. 'This
mill produced the first Hour shipped from northern Ohio to
Cleveland, going by way of the Ohio canal. Having dis-

solved business connection with Mr. Ladd, Mr. Kent made
arrangements with John lirown to cany on the tanning
business in an establishment already underway. In l8jfi
Mr. Kent sold his large tract to the Franklin Land Com-
pany, which afterwards became the Franklin Silk Company.
In 1849 the Franklin Rank of l’ortage County was estab-
lished, and Mr. Kent was chosen its President. 'This im-
portant post lie held until 1864, when the Franklin Rank
gave place to the Kent National Rank, of which lie was also
made president, holding the position at the time of his death.
I11 1850 Mr. Kent began the erection of a cotton factory and
a private residence in Franklin, where his interests had cen-
tered. Thither he removed on the completion of his
dwelling house in 1851. In the spring of 1853 Mr. Kent
was elected Treasurer of the Atlantic & Great Western
Railroad Company, tilling the position efficiently for one
year. In April, i860, he moved into an elegant mansion
which he had built on Euclid street, Cleveland. While on
a visit to Kent, on the 21st of October, 1SC4, death took
from him the partner of his early toils and of his years of
ease. Thus bereft he longed for quiet and repose, and in
the following month returned to Franklin (the name of
which had been changed to Kent) to pass the remainder of
his days. Mr. Kent’s business career was that of an indus-
trious plodder, who gained success by deserving it. He
was possessed of a great fund of solid common sense, to
which it had pleased God to add an indomitable will, native
business tact, energy that never flagged, and, above all, an
unyielding integrity which gained him the confidence of all
with whom he had relations, lie was a cautious, method-
ical business man, not given to speculation, watchful of little
things, and llnifly. Once, while in New York city to buy
goods, an incident occurred which will serve to illustrate a
marked trait in his character. A representative of a silk
house called upon Mr. Kent at his hotel at the usual hour
for beginning the day’s business, for the purpose of soliciting
his custom. Mr. Kent met his visitor and said to him, “ If
you expect to sell me goods, you must get up early in the
morning. I bought all my silks before breakfast.” Another
instance w ill show how dearly he held his integrity and the
good opinion of his fellows. While President of the bank-
ing department of the Franklin Silk Company, he requited
to be placed in his hands the means to redeem the com-
pany’s issues, remarking that he would put his name upon
no paper without having the power to protect it from dis-
honor. The arrangement was effected. Notwithstanding the
disastrous termination of the silk company, thanks to Mr.
Kent’s honor and forethought, its paper was all redeemed at
face value. Ilis life record was made up of deeds that rc-
llect lustre on his memory, and mark him as one of the pio-
neer noblemen of the West. In personal appearance Zenas
Kent was tall ol stature, erect and graceful of carriage, dig-
nified of mien. Little given to society, he was nevertheless
aflablc and agreeable in all ol his relations. Though fair
and equitable dealing made him popular as a tradesman,

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654

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP/EDIA.

his retiring nature forbade many intimate friendships.
While malice did not enter into his heart, the very firmness
of his character made him quick to resent an abuse of his
confidence. .Beneath a dignified exterior, bordering at
times upon austerity, he wore a warm and sympathetic
heart, lie held a kind act in tender remembrance, and the
few friendships he formed remained unbroken to the end
of his days. Ilis tastes were simple and his habits the most
correct. He never used tobacco or stimulants of any kind,
and for thirty years did not have an hour’s sickness. Mr.
Kent was blessed with a family of thirteen children, nine of
whom survive him. These he lived to see arrive at ma-
turity, all occupying positions of prominence and influence
in their respective homes. The surviving children are
Mrs. Harriet Clapp, of New York city; Henry A., Edward
and George I.., of Brooklyn, New York; Marvin, Charles
II., and Mrs. Amelia 1.. Shively, of Kent, Ohio; Mrs.
Francis E. Wells, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and Mrs.
Emily K., wife of K. B. Dennis, Esq., of Cleveland, Ohio.
Of the four children deceased, Mrs. Eliza A. Poag died in
Brooklyn, July 4U1, 1S64; three, Louisa, Amelia, and an
unnamed infant, lie in Ravenna Cemetery. Zenas Kent '
died suddenly at his residence in Kent, October 4th, 1865, |
in the eightieth year of his age. Ilis remains were interred i
in Woodland Cemetery, Cleveland’s beautiful city of the ■
dead. In a lovely spot, removed from the hurly-burly of a
busy world, under the shade of the cypress and willow, by
the side of the wife of his bosom, sleeps all that is left to
earth of a man who fought the battle of life bravely and left
a good name — the best of all heir-looms. At the time of
his death Mr. Kent’s estate was valued at $300,000.

IKE, SAMUEL N., Merchant, was born in the
city of New York in 1822. lie was educated at
Stamford, Connecticut. When only seventeen
years old he went south, and settled at first in
Florida, where he engaged in business. lie sub-
sequently removed to Richmond, Virginia, thence
to Baltimore, and finally to St. Louis, in all of which cities
he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, but these not answer-
ing his expectations, he resolved to return home. On his
way to New York he chanced to take his journey via Cin-
cinnati, reaching that city July 4th, 1844, and there he
concluded to remain. He opened a dry-goods store in the
llopple building on Third street, and afterwards removed
to Pearl street. This proving unprofitable, he relinquished
it,. and purchased a grocery and rectifying establishment at
the foot ol Main street. In 184S he bought a warehouse on
the canal. In 1S53 he commenced the erection of an
elegant stone front block on Fourth street below Smith ; and
dining the same year changed his business location, and
likewise purchased a lot on Sycamore street near Front,
where he erected a substantial warehouse. He commenced

the Opera House on Fourth, between Vine and Walnut
streets, in 1857, which was completed and opened to the
public February 22d, 1S59, being one of the largest in the
United Stales; it was destroyed by lire in 1S66. He rebuilt
it in 1S71. In 1867 he was nominated for mayor of the
city, but declined being a candidate. He was noted for bis
charities, and was foremost in every benevolent undertaking.
Ilis kind, courteous and genial nature, unassuming manners,
and warmth of heart, endeared him to all those who ever
came in contact with him. Ile was married in 1846 to the
youngest daughter of Judge Miller.

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Ql&j| ILF°RE>, JOHN BARKER, M. D„ Physician and
* * Surgeon, was born, March 26th, 1833, in Batavia
Genesee county, New York, and is a son of John
Chester Willord, who was a major in the war of
1812, and underwent all the hardships and perils
of an Indian captivity during that contest. Ilis
ancestor, Colonel Wilford, was a soldier of the Revolution.
Dr. Wilford at an early age evinced rare talents for research
and study. Surrounded by all the discouragements of
poverty and inappreciation, the long hours of the night and
the uncertain glare from the family fire-place were brought
into requisition in satisfying his longing appetite for knowl-
edge. At the early age of nineteen, w ith but the limited
advantages of a common school education, he commenced
preparation for bis chosen profession, medicine. Over-
coming all obstacles, he graduated with honors from the
University of Pennsylvania, medical department, in 1856.
Still thirsting for knowledge, of which as yet lie had just
tasted, he entered the Pennsylvania Hospital, in Philadel-
phia, as a physician, and desirous of making the diseases of
women a specialty, at a later date engaged in Allen’s
Lying-in Hospital in the same city. In that institution
many vexatious combinations of disease were brought to his
notice, and all his mental energies aroused to minister to
their relief. Immediately civil war burst upon the country,
he volunteered his services at the front, but owing to physi-
cal disability was assigned to duty in one of the United
States Army Hospitals in Philadelphia. Here his great
skill in surgery found full play, and many of the brave de-
fenders of liberty remember him gratefully for the sa\ing
of life and limb. He continued the practice of his profes-
sion in Philadelphia for two years after the close of the war,
standing high in public esteem and in the ranks of the pro-
fession. Attracted by the wider field of usefulness in the
West, he removed to Chicago in 1S67, and after the great
fire in that city, in October, 1871, made a tour through the
South, where he studied the diseases peculiar to that lati-
tude, in the hospitals of Memphis, New Orleans, Mobile,
Galveston, and other cities. He finally settled, in 1873, in
Toledo, Ohio, where his success in the treatment of chronic
diseases, female complaints, nervous debility, neuralgia,

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

655

scrofula, and dyspepsia, soon brought him into favorable
notice, which lias been succeeded by a large practice with
its attendant benclils. Being determined to overcome the
disadvantages, so well I auwn by the profession, be is about
to establish a home hospital for women, where they can
enjoy all the comforts of a home, and at the same lime be
under his especial care. He has been a member of the
Presbyterian Church in good standing since 1850. lie
occupies a high social position in society, and is eminently
a man of the times, who conscientiously fulfils every duty
devolving upon him. The present century is peculiarly an
age of progress and advancement. Within its limits the
impassable barriers of other ages have passed away, ami
science has marie giant strides. In no department has there
been more advancement than in the science of medicine.
This is largely due to the special researches of special men.
Taking up a particular branch, each has advanced to the
front rank therein, inventing rare and valuable appliances
and patent remedies, before w hich diseases, long thought
incurable, disappear. Dr. Wilford is entitled to rank among
these representative men. His deep reading and earnest
research 'lave confined him to the channels of private life,
compelling him to reject many flattering offerings of public
advancement and trust. He has been twice married, and
is the father of four children, two of whom survive.

°>-r*'E LA NO, MORTIMER FREDERICK, D.D.S.,
and Oculist, was born, November 71b, 1820, at
Oak Orchard, Orleans county, New York, and is
a son of Doctor Austin and Catharine (Almy) De
l.ano, being of English and French descent. lie
was educated at Cayuga Academy, which he left
at thirteen years of age to enter the Academy at Burton,
Ohio; thence he went to Ravenna Seminary for one term,
and completed lib studies in the Yates Academy, New
York. While at this latter school and subsequently, he
learned the printer’s trade at Penn Yan, remaining there
until 1857, when he removed to Detroit, and worked there
in a printing office, and subsequently became an attache of
the United Stales Topographical Engineer Corps for a short
time, lie next devoted four years to the study of medicine
and dentistry, and finished his dental education in Adrian,
Michigan. When twenty-one years of age, he commenced
the practice of dentistry in Maumee, where he sojourned
one season, and travelled for three or four years; during
this entire period continuing his professional pursuits. He
then located in Sandusky, where he remained until 186S,
.and established an extensive practice in that city, and
earned the reputation of being one of the leading dentists
in the Slate. In 1S70 he removed to Toledo, but for some
years gradually .withdrew from active duties on account of
failing health. Since 1874, however, having recovered, he
is rapidly regaining his old reputation. He attributes his

great success, in this line, to his close application to his pro-
fessional avocation; he has also met with great success in
those operations performed as an oculist. I le has devoted
many years to scientific questions beating upon navigation,
and the result of which is his invention of an instrument
termed the “ Longimeter,” being a new method of deter-
mining the longitude at sea, and which is evidently destined
to cause a revolution in the science of navigation. It has
been examined carefully and critically by many scientists,
who have acknowledged it to be a success in every respect,
lie was married, 1838, to Philena N. Anderson, of New
York.

GVYES, DON. RUTHERFORD B., Governor of
Ohio, was born in Delaware, Ohio, October 41I1,
1822. He is the son of Rutherford and Sophia
(Birchard) Hayes. His father descended from
George Hayes, a Scotchman, w ho came to New
England about two hundred years ago; his
mother from John Birchard, who settled in Connecticut
about 1640. After a good preliminary education, he read
law with Thomas Sparrow, of Columbus; entered the Law
School of Harvard College, air1 graduated in 1845. lie
began the practice of his profession in Fremont, Ohio, but
for some years prior to the outbreak of the rebellion was
located in Cincinnati. 1 1 is genial manners and fine capaci-
ties as a public speaker had commended him to popular
favor, and in the responsible official positions he was called
upon to fill he enlarged his reputation as a lawyer, and
established himself in the confidence both of the profession
and of his increasing numbers of clients. At the first call
for volunteers in 1861, he wlls in the height of a successful
practice. He proffered his services, however, at once, and
was appointed Major of the 23d Ohio Infantry, June 7th,
1861. He served under General Rosecrans in West Vir-
ginia, during the summer anil fall of 1861, and for a short
time was Judge Advocate on the General’s staff, lie was
promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, November 41I1,
1861, and took and retained command of the 23d Regi-
ment during the spring campaign in West Virginia, and the
autumn campaign under General McClellan, until he was
disabled at the battle of South Mountain. In 1862 he was
appointed Colonel of the 79th Ohio, but was prevented from
joining the regiment by the South Mountain wound; and
on October 15th of that year was promoted to the Colonelcy
of the 23d Ohio. December 25th, 1862, he was placed in
command of the 1st Brigade of the Kanaw ha Division, and
so continued until Sheridan’s victory at Winchester, in Sep-
tember, 1864, when lie took command of this Kanawha
Division and led it through the remainder of the active
campaigning in that year. In October, 1864, he was ap-
pointed Brigadier-General “ for gallant and meritorious ser-
vices in the battles of Winchester, Fisher’s Hill, and Cedar
Creek.” In the spring of 1865 he was given command of

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656

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

nn expedition against Lynchburg, I <y way of 1 1 1 <: mountains
of West Virginia, and was engaged in preparations for tlmt
campaign when the war closed. For gallant and distin-
guished services during the campaign of 1864, lie was
hrevclled Major-General, llefore the close of the war he
was elected to Congress from the Second Cincinnati J >is
t riel by a handsome majority, and in 1866 was re-elected.
Although a fine speaker, he preferred not to add to the
multitude of words which in Congress so often darken
counsel, and in three sessions did not make a single elabor-
ate speech. 1 1 is action was uniformly in the line of policy
of the Republican party by which he had been elected; and
his fidelity and sound judgment were greatly relied on by
Ids fellow-members. At the Republican State Convention
in 1S67, he was nominated by a handsome majority, almost
indeed spontaneously, for the Governorship of the State, to
succeed Governor Cox. lie thereupon resigned his seat in
Congress, and entered actively upon the canvass. The con-
test was complicated by the negro-suffrage question, the
bond question, and other matters which loaded down the
ticket with an unpopular platform. lie was, however,
elected over A. G. Thurman, now United States Senator,
by a majority of about three thousand; and was all the
more highly esteemed at the close of the campaign for his
handsome bearing throughout it. In 1869 he was renomi-
nated for Governor without opposition, and was elected by
a very large majority (7501) over the Democratic candidate,
lion. George II. Pendleton. At the close of his second
term as Governor, he resumed his private business, and
continued thus engaged until summoned again by his party
as its leader in the Stale canvass of 1S75, which resulted in
his election to the office of Governor for a third term. He
married Lucy li. Webb.

I.EMM, OTIIO, Auditor of Toledo, was born in
Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany, July, 1836; was
educated in the Gymnasium, and lived with his
parents until nearly fourteen. He emigrated with
his father to America in the spring of 1S50. Ilis
father leaving for California, he was placed under
the charge of Joseph S. Lake, a banker in Wall street, and
remained with him until 1.853, when he went to Cleveland,
Ohio. Having strong recommendations to the President
of the Canal Hank of that city, he obtained a situation as
clerk in the bank until its failure in 1854, when he left for
Toledo. In that city he engaged with E. Haskell as clerk,
in the Toledo Insurance Company. After Mr. Haskell’s
death he became bookkeeper to W. [. Finlay until 1859,
when he joined the United Slates Express Company. In
that employ he remained until the war broke out, in iSfil,
when he enlisted as a private in battery li, 1st Illinois
Regiment Light Artillery. lie served three years, and was
engaged in seventeen battles, among them JSehnont, Fort
Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Chickasaw, llayou,

Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, and Mission Ridge. He
was in all the fights through Georgia, and was sent home
from Atlanta, Georgia, to be mustered out. Returning to
Toledo, he became a partner in a retail dry goods business.
In the spring of 1870 he was elected Auditor of the city of
Toledo, and has held the position to the present time (Jan-
uary, 1876). He was married, December 18th, 1873, to
Llertha Schauinbach.

ALL, JOSEPH LLOYD, Bank-Lock and Safe
Manufacturer, was born, May 9th, 1823, at Salem,
New Jersey, and is the second son of Edward
and Anna (Lloyd) Hall, lie removed with his
parents to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1832. 1 1 is
educational advantages were very limited, as he
began to earn his own living at eight years of age; and
although his early tastes inclined him to mechanical pur-
suits, yet circumstances combined to prevent their gratifica-
tion. In 1840 he engaged in a steamboat enterprise, and
continued in that business upon the Mississippi river and its
tributaries until 1846, when he returned to Pittsburgh and
formed a copartnership with his father, under the firm-name
of E. & J. Hall, and embarked in the manufacture of fire-
proof safes. This industry w'as undeveloped, and they also
found such strong competition from the W'ealthy and long-
established Eastern houses in the same line, that they deter-
mined to remove to Cincinnati, w hich they carried out in
1848. In that city they established the nucleus of the
present immense manufactory, and both father and son
toiled in their little workshop from day to day with inde-
fatigable patience and energy. They labored assiduously
to educate the public mind to\ fuller appreciation of the
great security obtained by the use of fire and burglar-proof
safes, and stemming the current of opposition w ith a rare
and admirable pertinacity for years, they finally triumphed
over adverse circumstances and stood on a firm foundation.
In 1S51 his father disposed of his interest in the business
to William B. Dodd-,, and the firm of Hall, Dodds & Co.
succeeded; they employed, at that time, a force of fifteen
hands, and produced about two safes per week. This firm
was dissolved in 1S57, and was thereafter followed by
others in succession, in all of which Joseph L. Hall was the
senior partner and chief executive. The Hall Safe and
Lock Company was organized in May, 1867, of which he
was chosen President and Treasurer, and, as formerly, still
exercises a rigid surveillance over all the practical operations
of the works. This is said to be the largest safe manufac-
turing establishment in the world, and is probably more
than four times as large as any similar concern in the
United Slates. It employs some six hundred mechanics of
consummate skill and experience, and has a capacity for
turning out about fifty safes each working day. He has
devoted his mechanical genius to the perfection of the ai ti-
des manufactured by the company, and his many improve-

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'

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

incuts attest his aptness and fitness for the task, lie is the
patentee of some thirty well known and valuable inventions
in hank locks and safes, lie has built some of the hugest
safes ever constructed, and, without exception, they have
preserved their contents intact during the severest tests.
The manner in which his live hundred safes passed the
terrible ordeal at the great lire in Chicago, October, 1871,
is a sufficient proof of their reliability. The company have
branch houses in every important city in the Union, and
the reputation of the safes and locks is limited only by the
coniines of civilization. At the outbreak of the late civil
war, in 1861, he undertook the execution of a contract to
alter, for the United States government, within thirty days,
live thousand Austrian muskets, and performed the work
so satisfactorily and efficiently, that he was awarded many
other contracts during the war. lie never aspired to nor
accepted a public office, although often solicited to become
a candidate. lie has been for many years an active, zeal-
ous, and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and is at present one of the most liberal supporters
of St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church of Cincinnati.
Such is the record of a man who, by dint of indomitable
energy and native genius, won his way to a proud and en-
viable position in the business and social world — a position
which his generous and hospitable nature well fits him to
grace. lie was married, in early manhood, to Sarah Jane
Jewell, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and this union has
been blessed with twelve children, three sons being now
associated with him, all of whom are active and efficient
business men, the oldest, Edward C. Hall, having filled the
position of Vice-President of the company.

*3,

IESON, JAMES LEIGHTON, M. D., Physician,
was born near Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio,
January 5th, 1821, and is the third of twelve
children whose parents were Adam 15. and Mar-
gery (Dean) Wilson. 1 1 is father was born, 1790,
in Lincoln county, North Carolina, and was a
fanner by occupation, lie removed to Ohio in 1814, first
locating at Chillicothe, and finally settled, in 1816, in Madi-
son township, Highland county, where he resided until his
death, in November, 1857. He was a soldier during the
war of 1S12, and was for a number of years Magistrate of
Highland county. He married Margery, daughter of Abra-
ham Dean, an early settler in Pike county, Ohio, where she
■was born in 1799. James attended school during the win-
ter and assisted his father in farm-work until he was nine-
teen years old, when he entered the Ohio University at
Athens, where he diligently studied for two years. In 1842
he returned home, and commenced reading medicine under
Drs. Milton and Alexander Dunlap, of Greenfield. In the
fall of 1S4 3 he went to Cincinnati to attend the lectures at
the Ohio Medical College, reluming home at the close of

f’57

the course. After remaining in the office there one year,
he commenced practising medicine in Champaign county
lor fifteen mouths, and then look a second course in the
Ohio Medical College, from w hich he graduated with I101101
in the spring of 1848. In the same year he relumed le
Greenfield, where he has since resided, and w here he has
established an extensive and remunerative practice. He is
a frequent contributor to the medical literature of the day;
and the essay on “ Scarlatina,” published among the trails,
actions of the State Medical Society in 1852, evoked con.
siderable attention, lie is a member of the State Medical
Society, and also of the Highland County Medical Society.
He has never sought nor held any public office whatever.
He was originally a Whig, but is now' affiliated with the
Republican party. I’or the past thirty-five years he has
been a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was mar-
ried, in 1846, to Elizabeth IE, daughter of Hon. Hugh
Smart, one of the early associate judges and legislative
representatives of Highland county, Ohio; she died in 1866,
having had four children. He was married, in 1868, to
Margaret J. McClure (whose maiden-name was Margaret
J. l!rown), a native of Ross county, who is the mother of
one child.

^ ARLAN, ROBERT 15., Lawyer and Soldier, was
born, July 31st, 1808, in Warren county, Ohio,
and is the seventh of ten children, whose parents
were George and Esther (Eulan) Harlan. Ilis
father was a native of Chatham, North Carolina,
of remote German ancestry, and a Quaker in
religious belief, a farmer by occupation. He removed to
Ohio in 1796, locating firsOat Columbia, and thence pro-
ceeded to Deerfield, Warren county, but finally settled, in
1797, north of Lebanon, Warren county, where he resided
until his death, December 21st, 1846. He filled at various
times the offices of Sheriff, County Commissioner, Justice
of the Peace, and Associate Judge of Common Pleas; he
w'as also a representative in the Legislature for one term.
His wife was a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia,
daughter of Jacob Eulan, an early pioneer of what is now
Scott county, Kentucky, settling there in 1787, of Hol-
lander descent. She died December 291I1, 1858, in her
eighty-first year. Robert worked on a farm until he was
sixteen years old, attending the wdnter district school. In
1828 he settled at Wilmington, Clinton county, where he
obtained employment in the County Clerk’s office as deputy,
and where he continued eight years, reading law during his
leisure hours. In 1837, having passed the requisite ex-
amination, lie was admitted to practise at Chillicothe, and
immediately entered upon his professional duties at Wil-
mington , w here he has ever since resided, and where he
has established a lucrative and extensive practice. In
1840 41 he represented Clinton county in the Legislature,
and again in 1S50 51. In 1852 he was elected Judge of

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658

biographical encyclopedia.

the Court of Common Pleas of the Second Judicial District,
and held that office for one term, lie was Captain, l oloncl
and Major-General successively of the Ohio Militia mulct
the old laws. I luring the civil war he was ( 'upturn of ( mu
puny It, l.'lh < > 1 1 1 > Volunteer Infantry, and saw service in
Ohio and Virginia, lie is a Kepuhlican in political faith.
Although lie has nearly reached the limit of threescore years
and ten, his mental and physical powers are wonderlully
preserved. lie was married in 1S38 to Maria D., daughter
of Isaiah Morris, a native of Clinton county, New York, hut
a pioneer-settler of Clinton county, Ohio; she died in 1843,
having had three children, lie was subsequently united to
Caroline E., daughter of George I,. Hayworth, of C linton
county, Ohio.

^TARLING, LYNE, son of William and Susanna
(I.yne) Starling, was born in the vicinity of Boyd-
town, Virginia, December 27th, 1784. When
quite young he emigrated with his father’s family
to Kentucky, and in the year 1806 to Franklinlon,
Ohio. While a youth he was appointed Deputy
Clerk of court at Frankfort, Kentucky, and he was trained
to business and industrious habits by a precise and method-
ical master. Soon after his arrival in this State he was
appointed Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts of the
United States, and also of the Supreme and Common l’leas
Courts of Franklin county. After holding this position for
some years, Mr. Sullivant furnished him means and entered
into partnership widi him in the mercantile business, lie
became a very successful merchant and enterprising trader,
being the First one who ventured cargoes of produce down
the Scioto and thence to New Orleans in decked llalboats.
lie was a commissary and large contractor for supplies to
the northwestern army under General Harrison. Falling
into bad health he travelled extensively both in this country
and abroad, being a man of quick perceptions and a good
observer both of men and things, he gained much practical
knowledge and was greatly improved by his travels, lie
finally made Columbus his permanent place of residence,
when he returned to take charge of the valuable estate of
Mr. Lucas Sullivant. He was one of the original proprie-
tors of Columbus, the central portion of the city having been
laid out on land owned by him. The old Stale House was
built by a company of gentlemen of whom Mr. Starling was
one, as one of the conditions upon which the seat of govern-
ment was located at the “high banks opposite Franklinlon”
— now Columbus. Not long before his death he endowed a
medical college, which bears his name — Starling Medical
College. He died November 2tst, 1S4S. He was exten-
sively known among the first men of this country, and his
opinions were held in high estimation by the great men of
his age. He had a quick, clear perception, a retentive
memory, a sound, unerring judgment. He possessed the
rare faculty of annihilating in an instant the space between

cause and effect. It was this peculiar, intellectual superior-
ity which rendered his efforts in business so uniformly suc-
cessful, and which enabled him, before reaching the meridian
of life, 10 amass one of the largest fortunes w hich have been
accumulated in the West.

TOUG I T, WILLIAM, Insurance Agent, Justice and
Soldier, was born, January 22d, 1821, in Franklin
county, Pennsylvania, of American parentage of
German descent. He was educated in the com-
mon schools, and w hen (pule young was appren-
ticed to learn the cabinetmaker’s trade, in Mans-
field, Ohio. Having perfected himself in this calling he
entered into business for himself, and removed to Williams
county, Ohio, where he also followed the lumber business
in connection with cabinetmaking. After a period of twelve
years, he engaged in general merchandise in I’ulaski anil
Bryan, where he continued for five years. In 1861 he en-
tered the army as Captain of Company II, 381I1 Regiment
Ohio Volunteers, and served with that command for one
year, resigning in consequence of ill health. He returned
home, w here he remained for a year, and then re-cnletcd
tire service as a Captain in the 9th Ohio Cavalry. In Sep-
tember, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of Major, and
fifteen days thereafter again promoted, receiving the rank
of Lieutenant Colonel for efficient services, and held that
rank at the close of the war. lie holds a brevet Colonel
and Brigadier-General's commission for meritorious conduct,
March toil), 1865; these are for services rendered at the
surprise of Kilpatrick’s command by Wade Hampton and
Wheeler at Monroe Cross Roads, near Fayette, North Car-
olina; and in the “ I Iistory of the Ninety-Second Illinois
Infantry” he is highly complimented for the efficient ser-
vices he then rendered. lie was honorably discharged
from the service in August, 1865, and returning home was
elected Justice of the Peace for three terms In succession,
and still holds that office, and has served in that capacity
altogether for six terms in Williams county. In 1870 he
was chosen Mayor of Bryan, lie is also engaged’ in the
insurance business, lie has been connected with the Re-
publican party since its foundation. He was married in
1840 to Sarah A. Redding, of Richland county, Ohio, who
died in September, 1864.

4®

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ijOWFSM ITI f, JOHN G., M. D., was born in Lon-
don, England, November 51I1, 1817. His parents
were Edward W. and Jane (Armstrong) liowe-
smith, his father being engaged as a banker and
broker in London. After a preparatory course
in the public schools of his native town, he en-
tered in 1833 Edinburgh University, and in 1S38 graduated
from that celebrated institution in the literary as well as

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HlOUkAl'lIlCAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA.

<>59

medical departments. 1 Ie immediately entered the Rrilish
army as Surgeon in (lie Light brigade, and was subsequently
1 1 .ilr.ferred to the i> jd 1 1 ig I dan dels, 1 1 i ■> term ol service ill
llie ai my extended mu' a peiiod of eight yi-ai , and a hull,
dining wliirli time lie served willi ability and dislinrlion in
Russia, India and the Crimean war. In I So I he came tu
Quebec, and in 1S6S he located in Mansfield, Ohio, 'where
he has since resided and been successfully engaged in his
profession. 1 1 is long service in India peculiarly fitted him
far the successful treatment of cancers, and, though engaged
in a general practice of medicine, most of his time is occu-
pied in the treatment of cancers in their numerous and
various forms. In this specially he has acquired much skill,
and his labors therein extend over a large tract of country,
lie has established offices in Crestline, New Haven, Ohio,
Mount Vernon and Loudonville, in connection with that at
Mansfield for the treatment of this disease, all of which
places he attends in person at regular intervals. He was
married, in January, 1867, to Isabella Sharp Eadie, of
Scotch descent.

ULTMAN, CORNELIUS, was born two miles east
of Canton, Ohio, on March 10th, 1827. His
parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Tawney) Ault-
man, formerly of Pennsylvania. Soon after the
birth of Cornelius they settled in Uniontown,
Stark county, and in the course of a year there-
after the father died. The education he received was indeed
a meagre one, consisting in all of about eight months spent
at the village school. When about fourteen years of age he
went to work with his uncle at the millwright trade, and
after a few months spent in this avocation he returned to his
mother, who had married John Miller, a farmer living at
Creentown. Soon after he engaged in learning to manu-
facture spinning wheels and grain-cradles in Creentown.
After mastering this business he entered the machine-shop
of Wise & Hall in the spring of 1845, and served there for
about two years. During the winter of 1S4S-49 he built on
his own account five Hussey reapers, and in the spring of
1S49 took these reapers and emigrated to Will county, Illi-
nois, where, in connection with Michael Hillman, he started
a machine-shop. I lore he remained until the fall of 1850,
when he returned to Creentown, Ohio, and purchased the
interest of Michael Wise, in the business of Wise Hall,
who had a machine-shop at that place. The firm at this
lime consisted of Michael Wise, Ephraim Hall and Lewis
Acker. In a short time Mr. Aultman also secured Acker's
interest in the business, and subsequently disposed of it to
Lewis Miller and Ceorge Cook. He also sold one half of
the interest he had bought of Wise to David Houser. The
firm now became Hall, Aultman & Co., and immediately ]
thereafter enlarged their business, and in the winter of I
1850-51 manufactured twelve reapers and six threshers (the |

old firm having built but six threshers the previous year).
Seeing the necessity and great advantage of being on the
line of a railroad, they moved ihcii woi ks in the fall of 1851
lo ( 'anion, < >hio, and I lieu: erected buildings, in whit h din-
ing that winter they turned out twenty five reapers. At lliis
lime the entire capital of the firm was but lour thousand
dollars; but the citizens of Canton feeling much interest in
the success of their establishment, and having great confi-
dence in the ability and integrity of the firm, advanced, at
low rates of interest, in order lo allow them to enlarge their
business, eight thousand dollars, securing themselves by
accepting a mortgage on the buildings. In the fall of 1852
Mr. Aultman purchased Mr. Houser’s interest in the busi-
ness, and subsequently sold the same to Thomas lx. Tonner.
In the spring of 1855, just as the company were in a fair
way to establish a flourishing business, their works, with the
finished and unfinished work therein, were destroyed by
fire; and this disaster not only robbed the firm of their all,
but left them about eleven thousand dollars in debt. l!ut
the Cantonians had learnt to regard this concern as an insti-
tution of their own, and having no doubt of their ability to
recover from their misfortunes, immediately furnished them
with several thousand dollars in money with which to re-
sume operations. They now engaged in the manufacture
of Hall’s Ohio mower, an invention of Mr. Hall, and a
threshing machine known as tire “sweepstakes.” I11 the
fall of 1S58 Mr. Hall withdrew, and the firm became C.
Aultman & Co. After Mr. Hall’s retirement the new firm
engaged in the manufacture of the “ buckeye mower,” an
invention of their own, which now has a world wide repu-
tation. The business prospered largely, and during the war
the sales of machines were exceedingly extensive. In 1863
the company, desiring to stiU further enlarge their business,
started a branch at Akron, Ohio, which concern is still in
operation and known as Aultman, Miller N Co. In 1863
the First National Hank of Canton was organized by Mr.
Aultman and others; and he has acted as President since its
organization. This monetary institution, like all others
with which lie is connected, enjoys the utmost confidence
of the community, and has nobly weathered all the financial
panics that have visited the country since the time of its
opening. In 1S65 a slock company was organized out of
the concern, having a capital stock of one million of dol-
lars, which is all taken, and they have the power to increase
the same. The corporation is known as C. Aultman & Co.
For several years Mr. Aultman acted as general manager
and Superintendent, but his time is now occupied solely in
looking after the various and valuable patents owned by
the company; and it is but justice to say that no one is
better authority on patents in the mower and reaper line.
In 186711c started in Mansfield, Ohio, in connection with
II. II. Taylor, of Chicago (now deceased), an establishment
for the purpose of manufacturing the vibrator threshing
machine, which is also made at Hattie Creek, Michigan
— Mr. Aultman having a sixth interest in the establishment

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RIOGKAI'IIIGAL F.NCYCl.Ol’.EDIA

(j6o

at the last-named place, lie was married in 1S46 to Kliza
Wise, of Greenlown, Ohio, who died in February, 1866.
In the lall of iH(ii) he was mariied to his present wile, nle
Kale Hanoi), lull at that lime Mrs. Key-hold, ol I'liila-

ALL, I ION. JAMES, Soldier, Author, Lawyer and
Jurist, was horn, August 19th, 1793, in the city
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a son of
John Hall, whose father was a wealthy Maryland
planter, His mother was a daughter of Rev. Dr.

John Ewing, Provost of the University of Penn-
sylvania and a celebrated Presbyterian divine ; she was a
woman of rare intellectual powers, the authoress of “ Con-
versations on the Hible,” which was widely published in
this country and reprinted in London. She it was who in-
structed her son James, whose health was feeble in youth,
and was not sent to school except at brief intervals. lie
became thoroughly versed in English literature, and ob-
tained a good knowledge of Latin and French. While a
youth he was placed in a merchant’s counting-house, where
he remained two years. The war of 1S12 breaking out, he
was active in assisting to organize the Washington l luards,
his name heading the muster-roll. The captain was Condy
Raguet, and went into service at Wilmington, Delaware,
where they encamped for several months. In the fall of
the same year he was commissioned a Lieutenant of (he 2d
Regiment United States Artillery, commanded by Colonel
Winfield Scott, and garrisoning Port Mifflin, below Phila-
delphia. In the following spring he inarched with that
command to the Niagara frontier, and joined the gallant
army of Scott, lirown and Ripley, which invaded Canada
and fought the brilliant battles of Chippewa, Niagara and
l’ort Erie, lie participated in all these engagements, com-
manding a separate piece at Chippewa, and was compli-
mented for good conduct in the fight. At the battle of
Lundy's Lane he received a musket ball in his left arm,
which he carried to his grave. After peace was declared,
in 1815, he was retained in the service, and was selected
subsequently as one of live artillery officers to accompany
the expedition against Algiers, commanded by Commodore
Decatur, and after a live months’ cruise in the Mediter-
ranean he returned home, lie was stationed afterwards at
Newport, Rhode Island, for over a year, and was ordered,
in 1817, to Pittsburgh, on ordnance duty. Here, while
still in the service, he completed his law studies — which
had been interrupted by the war — under the supervision of
lion. Walter Forward, and on being admitted to the bar, in
1818, resigned his commission of Captain in the army,
having been promoted to that rank. He had already been
a contributor to several journals, especially to the Port
Polio, a monthly magazine edited by his brother, John E.
Hall, and published by another brother, Harrison Hall, in
Philadelphia. Early in 1820 he descended the Ohio in a

keel boat, and wrote a series of “ Letters from the West,”
which were published originally in the Port Polio , and sub-
sequently collated into a volume and republished byt’ol-
b 11 1 11, of London, in 182K. lie leached Shawm-clown,
liallalin county, Illinois, in the summer ol the same year,
where he took up his residence and commenced the prac-
tice of his profession, at the same time editing the Illinois
Gazette, published there. He was ’soon after appointed
Prosecuting Attorney for the circuit composed of nine
counties, and for four years filled that position. In those
early days it was the custom for the judge and other court
officers, as well as the lawyers, to journey together from
county to county on horseback, their numbers insuring
them protection ; in the course of their journeys they en-
countered the usual privations of a sparsely settled frontier
country. A new judicial system being established, he was
elected Judge by the Legislature, and was on the bench
two years when the law was repealed, upon a change of
political party power, and he was legislated out of office.
He was, however, elected State Treasurer, which position
he held four years, removing to Vandalia, the then capital,
and where for a time he edited the Illinois Intelligencer.
During all this period he was actively employed in en-
couraging the settlement of the Slate and in organizing
social institutions. For the purpose of inviting immigration
he corresponded largely with distant journals, writing de-
scriptions of the country, etc. He also established the
Illinois Magazine, a monthly periodical, of which he was at
once editor, publisher, and almost the only contributor. It
was dropped, however, in two years, when he removed to
Cincinnati. He was also one of the commissioners, in
1825, to revise the “Statutes of Illinois,” and performed a
large share of the work. Sooi^after his arrival in Cincin-
nati he established the IVestcrn Monthly Magazine, and
contributed largely to its pages. In 1835 he w as appointed
Cashier of the Commercial Rank, a large moneyed institu-
tion, whose charter expired in 1843, and which he wound
up as agent of the stockholders, paying them a large sur-
plus. He was also elected Cashier of the new bank of the
same name, with a smaller capital, owned by a few- persons,
himself being one, and almost entirely managed by him.
lie afterwards became its President, and so continued until
his death, lie was a voluminous writer, and his works
number many volumes; prominent among these is his
“ History and Riography of the North American Indians,”
3 volumes, folio, with 120 colored lithographic portraits of
noted Indians, taken from life under the direction of the
War Department at Washington. The work was published
at 8120 a copy. Not only was he an elegant writer of
prose, but he is the author of some of the most beautiful
lyrics in the English language. Not only is his verse per-
fect, but there runs through the whole of his poems an en-
thusiastic glow and a tenderness of sentiment rarely united.
He was twice married: fust to Miss llosea, and afterwards
to Mary I.., sister' of Ganz. Anderson, General Robcit

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

Anderson ami Governor Charles Anderson, all children
of Major C. Anderson, ol the revolutionary army. Two
daughters survived the lirst marriage, Mis. Charles E.
I note and Mrs. William J. Whiteman. By his second wife
lie was the father of William A., J. Harrison (a graduate
of West Point), Mrs. Thomas 11. Wiight and Kate I,.
Hall, lie died at Loveland, near Cincinnati, July 4th,
tSGS.

AYI.OR, SAMUEL CHARLES, E>. D. S„ Dentist,
was horn, July 30th, 1835, in Dauphin county,
Pennsylvania, of American parentage and of
English and Hollander descent. He was edu-
cated in the Halifax High School, iti his native
county, and studied dentistry with Dr. II. II.
Martin, in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, where he
remained for two years. He then attended the regular
courses of lectures in the Ohio Dental College, Cincinnati,
from which he graduated in 1S56. He commenced the
practice ol dentistry in Perry county, Pennsylvania, where
he resided until 1S59, and thence removed to Monroe,
Michigan, where he abode for seven years. In October,
1S66, he changed his resilience to Toledo, where he has
ever since been engaged in an extensive and remunerative
practice, enjoying the heaviest patronage of any of his as-
sociates in that city, lie attributes his success to his thor-
ough knowledge of operative dentistry, lie is a member
of the State Dental and American Dental Associations, and
also of other similar organizations. He is warmly attached
to the Masonic order, being a member of Toledo Lodge,
No. 144, Fort Meigs Chapter, No. 29, and Council No. 33.
lie was married, December 2d, 1862, to Angeline Manning.

Qj9>

I

OWEN, GENERAL BENJAMIN R., Soldier and
Banker, was born August 15th, 1S31, and is a
son of the late lion. Benjamin S. Cowon (whose
biographical sketch will be found in this volume,
as also that ol his brother, 1). 1). T. Cowcn).
lie received an English and classical education
at “ Brook’s Institute” and another school of similar char-
acter in St. Clairs v i 1 1 e, whither his father had removed in
1832; and this was supplemented by a practical printer's
education in the office of the Belmont Chronicle, of which
journal he became editor and sole propiielor when twenty-
one years of age. lie also studied medicine, but never prac-
tised that profession. He disposed of the paper in 1857
and removed to B dlaire, where he was engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits until i860, meanwhile having served as
Clerk of the House of Representatives and Secretary of
Stale of Ohio. At the outbreak of the civil war be enlisted
as a private soldier in the 15th Ohio. After serving in

661

various important offices lie was appointed Adjutant-Gen-
eral of Ohio, in which position he had charge of organ-
izing, equipping and forwarding to the held the troops
known as the “Ohio National Guards;” and it was for
“ meritorious services ” in this connection that he received
the successive appointments of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel,
Brevet Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, to date from
the 15th of March, 1S65. Immediately after the close of
the war he returned to Bellaire, where he resumed his mer-
cantile business; and thence, shortly afterwards, removed
to Cincinnati to embark in the grain trade. While a resi-
dent of the latter city be was appointed Supervisor of In-
ternal Revenue for the Southern District of Ohio. In -1S73
he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Department of
the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia, which po-
sition he honorably filled, and resigned, without the least
stigma or suspicion resting upon his good name, so common
in these scandal -mongering days. He is now a resident of
Bellaire, where he is engaged in the banking business. He
was married in September, 1S54, to Ellen Thoburn, of Bel-
mont county, Ohio.

(3.93

>TnTE0MAN’ C0L0NEL SAMUEL NYE, Soldier
f J || alK' Merchant, was born, October 14th, 182S, in
5 I I Wayne township, Eayctte county, Ohio, and is a
"iTS I son of Samuel E. and Asenelh (Nye) Yeoman.

1 1 is father was of English descent, a native of

C?'~'

Onondaga county, New York, where also his
mother was born, she being of French and Irish lineage.
1 1 is father was a merchant, who removed to Ohio in 1814,
at first locating in Knox county, and finally settling in Fay-
ette county, where he resided, with the exception of two
years passed in Clarke and Warren counties, until his
death, in 1858. lie was a soldier in the war of 1S12, a
son of James Yeoman, a revolutionary soldier. He repre-
sented Eavette county in the Legislature for one term, and
was a Justice of the Peace for many years. Samuel was
educated in the common schools. When twelve years old
he went into his father's store in Washington, Fayette
county, where he continued eight years. 1 11 February,
1849, he went to California, overland, and passed two years
in the mines, in 1851 he returned to Washington, pur-
chased his father’s interests in his store, and continued the
business until the autumn of 1853, when he relinquished it
to become a dealer in lands, which latter avocation he pur-
sued until 1858, when he again became a dry-goods mer-
chant in Washington, and Inis since resided in that town,
where he has prospered wonderfully, being the proprietor
of one of the largest dry-goods houses in southern Ohio.
During the early months of the civil war he was Chairman
of the Military Committee of Fayette County. lie was
commissioned Major of the 90th Ohio Volunteers, June
14th, 1862, and recruited four hundred men for that com-

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66 2

lilOORAPllICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

in.uul in Fayette county. lie accompanied the regiment to
the held in August of th.it year, and during their service of
three years participated with them in the great haltles of
Perry ville, Stone River, Chattanooga (siege and battle),
Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Jonesboro’, Pulaski, Spring Hill,
l’ranklin and Nashville, besides other lesser engagements
and skirmishes. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel
in 1S63; to Colonel in the fall of the same year, and was
lnevetted, December 15th, 1S64, for gallant and meritorious
conduct at the battle of Nashville, under the eye of General
George II. Thomas. He was honorably discharged from
the service in June, 1865, being mustered out with his regi-
ment at Camp Dennison, and soon thereafter returned to
Washington, where he resumed his mercantile pursuits,
which had suffered neglect during his absence. In October,
1S6S, he was elected to the Ohio Senate, where he served
two years. In 1S73 he was again elected to the upper
House of the Legislature, and served other two years. In
the fall of 1S74 he organized the Dayton A S mtheastern
Railroad Company, and also the Springfield, Jackson &
l’omeroy Railroad Company, and has been President of the
former since its organization. He is a Republican in politi-
cal principle, and a baptist in religious belief. He was
married in 1852 to Susan M., daughter of Colonel John
Comiey, of Perry county, Ohio

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TV FATTY, G FORCE STEWARD, D. D.S., Den-
'/ list, was born, September 30th, 1813, in I'enlield,
Monroe county, and is a son of the late benjamin
and Amy beatty, both Americans and of Irish
and Hollander descent. He was educated at
Penfield and Victor, New York. When he was
about thirteen years old his father died, and, his mother
marrying again, he went to live with an aunt, with whom
he remained until he was twenty-two years old. One year
afterwards he was appointed Constable and Deputy Sheriff
of ( ’ll. iulau.pl. 1 county, New York, w hic h positions he held
for two years. In 1S3S he removed to bulf.do, where he
was engaged in the grocery business for two years, and in
1S40 he went to Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he com-
menced reading medicine, meanwhile studying dentistry.
In I S42 he commenced practising the latter profession in
Meadville, where he continued for two years thereafter,
and then removed to Canton, Stark county, Ohio, where he
continued his professional duties for some time. After visit-
ing other towns lie finally settled in Toledo, in 1S65, w here
lie has since resided, and w here he lakes rank as a leading
dentist. He attributes his success to his close application
to business and his skill in mechanical and operative den-
tistry. He is a member of the Masonic order in good
standing, being connected .with a lodge in Canton. His
political sentiments were originally those of the Whig

party; but since the demise of that organization he is at-
tached to Republican principles. He w as married, 1835,
to ( harlotle Whitney, of New York Stale.

ILLIAMS, PETER THOMAS, Directory Pub-
lisher, was born, May 2d, 1S12, in Delhi town-
ship, Hamilton county, Ohio. This township
adjoins the city of Cincinnati. 11 is remote an-
cestors were Welsh people of respectability.
Their descendants settled in Virginia, and were
the owners of ' plantations there. During the colonial
troubles, which ended with the Revolution, they w ere lute
patriots, and warmly espoused the cause of democratic gov-
ernment. The great-grandparents of the subject of this
sketch were cruelly massacred by savages during the old
French and Indian wars, their houses and barns burned,
and their eldest son, after a prolonged resistance, wounded
and carried into captivity, bishop Aslmry, in his “Journal,”
gives a lengthy account of the captivity of Richard W il-
liams, and in the recital speaks of the “ wonderful deliver-
ances ” and “ extraordinary combinations of providences”
by w Inch the prisoner, after being condemned to death, even-
tually escaped and was restored to his family. The bishop
afterwards visited Richard W illiams at his home, and in his
quaint style says he was “a faithful man — his wife a pious
woman, and they had meeting at the house.” The W il-
liamses were among the oldest Methodist families in Vir-
ginia, and their house was not only a place where “ meet-
ings” were held, but was also a resting-place and home for
the pioneer Methodist preacher. Peter Williams, father of
Peter T., was the second son of'Richard. He intermarried
w ith Ann Dugan, daughter of Thomas Dugan, who bore
him six sons and one daughter. She was an affectionate
wife, a kind mother, and was unobtrusively charitable and
religious. Soon after their marriage the family removed to
Ohio. The husband, being a second son, fell heir to but
little of bis father's estate, the law of inheritance then in
vogue in Virginia giving all the real estate to the eldest
male issue. He started in life as a practical surveyor, and
afterwards became a mail contractor. He was subsequently
induced by the government to go to the then “ far West,”
fin the purpose of establishing mail routes and post-offices
in the new country being opened up for settlement. lie
arrived in Ohio in 1807, and immediately entered upon his
duties. For more than twenty years he served the govern-
ment in bis new field of labor, and was faithful and ener-
getic in the discharge of his important duties. His income
was considerable, and his savings were invested in real
estate. In a few years he became one of the largest land-
holders in southern Ohio, lie died in the sixty seventh
year of his age, but lived to see bis landed estates become
very valuable. II is son, Peter I'., has recently disposed
of a part of the lands descending to him, to a building

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/ED1A.

association, on which the beautiful suburban village of
Mount 1 ’utcr is now being built. Ills house, like that of
his father, was long the place at which Methodist meeting
was held, and so continued to he until he built a church in
] i is neighborhood and donated it to trustees ot the Methodist
Episcopal Church for the use of his fellow- worshippers. Of
his children only three now' survive, viz. : Squire James 1“.,
Captain William 1.. and Peter T. The two former are
owners of large farms cut out of the old Williams estate,
and are highly respected citizens of the community in which
they reside. Peter T. was the fifth son. lie was given
such education us the schools of the neighborhood afforded,
lie afterwards attended Talbott’s Academy, in Cincinnati;
and from his attendance here, and the instruction he received
in a class taught by Professor O. M. Mitchel (afterwards a
distinguished General in the late war), he acquired a reason-
ably good education. From his sixteenth to his twentieth
year he was in the office of Looker & Reynolds, publishers
of the A'a/ioual Republican, the leading Democratic journal
of Cincinnati. While here he learned much of the art and
mystery of printing. About this time his health faded, and
he returned to his father’s house. During the time he was
an invalid he commenced the study of the law. Having first
read “ lilackstone’s Commentaries ” and other text-books,
he entered the Cincinnati Law College as a student, passed
through its full course of instruction, and was regularly
graduated by that institution, lie w'.as married in 1844
to Kate E. Vincent, only daughter of Bartlet C. Vincent,
of Hamilton county. They were blessed with eight chil-
dren, six of whom, four sons and two daughters, are
living. The mother died in the fall of 1875, deeply
lamented by her husband and children, and the large
circle of friends to whom her many virtues and true and
generous nature had endeared her. In i860 he began his
present business of “ Directory” publisher. Owing to busi-
ness arrangements existing between himself and the then
publisher of the “Cincinnati Directory,” it became his in-
terest to purchase the establishment. Since then he has
been the sole proprietor, and, under the style of Williams V
Co., the annual publisher of the “Cincinnati Directory.”
He entered upon his new work with great energy, and with
a determination to make improvements, and more especially
to perfect a system for canvassing large cities and for testing
the completeness and accuracy of the information obtained
by canvassers. This he perseveringly labored at until a
system was developed by which the important object sought
has been attained as fully as it is possible in an undertaking
of the kind, 'flic business public has not been slow to recog-
nize this enterprise, and each succeeding edition has been
rewarded with increased circulation and patronage from the
merchants and business men of the city, 'flic routine of the
office goes on with clock like regularity ; the long experience
of the proprietor in the business and the fixed rules of the
office, so rigidly and persistently enforced, has given the
house a high reputation and made its publications standard

663

ol their class. The large foreign element in the population
of Cincinnati presents a formidable obstruction to strict ac-
curacy in the orthography of names. This, however, is over-
come by the publisher by employing intelligent men of
dillerenl nationalities as canvassers. The “ Directory" of
the previous year is never used as a guide for the preparation
of a succeeding volume, each square of the entire city being
required by the publisher to be thoroughly canvassed an-
nually to obtain the information contained in the new issue.
Many of the features of the “ Cincinnati Directory ” are en-
tirely original with the proprietor, and are the causes of the
great popularity of the work. To collect annually the in-
formation and perfect and prepare the copy of the “ Cincin-
nati Directory ” for the press is an undertaking which
requires the expenditure of a great amount of labor and
capital. During the time of the annual canvass a force of
from forty to fifty canvassers and compilers are constantly
employed. The following is a partial list of the directories
published by Williams & Co. : “ Cincinnati Directory,” 1200
to 1500 pages, published annually ; the “ Ohio State Direc-
tory,” quarto, bi-annually, a most complete and systematic
work; Columbus, Dayton, Hamilton, Chillicolhc, Ports,
mouth, Xenia, in Ohio (at intervals) ; Covington, Newport,
Lexington, in Kentucky (at intervals); Richmond, Port
Wayne, Evansville, in Indiana (at intervals) ; Wheeling, West
Virginia, and many other towns of more or less importance.
The publisher has employed hundreds of men, and done
business with many thousands, and yet, dining all his
varied experience with the world, lie has never entered suit
against a delinquent, neither has lie ever been sued for a
debt. Nor has he ever failed to meet an obligation to an
employe, or suffered his note to go to protest. This has
been the result of a strict method in business, albeit nursed
by an abhorrence of litigation. He has ever been temperate
in his habits, and as a publisher most energetic and perse-
vering in the discharge of duties of a most difficult and per-
plexing character.

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'f^yRVON, 1IOSMER GRAHAM, Agriculturist, I’o-
mologist, and Fish Cultivator, was born, October
27th, 1825, in Vernon township, Oneida county,
New York, and is the second son of Jesse and
Eunice (Graham) Tryon. His grandfather,
Thomas Tryon, was a native of Middletown, Con-
necticut, a soldier of the revolutionary war, and a prisoner
of war to the British, w ho placed him in confinement in
the noted “Sugar House” in New York city, and in the
prison ships in the bay, where for three years he endured
the terrible hardships and privations, w hile hundreds of his
companions perished around him. About 1790 he removed
with his family to the wilderness of Oneida county, New
York, where he died in 1837, aged eighty-three years. In-
vestigation shows that from his ancestry have sprung the
entire stock bearing his name in the United Slates, llos

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664

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA.

incr was brought up to labor on I lie farm, ami bad but few
opportunities for acquiring an education, Ins father being
practically opposed to it ; he however attended lor a brief
season the winter school, and lie thirsted lor knowledge.
Determined to gain a proper education, lie finally, surrepti-
tiously, left home, and sought the counsel ol Rev. <J. S.
l’ercival, then one of the professors ol the Clinton Riberal
Institute, who advised him, that if he was determined to
leave his father, he would render him what assistance he
could in the way of acquiring an education. On his return
home, his father questioned him as to his absence, and
finding his son was determined to obtain his wishes, was
obliged to allow him to depart, which he did forthwith,
lie soon obtained work, whereby he accumulated enough
money to carry him through the institute during the winter
session, and to board himself. Before entering the school,
however, a reconciliation was effected between his parent
and himself, the former offering to compromise the matter,
but the son refused. For the three following years lie led
a varied life, alternately laboring and studying, and then
teaching, lie was induced by a companion to invest bis
earnings in statistical maps and cliaits, and unite with him
in a peddling tour to the South. This project was carried
out in a light wagon drawn by one horse, in which they
traversed southern Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois.
At the return of spring they turned to the eastward, and
after a brief stay in Ohio, visited Pittsburgh, Harrisburg,
lidtiniore, and other places of interest, and thence returned
to Olean, New York, after being absent nine months. lie
then accepted his father’s offer of sixteen dollars wages per
month, for three months’ labor on the farm, and when this
contract was fulfilled he determined to purchase a farm
owned by his father in Kirtland township, Lake county,
Ohio, and the latter having accepted his proposition he re-
moved thither, in November, 1 847 . By his energy, per-
severance, and industry, he has evolved from the wilder-
ness a fine farm, a portion of which is devoted to the
cultivation of choice fruits. lie has also paid considerable
attention to fish culture, and has demonstrated the fact that
the brook trout may be successfully grown in the spring
waters ol Ohio, lie is no politician in the common accept-
ation of the term, but he is an ardent Republican, and has
been identified with the Free-Soil party since its inception,
lie has been elected to various positions in the township,
and is now President of the Board of Education of Wil-
loughby, and a Trustee of Willoughby College. In 1873
he ran as an independent candidate for the Legislature, and
was elected ; notwithstanding there were four other candi-
dates for the position, he received within twenty-four of
half the entire number of votes cast. In 1875 he was
nominated by the Republicans for the same position, and
elected. During the civil war, though unable to enlist in
the service, he took an active part in sustaining the Union
cause, and became a Captain of “ home guards.” On (he
reorganization of the militia in 1863, he was commissioned

by Governor Tod, First Lieutenant of a company, and was
afterward appointed Adjutant ol the regiment by Colonel
llouliston. lie is an earnest Irieud to the tree-school sys-
tem, and a believer in compulsory education, lie is like-
wise in favor ol protection to American manufactures, the
temperance movement, civil rights, including the extension
of the right of suffrage to women ; and that capital punish-
ment should be abolished, lie was married, September
5th, 1850, to Irene B., daughter of Horace Dexter, of
Slockbridge, Madison county, New York, and is the father
of six children, five ol whom are now living.

cA

OBINST1N, ISAAC II., M. D., was born in Osna-

(9

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V

burgh, Stark county, Ohio, June 28th, 1838. 1 1 is
parents came from Pennsylvania. He attended
school at Louisville, Ohio, and subsequently, in
185S, went to Tiffin, and made theology his
study. Becoming discouraged in this pursuit,
he turned his attention to medicine under the direction of
Professor J. D. Wilson, in the old Allopathic School at
Cleveland. After receiving his diploma, he commenced
practice, in which he is still engaged in Cleveland with

marked success. He has travelled over the greater part of
twenty-three States, and in doing so has. spent a fortune,
trying to find new fields of labor. In 1861 he entered the
United States service under Colonel Piatt, of Cincinnati,
for three months, and thereafter for three years under Col-
onel Samuel Beatty, of Canton, Ohio, and continued in the
army altogether for four years, serving faithfully as Assistant
Surgeon, anti receiving honorable discharge. At the time
of entering the army he was a IXmocrat, but he became a
sound Republican in 1863. He is a member of the Order
of Odd Fellows; also of the Grand Army of the Republic.
In 1S64 he w'as married to Jennie Anderson, daughter of
Dr. Anderson, of Lima, Allen county, Ohio.

2 QV WAN, HON. JOSEPH R., Lawyer and Judge,
was born at Wester aiville, Oneida county, New
CuiP/l) York, December 281I1, 1S02. lie is of Scotch-
Irisli ancestry (from Londonderry), the son of
Jonathan and Sarah (Rockwell) Swan. His
father was a native of Peterborough, New York,
and his mother of Groton, Connecticut. He received an
academic education at Aurora, New York, and commenced
there the study of law, which he completed at Columbus,
Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar in 1824. He at
once entered upon the practice of his profession, beginning
a career w hich has placed him among Ohio’s most honored
citizens. He was elected Judge of the Supreme Court in
1854. In 18517 there was a strong pressure brought to bear
upon the Judges of the Supreme Court by S. I’. Chase, then

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lilt iGkAI’UK'AI, FNGYCLOIbFDIA.

665

Governor of Ohio, and his ardent followers, to obtain a
final judgment of the court that the fugitive slave laws were
mu oust il ul ional and void in Ohio, and the enforcement of
them might and should be icsi.led by the Slate. I he
nmil cnncislcd of live judges, two of whom were in lavin'
and three opposed to declarin'' the law unconstitutional and
void. If there had been a majority of the bench in favor
of this same nullification, no doubt the subsequent history
of Ohio and Governor Chase woukl have assumed quite a
different aspect in the future, and there might have been an
abolition rebellion in the State. The closing remarks of
Judge Swan (then Chief Justice), in delivering the opinion
of the court sustaining the fugitive slave laws (9 Ohio State
Reports), indicates how his personal feelings warred wdth
his duties as a judge: “As a citizen I would not deliber-
ately violate the constitution or the law by interference with
fugitives from service. Hut if a weary, frightened slave
should appeal to me to protect him from his pursuers, it is
possible I might momentarily forget my allegiance to the
law and constitution, and give him a covert from those who
were upon his track. There are no doubt many slave-
holders who would thus follow the impulses of human
sympathy; and if I did it, and were prosecuted, condemned,
and imprisoned, and brought by my counsel before this
tribunal on a habeas corpus, and were there permitted to
pronounce judgment in my own case, 1 trust I should have
the moral courage to say, before God and the country, as I
am now compelled to say, under the solemn duties of a
judge, bound by my official oath to sustain the supremacy
of the constitution and the law, Title prisonkr must hr
KKMANUKI).” In this decision the distinctive characteristic
of the man is clearly marked — his great conscientiousness.
Neither personal interest nor sympathy could in any manner
influence his judgment of right or law. The decision
caused his defeat lor the renomination to the Supreme
Gourt by the political convention which assembled in Col-
umbus the day after it was delivered; but the party passion
and prejudice of the hour passed away, and the judgment
of the bar of Ohio sustained his interpretation of the law.
In 1862 Governor Rrough appointed him to the vacancy on
the Supreme liench occasioned by the death of (uib'e Ghol-
son, but he declined the appointment. The same position
was tendered to him since the war, but be could not be
prevailed upon to accept, lie was married in June, 1S55,
to Hannah Ann Andrews, of Rochester, New York, daugh-
ter of Samuel J. Andrews, one of the early residents of that
city from Derby, Connecticut. Mrs. Swan died March
8lh, lh7<). She left lliree sons — two, 1 1 rank and Andrew,
residing at Joliet, Illinois, manufacturers; Joseph R., re-
siding at Utica, New York, attorney; Maryetle, married
to A. C. Neave, residing at Clifton, Ohio; and Ann F.,
married to Major R. S. Smith, residing at Columbus, Ohio.
In 1859 Judge Swan resumed the practice of the law, and
soon after became connected with the Columbus cY Xenia
Railroad, and afterwards as the General Solicitor of the

Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. I.ouis Railway Company, in
which capacity he is still engaged. In 1 835-36 “ Swan’s
Treatise” was published, which has since passed through
nine editions, the tenth edition in 1875; 1833, “Guide for
T’.xeetilors and Administrators;” 1841, “Swan’s Revised
Statutes;” 1854, a revised edition of the statutes; i860, a
revised edition of the statutes, to which L. J. Critehfiekl
annexed notes of the decisions of the Supreme Court; in
1868 a supplement to the edition of 1S60 was compiled and
published, with notes of decisions of the Supreme Court, by
Milton Sayler; 1851, “ Swan’s Pleading and Practice,” two
volumes ; 1862-63, “ Swan’s Pleading and Precedents under
the Code.” The elementary law books of Judge Swan are
remarkable for the concise and clear language in which the
propositions of law are staled. They have been accepted
by the bar of Ohio as the best authority upon the subjects
of which they treat. “Swan’s Treatise” has become the
indispensable companion of every justice of the peace in the
State. The lawyer who cannot base his arguments upon
1 the authority of “Swan’s Justices” (as the book is famil
j iarly called) does not stand much chance of success in a
justice’s court in Ohio. As a jurist Judge Swan stands at
the head of his profession. None of the decisions of the
Supreme Court of Ohio, rendered by him while Chief-
Justice, have ever been overruled. He has never been a
politician. His idea, often expressed to his friends, has
always been that “office should seek the man, and not man
the office.” lie is very reticent of manner and of a retiring
disposition. These qualities have prevented him from
forming many intimate friends outside of his own family ;
but his well-known integrity, and his scrupulous and con-
scientious regard for truth and honesty, have caused him to
be highly esteemed, notAmly by the people of Columbus,
where he resides, but he is greatly honored throughout the
State, where his- books have made his- name so well known.

j ?) L’LI.IVANT, WILLIAM STARLING, A. R.,
i ? M. A., LL. I)., eldest son of Lucas and Sarah
vTjrjl) (Starling) Sullivant, the leading pioneer in that
0 territory which afterward became Franklin county,
Ohio, was born, January 15th, 1803, in Franklin-
ton, a little village literally in the midst of a
wilderness, when the present site of Columbus was covered
with the primitive forest. Frontier life and its sports de-
veloped in him remarkable muscular strength and activity,
a line personal appearance, and graceful carriage. He ac-
companied his father on some of his shorter surveying ex-
peditions, taking thereon the lessons which tended to make
him an expert, rapid and accurate surveyor, when called
upon, after a college career, to attend lo the large landed
estate of the family. When old enough he was sent to a
celebrated private school In Jessamine county, Kentucky.
On the opening of the Ohio University, he became a student

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066

RIOGRAl’llICAL ENCYCLOl’. I'll > 1 • V .

under I.indley ami Dana, whence lie went to Yale College,
from which he graduated in 1S23. llis lather’s death then
called him home, and family allairs took him from studying
a profession, as designed hy his father. Desiring active
employment, he engaged in the surveys of the Ohio ( 'anal
and manifested an aptitude and capacity that would have
won him high position as a civil engineer. Returning home,
he took charge of the mills belonging to the estate, which,
after mastering the principles involved in. water-wheels,
mill-gearing, etc., he remodelled after plans of his own.
Thenceforward he was actively engaged in business affairs,
and became a member of the Ohio Stage Company, whose
operations covered a wide field, and prior to railroads, af-
forded travellers the best accommodations and facilities. lie
was one of the original stockholders and directors of the
Clinton Rank, and for some time its President. Moving to
the country, he occupied, improved and adorned the present
site of the Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum. There he availed
himself of unusual facilities for studying natural history.
After devoting some time to ornithology he finally settled on
botany, influenced in part by his brother, Joseph Sullivant,
who had already made some progress in the science, and
who found his richest fields near the mansion house 011
Sullivanfs Hill. For several years this study engrossed his
leisure; the first result was a well-elaborated catalogue of
the plants of Franklin county. Having thoroughly exam-
ined the phenogamous flora of Central Ohio, he began
studying cryptogamic botany, or rather the muscological
part, wherein he found a rich field, made many new dis-
coveries, and established a world-wide reputation as the re-
sult of years of ipiiet but earnest labor, llis published
works are an honor to American science, and a monument
to his erudition. Resides many papers in journals of
science and art, he published “A Catalogue of the Plants of
Franklin County ; ” “ Musci Alleghanienses ; ” “Contribu-
tions to the bryology and 1 lepaticology of North America;”
“Mosses and Hcpalieze of the United States, east of the
Mississippi River;” “ Mosses and 1 1 epaticre Collected dur-
ing Whipple’s United States Government Survey ; ” “ Mosses
brought Home by Wilkes’ United Stales Fxploring Expedi-
tion; ” “Mosses and llepaticiu Collected in the United
Stales Union Pacific Exploring Expedition,” and “ leones
Museorum.” A second volume of the last-named work, left
incomplete by his death, is to be completed by his friend
and for many years co-worker, Mr. 1 .esipiereux. All these
works were finely illustrated, some by himself. He was
one of 1 he original trustees, under the will of the founder,
ol Starling Medical College, and always held the Presidency
of the organization. As a member of the American National
Academy ol Science, and also of some of the oldest and
most learned scientific societies of Europe, his labors are
belter known and appreciated abroad than at his home,
where lie has lived a (|uiet and unostentatious lile. His
wmks are of standard author it y and highest reputation in
Emope and the United Stales, lie was thrice iii.uiied - to

fane, daughter of Alexander K. Marshall, of Kentucky;
Eliza G. Wheeler, of New York city, and Caroline E.
Sutton.

Y ENYON, HENRY, Dentist, was born, March 1 7 lit ,
1S27, in Harrison county, Ohio, lie was the
youngest of nine children, seven sons and two
daughters. He comes of old English stock. 1 1 is
parents, William Kenyon and Marjory Vondy,
w were natives of the Isle of Man. One of his
grandmothers was in the first Methodist class formed on the
Isle of Man, and listened to the first Methodist minister who
preached there. He was educated in the common schools.
At home he was taught the useful lessons of piety and in-
dustry, beside much that he craved but could not find in the
schools of that day. Leaving school he taught with marked
success for a number of years. In 1 S54, following in his
father’s footprints, he became a minister of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, remaining in active service as a member
of the North Ohio Conference until failing health made
some cessation of labor necessary, lie was accordingly
located in the fall of 1857, continuing his ministerial stand-
ing in the church, but not a member of the Conference.
For the next two years he travelled in the West, without
giving his attention to any special business. In i860 he re-
turned to Ohio and began the study of dentistry with Dr.
Shaw, at Fremont. Having completed his studies, he lo-
cated at Maumee, practising his profession there with great
success until he determined, in September of 1S75, *° move
to Toledo. Here a wider and better field was open to him,
and he was not slow to improve his opportunities. An affa-
ble manner, professional learning, and a skilled hand soon
secured for him a practice which grows with the years.
Dr. Kenyon has made a specialty of operative dentistry, in
which branch he has been peculiarly successful. He was
made a Master Mason in the fall of 1S54 by Richland
Lodge, No. 201, where he retained his membership until he
located in Maumee City, where he united with Northern
Lights Lodge, No. 40. lie was married, July 171I1, 1S54,
to Catharine A. 1 Letts, of Sandusky county, Ohio.

OSTER, CHARLES W., was born in Brookfield,
Worcester county, Massachusetts, November 21st,
1800. His father, William Foster, was also a na-
tive of Massachusetts ; his grandfather held a
colonel's commission in the revolutionary ai my,
and was at Saratoga when Rurgoync surrcndeicd.
William Foster was a farmer and stock dealer, and when
Chillies was eighteen emigrated to New York, and settled
In Genesee county, near Rochester, w here he died in 1829.
Charles received a c ommon school education, and for some
years alter his majority was engaged in boating on the Erie

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UlOGRAl'IIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA.

667

Canal. On Jnne 7th, 1827, he married Louisa Crocker,
daughter of John Crocker, of Cambridge, New York, and
the same year moved with his father-in-law to Seneca county,
Ohio, settling first in London township. They were among
the first settlers in that region, and had the usual experience
of pioneers. In 1832 they entered some 2000 acres of
land in an adjoining township and laid out the town of
Rome, and soon after opened a store. In 1852 the town
was consolidated with Rtsdon, adjoining, under the name
of Fostoria. They located there with their families, built a
sawmill in 1834, and a grist mill in 1836, making that point
a centre, and soon drawing a large trade from adjoining set-
tlements. The business house then established with a capi-
tal of $2000 has continued with Mr. Foster as its head, and
now has a capital of $75,001, while its transactions in mer-
chandise, grain, pork, etc., amount to more than $1,000,000
annually. This remarkable success has been attained by
strict adherence to the principles of honorable dealing; in
all this long period he has never been a party in a contested
lawsuit. In 1846 his oldest son, Charles Foster, was taken
into the concern, and in 1S54 the commodious business
block, which they now occupy, was built on the original site
of the first store. In 1S64 a banking business was started
in connection with the store by Foster & Co., and is still in

, successful operation under the efficient management of J. F.
Wilkison, cashier. To Charles W. Foster and his son,
lion. Charles Foster, their enterprise, foresight, and gen-
erous aid to all progressive movements, is the recently iso-
lated inland town of Fostoria indebted for its present position
and its promise of continual growth. Few would have per-
severed undauntedly for forty years in a struggle that
many would have regarded as hopeless. Indeed, there are
few instances of success in Ohio as marked as that of Mr.
Foster. With the exception of R. W. Shawhan, of Tiffin,
there is not one of his contemporaries who in 1832 was en-
gaged in merchandising and is still pursuing the business,
j Notwithstanding his very active life, he still enjoys vigorous
health, and retains to a remarkable degree that cheerfulness
and joviality for which he has always been noted, lie has
had six children, only one of whom is now living — lion.
Charles Foster. This son was born near Fostoria, April
1 2th, 1828. lie was educated at the common schools and
the academy at Norwalk, Ohio ; joined his father in mer-
cantile and banking business, as above related. lie never
held any public office until elected to the Forty-second
Congress. Ilis services in that body deservedly secured him
re election to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth. lie is a
‘ Republican.

>

.

I N I) K X.

At hey, John H

4*

Ackley, Horace A ...... .

.... 375

A.lae, Carl K

... 503

Adams, John

Aiken, Sumu> I l . .......

281

Alexander, W. H .

... 290

Allbritain, R. B

... 6J2

Allen, Charles W

Allen, H R

■ • * 6.^

Allen, John W

. . . *89

Allen, Marston

.. . 37

Allen, William

Allen, W H

Allison, Rii hard

... 519

Anderson, Idwin.

Anderson, T. 11

. . 226

Andre, 1 It my G ....

Andrews, A. , ) r

• • • 293

Andrews, George W

... 59

Andrews, Borin. .

. . . 424

Andrews, S. J

• • • 345

Andrews, W. H

... 174

Anthony, Charles ........

... 42

Anthony, John

... 105

Ap- Jones, Budlow

Applegate, John W

. . . 472

Armstrong, B 1 1

• • • 5-3

Armstrong, Frank A . .

... so

Armstrong, J.uues M

Arrowsmith, Miller

Arter, David A

... 150

Ashburn, l b un.ts Q . . .

... 207

Ashley, Janies M

... 445

Aultmau, C

Axtell, .M W

Babbitt, ll.S

... 308

Baber, Llewellyn

Backus, F. 1 . •

... 310

Bacon, H . M

... 363

Bacon, N . B .

Bailey, Ezra

• 457

Baker, William

Baldwin, Dwight 11

Baldwin, S. W

Ball, Flamcn

... 99

Ball, FI. mien, Jr

... 215

Ballard, John

• • ■ • 359

Ballenberg, Louis

Banks, J

37*

Barclay, Joseph

Barker, Benajah

.... 515

Barnett, James

.. . 5-8

Barrel e, Benjamin .

344

Barrcre, John M

372

Barrere, Nelson

482

Barrett, Isaac M

... 122

Barrows, E. 1'

... 178

Bartholow, R

187

Bassett, Edward P

. . . 622

Bayless, F. 1)

. . . . 264

•Beach, Allen J

— 465

Beatty, G S

. . . . 662

Beatty, John

. .. . 641

Bcchmann, Charles V. . . .

572

Beck, John C

.. .. 518

Beck, William

I29

Beckett, David

... I07

Beckett, William

Beckwith, S. R

50

Beecher, B. S.

• 475

Bell, John E

Bell, William, Jr

Bcnckenstciu, Julius..

Bennett, J . H

Bergen, S II

Be vis, James A

Berry, A

Bevis, Henry

Biddle, W. B

Bigelow, Asa

Bigelow, Jabez Li

Bigelow, Borin

Billings, John K.

Bingham, E. E

Birchard, Mathew....

Birchard, Sardis

Bishop, B W

Bishop, Richard M . . .

Bishop, W. T

Blackburn, J . M

Blackman, LB C

Blandy, F. J. I

lilandy, Henry

Blennerhassett, li

Blockson , A. 1*

Bloss , George M . D. . .
Bodni'aim, Charles .. .

Bodmann, F

Bold, Henry

Bonner, S..

Bo >s, Mathias. . ......

Bowen, W. M

Bowers, Lucius A .... .

Bowesmiih . J . G

B nvyer, W. A

Boyce, George W

B jyuton, W. W

Bradbury, Joseph

Bradford, T. C

Bradstreet, E. P

Brailcy, Moses R

Bramble, David D . . . .

Brand, Michael

Brasher, B. L

Brayton, Robert

Breed, W. j

Brinkerholf, Jacob...

Brough, John

Brown, A. G

Brown, Benjamin

Brown, H W..

Brown, James F

1 Jrown , Joshua K . . . .

Brown, B S

Brown, William F . . . .

Brown, William B

Brown, William P. . . .

Brnhl, Gustavus

Buchanan, Robert....

Buchwalier, M. L

Buckland, R. P

Bundy, William

P»urdsal,J. S

Burgert, Adam

Burgoyue, John

Burkhaher, Sol

1 hirkh.mil, A. 1C

Burnet, Jacob

Burns, Andrew

Burns, Barnabas

Burr, Raymond

Burl, Andrew G

1 6 1

97

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500

108

535

1 7 1
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613

251
459
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592
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601

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536
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420

599

148

551

Burton. S. H ........

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Bushnell , L

ISuiler, (J. W

Buiz, Lawrence, Jr

. . . . 96

Caldwell, J. D

. ... 130

Caldwell, W. 11

. ... 647

Camnitz. J. W

Campbell, John

• • •• 377

Campbell, 1 lionias

. . . . 562

Campbell, Thomas C

Caplcs, Robert C

1 appellar, William S

Card, W W

.... 358

Carson, Enoch T

Cary, Samuel F

.... 585

C ase, Leonard

530

Case, Oakley

.... 78

Casey, James B

Ca>iR, M. S

• . . . 30

Cli alien, James R

197

Chambers, R. L

5*4

Chase, Harry

33°

Lliuse, Philander

. . . 229

C base, Salmon P

5

Cliatlluld, W. 11

.... 38

Chidlaw, Benjamin W....

. . . 4.(8

C hipley , William S

465

Chisholm, i 1 enry

. .. 566

Clark, K. W., |r

. ... 225

( lemons, P H

Clciidenin, William

Coale, S. C 433

Coates, Benjamin F 606.

Cochran, William R 546 7

Cogswell, B. S 61

Colby, Jonas 326

Coldham, James 306

Coleman, David 192

Collier, (). S 632

Collier, T. W 551

Collin, Adam G 79

Collins, Charles H .. 1 235

Collins, Gilbert G 572

Collins, James H 381

Collins, John 484

Collins, K 324

Collins, W. A 262

Coudey, James M *... 438

Comstock , Theodore. 51

Conant, George. . 183

Conklin, Samuel A 150

Conkling, W M 463

Conner, P. S 553

Cooke, Fleutheros 459

Cooper, Spencer 465

Cooper, William C 495

Cornell, Joseph 91

Corry, William 102

Corry, William M 610

Corwin, Thomas 32

Coryell, James L 343

Colton, John 75

Cotton, Josiah D 86

Cowen, B. 1< 661

Cowen, B. S 643

Lowen, Daniel D. T 110

Cowles, Henry 168

Cox, David C 371

Cox, Jacob D 374

Cozaud, Frank M 640

Craig, James W 600

Crane, Charles A

Crane, Joseph G

Crane, Joseph 11

Crees, David

Crook, George

Crosby, George

C rosse , A . A

Cummings, Samuel...

Cunningham, F

Cunningham, J . S

Curtis, Alvah

Curtis, Henry B

Custer, George A

Dale, Benjamin T

Dalzell, James M

Danford, Lorenzo

] kmiels, Thomas

Davis, Henry H

Davis, Samuel

Davis, Simon S

Davis, W. E

Day, D. W. H

1 lean, Ezra

Dean, Ezra V

1 >catrick, John F

1 >c Lamp, Harvey

1 )elacourt, B B

1 >clamalcr, John

I>e Lano, M . F

Delano, L. G

Denig, George

Denig, John M

Dennison, W

1 >evereux, John II ... .

I )evore, David G

Dewey, Chauncey....

Diboll, A . C

J dekey, Alfred S

Dickinson, Ed. F

Dickinson, R

Dickman, F. J

Dodd, E.S

Dodds, Ozro J

Doddsworth, Thomas,
Dodge, Frederick B.. .

Donelson, P. S

Donhain, P. J

Donnally, A

Dormann, Frederick..

Dor>ey, G. V

1 louglass, Robert B . .

I )oyle, John 11

Drake, I >aniel

1 >rescl, Otto .

Duhmc, Hermann...,
Duncan, James N.. . . ,
I Hmlap, Alexander. . . .

J hmlap, Milton

I lunlavy, Francis

Dunn, Andrew

Dwyer, Dennis

i Iyer, Blbridge G

Earl, W. C

Eckel, Hermann

Eckert, Michael

Eckert, Thomas F . . .
I gglcstou, Benjamin . ,

Elder, Flias A

Ellis, )olm M

Ellis, S. II

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485

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Ely, James :•> 123

Enocns, W. II 3w

I ni M. | ,,,j

1 -I’l'iy . .1 • *l*i» *’ si

I . H' my .1*7

Fa kenbreckcr, A 538

Ihrell, Isaac 89

I' shclman, E. 11 464

Esie, David K 13-

Estep, josiah M 615

I- V .l"S,'l . 1: 2*5

I1. vans, Is. 1* 479

I1. vans, Nathan 464

Kvarl, Thomas \V 22 4

Ew ing, Thomas 46.)

F.ylar, J. W 3.6

Falconer, C.yrus 87

I aran, James J 550

Fares, Sebastian 4 92

Funpihar, ( ). C 1*09

!• ay, ( iilbei t (.) 127

I’earing, 15 I ) 4 25

Fearing, Paul ... 148

Fehrcn batch, John 574

Fenton, Roswell 11 61

F errell, Charles 15 582

I errie, William ... 464

Fieser, Fred ... 177

l ife, James 6ei

Fillmore, E. E 249

Firmin, Lorenzo C04

Fisher, A. W 334

Fisher, George .. . 63

Fisher, John C. . . . . . . 193

Fisher, Samuel W 55

Fisher, S. S 635

Fitch, John 376

Fitzgerald, James \V ... 547

Flowers, J . R 173

Follett, John F . . C3 j

Follelt, Martin I) . . . . ...... 53

1 '"US. j"supli 95

Foos, W illiam 95

Foote, Horace 298

Forbes, Samuel F .477

1*’ »rd, Joseph 1) 2 J7

K .rjicy , \V. S 3 13

Foster, Charles 607

hosier, Charles W 666

Foster, William 11 523

Frazer, Abner 1 431

Frazier, William II 329

French, James J. 346

Frye, William C 94

Fuller, John W 294

Galloway, John S. 49

Galloway, Samuel 327

Gardner, George U p4

Garlleld, J. A 449

Garlick, Thcodutus 614

Garretson, Joseph 570

( iary , I )aniel 15 444

( lates, John 284

< files, Nahum B ;/./

5 “ glen. John J s-m

t iciard, Clinton W 08

Gerke, |ohu 47

Gibson,' C C 118

( iibson, Peter 87

< iibson, Thomas 292

Giddings, J R 5 8

Gillmore, (j. A 515

Gilmore,! antes 45

Gleason, A. W 488

Glover, E 642

Goddaid, Charles 15 569

( John ill, William . . 9

( iiihlsinith, Albert 251

< ioml, Jeremiah II 506

Good.de, Lincoln 478

Goodenow, John M 48

( ioodman, I allies 'I *7"

Goodwin, Homer 600

Gordon, Thomas W 192

Gol d* ill, W\ J . M ;v0

( iowey , | « >li n J1' 71

GialT, JaVoh.; ,

( il'ali.uu , W illiaiu A iis

Gl linger, M . iM ‘,‘r.h

Granger, V. W 347

Giannis, John C 339

I Irani, U. S 247

Grillin, Charles 379

( .1 illuli , J . 1I1 11 S t7*>

( iiillit h , Tin anas • 42

G 1 ill uh, W. W 300

( Ji iiuke , !•' 'redei ick 547

Grossius, John. 438

Grosvenor, Charles 11 412

Gwynne, Eli W ...... ^67

1 1 aag, J . iM.. 643

I I agans, M . B . , 10

1 1 ague, S. M \ 64 2

1 laley , James G 305

Hall, James 660

1 Fill, John C 241

Hall, Joseph 15 185

Hall, J 1 636

Hall. L. A 613

Halm, M 247

I lalpin, William (J 505

Halstead, Murat 434

I lamhlin, Emmett 463

Hamilton, John A 53

Hammond, Jacob 595

Hand, Sylvester 496

I I andy, Truman P . . . 383

Hanna, James J 110

1 1 anna, John E 330

I lannin, Edward 483

I Inrlan, R. 15 637

Harmeycr, 1 1 enry 108

Harmon, John 15 238

I larper, R ice 483

I I arris, Josiah 262

Harris, Joseph A 500

Harris, Leonard A 122

Harrison, William H ... ... 331

Harroun, C\ IF 468

1 1 art , Alphonso 12

I lart, Samuel 86

Hassattrek, Fred 569

Hathaway, W . E 502

I I ayes, R II 635

Haynes,. I >aniel A 136

I lazen, William 15... 493

I leart, Joseph E 161

Hedges, Josiah 638

Hedrick, Henry 405

Heidelbach, Philip 439

Heilman, John 11 524

Hellebush, Clemens 5 38

Heniann, Joseph A 175

Hempstead, (j. S. 15 543

Herrick, Walt. I1' 504

I lerron, John W . 15

Hershiser, W. A 207

Hickenloopcr, Andrew 41

Hicks, A. W 180

H icks, 1 >uvid 476

lliell, John \V 378

Higgins, Thomas W 468

Hildreth, George O 69

Hill, Charles W .61

I I ill , | aim s 2_,9

Hill, 'Philip W ts8

Hill, W , I) 365

Hill, W illiam II 54

1 1 illiard, R ichard 388

llinksou, Benjamin 632

Hinsdale, Burke A 26S

Hitchcock, Peter 575

Hitchcock, Peter, Jr 643

1 1 odge, John ( ) 564

Hoffman, Benjamin F 347

I lofTman, Silas W 43

I log. m, Patrick J 106

I loge, George W. 219

I I * 'ghiand, B. V 11)9

IL>lhrook, Allied 389

1 1 olden, W. 11. 397

I lolensliade, J. C\ C 419

I I * »lgate, W. C... 407

1 1 ollaud, John 529

I lolloway , F. S 104

I I olmcs, ( ' C 230

Holmes, I nos |oS

I loll , P C (,*,

1 1 01 r, t h. tiles W 36 \

1 1 01 1* m, 1 1 « 111 y V j 36

Ilosbrook, John L u>o

House, Erwin 361

Howard, D W. 11 *82

Howard, William 147

1 1 owe, Andrew J 112

Hoyt, E. S I I -

I loyt, James M 380

Hubbard, W. 15 pM

I i ubbell, 11. N. 104

Hudson, John 11 501

II ulbert, H irnni 543

ilulick, George W 231

11 umphreys, Joseph 15 48

1 1 tint, James C 104

Hunt, John E 244

Hunt, W. E 161

Huntington, II. i> 189

Hit! Ibut, 11. B 332

I lurtion, A. JM 119

Huston, James, Jr 491

Hutchins, Francis E 96

Hutchins, R. G1 178

Hint, Spence A 457

Ingalls, M. E 520

Innis, Gustavus S 563

Irion, John. 583

Jackson, II 1 629

James, E. W 160

Janney, John J 469

Jannotta, A 241

Johns, Daniel J 269

Johnson, F‘ 326

Johnson, John T 506

J ohiison, N . P 333

Johnson, Orange . 190

Johnson, William P 603,

Johnson, W. W 270

Johnston, G. W. C 293

Johnston, John 123

Johnston, Stephen 486

Johnston, W. S 546

Jones, Aquila 507

Jones, George W 116

Jones, Hi nry M 278

Jones, John I ) 117

Jones, John P 416

Jones, 1\1 H 109

Jones, S . 15 157

Jones, Wells S 541

Jones, W illiam 150

Jones, W illiam F 526

Jones, William W 359

J udkins, Jesse F 556

Judkins, William 535

June, David 619

Juukins, M. W 487

Keifcr, E. G 646

Keifer, J. Warren 27

Kelly, Moses 549

Kelly, W illiam C ^3°

Kennedy, James C 138

Kenned v, W. 15 648

Kent , Marvin 291

Kent, /cnas 652

Kenyon, I lenry 606

Kenton, Simon 245

Kessler, William 608

Keys, John K 57°

King, Edward 175

King, George W 208

King, John 17

King, Rufus 266

King, William H 191

Kinney, Joseph N 580

Kinney, P 347

Kinsey, Joseph 63

K ir.sman , John 15

Kjiby, Jacob 354

Kiiby, losiali 418

K irby, Moses H 354

Kirby, Timothy 124

Kirk, Robert C 171

Rutland, Jared P 574

Kleium, ( him. . 656

Kleinin, Then 3x8

K lipp.n l , | II . 212

K night , I'.dw aid II. (13

Knowles, Samuel S 100

K mix , Sarnie I 88

Kakemnn, Joseph F 160

Lane, P. P 101

Langdon, < ). M 453

l.ariniore, F rank C 204

I .awn nee, 1 )amel 1 2

I .c.ivili , Samuel K 4 6

I .eeils, I .. B 179

I .eel, 1 kmiel W 455

Lewis, Bushrod H 532

Lewis, Chris

Lewis, Edward C 548

I/Hommedieu, S. S 519

l.igowsky, A 163

Lilienlhal, Max 440

l ingo, Caleb. . 146

Little, James 442

Locke, 1). 1< 634

Locke, John 539

Logan, Thomas A 179

Long, Alexander 344

Long, 1 )avid 311

Long, Joint M 510

I .ongworih, N 13

Loomis, B. J 439

Loomis, Finney R 390

Loomis, William B 72

Lorimore, Andrew J 475

Loth, Moritz 73

Lotze, A 367

Loudon, De W'itt C 367

Loudon, James 232

Lowry, Thomas 633

Luce, Charles F 339

I uckey , A \Y/ 589

Ludlow, Benjamin C 629

Ludlow, Israel 628

Ludlow, Israel, Jr 629

Ludlow, James C 488

Ludlow, John 200

Lungrcn, Samuel S 348

Luse, A 15 133

Lyon, John 577

l.ytle, W. H 314

Mace, John S 19

Mack, Henry 186

Mackey, John 617

Macncale, Neil 16

Major, Francis W 250

Maley, Patrick F' 623

Malone, F. cl ward 522

Mansfield, Jared 534

Mai field, Samuel 648

Markall, Benjamin. 319

Marshall, James H 182

Marshall, John G 464

Martin, Benjamin F' 2c6

Martin, William T 584

Marx, Guido 206

Massie, Nathaniel 266

Mathews, Joseph Mel) 217

Matthews, A. G 295

Matthews, Stanley 652

Mays, William A 215

M’ Arthur, Duncan 481

Mi Bride, James 493

McClure, James. 125

McCook , 1 )anitl. 315

McCook, Robert L 340

McCrea, C. T 209

McCune, Robert. 346

McDowell, Irvin 280

McDowell, Joseph J 259

Me Elroy, Z. C 221

McFarland, William H 109

McGill, Stewart 1^8

McGrew, Henry 206

Mi ( Irew, J. Milton 414

Mi Kenny, John C 602

Mi Kinney, John F 558

McK inney, Samuel S 507

McLaughlin, James W 205

McLean, Daniel 639

McLean, John 512

McMahon, J. A 149

McMillan, U. G 4)^

McPherson, J 15 286

MeVcy, A. if 383

Mead, 1 1 ii am 21 x

Means, Thomas W 49J

iMedary , Samuel 560

Meek, William M 337

u

V.* M -

> L- l.i

•

• rs .

■

I 'IV !. ,

’• a ' < 1

n

■

-

I

'

INDEX.

671

Meckison, D S

Megnie, 1C G

M _i ;s, K. J

Melidi, Thomas J

M Mulv.Uil.tll, 1 icorgC. . .

Mrelitli, 1. I*

M . i n, \ iili.inicl

M lies, K iC J

M iller, J ihit

M ill :i , Samuel \

Miller, l li iiu.i'. F

Millik.iu, Willi. mi

M illikin, Minor

Minor, J 1

Mitchel, O. M

M iiclicll, Georg:

Mooricin, Christian

Moluny, J. tines

M mf irt, I i Miry A ....

M ) >ers, I lenry

M > ire, Cornelius

M >ore, 1 )avid II

M lore, Henry D

M 1 ire, William K

M iore, William 1'

Morey, A B

M >rg in, George W

M » rij.in , J. lines

M .frill, Henry A

Morris, J mathan. .....

M o ris, 1< ibert D

Morris, Thomas .

M >rrow, Jeremiah

M irse, David A

M t-es, H.ilsey H

M >-ler, (iiKtiive

Moulton, Cliailc^ W... .

Moxley, N.itli. K

M ilieu, ill oinas

Mullen, Thomas J ...

M unger, W illiam

March, Channcey M. . .

M urphy, John

Murray, (). S

M yers, James

Myers, John I

Myeis, V V N

Myers, Samuel

. . . . _> 1 ( >
.... 351
... 448

W)
1 i2
•1 *0

;

5-0

18 j
5

355

412

O07

... 77

6j8

166
586
8;
4* *4
166
447
>55
402
216

ib8

67

640

446

396
55&
6 )6
5)9
26 1
28
444

208

605

93

543

242

375

>9 t

600

Nash, Simeon ... 545

N tnerili, George V ... 194

Nayl .r, John IC 17;

Neal, Henry S ... 365

Nell , B Mij tiiiin 261

Nell . I ’eter i> 7

Neil, W. \ 651

Nelson, Rich 304

Nelson, T. 1 j.(

Nesbitt, lien mi 510

Newberry, J. S ... 511

Ncwc iinu, A ll . 449

Nich ils, I*. J 376

N oble, 1 )avi J 3 >1

Noble, Jackson M 109

Noble, John pi

Norris, John A 329

N n : is, k. I > 612

Noyes, KJ. !• j+

Oakes, Frank J

( Iberiniller, Mima i

( )' Brien, Patrick

Ogleve John F

( )key , John \\

Ol Is, C. N

O'Neil, William J

Orton, Falward

( ) we 1 is , lob K..

< Jwens, William

222

619

454

181

5 >o

<M4
467
49 >
>95
356

Palm, Jefferson ...... 517

P*P*. I'M W 455

Parrtut, led win A 3, >2

Parry, Augustus C. 411

Pars ms, Samuel H 4 78

Par\ in, S. 11 19

Patterson, John F 70

Patlisun, J 1I111 M 15}

Payne, Henry B. . . . 283

Pearce, Faiocli. . 595

P.-ar*>on, Joseph 2 so

Pea-dec, J « >li n 15 ... 398

Peck, K II

Peck , Hiram D

Peek , William 1

Peek, William V

Pedretti , F

PcndP t hi. ( Ie.»rg _■ 1 1 . . .

Pc1.11, II. 1

Penn, Julius A

Perkins, Jacob . . . .

Perkins, James H .

Perkins, f 0I111 . .

Perkins, Joseph

Perry, Nathan

Phillips, Thomas H

Philson, John R‘

Piaster, j ucob < )

pile-,* S iST

••• 345
... 527

. . . 366

... 616
. . . 626
. . . 146
. . . 403

... <0:5

2 99

. . . 3y9
... 172
. . . I99
... 362

Pulley, P. R

... 372

Pomerene, J uliiis C

. . . ei3

Poii l, Arthur

. .. 635

Pooriii in, C. 1 -

• - - >34

Potter, ICiiery 1) .......

... syt>

l\)tler, P.zra

. . . 417

Prichard, George A . ..... .

.. . 96

Pruden, Andrew J

Pncli, Aeliill.-s

Pugh, I Min M

Pulle, j ' iseph H

• • • 494

Purcell , John B

7

Ihirdy, Janies

. . . 201

Purs .1, Smith

.. . 52

Pursell, James

Putnam, J »!m II

... 542

Putnam, Rufus

Quinn, 11 S.

... 634

Quinn, John J

•• • 15

Raff, George \V

K ilfciisherger, li J

■ •

R al ston, Joseph ...

. .. 273

Rami .11, 1). A

. . I jS

1\ limey, R P

. . 471

R.iwson, Pa Quiniki

. .. 59 >

Read, Aimer

. . 561

R cakin', C h'

. 140

keamy, I’ll. id A . .

Reed, William 1*

• • 4 >2

1< eern 1 1 1 1 , ( harles G . . .

. . 56J

Km 1, A M'C

• • 255

Is 1 1, Samuel V

•• 5 -*5

keid, \v llitcl.iw

keiuhai'il, Jacob

. . 189

keis, Julius

kempel , F. F .

507

kc .or, William . .

• • 37°

k 1. e, Harvey

• • 39 5

Richards, R. k

. . 214

Richardson, Wr. I* .

. . 1 39

Richnuiiul, John M

. . 172

R ulgway, Joseph, Jr

• • 373

Ritter, A C

Rohi iisliii, 1 s.i.u: H ... .

. . 66+

Rolii -oil, J P

Ku ka-, | II

. . 625

Rodgers, R >hert

. . 6 J 2

Rodgers, W. A

• • 643

Rogers, Isaiah

. . 182

Rogers, John G

Rogers, William (9. ...... .

. . 16

kulmer, R. C ...

. . 177

Romhach, Matthew

.. 631

Root, W. II

• . 3>8

Rosecrans, S H

• • 542

Rosecrans, Willi un S

kowekamp, F. H

•• 33

Rowland, Charles Wr. ....

Royce, 1 >. H .

.. 6-->6-

kulTin, James 1

. . 64

kuggles, Benjamin

Rust, Richard S

.. 44

Sargent , 1C 1 war '

. . 72

S lundcr-am, 1 . W . .

■ • 5°5

Saur, J . C

• 3>‘>

Scarborough, William WC .

• • 599

Schaefer, Louis

• • 54 t

Si lieiii k , ) lines !•'.

. . 58

S. heuck, Willi. mi C

■ 5‘> 1

Sclileich, Newton 450

Schwab. Matthias 65

Scott, William 498

Scott, W illiam H 265

Scribner, C. H 232

Stall Uler, John M 18

Seasoiigoud, Jacob 408

Scboru, Fied. A 135

Scgur, 1 >aniel 173

Scllew, William 90

Seltzer, Van S 71

Seney, J. U 35-

Sessions, F. C 322

Sexton, Joseph A 196

Sbatttic, W. 15 649

Shawhan, Rezin Wr 576

Sheffield, William... 3^6

Sheldon, 15. F 308

Shellabarger, Samuel 74

Shepherd, 1 lenry -V • ....... 94

Shepherd, William W 532

Sheridan, Phil. 11 271

Sherman, J oh 11 533

Sherman, W. T 333

Sherwood, Isaac R 4.48

Shields, Robert S 141

Shinn, Joseph W 224

Shoemaker, R. M 641

Shotwell, George H . . 2S2

Sibley, James W 86

Siefert, Joseph 480

Sill, J. W 31 1

Simpkinson, John 14

Simpson, Thomas R... 69

Slevin, P. S 384

Slone, Felix G 618

Smart, C. S 187

S111 end, George 1 541

Smedley, Anderson 40

Smith, Benjamin 490

Smith, Charles 482

Smith, Charles J. W 514

Smith, Henry A 21

Smith, Henry W 557

Smith, James 134

Smith , James M 83

Smith, Jo.m pli 15 497

Smith , R icli.ud 428

Smith, R. F 145

Smith, Samuel M 400

Smith , Walter H 361

Smith, William !• 23

Smi/cr, W'edey 98

Snclbaker, David T 316

Snelb.iker , I 1. 316

Soli n , John \V . # . 3.70

Southard, Milton I 119

Spalding, Ruins P ... 319

Spangler, David. 212

Spangler, F. T 225

Spence, George icxj

Sproat, F.lien ....177

Stallo, John 15 34

Staubery, Henry 433

Stanton, 1C M 256

Stanton, W 637

Stalling, Dyne 6,8

St. Clair, Arthur 410

Stedman, William 265

Stcedman, James 15 332

Steel, Samuel 264

Steel, Samuel F 290

Stephan, A 635

Stevens, I,. 1C 141

Stevenson, R. W 174

Stewart, G. H 174

Stesvart, Henry C 424

Stiebel, Henry G .......... . 522

Stifel, Adam. 17

Stimson, Rodney M 66

Stoms, W'illiam 29

Storer, Bellamy 451

Storrs, Charles 15 ... 14

Slough, William 638

Straight, Seymour 80

Stratton, W'. P 8.4

Straub, W. F . . 40

Straucli, Adolph 39

Strihley, George 97

Slrobriilge, 1 1 im-s 51

Strong, Robert < ) 48

Si 1 wild , C F. {8.*

Stumps, Joseph C 575

Sullivan, John T 499

Siillivant, Joseph 485

Sullivunt. W. S 6(13

Sunnier, William 18

Siilhli, M ill* ui 18

Sutton, W, W v,()

Sw.m, Joseph K 604

Swuucy, | oscpli A ji 7

Sw.tyuc, n’.iyci 38.7

Sw ilt, Isaac 5J5

Swine, John 478

Syinmcs, John C 41. 1

Taft, Alphonso 26

Taft, Charles P 178

fait, J . 162

Page, W'illiam H 408

1 allmadge, Darius..; 243

Tarhcll , 1 >.i vul 210

Tarchet, Moses 498

Tatum, Samue) C 25

Taylor, Alexander D 417

Ta> lor, David I > 221

Taylor, l.zra 15 62

Taylor, Janies 91

Taylor, Joseph D 287

Taylor, J. B 221

1 aylor, S C 661

Temple, John 467

1 hacker, John A 126

Thayer, Proctor 64

Theis, Charles. 531

Thomas, David W 391

Thomas, Thomas K 397

Thompson, James H 554

Thompson, John 1 85

Thompson, J . G 358

Thompson, M F 571

Thomson, Id ward 483

I home, W'illiam F 143

1 homhill, F. W 163

Thurman, A. G 342

Tiffin, Fdward 432

1 inker, 1 1 cm y H 478

Tinsley, I {minus R 5 14

I inslcy, William 551

I od , David 263

Pod , ( icorge 583

Porhert, James L 133

1 01 hert, James I . , Jr. 136

1 uwiishend , Norton S 472

1 rainer, J. 11 S 3 6

IVvitt, Henry 131

Trcvitt, |o|)ii 157

'Previn, \Vi liam 1 58

T rimble, Allen

Trimble, Joseph ’Me 1 ) ...

1 li 111 hie, William A

Trimble, William H

True, li. C

. . . 590
... 203
• • 273

593

1 upper, Benjamin.

... 170

1 army, 1 hven T

... 578

l uri ll, M S

. . . a >2

1 little, ( le >rge M . . .

Underwood, A . H

Underwood, J l*

■ ■ • 532

Vallandigham, C. I

.. . 267

Van, J olin

. . . 227

Vandeiiian, John 1

.. . 6urf

Wittier, |. L

• • • 453

Von 15 mhorsi . C. G 383

Voorhes, R. M 5,7

Waddel, Thomas 411

Wade, Ben F 415

Wade, Jcptha H 588

Wade, M S 307

NVageuhiils, P M 254

Waggoner, M O 480

W'alile, Gustave R 259

Waite , M R 235

W'alcutl , Charles C 2110

Walden , John M 43s

Wales, C T 636

W'alke, Anihoiiy 5

Walker, W 1 321

W. dlac , Henry H 205

Walla. a , W illiam P 4(1(1

!' i a ir«Ki- ••<> . • •

• ■ i. - ■' * , t ^ y J ' ■

. ' ■ - ■

. ,A , iwj it i: ■’ J ’• 1 1

1 i\

. 1 '•>, *»' ■ ' ••• ■•

. . it' ' {*»••

' ■ ■ .«■ : "

If.' ;» 1 ■■

, ‘ 1

■

..... ,S.Y ■' ;■

. , .- ; ■ ■ o i. ' 'Wi >

vhl. ; J . hf ■;

, L n>. i • ‘‘

■j ■

.

L

III.U'HlP .llijll

.... . '/ :■ • I

Y,

... '.in. '.

INDEX.

672

W.1II1 i . I l: < ■ . ll.n-a. c S

VV.iril, William W

■ ■ • • 70

Wardle, Samuel

199

Warner, Sidney L

Wasson, John 11

48b

Weaver, W. L

Wel.h, John

624

Weher, Gustav C. 1*

....

Weddell I'eter.M

. ... 563

Wedge, Francis .

Wehrmaim, L F

190

\\ eidman, | >hn C

W ei tZi.l, ( i nlfi 'ey

Weleh, |ulm

... 76

Wdl,, l .c.b M

Well,, J l>

... 476

Welsh, l,i.,,

... jSi

West, Joseph li

... S87

Wheeler, Benjamin D

Wheeler, Lyman

... 5^2

Wheeler, S. C

Whipple, Ahraliam

White-, Alexander

175

White, l'.merson F

While, Joseph W

.... 187

Whiinip, Aureii W

1 31

W hitney , Luther

3°5

Whittaker, J lines T

349

Whittlesey, Charles

552

W hittlesey, Klisha

.... 5sS

Wikoi)', Allen T ... ..

.... 411

Wilford, J allies B

634

Wilkison , 1 )avid. . , . . . .

624

Willey, ( ieorge

378

Willey, J. .Ini W

. . . 527

Williams, Klkanah

35

\V illia ins , | ones

191

Williams, 1\ ter T

.... 662

Williamson, 1 )avid

135

Williamson, Raul 11

.... 34

Willson, II. V

Wilson, ( leorge \V ... 5.48

Wilson, Janies K. 139

Wilson, James L 657

Wilson, John (i 609

\V ilson , M. F 1 17

W ilson, iVler I. 195

Wilson, William 555

NVinans, J. J 197

Winogarner, David C 393

Winslow, Rich 388

Wise, Isaac M 309

Wise, James S. 238

Wise, Robert W 240

Witherspoon, Orlando. 550

Witt, Stillman 441

Wit istcin, ( i . C. F 334

Wolf, Andrew 631

Wolf, Daniel 66

Wolfe, N. B 45

Wolff, Charles U 35

Wood, C )li vor 365

Wood, Reuben 304

Wood, Samuel 15... ^87

Woodbridgc, T 512

Woods, John 529

Woods, Joseph T 268

Woodward , Charles 526

Woodward. W. H 172

Worthington, Henry 550

Worthington, James M 302

Worthington, John 302

Worthington, Thomas 579

Worthington, Vachel 461

Wright, Robert 170

Wright, Thomas 518

Veatman, Thomas H 253

Yeoman, S. B 647

Veomaii, S. N 661

Young, Samuel M 489

Young, William 615

THE END.

4023

8157 3